LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 595 . 76 H88bm V. 2 Biology OCT 1 7 m The person charging this material is re- sponsible for its return to the library from which it was withdrawn on or before the Latest Date stamped below. Theft, mutilation, and underlining of books ore reasons for disciplinary action and may result in dismissal from the University. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN APR 0 5 1S47 JUN 2 4 1954 DEC 1 5 2(110 L161 — O-1096 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/britishmothsthei02hump BRITISH MOTHS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. BRITISH MOTHS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. ARRANGED AND ILLUSTRATED IN A SERIES OF PLATES BY H. N. HUMPHREYS, ESQ., WITH CHARACTERS AND DESCRIPTIONS BY J. 0. WESTWOOD, ESQ., F.L.S., SKC. OF THK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIBTY, KTC. ETC. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME II. LONDON: WILLIAM SMITH, 113, FLEET STREET. MDCCCXLV. LONDON : BRADBORY AND EVANS, PRINTERS. WHITEFRIARS. r LIST OF PLATES. PIG Insects. 1. » 2. » 3. » 4. » 5. 9) 6. )J 7. » 8. » 9. )> 10. » 11. »» 12. » 13. » 14. Jl 15. » 10. » 17. » 18. >» 19. »J 20. )> 21. M 22. )» 23. >» 24. M 25. »» 26. JJ 27. ,, 28. »» 29. Plant. 30. Insects. PLATE LVII. Psodos trepidaria (the black mountain-moth). Psodos alpinata (the gold four-spot). Speranza brunneata (the Rannoch Looper). Speranza Limbaria (the frosted yellow). The Caterpillar. Bupalus piniarius (the bordered white). The Female. Fidonia atomaria (the common heath). Another variety. .\ Female. Fidonia fuliginaria (the waved black). The Caterpillar. Fidonia ericetaria (the bordered gray). The Female. Moesia Favillacearia (the gray scalloped bar). Hybernia leucophearia (the spring usher). A variety. Anisopteryx -Escularia (the March moth). The Female. Hybernia Capreolaria (the dotted border). The Female. The Caterpillar. Hybernia prosapiaria (the scarce umber). The Female. Hybernia defoUaria (the mottled umber). A variety. A variety. The Female. The Caterpillar. Cytisus scoparius (common broom). PLATE LVIII. 1. Phigalia pilosaria (the pale brindled beauty). 2. The Female. 3. Nyssia hispidaria (the small brindled beauty). 4. The Female. 5. Nyssia zonaria (the belted beauty). 6. The Female. 7. The Caterpillar. 8. Biston Prodromarius (the oak beauty). 9. The Female. 10. The Caterpillar. PAOS 2 6 FIO. PAOF. Insects. II. Biston Betularius (the peppered moth). „ 12. The Female. „ 13. The Caterpillar. „ 14. Biston Hlrtarius (the brindled beauty). „ IS. The Female. Plant. 16. Achillea millefolia (common millefoil or yarrow). PLATE LIX. 10 Insects. 1. Himera pennaria (the October moth)' „ 2. The Caterpillar. „ 3. Crocallis elinguaria (the scolloped oak). „ '4. The Caterpillar. „ 5. Odontopera bidentata (the scolloped hazel). „ 6. The Caterpillar. „ 7. Geometra Tiliaria (the canary-shouldered thorn). „ 8. The CaterpUlar. „ 9. Geometra erosaria (the September thorn). „ 10. The Caterpillar. „ 11. Geometra angularia (the clouded August thorn). „ 12. The Caterpillar. „ 13. Geometra illunaria (the early thorn). „ 14. The CaterpUlar. „ 15. Geometra lunaria (the lunar thorn). „ 16. The Caterpillar. „ 17. Geometra delunaria. „ 18. Geometra illustraria (the purple thorn). „ 19. Geometra sublunaria, a variety of illustraria. „ 20. Geometra fuscantaria. „ 21. PericalliaSjTingaria (the lilac beauty). Cater- pillar and Chrysalis without number in pi. CO. „ 22. Angerona prunaria (the orange moth). „ 23. The Female. „ 24. A variety of the Female. „ 25. The Caterpillar. „ 26. Rumia crata3gata (the brimstone moth). „ 27. The Caterpillar. „ 28. A variety of the Caterpillar. „ 29. Ourapteryxsambucaria(the swallow-tailed moth). „ 30. The Caterpillar. „ 31. The Cocoon, misnumbered as 13. „ 32. Camptea margaritaria (the light emerald). „ 33. Ellopiafasciaiia (the barred red). VOL. n. LIST OF PLATES. PLATE LX. 16 FIG. Iksects. 1. Hipparchus papilionarius (the large emerald). 2. The Caterpillar. 3. Hemithea vernaria (the small emerald). 4. The Caterpillar. 5. Hemithea smaragdaria (the Essex emerald). 6. Hemithea cythisaria (the grass emerald). 7. The Caterpillar. 8. Cleora hajularia (the blotched emerald). 9. The Caterpillar. 1 0. Cleora lichenaria (the lime moss). 11. The Caterpillai-. 12. Cleora viduaria (the speckled beauty). 13. Cleora teneraria (the dotted carpet). 14. Cleora cinetaria (the ringed carpet). 15. Cleora pictaria (the gray carpet). 16. Alcis repandaria (the mottled beauty). 19. The variety called muraria. 20. The variety called conversaria. 18. The Caterpillar.- ^ 21. Alcis sericearia (the satiu carpet). 23. Alois roboraria (the great oak beauty). 24. The Caterpillar. 25. Alcis rhomboidaria (the willow beauty). 26. A dai'k variety. 27. The Caterpillar. 27. The variety called consobrinaria. 28. Alcis consortaria (the pale oak beauty). 29. The Caterpillar. 30. Alcis fimbriaria (the bordered beauty). 42. is the Caterpillar of Camptea margaritaria, figured in plate 9. 22. is the Caterpillar of Boarmia abietaria, figured in plate 61. PLATE LXI. I.NSEcrs. 1. Hemerophila abruptaria (the waved umber). „ 2. Tephrosia tetragonaria (the square spot). „ 3. Tephrosia abietaria (the iugrailed). 22 in plate 60 is the Caterpillar. „ 4. Tephrosia crepuscularia (the small ingrailed). „ 5. The Caterpillar. „ 26 & 27. Small varieties of Abietaria or Crepuscu- laria, called Consonaria and Strigularia, pro- bably late broods. 6. Tephrosia extensaria (the brindled white spot). 7. Tephrosia punctularia (the gray bu-ch). 8. The Caterpillar. 9. Halia vauaiia (the common V moth). 10. The Caterpillar. 11. Numeria pulveraria (the barred umber). 12. The Caterpillar. 13. Cabera pusaria (the common white wave). 1 4. The Caterpillar. 15. A vai'iety called rotundaria. 16. Cabera exanthemaria (the common wave). 17. Ephyra omicronaria (the mocha). 18. Ephyria pendulaiia (the birch mocha). Insects. 19. A variety. 24 & 25. The Caterpillar and Chrysalis. „ 20. Ephyra orbicularia (the dingy mocha) . „ 2!. EphjTa porata (the false mocha). -' „ 22. The Caterpillar of Punctaria, a nearly allied species. „ 23. Ephyra trilinearia (the clay-triple lines). PLATE LXII. 26 Insects 1. Bradyepetes amataria (the blood vein). „ 2. The Caterpillar. ,, 3. Epione apieiaria (the borderedbeauty). „ 4. Epione vespertaria (the dark-bordered beauty). „ 5. The Caterpillar. „ 6. Epione advenaria (the little thorn \ „ 7. Eurymene dolabraria (the scorched wing). „ 8. The Caterpillar. „ 9. Aspilates citraria (the yellow belle). „ 10. A variety. „ 11. Aspilates gilvaria (the straw belle) „ 13. Aspilates respersaria (the grass wave). „ 14. The Caterpillar. „ 15. Phasiane plumbaria (the belle). „ 16. Larentia cervinaria (the mallow). „ 12. The Caterpillar. „ 1 7. Larentia chenopodiaria (the small muliow). „ 22, The Caterpillar. „ 18. Larentia bipunctaria (the chalk carpet). „ 20. Larentia multistrigaria (the mottled grey). Plant. 21. Althaea officinalis (the marshmallow). PLATE LXIU. 30 Insects. — 1. Cidaria didymata (the twin spot carpet). 2. Cidaria mum'tata (the rufous carpet). 3. Cidaria ferrugata (the red twin spot). 4. Cidaria unidentaria (the dark-barred twin spoi). 5. Cidaria quadrifasciaria (the large twin spot). 6. The Caterpillar. 7. Cidaria latentaria (the northern twin spot). j ., 8. Cidaria silicarLa (the striped twin spot). 9. Cidaria miaria (the gi-een carpet). 10. Cidaria oUvata (the beech green carpet). 1 1. Cidaria montanata (the silver ground). 1 2. Cidaria fluctuata (the garden carpet). 13. The Caterpillai-. 14. Cidaria propugnata (the flame carpet). 15. Venusia cambrica (the Welch wave). 16. Karpalyce fulvata (the barred yellow). 17. The Caterpillar. 18. The Chrysalis. 19. Hai-palyce oceUata (the purple bar). 20. The Caterpillar. 21. Harpalyce galiata (the galium carpet). 22. Harpalyce tristata (the small argent and sable). 23. The Caterpillai-. 24. Harpalyce subtristata (the common carpet). 25. Harpalyce sylvaticata (the wood carpet). 26. Harpalyce unangulata (the sharp-angled carpet). LIST OF PLATES. Insecis. FtO. •27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Harpalyce biangulata (the cloaked carpet). Harpalyce siKiceat.i (the small phoeuix). Harpalyce corjiata (the broken barred carpet). The Caterpillar. The Chrysalis. „ 32. Harpalyce unilobata (the single-lobed). PLATE LXIV. Insects. 1. Polyphasia marmoi-ata (the marbled carpetV „ 2. Polyiiliasia centum-notata (the common ni:ir- bled carpet). „ 3. Polyphasia immanata(a variety ofthepreceding). „ 4. Steganolophia prunata (the clouded carpet). „ o. The Caterpillar. „ 6. The Chrysalis. „ 7. Lampropteryx suffumata (the water carpet). Lampropteryx badiata (the shoulder stripe). The Caterpillar. Auticlea Berbcrata (the raspberry carpet). The Caterpillar. The Chrysalis. The Cocoon. Anticlea rubidata (the flame). Anticlea siuuata (the royal mantle). Anticlea derivata (the streamer). The Caterpillar. Electra comitata (the dark spinach). Electra populata (the poplar). The Caterpillar. Electra spinachiata (the spinach). Electra testata (the chevron). - Electra p\TaUata (the barred straw). Celma imbutata (the Manchester treble li.-'r). Anaitis plagiata (the slender treble bai'). Siona dealbata (the black vein). Galium sp. 38 Plant. 8. 16. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 17 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27 PLATE LXV. 44 Insects. 1. Abraxas ulmata (the scarce magpie). 2. The Caterpillar. 3. Abraxas pantaria, (a variety of the preceding). 4. Abraxas grossulariata (the magpie). 5. A variety. 6. A variety. 7. The Caterpillar. 8. The Cocoon. 9. The Chrysalis. 10. Melanippe hastata (the argent and sable). 11. The Caterpillar. 12. Melanippe hastulafa. 13. Zerene albicillata (the beautiful carpet). 14. Zerene procellata (the chalk carpet). 15. Zerene adustata (the scorched carpet). 16. Zerene rubiginata (the blue bordered carpet). 1 7. Zerene plumbata (the dark blue bordered cari)et). Insects. 3. Euthalia impluviata (the May high-flyer). „ 4. The Caterpillar. „ 5. Euthalia cluLata (the July high-flyer). „ 6. A variety. „ 7. The Caterpillar. ,, S. A rcm.arkable variety of the preceding species (horriJ.'U'ia). „ 9. Phibalapteryx tersata (the Fern). „ 10. Phibalapteryx vitalbata (the small waved ambrc) „ 11. Phibalapteryx lignata (the obliijue carpet). „ 12. Phibalapteryx liueolata (the obliciue striped). „ 13. Phibalapteryx angustata (the narrow bordered carpet). „ 14. Lozogramma petraria (the brown silver lines). „ 15. Scotosia vetulata (the brown scollop). „ 16. The Caterpillar. * „ 17. Scotosia sparsaria (the small scollop). „ 18. Scotosia rhamuata (the dark umber). PLATE LXVII. 50 Insects. 1. Triphosa cervinata (the scarce tissue). 2. Triphosa dubitata (the common tissue). 3. Triphosa cinereata (the ashy tissue). 4. Camptogramma bilineata (the yellow shell). 5. Eucosmia undulata (the scollop shell), b". Cliarissa obscuraria (the dark annulet). 7. The Caterpillar. 8. Cliarissa uilucid.aria (the pale annulet). 9. Charissa pullata (the brown annulet), 10. Charissa serotinaria (the large Mocha). 11. Charissa operaria (the Scotch annulet). 12. Pachycnemia hippocastantiria (the chesnut carpet). 13. Clioesias spartiata (the streak). 14. The Caterpillar. 15. Thera obUijuaria (the chevron). PLATE LXVI. Insects. 1. Euthalia miata (the autumn green carpet). „ 2. Euthalia psittacata (the red-green carpet). 48 PLATE LXVIII. Insects. 1. Thera simulata (the brick carpet). „ 2. Thera variata (the grey carpet). „ 3. Thera juniperata (the Juniper carpet). „ 4. The Caterpillar. „ 5. Thera couiferata (the Northern carpet). „ 6. The Caterpillar. „ 7. Oporabia dilutata (the November moth). „ 8. A pale variety. „ 9. Oporabia polata (the pol.ar carpet). „ 10. C'lieimatobia brumata (the winter moth). „ II. Clieinmtobia rupicapraria (the early moth). „ 1 2. Lobophora Polycommata (the spring carpet). „ 13. The Caterpillar. „ 17. L. polycommata, from Hiibner's fig. „ 14. Lobophoi-a lobulata (the early tooth-striped). „ 15. The Caterpillar. „ 16. Lobophora rupcstrata (the double-lined). „ 18. Lobophora hexapterata (the prominent). „ 19. Lobophora sexalisata (the Bmall seraphim). „ 20. The Caterpillar. Plant. 21. Juuiperus communis (the common juniper). 34 b2 LIST OF PLATES. PLATE LX. PAGE 16 FIB. Insects. L J) 2. 5> 3. M 4. 5» 5. JJ 6. JJ 7. » 8. M 9. J> 10. JJ n. J) 12. >» 13. 3) 14. » 15. JJ 16. » 19. J) 20. » 18. S> 21. s» 23. w 24. S5 25. » 20. >» 27. 3? 27. 33 28. !3 29. » 30. 33 42. Insects. 22. Hipparchus papilionarius (the large emerald). The Caterpillar. Hemithea vernaria (the small emerald). The Caterpillar. Hemithea smaragdaria (the Essex emerald). Hemithea cytliisaria (the grass emerald). The Caterpillar. Cleora hajularia (the blotched emerald). The Caterpillar. Cleora lichenaria (the lime moss). The Caterpillar. Cleora viduaria (the speckled beauty). Cleora teneraria (the dotted carpet). Cleora cinctaria (the ringed carpet). Cleora pictaria (the gray carpet). Alcis repandaria (the mottled beauty). The variety called muraria. The variety called conversaria. The Caterpillar. Alcis sericearia (the satin carpet). Alcis roboraria (the great oak beauty). The Caterpillar. Alois rhomboidaria (the willow beauty). A dark variety. The Caterpillar. The variety called consobriuaria. Alois consortaria (the pale oak beauty). The Caterpillar. Alcis fimbriaria (the bordered beauty). is the Caterpillar of Campasa margaritaria, figured in plate 9. is the Caterpillar of Boarmia abietaria, figured in plate 61. PLATE LXI. 1. Hemerophila abruptaria (the waved umber). 2. Tephrosia tetragonaria (the square spot). 3. Tephrosia abietaria (the ingrailed). 22 in plate 60 is the Caterpillar. 4. Tephrosia crepuscularia (the small ingrailed). 5. The Caterpillar. 26 Sc 27. Small varieties of Abietaria or Crepuscu- laria, called Consonaria and Strigularia, pro- bably late broods. 6. Tephrosia extensaria (the brindled white spot). 7. Tephrosia punetularia (the gray bh-ch). 8. The Caterpillar. 9. Halia vauaria (the common V moth). 10. The Caterpillar. 11. Numeria pulveraria (the barred umber). 12. The Caterpillar. 13. Cabera pusaria (the common white wave). 14. The Caterpillar. 15. A variety called rotundaria. 16. Cabera exanthemaria (the common wave). 1 7 . Ephyra omicronaria (the mocha). 18. Epbyria pendulaiia (the birch mocha). FIG. F Insects. 19. A variety. „ 24 & 25. The Caterpillar and Chrysalis. „ 20. Ephyra orbicularia (the dingy mocha). „ 2!. Ephyra porata (the false mocha). „ 22. The Caterpillar of Punctaria, a nearly allied species. „ 23. Ephyra trilinearia (the clay-triple lines). PLATE LXII. 26 Insects 1. Bradyepetes amataria (the blood vein). „ 2. The Caterpillar. ., 3. Epione apiciaria (the bordered beauty). „ 4. Epione vespertaria (the dark-bordered beauty). „ 5. The Caterpillar. „ C. Epione advenaria (the little thorn 1. „ 7. Eurymene dolabraria (the scorched wing). „ 8. The Caterpillar. „ 9. Aspilates eitraria (the yellow belle). „ 10. A variety. „ 11. Aspilates gilvaria (the straw belle) „ 13. Aspilates respersaria (the grass wave). „ 14. The Caterpillar. „ 15. Phasiane plumbaria (the belle). Larentia eervinaria (the mallow). The Caterpillar. Larentia cheuopodiaria (the small mallov). The Caterpillar. Larentia bipuuctaria (the chalk carpet). „ 20. Larentia multistrigaria (the mottled grey). Plant. 21. .■lithEea officinalis (the marshmallow). PLATE LXIII. 30 Insects. — 1. Cidaria didymata (the twin spot carpet). „ 2. Cidaria munitata (the rufous carpet). „ 3. Cidaria ferrugata (the red twin spot) . „ 4. Cidaria unidentaria (the dark-barred twin spot). „ 5. Cidaria quadrifasciaria (the large twin spot). „ 6. The Caterpillar. „ 7. Cidaria latentaria (the northern twin spot). ., 8. Cidaria silicaria (the striped twin spot). „ 9. Cidaria miaria (the green carpet). „ 10. Cidaria olivata (the beech green carpet). „ 11. Cidaria montanata (the silver ground). „ 12. Cidaria fiuetuata (the garden carpet). „ 13. The Caterpillar. „ 14. Cidaria propugnata (the flame carpet). „ 15. Veuusia cambriea (the Welch wave). „ 16. Harpalyce fulvata (the barred yellow). „ 1 7. The Caterpillar. „ 18. The Chry^ahs. „ 19. Harpalyce ocellata (the purple bar). „ 20. The Caterpillar. „ 21. Harpalyce galiata (the galium carpet). „ 22. Harpalyce tristata (the small argent and sable). „ 23. The Caterpillar. „ 24. Harpalyce subtristata (the coromon carpet). „ 25. Harpalyce sylvaticata (the wood carpet). „ 26. Harpalyce unangulata (the shai-p-angled carpet). LIST OF PLATES. I>'SECi8. '27. Harpalyce biangulata (the cloaked carpet). „ 28. Harpalyce silaceata (the small pho3ui.\). „ 29. Harpalyce corylata (the broken barred carpet). „ 30. The Caterpillar. „ 31. The Chrysalis. „ 32. Harpalyce unUobata (the single-Iobed). PLATE LXIV. 38 Insects. 1. Polyphasia marmorata (the marbled carpetV „ *2. Polyphasia centum-notata (the common mui-- blcd carpet). „ 3. Polyi>liasia immanata (a variety of the preceding ) . „ 4. Steganolophia pranata (the clouded carpet). „ 5. The Caterpillar. „ 6. The Chrysalis. „ 7. Lamproptery.x suffumata (the water carpet). „ 8. Lamprcpteryx badiata (the shoulder stripe). The Caterpillar. Anticlea Berberata (the raspberry carpet). The Caterpillar. The Chrysalis. The Cocoon. Anticlea rubidata (the flame). Anticlea sinuata (tlie royal mantle). Anticlea derivata (the streamer). The Caterpillar. Electra comitata (the dark spinach). Electra populata (the poplar). The Caterpillar. Electra spinachiata (the spinach). Electra testata (the chevron). - Electra pyraliata (the barred straw). Celma imbutata (the Manchester treble l).->r). Anaitis plagiata (the slender treble bar). Siona dealbata (the black vein). Plant. 27. Galium sp. Insects. 16. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. 14. 15. 17 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27 PIG. PAOB 3. Euthalia impluviata (the May high-flyer). 4. The Caterpillar. 5. Euthalia elutata (the July high-flyer). 6. A variety. 7. The Caterpillar. 8. A I'emarkable variety of the preceding species (horrid.oi'ia). 9. Phibalapteryx tersata (the Fern). 10. Phibalapteryx vitalbata (the small waved ambiv) 11. Phibalapteryx lignat.a (the oblique carpet). 12. Phibalapteryx lineolata (the oblifiue striped). 13. Phibalapteryx angustata (the narrow bordered cai-pet). 14. Lozogramma petraria (the brown silver lines). 15. Scotosia vetulata (the brown scollop). 16. The Caterpillar. * 17. Scotosia spai-saria (the small scollop). 18. Scotosia rhamnata (the dark umber). PLATE LXVII. 50 PLATE LXV. 44 Insects. 1. Abraxas ulmata (the scarce magpie). 2. The Caterpillar. 3. Abraxas pantaria, (a variety of the pi-eccding). 4. Abraxas grossulariata (the magpie). 5. A variety. C. A variety. 7. The Caterpillar. 8. The Cocoon. 9. The Chrysalis. 10. Melanippe hastata (the argent and sable). 11. The Caterpillar. 12. Melanippe hastulata. 13. Zerene albicillata (the beautiful carpet). 14. Zerene procellata (the chalk carpet). 15. Zerene adustata (the scorched carpet). IC. Zerene rubiginata (the blue bordered carpet). 1 7. Zerene plumbata (the dark blue bordered cari)et). PLATE LXVI. Insects. 1. Euthalia miata (the autumn green carpet). „ 2. Euthalia psittacata (the red-green carpet). Insects. 1. Triphosa cervinata (the scarce tissue). 2. Triphosa dubitata (the common tissue). 3. Triphosa cinereata (the ashy tissue). 4. Caraptogramraa bilineata (the yellow shell). 5. Eucosmia undulata (the scollop shell). 6. Charissa obscuraria (the dark annulet). 7. The Caterpillar. 8. Charissa dilucidaria (the pale annulet). 9. Charissa puUata (the brown annulet). 10. Charissa serotinaria (the large Mocha). 11. Charissa operaria (the Scotch annulet). 12. Pachycnemia hippocastanaria (the chesnut carpet). 13. Chsesias spartiata (the streak). 14. The Caterpillar. 15. Thera obUcjuaria (the chevron). 48 PLATE LXVIII. Insects, I. Thera simulata (the brick carpet). 2. Thera variata (the grey carpet). 3. Thera junipenita (the Juniper carpet). 4. The Caterpillar. 5. Thera coniferata (the Northern carpet). 6. The Caterpillar. 7. Oporabia dilutata (the November moth). 8. A pale variety. 9. Oporabia polata (the pol.ar carpet). 10. Clieimatobia brumata (the Avinter moth). 11. Clieimatobia rupicapraria (the early moth). 12. Lobophora rulyeommata (the spriug cai-pet). 13. The Caterpillar. 17. L. polycommata, from Hiibner's fig. 14. Lobophora lobukita (the early tooth-striped). 15. The Caterpillar. 16. Lobophora rupestrata (the double-lined). 18. Lobophora hexapterata (the prominent). 19. Lobophora sexalisata (the small seraphim). 20. The Caterpillar. Plant. 21. Juniperus communis (the common juniper). 54 b2 LIST OF PLATES. PLATE LXIX. PAGE 58 Insects. 1. Eupithecia Linariata (the beautiful pug). „ 2. The Caterpillar. „ 3. Eupithecia pulcheUata (the pretty pug). „ 4. Eupithecia rectangulata (the green pug). „ 5. Eupithecia nigro-punctata (the little pug). „ 6. Eupithecia nigro-sericeata (the black silk pug). „ 7. Eupithecia coronata (the V pug). „ 8. Eupithecia strobilata (the double-striped pug). „ 9. Eupithecia rufifasciata (the red-barred pug). „ 10. Eupithecia Iserigata (the juniper pug). „ 11. Eupithecia exiguata (the barberry pug). „ 12. Eupithecia abbreviata (the short pug). „ 13. Eupithecia nebulata (the brindled pug). „ 14. Eupithecia albipunctata (the speclded pug). „ 15. Eupithecia subumbrata (the small-brindled pug). „ 16. Eupithecia subfasciata (the subfasciated pug). „ 17. Eupithecia Tulgata (the common pug). „ 18. Eupithecia irriguata (the Welsh pug). Plant. 19. Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax). PLATE LXX. 62 Insects. 1. Eupithecia subfuscata (the brown grey pug). „ 3. Eupithecia innotata (the unspotted pug). „ 3. Eupithecia notata (the dotted pug). „ 4. Eupithecia elongata (the long-ninged pug). „ 5. The Caterpillar. „ 6. Eupithecia simpheiata (the plain pug). „ 7. Eupithesia pusillata (the small grey pug). „ 8. Eupithecia absinthiata (the wormwood pug). „ 9. Eupithecia sobrinata (the Scotch pug). „ 10. Eupithecia angustata (the narrow-winged pug). „ 11. Eupithecia plumbeolata (the lead-coloured pug). „ 12. Eupithecia subfulvata (the tawny pug). „ 13. Eupithecia cognata (the allied pug). „ 14. Eupithecia succenturiata (the bordered lime- speck pug). „ 15. Eupithecia piperata (the peppered pug). „ 16. Eupithecia centaureata (the lime-speck pug). „ 17. The Caterpillar. „ 18. Eupithecia rariegata (the marbled pugl. „ 19. Eupithecia consignata (the pinion-spotted pug). „ 20. Eupithecia venosata (the netted pug). „ ' 21. The Caterpillar. Plant. 22. Centaurea nigra (common knapweed). PLATE LXXI 66 Insects. 1. Cleogene niveata. „ 2. Hyria Auroraria (the purple-bordered gold). „ 3. Hyria var. „ 4. Minoa Chserophyllata (the chimney-sweeper). „ 5. Minoa Euphorbiata (the drab looper). „ 6. The Caterpillar. „ 7. Bapta bimaculata (the white pinion spotted). „ b. Bapta punctata (the clouded silver). „ 9. The Caterpillar. „ 10. Aplocera Csesiata (the February carpet). „ 11. Aplocera, var. flavicinctata. Insects. 12. Emmelesia decolorata (the sandy carpet). „ 13. Emmelesia affinitata (the rivulet). „ 14. Emmelesia turbaria (the middle rivulet). „ 15. Emmelesia rivulata (the small rivulet). „ 16. Emmelesia ericetata (the heath rivulet) . „ 17. Emmelesia blandiata. „ 18. Emmelesia albulata (the grass rivulet). „ 19. Emmelesia tseniata. „ 20. Emmelesia unifasciata (the single-barred rivulet). „ 21. Emmelesia bifasciata (the double-barred rivulet). „ 22. Emmelesia rusticata, male (the least carpet). „ 23. Ditto, female. „ 24. Emmelesia sylvata (the waved carpet) . „ 25. Emmelesia Blomeri (Captain Blomer's rivulet). „ 26. Emmelesia candidata (the small white wave). „ 27. Emmelesia luteata (the small yellow wave). „ 28. Emmelesia heparata (the dingy shell). PLATE LXXII. 72 Insects. 1. Strenia clathi-ata (the latticed heath). „ 2. Venilia maculata (the speckled yellow). „ 3. Venilia var. quadrimaculata (the pinion spotted yellow). „ 4. Ptychopoda dilutaria (the small fan-footed wave). „ 5. Ptychopoda var. fimbriolata. „ 6. Ptychopoda lividata (the single dotted wave). „ 7. Ptychopoda trigeminata (the treble brown spot). „ 8. Ptychopoda trigeminata var. (bisetata). ,, 9. Ptychopoda ornata (the lace border). „ 10. Ptychopoda incanata (the mullein wave). „ 11. Ptychopoda var. contiguaria (the tooth- striped wave). „ 12. Ptychopoda immutata (the lesser cream wave). „ 13. The Caterpillar. „ 14. Ptychopoda rubricata. PLATE LXXIII. 7G Insects. 1. Acidalia osseata (the dark cream wave). ,, 2. Acidalia — var. margine-punctata (the dotted bordered wave). 3. Acidalia virgularia (the small dusty wave). 4. Acidalia subsericeata (the satin wave). 5. Acidalia aversata (the riband wave). 6. Acidaha remutata (the false riband wave). 7. Acidalia — vai'. inornata (the plain wave). 8. Acidalia fumata (the smoky wave). 9. Acidalia lactata (the pale cream wave). 10. Acidalia — var. flos lactata (the cream wave). 1 1 . PoBcilophasia marginata (the clouded border). 12. Var. 13. The Caterpillar. 14. Chlorissa vu-idata (the small grass emerald). 15. Chlorissa thymiaria (the common emerald). 16. The CaterpUhir. 17. Chlorissa putataria (the little emerald). 18. Timaudra imitai-ia (the small blood vein). 19. Timaudra variegata (the subangled wave). 20. Timandia emutaria (the dusky wave). LIST OF PLATES. pro. PAG Insects. 21. Macaria notata (the peacock). 22. The Caterpillar. 23. Macaria altcrnata (the sharp angled peacock). 24. JIaearia litm-ata (the ta«uy barred angle). 25. The Caterpillar. 26. Aula emarginata (the scolloped double line). 27. Ennomos Hexula (the beautiful hook tip). 28. Macaria limbata (the bordered chetiue). 29. Macaria pr.-eatomata (the dingy angled). .10. Macaria subrufata (the slender-shaped rufous). 31. Macaria unipunctata (the white spot). PLATE LXXIV. 82 I.NSKCis. 1. Platypterjx lacertula (the scallop hook tip). „ 2. The CaterpilK-ir. „ 3. Platypterjx, — var. Cultraria (the pale scallop hook tip). „ 4. Drepana falcataria (the pebble hook tip). „ 5. The Caterpillar. „ 6. Drepana hamula (the oak hook tip). „ 7. Drepana unguicula (the barred hook tip). „ 8. Cilix compressa (the Chinese character). „ 9. Hypena prohoscidalis (the snout eggar likeness). „ 10. The Caterpillar. „ 11. Hj-pena obesalis (the pinion snout). „ 12. Hj'pena rostralis (the buttoned snout). ,, 13. The Catei-piUar. „ 14. Hypena palpalis (the dark snout). „ 15. Hypena crassalis (the beautiful snout). „ Ifi. Macrochilia cribralis (the dotted fan-foot). „ 17. Pechipogon barbalis (the common fan-foot). „ IS. The Caterpillar. „ 19. Paracolax derivalis (the clay fan-foot). „ 20. Paracolax tarsicrinalis (the fan-foot). „ 21. Paracolax nemoralis (the small fan-foot). PLATE LXXV. 88 Insects. 1. CEthm emortualis (the olive crescent). 2. The Caterpillar. 3. Colobochylia salicalis (the lesser bell). 4. Synaphe angustalis (the smaU snout). 5. Cledeobia albistrigalis (the white line snout). 6. Cledeobia costa^strigalis (the dark line snout). 7. Camplylochila undulalis (the waved tabby). 8. Caraptylochila bistrigalis (the twin-striped tabby). 9. Aglossa pinguinalis (the large tabby). 10. Aglossa cupreolatus (the small tabbyX 11. Aglossa dimidiatus (the tea tabby). 12. Aglossa Streatfeildii (Streatfeild's tabby). 1 3. Pyralis farinalis (the meal moth). 14. Pyralis glaucinalia (the double striped). 15. Pyrahs pictalis (the painted-meal moth). 16. Hj-psopygia costalis (the gold fringe). 17. Agrotera flammealis (the rosy-flounced). PL.\TE L.XXVI. 92 Insects. 1. Simaethis Fabriciana (the autumn nettle-tap). „ 2. Simaethis pariana (the double barred nettle-tap). Insects. 3. The Caterpillar. 4. The Cocoon. 5. Simaethis lutosa (the early nettle-tap). G. Simaethis Myller.ana (Myllcr's nettle-tap). * 7. Simai-this punctosa (the narrow silver- dotted) 8. Anania octomaculata (the white spot). 9. Eunychia aoguiualis (the wavy-barred sable). 10. Ennychia cingulata (the silver-barred sable). 11. Ennychia rufo-fascialis (the flounced). 12. Pyrausta purpuralis (the crimson and gold). 13. Pyrausta punicealis (the purple and gold). 1 4. The Caterpillar. 15. Pyrausta ostrmalis (the scarce purple aud gold). 16. Pyrausta porphyrialis (the porphyry). 1 7. Pyrausta cespitalis (the straw-barred). 18. Pyrausta sordidalis (the dingy straw-barred). 19. Diasemia literalis (the lettered China mart). 20. Hydi-ocampa potamogata (the brown China mark). 21. Hydrocampa Nymphieata (the beautiful China maik). 22. The Caterpillar. 23. The Caterpillar in its sheath or case. 24. Cataclysta lemnata (the small China mark). 25. The Female. 26. Paraponyx stratioiata (the ringed China mark). 27. Phlyctoenia sambucalis (the garden China mark). 28. The Caterpillar. 29. Eudioptis lueernalis (the transparent China mark). 30. Nomophila hybridalis (the rush veneer). PLATE LXXVII. 98 Insects. 1. Eurrhypara urticata (the small magpie). „ 2. The Caterpillar. „ 3. Jlesographe forficalis (the garden pebble). „ 4. The Caterpillar. „ 5. Margaritia diversalis (the yellow under-winged pearl). „ 6. Margaritia asinalis (the dingy pearl). „ 7. Margaritia lancealis (the long-winged pearl). „ 8. Margaritia vertiealis (the mother-of-pearl). „ 9. Margaritia centro-strigalis (the central-striped pearl). „ 10. Margaritia cinctalis (the lesser pearl). „ 11. Margaritia palealis (the sulphur). „ 12. Margaritia Iiyalinalis (the scarce pearl). ,, 13. Margaritia angustalis (the narrow-winged pearl). „ 14. Margaritia terminalis (the bordered pearl). „ 15 Margaritia glabralis (the dingy pearl). „ 16. Miirgaritia jiallidalis (the delicate pearl). „ 17. Margaritia flavalis (the gold China mark). „ 18. Margaritia oehrealis (the small straw China mark). „ 19. Nascia cilialis (the orange cloud). „ 20. Margaritia ferrugalis (the rusty dot). PLATE LXXVIII. 102 Insects. 1. Margaritia fulvalis (the fulvous dot). „ 2. Margaritia verbascahs (the rusty China mark). LIST OF PLATES. FIG. PAGI Insects. 3. Margaritia longipedalis (the long-legged pearl). 4. Margaritia pulveralis (the dusted pearl). n. Margaritia fuscalis (the cinereous pearl). 6. Margaritia fimbrialis (the edged pearl). 7. Margaritia institialis (the pale straw). 8. Margaritia stramentalis (the chequered straw). 9. Margaritia margaritalis (the clouded yellow peai'l). 10. The Caterpillar. 11. Jlargariiia serieealis (the straw dot). 12. Margaritia alpinalis (the Alpine pearl). 13. Margaritia sticticalis (the diamond spot). 14. Margaritia olivalis (the white brintJled). - 15. JIargaritia pruualis (the clouded peari). 16. The Caterpillar. 1 7. Cyneda dentalis (the starry brindled). 18. The CaterpUlar. 19. Nola strigiUalis (the least black arches). 20. Nola mouachalis (the small black arches). 21. Nola cucuUatella (the short cloaked). 22. Nola fuliginalis (the dusky cloaked). Plant. 23. Echium vulgare~(common bugloss). Insects. PLATE LXXIX. 108 Hylophila prasinana (green silver lines). The Caterpillar. The Cocoon. Hylophila quercana (scarce silver lines). „ 5. The Caterpillar. „ 6. The Chrysahs. „ 7. Earis chlorana (small green oak). „ 8. The Caterpillar. „ 9. The Cocoon. „ 10. Tortrix viridana (pea-green). •f~ „ 11. TortrLx palleana (plain yellow). „ 12. Tortrix viburnana (viburnian). 13. Tortri.x Pillerana (Filler's). „ 14. The Female. „ 15. Tortrix galiana (the glossy golden brown). „ 16. The Female. „ 17. Lozotoenia Forsterana (Forster's). „ 18. Lozotoenia sorbiana (the hazel tortrix). „ 19. Lozotoenia lieparana (the dark oblique bar). „ 20. Lozotosnia cinnamoneana (the cinnamon). „ 21. Lozotoenia ribeana (the common oblique bar). „ 22. Lozotoenia grossulareana (gooseberry). „ 23. Lozotoenia cerasana (the hollow oblique bar). „ 24. The Caterpillar. „ 25. The Cocoon. „ 26. Lozotoenia corylana (great chequered). „ 27. Lozotoenia croceana (saffron). „ 28. Lozotoenia Itevigana (glossy oblique bar). PLATE LXXX. 110 Insects. 1. Lozotoenia nebuUma (the rose tortrix). „ 2. Lozotoenia subocellana (the ocellated oblique bar). „ 3. Lozotoenia rosana (the great brown). „ 4. Lozotoiuia crata:gaua (the hazel-barred). „ 5. Lozotoenia oporana (the great hook-tip). Insects 6. Lozotoenia xylosteana (the forked red-bar). „ 7. Lozotoenia roborana (the oak red-bar). „ 8. Lozotoenia obliquana (the obhque bar) . „ 9. Lozotoenia costana (the straw obhque bar). „ 10. Lozotoenia biustulana (the double-spotted obhque bar). „ 11. Lozotoenia Modeeriana (Modeer's bar). „ 12. Lozotoenia acerana (the maple). „ 13. Lozotoenia trifasciana (the afternoon tortrix). „ 14. Lozotcenia Grotiana (the Grotian tortrix). „ 15. Lozotoenia ochreana (the saffron). „ 16. Lozotcenia crueiana (the red cross). „ 17. Lozotoenia Holmiana (the Holmian). „ 18— 19. The Caterpillars. „ 20. Lozotoenia Schreberiana (the Schreberian). PLATE LXXXI. 114 Insects. 1. Philedone Gerningiana (the Gerningian). „ 2. Pluledone Wallierana (the Walkerian). „ 3. Pffidisca rotundana (round tipped red-bar). „ 4. Psedisca angustiorana (narrow winged red-bar). „ 5. Piedisca sylvana (the red blotch-back). „ 6. Pfedisea porphyrana (bi'ight oblique barred). „ 7. Pjedisca nebulana (clouded iron). „ a. PsediscaWellensiaua (the barred blotch-back). „ 9. Paedisca ssthiopiana (the Negro). „ 10. Pcedisca scriptana (the short barred white). „ 11. PiEdisca semifasciaua (the short barred grey). „ 12. Anthithesia corticana (the marbled long cloak). „ 13. Anthithesia betulana (the birch long cloak). „ 14. Anthithesia tripunctana (the common long cloak). „ 15. Anthithesia pruniana (the lesser long cloak). „ 16. The Caterpillar. „ 17. Anthithesia puUana (the dingy marbled). „ 18. Anthithesia marginana (the bordered long cloak). ., 19. Antithesia oblongana (the narrow long cloak). 20. Antithesia gentianasana (the Gentian). „ 21. The Caterpillar. ,, 22. Antithesia salicella (the white backed). PLATE LXXXII. 118 Insects. — 1. Spilonota nubiferana (the clouded white). 2. Spilonota cynostabella (the black cloaked). S. The Caterpillar. 4. Spilonota aquana (the browB cloaked). 5. The Caterpillar. C. Spilonota trimaculana (the triple blotched). 7. Spilonota comitana (the cream short-cloaked). 8. Spilonota fcenella (the white foot). 9. Spilonota Pflugiana (the Pflugian). 10. Spilonota Stra^miana (the Stiteraian). 11. Spilonota rusticana (the tawny blotch back). 12. Spilonota trigemiuana (the throe spotted). 13. Spilonota sticticana (the brown bi.tch back). 14. Spilonota Costipunctana (the lesser blotch back). 15. Spilonota argyi'ana (the silver blotched back). LIST OF PLATES. PIG. PAGE Insects. 16. Spilonota quadrana (the Highland blotch back). ., 17. Spilonota tetragonana (the four-angled blotch back). ,, 18. Spilonota nigricostana (the black-edged marble). „ 19. Spilonota ustulana (the scorched blunt wing). „ 20. Heusimene fimbriana (the browTi bordered). PLATE LXXXIII. 122 Insects. 1. Pseudotomia obscurana (the obscure blotch back). „ 2. Pseudotomia frateruana (the ashy silver barred). „ 3. Pseudotomia nigro-punctana ( the black dotted). „ 4. Pseudotomia atromargana (the black bordered). „ 5. Pseudotomia strobilella (the light silver striped). „ ft. Pseudotomia sequana (the silver blotch back). „ 7. Pseudotomia Petiverella (the Petiverian). „ 8. Pseudotomia Lunulana (the crescent). „ 9. Pseudotomia simpliciana (the plain silver fringed). „ 10. Pseudotomia Jacquiniana (the Jacquinian). „ 11. Pseudotomia strigana (the plain gold fringed). „ 12. Pseudotomia atropurpur.Tna (the purple black). „ l.S. Pseudotomia nigricana (the black striped edge). „ 14. Pseudotomia obscurana (the dingy). „ 15. Pseudotomia proximana (the pale brown striped ■edge). „ 16. Pseudotomia puncticostana (the sector spotted). ,, 17. Pseudotomia populana (the pigmy Y). „ 18. Pseudotomia Ephippana (the three angled blotch back). „ 19. Pseudotomia Trauniana (the Traunian). „ 20. Pseudotomia notata (the bkack and white). ,, 21. Pseudotomia Compositella (the triple striped blotch back). ., 22. Pseudotomia Gundiana (the Gundian). „ 24. Pseudotomia Lediana (the Ledean). „ 25. Pseudotomia nitidana (the dark silver striped). „ 26. Pseudotomia aurana (the double orange spot). PlANT. 27. Agrostcmma gittago (common com cockle). PLATE LXXXIV. 126 I.NSECTS. 1. Steganoptycha tetraquetrana (the square barred single dot). 2. Steganoptycha Angulana (the angle striped single dot). ,, 3. Steganoptycha Unipunctana (the marbled single dot). „ 4. Steganoptycha triquetrana (the angle barred single dot). ., 5. Steganoptycha Bccberana (the Bteberian). „ 6. Steganoptycha pavonana (the blotch backed grey). ., 7. Steganoptycha Cospidana (the pointed bar). „ 8. Steganoptycha Rhombifasciana (the square bar). „ 9. Steganoptyclia Cinereana (tlie mottled grey). „ 10. Steganoptycha .Stictana (the spotted red). „ 11. Steganoptycha Ketusana (the variable red). „ 12. Steganoptyclia subuncana (the Red Hook-tip). I'LiKT. 13. Lychnis flos-cuculi (the cuckoo flower or ragged robin). PAGE PLATE LXXXV. 128 PIO. Insects. I. Anchylopera obtusana (the blunt-winged blotch back). „ 2. Anchylopera unculana (the hook-tipped blotch back). 3. Anchylopera Lundiana (the Lundian). 4. Anchylopera Lyellana (Lyell's). 5. Anchylopera fractifasciana (the broken-barred). G. Anchylopera siculana (the hook-tipped streak). 7. The Caterpillar. 8. Tlie Caterpillar in another stage. 9. Anchylopera rtiminutana (the festoon Tortrix). 10. Anchylopera funulana (the dark festoon). 11. Anchylopera uncana (the bridge). 12. Anchylopera ustomaculana (the Loch Ranoch). 13. Anchylopera biarcuana (the double-arched). 14. Anchylopera derasana (the naked winged). 15. Anchylopera cuspidana (the sharp angled). 1 6. Philalcea ramella (the hooked marble). 17. The C.iterpillar. 18. Philalcea nigromaculana (the beautiful marble). 19. Philalcea nevana (the spotted short cloak). 20. Philalcea sociana (the white short cloak). 21. Philalcea amoenana (the marbled short cloak). 22. P ilalcea Paykulliana (the Paykullian). 23. Philalcea fimbriana (the double crescent). 24. A variety. 25. Philalcea bilunana (the hoary double crescent). 26. Philalcea subocellana (the retuse marble). 27. Philalcea asseclana (the obtuse marble). 28. Philalcea Mitterbacheriana . 29 & 30. Varieties, (the Mitterbachian). Plant. 31. Rhamnus Catharticus (Buckthorn). PLATE LXXXVI. 134 Insects. 1. Roxana arcuana (the arched). 2. Carpocapsa pomonelia (the codling moth). 3. The Caterpillar. 4. Carpocapsa splendana (the splendid). 5. Carpocapsa grossana (the smoky marble). G. Carpocapsa aspidiscana (the spotted). 7. Carpocapsa Woeberana (the W'eberiau). 8. The Caterpillar. 9, 10 & 1 1 . Chrysalis. 12. Carpocapsa Rheediella (the Rheedian). 13. Carpocapsa ulicetana (the light-striped edge). 14. Carpocapsa hypericana (the yellow-striped edge). 15. The Caterpillar. 16. Carpocapsa Leplastriana (the Leplastrian). 17. Carpocapsa perlepidana (the beautiful crescent). 18. Carpocapsa Juliana (Bentlcy's marble tortrix). Plant. 19. Hypericum pulchrum (St. John's Wort). PLATE LXXXVI I. 136 Lnsects. 1. Carpocapsa stelliferana (the Starrj' Tortri.\). „ 2. Carpocapsa pupillana (the Wormwood Tortrix). „ 3. Carpocapsa fulvana (the fulvous-sealed). „ 4. Carpocapsa cana (the hoary-sealed). „ 5. Carpocapsa Scopoliana (the Scopolian). LIST OF PLATES Insects. 6. Carpocapaa rufana (the red-sealed). „ 7. Bactra egenana (the dusty drab). „ 8. Bactra pauperana (the spotted drab). ., 9. Bactra egestana (the lesser drab). „ 10. Bactra fuscana (the brown drab). „ 11. Ablabia expallidana (the pale dri,b). „ 12. Bactra Uliginosana (the darklmg drab). „ 13. Ablabia quadripunctana (the dotted drab). Plant. Pyrus domestica (True-service tree). PLATE LXXXVIII. 140 Insects. 1. Cnephasia asinana (the large gray elm). „ 2. Cnephasia longana. „ 3. Pale variety (the long-winged). „ 4. Cnephasia ictericana. „ 5. Variety (the jaundiced drab). „ 6. Cnephasia sinuana (the waved elm). „ 7. Cnephasia Penziana (the Penzian). „ 8. Cnephasia interjectana (the lesser gray elm). „ 9. Cnephasia Logiana (the Logian). „ 10. Cnephasia obsoletana (the obscure-elm). „ 11. Cnephasia rectifasciana (the straight-barred elm). „ 12. Cnephasia curvLfaseiaua (the curve-barred elm). „ 13. Cnephasia littoralis (the mottled coast Tortrix). „ 14. Cnephasia nubilana (the smoky gray). \ „ 15. Cnephasia perfuseana (the deep brown). „ 16. Cnephasia cinerana (the pale ash). Plant. 17. Saxifraga geum (kidney-leaved saxifrage) . PLATE LXXXIX. 144 Insects. ) . Sericoris quadrimaculana (the blotched drab). „ 2. Sericoris striana (the straight-barred). „ 3. Sericoris fasciolana (the small barred). „ 4. Sericoris urticana (the barred nettle). „ 5. Sericoris micana (the sliver dotted) . „ 6. A common variety. „ 7. Sericoris alternana (the alternate barred). „ 8. Sericoris undulana (the silver striped). „ 9. Sericoris gramineana (the great barred). „ 10. Sericoi'is cespitana (the meadow barred). „ 11. Sericoris poHtana (the red barred gray). „ 12. Sericoris pulcheUaua (the dark ban-ed gray). „ 13. Sericoris fuUgana (the smoky barred). „ 14. Sericoris subsequana (the faint silver striped). „ 15. Sericoris myi'tUlana (the bilberry). „ 16. Sericoris aurofasciana (the gold barred). „ 17. Sericoris bifasciana (the double-b.iri-ed orange) . „ 18. Sericoris furfurana (the mottled bran) . „ 19. Sericoris marmorana (the marbled dog's tooth). Plant. 20. Silene inflata (the inflated catchfly). PLATE XC. Insects. 1. Notocelia Udmanniana (the Udmauuian). „ 2. Poecilochroma Solandriana (the Solandrian). „ 3. Poecilochroma trapezana. „ 4. A pale variety. „ 5. A medium var. 146 Insects. 6. The Caterpillar. „ 7. PcecUochi'oma Communana, (the marbled dia- mond back) „ 8. Light var. (the cock's head). „ 9. Poecilochroma piceana (the shining pitch). „ 10. Poecilochroma vittana (the Niton Tortrix). „ !1. Poecilochroma semifuscaua (the half brown). „ 12. Poecilochroma maculana (the black double- blotched). „ 13. Poecilochroma maurana (the great double bar). „ 14. Ptycholoma Lecheana (the Lechean). „ 15. Ptycholoma obsoletana (the obsolete). PLATE XCI. 150 Insects. 1. Euchromia purpurana (the purple). 2. Euchromia fulvipunctaua (the tawny-dotted). 3. Euchromia ericetaua (dark var.) 4. Light variety. 5. Lophoderus ministranus (the yellow-barred iron). 6. Lophoderus subfascianus (the pale-barred iron). 7. Sarrothripus degeneranus. 8. The Caterpillar. 9. The Cocoon. 10. The Chrysalis, (the Large marbled). 11. Sarrotliripus undulanus (the waved-marbled). 12. Sarrothripus dilutanus (the large brown). 13. Sarrothripus Lathamianus (the Lathamian). 14. Sarrothripus lUcanus (the large Holly). 15. Sarrothripus Afzelianus (the Afzelian). 16. Sarrothripus ramosanus (the twigged bar). 17. Sarrothripus Stonanus (Mr. Stone's bar). PLATE XCII. 152 Insects. 1. Peronea 2. Peronea 3. Peronea 4. Peronea 5. Peronea 6. Peronea 7. Peronea 8. Peronea 9. Peronea 10. Peronea 11. Peronea 12. Peronea 13. Peronea 14. Peronea profanana (the rusty button), semiustana (the half scorched), striana (the brown button), substriana (the striped button). Bentleyana (Bentley's button), vittana (the streaked button), spadiceana (the bay-shouldered button), brunneana (the brown button). Desfoutainana (the Desfontainian). consimilana (the pale bay button), fulvocristana (the tawny-crested button), albovittana (the white-streaked button), fulvovittana (the tawny-streaked button), cristalana (the barred button). PLATE XCIII. 154 Insects. 1. Peronea subcristalana (the dull button). 2. Peronea cristana (the white button). 3. Peronea Albipunctana (the white spotted button). 4. Peronea Chantana (Chant's button). 5. Peronea Subvittana(the obscure streaked button). 6. Peronea insulana (the insulated button) . 7. Peronea divisana (the half. coloured button). 8. Peronea strigana (the streaked buff-edged). LIST OF PLATES. Insects. 9. Peronea radiana (the buff-edged). „ 10. Peronea centrovittana (the ceotre-streaked button). „ H. Peronea ramostriana (the braaclied button). „ 12. Peronea combustana (the flame button). „ 13. Peronea Albistriana (the gray streak). Pl*.nt. H. Lysimachi^ nemorum (Wood Loosestrife). PL.iTE XCIV. 15G In.sects. 1. Peronea autumnana (the autumnal button). „ 2. Peronea ruficostana (the red-edged button). „ 3. Peronea alboflamraana (the white dash). „ 4. Peronea coronana (the marbled chesnut). „ 5. Peronea BjTingerana (the Byringerian). „ 6. Peronea umbrana (the dark-streaked buttun). „ 7. Peronea Leucophtcana (the black dash). „ 8. Peronea subcristana (the half-crested button ). „ 9. Peronea mannorana ( the silver gray). „ 10. Peronea latifasciana (the broad-barred). „ 11. Peronea favillaceana (the ash-coloured). „ 12. Peronea reticulana (the chequered-gray). „ 13. Peronea tristana (the lesser ash.coloured). Plant. 14. Primula farinosa (Bird's-eye Primrose). PLATE XCV. 160 Insects. I. Peronea albicostana (the white-edged button). „ 2. Peronea bistriana (the double-bay-streak). „ 3. Peronea similana (the pale-edged button). „ 4. Peronea plumbana (the lead-coloured). „ 5. Peronea trigouana (the three-dotted), Boscana of Haworth. „ 6. Peronea Logiana (the Logian). „ 7. Peronea SchaUeriana (the Schallerian). „ 8. Peronea rufana (the red triangle). „ 9. Peronea asperana (the white-shouldered). „ 10. A new variety of asperana. „ 11. Peronea borana (the crested buff). „ 12. Peronea variegana. „ 13. A dark variety. (The common rough-wing). „ 14. Peronea obsoletana (the obscure button). „ 15. Peronea Leacliiana (the Leachian). ., 16. Peronea Capueina. „ 17. Peronea albana. Plant. 18. Galeobdolon lutenm (yellow archangel). I.vsECTS. 13. Leptogrammatricolorana(thetricoloured green). „ 14. Leptogramma fulvomixtaoa (the tawny and green). Plant. 15. Lychnis diurna (the red-flowered Lychnis). PLATE XCVI. 162 Insects. 1 . Acleris costimaculana. 2. Acleris aspersana. 3. A small variety. 4. Acleris gnomana. 5. A speckled variety (the dial). 6. Acleris tripunctulana (the rusty treble spot). 7. Acleris bifldana (the forked stripe). 8. Acleris cerusana (the white treble spot). 9. Acleris scabrana (the gray rough wing). 10. Leptogramma literana (the black-spri;;ged green). 11. Leptogramma squamana (the green-tufted). 12. Leptogramma irrorana (the sprinkled green). II. Plant. Insects. Insects. PLATE XCVII. 164 Insects. Plant. 1. Teras emargana (the chequered notch-wing). 2. Teras excavana (the ii-on notch-wing). 3. Teras effractana (the common notch- wing). 4. Tei-as caudana. 5. Caterpillar (the mallow notch-wing). 6. Teras ochracea (the pale ochre notch-wing). 7. Dictyopteryx contamiuana (the chequered pebble). 8. Dictyopteryx ciliana (the white-fringed). 9. Dictyopteryx rhombana (the dark chequered). 10. Dictyopteryx plumbana (the clouded straw). 11. Dictyopteryx Loeflingiana (the Lajflingian) 12. Dictyopteryx Forskaliaua (the Forskalian). l.i. Dark variety. 14. Capua ochraceana (the ochreous). 15. Cynosurus cristatus (crested dog's-tail grass). PLATE XCVIII. 16.1 1, 2. Cheimatophila castaneana (the chestnut). 3. ArgjTotoza Bergmanniana ( the Bergraannian). 4. ArgjTotoza Hoffmanseggiana (the Hofi'manseg- gian). 5. Argjrotoza Conwayana (the Conwayi.au). 6. ArgjTotoza subaurantiana (the gold-varied). 7. ArgjTotoza Daldorfiana (the Daldorfan). 8. Argyrotoza apicalis (the clay-tipped). 9. Argyrolepia Lathoniana (the silver-spotted). 10. Argyrolepia margaritana (the orange-barred pearl). 11. Argyrolepia aeneana (the silver broad bar). 12. Argyrolepia bistrigana (the two-striped). 13. 14. Argyrolepia tesserana (the tessellated). 15. Argyrolepia decimana (the ten-dotted). PLATE XCIX. 170 1. Orthotaenia Turionana (the orange-spotted). 2. The CaterpUlar. 3. Orthotajnia geminana (the scarce orange^potted). 4. The Caterpillar. 5. A disease in the pine caused by the Caterpillar. 6. Moth in repose. 7. Orthofsenia Bentleyana (the Bentleyan). 8. Orthotaenia Ilaworthana (the silver-marbled). 9. Orthotaenia Resinella (the spotted Pine). 10. Orthotsenia Pinetana. 11. Orthotaenia Lepidana. 12. Orthotaenia Comitana (the streaked Pine). 13. Soaall dark variety. 14. Orthotjcnia Piceana. 15. Rhyacionia Hastiana (the Hastian). IG. Rhyacionia fiavofasciana. 17. A branch of Pine showing the manner in which the caterpillars feed and injure the yovmg shoots. XIV LIST OF PLATES. PLATE C. PAGE 172 Insects. 1 . EupoecUia maculosaoa. „ 2. A dark variety (the small black spotted) . „ 3. Euposcilia dubitana (the doubtful). „ 4. EupoecUia augustana (the barred marble). „ 5. Eupoecilia nana (the barred dwarf). „ 6. Eupcecilia pygma;ana (the dingy dnarf). „ 7. Eupa3cilia permixtana (the orange and black). „ 8. Eupoeeilia sodaliana (the brindled marble). „ 9. Phtheochroa rugosana (the rough wing). „ 10. Coehylis roseana (the rosy). „ 1 1. Coehylis subroseana (the dingy rosy). „ 12. Coehylis ruficiliana (the red fringe). „ 13. Coehylis griseana (the oblique barred gray). „ 14. Coehylis rupicola (the chalk cliff Tortrix). „ 15. Coehylis Vectisana (the Isle of Wight Coehylis). Plant. 16. Aira Alpina (smooth alpine hair grass). PLATE CI. 176 Insects. 1. Lozopera altemana (the alternate-barred Tortrix). „ 2. Lozopera Dubrisana (the Dover Straw). „ 3 & 4. Small varieties of ditto. „ 5. Lozopera Marmoratana (the marbled straw). „ 6. Lozopera Straminea (the short-barred straw) . ' „ 7. Lozopera Smeathmanniana (the Smeathman- nian). „ 8. Lozopera Franeillana (the Francillanian). „ 9. Lozopera badiana (the chestnut straw). „ 10. Lozopera Baumanniana (the Baumannian). „ 11. Xanthosetia Zoegana (the Zoegian). „ 12. Xanthosetia ferrugana (the clouded iron). „ 13. Xanthosetia hamana (the hook-marked straw). J, 14. Xanthosetia diversana (the crossed straw). „ 15. Xanthosetia inopiana (the plain drab). „ \ti. Xanthosetia Luteolana. „ 17. Phibalocera Quercaua (the long-homed) . „ 18. Hypercallia Christiernana (the Christiernian). Plant. 19. Cynosurus cristatus (Crested Dog's-tail grass). PLATE CII. 180 Insects. 1. Orthotojha Venosa (the dark-veined long- winged). „ 2. Depressaria Heracleana (the cow-parsnip). „ 3. Depressaria Umbellana (the large-streaked). „ 4. Depressaria Venosa (the wainscot fiat body). „ 5. Depressaria Nervosa (the coarse wainscot). „ 6. Depressaria Apicella (the brindled flat body). „ 7. Depressaria badiella (the brown-brindled flat body). „ 8. Depressaria Characterosa (the lesser flat body). „ 9. Depressaria carduella (the thistle flat body). „ 10. Depressaria Pulverella. „ 11. Depressaria Sparmanniana (the straw-coloured). „ 12. Depressaria imraaculaua (the spotless flat body). „ 13. Depressaria Yeatsiana (the Yeatsian). „ 14. Depressaria ocellana (the red letter). Plant. 1 5. Rosa villosa (the apple-bearing rose). PLATE CIII. PAGB 182 Insects. 1. Depressaria applaua (the common flat-body). „ 2. Depressaria putridella (the brown veined). „ 3. Depressaria atomella (the powdered). J, 4. Depressaria costosa (the dingy sti'aw). „ 5. Depressai'ia Alstroemeriana (the Alstroemerian). „ 6. Depressaria irrorella (the dusted flat-body). „ 7. Depressaria liturella (the purple flat-body). „ 8. Depressaria Bluntii (Blunt's flat-body.) „ 9. Depressaria purpurea (the lesser purple). „ 10. Depressaria albipunctella (the rufous brindled). ,, 11. Depressaria Damella. „ 12. Depressaria gilvella (the brindled straw). ,, 13. Depressaria curvipunctosa (the curve-dotted). „ 14. Depressaria propinquella. ,, 15. Anacampsis Malvclla. „ 16. The Caterpillar. Plant. 17. The larva of Anacampsis Malvella is represented on a species of Mallow ; as figured by Fisher. PLATE CIV. 184 Insects. 1. Anacampsis juniperella (the juniper). „ 2. The Caterpillar. „ 3. Anacampsis laticinctella (the poplar). ,j 4. variety. „ 5. the caterpillar. „ 6. Anacampsis rusticella (the dusted black). „ 7. Anacampsis longicornis (the long-horned). J, 8. Anacampsis Listerella (the Listerian). „ 9. Anacampsis nebulea (the dotted bro«Ti). „ 10. Anacampsis Betulea (the birch). „ 11. Anacampsis rhombella (the black speckled gray). „ 12. Anacampsis cinerella (the cinereous). „ 13. Anacampsis Ericse. „ 14. Anacampsis zephyrella (the powdered gray). „ 15. Anacampsis terrella (the subcinereous). „ 16. The Caterpillar. „ 17. Anacampsis lutarea (the clay-coloured). ,, 18. Anacampsis Annulicornis (the ring-horned). ,j 19. Anacampsis sericornis, „ 20. Anacampsis dodecella (the small black speckled gray). „ 21. Anacampsis MouSetella (the dotted gray). „ 22. Anacampsis aspera (the rough). „ 23. Anacampsis domestica (the domestic). Insects. Pla PLATE CV. 188 1 . Anacampsis affinis (the brindled brown) . 2. Anacampsis diffinis (the greater brindled brown). 3. Anacampsis lactreella (the cream-shouldered). 4. Anacampsis sarcitella (the white-shouldered). 5. Anacampsis laueeolella (theblack-dotted woollen). 6. Anacampsis Hiibueri (the Hiibnerian). 7. Anacampsis contigua (the light-brindled-brown). 8. Anacampsis sequax (the dark-brindled-brown). 9. Anacampsis proxima (the beautiful briudled- brown). 10. Anacampsis tricolorella (the fri-coloured). 1 1. Epimedium Alpiuum (Alpine Barrenwood). LIST OF PLATES. PLATE CVI. PAOB 188 Insects. 1. Anacampsis luctuella (the crescent-shouldered). „ 2. Anacampsis subrosea (the little blossom). „ 3. Anacampsis decorella (the neat). „ 4. Anacampsis marmorea (the beautiful marble). „ 5. Anacampsis guttifera (the white-dotted black). „ 6. Anacampsis aira (the little black). „ 7. Anacampsis subocellea (the ejelet). „ 8. Anacampsis maculella (the short-barred white). „ 9. Anacampsis treraella (the horse-shoe). „ 10. Anacampsis Lvellella. Plji.nt. 11. Anemone ranunculoides (yellow-wood Anemone). PLATE CVIL 190 l.N'SECTS. 1. Anacampsis nivella (the black-dotted white). „ 2. Anacampsis aleella (the black-clouded). „ 3. Anacampsis interruptella (the brown streak). „ 4. Anacampsis fulvescens (the tawnj). „ 5. Anacampsis fuscescens (the faint-dotted brown). „ 6. Anacampsis alternella (the black-spotted white). „ 7. Anacampsis angustella (the black-spotted brim- stone). 8. Anacampsis albimaculea (the white-spotted black) . 9. Anacampsis quadripuncta (the four-spotted). 10. Anacampsis bifasciella (the two-banded). 11. Anacampsis padifohella. 12. Anacampsis fugacella. 13. Anacampsis .^thiops. 14. Anacampsis fuscipeimis. 15. Anacampsis costella. Plant. 16. Chlora perfoUata (jellow wort). PLATE CVIII. 192 l.vsECTS. 1. Lophonotusfascienlellus (the prominent Tinea). „ 2. Acria emarginella (the notch-winged). „ 3. Chelaria rhomboidella (the lobster- clawed). „ 4. Cleodora silacella (the dingy straw). „ 5. Cleodora rufescens (the dwarf wainscot). „ 6. Cleodora nebulea (the clouded wainscot). „ 7. CTeodora ochroleucella (the pale ochreous wainscot). „ 8. Cleodora lucidella (the Incid wainscot). „ 9. Cleodora falciformis (the hook-tipped). „ 10. Acompsis unitella (the brown gold). „ 11. Acompsis cinerella (the ash-coloured). „ 12. Acompsis tinctella (the tinted). „ 13. Macrochila fasciella (the long-winged). „ 14. Macrochila parenthesella (the parenthesis). „ IS. Macrochila marginella (the white-bordered). 10. Macrochila bicostella (the light streak). Plant. 17. Gentiana amarella (bitter Gentian). PLATE CIX. 194 Insects. 1. Aplota palpella (the dingy streak). „ 2. Jlacrochila Robertsonella (the Robertsonian). „ 3. Enicostoma Thunbergana (the Thunbergian). „ 4. Alabonia GeoffroyeUa (the Geoffrojian). FIG. PAGE Insects. 5. (Ecophora Oliviella (the OliTierian). „ 6. (Ecophora sulphureUa (the yellow underwing). „ /. Adela Latreillella (the Latreillian). „ 8. Adela Sultzella (the Sultzian). „ 9. Adela Degeerella (the Degeerian). „ 10. Adela fasciella (the copper japan). „ 11. Adela cuprella (the scabious long-horn). „ 12. Adela viridella (the green long-horn). „ 13. Adela Frischella (the Frischian). „ 14. Adela Swammerdamella (the Sw.ammerdamian). „ 13. Adela Panzerella (the Pauzerian). „ 16. Adela Robertella (the pale brown long-horn). Pla.st. 17. The Rock Cress. PLATE ex. 198 Insects. 1. Cochleophasia tessellea (the pale tesselated brown). 2. The Female. 3. Cochleophasia pubicornis (the pale dovray- horned). 4. Oporinia tortrieella (the pale chequered). 5. Oporinia nubilea (the clouded brown). 6. O.xypate gelatella (the autumnal dagger). 7. Dasystoma salicella (the rosy-day). 8. Cheimophila Phryganella (the drab-day). 9. Diurnea Fagella (the March dagger). 10. A large vai'iety. 11. Female. 12. Diurnea Novembris (the November dagger). 13. Semioscopis Avellanella (the hazel). 14. Semioscopis Steinkelnerana (the Steinkelnerlan). 15. Anesychia Echiella (the bordered Ermine). 16. Anesychia pusiella (the beautiful Ermine). 17. Anesychia dodecea (the scarce Ermine). 18. Anesychia funerella (the Funereal). 19. Anesychia cristella. 20. Yponomeuta Evonymella (the full-spotted Ermine). 21. Yponomeuta irrorella (the Surrey Ermine). 22. Yponomeuta coguatella (the allied Ermine). 23. Yponomeuta rosella (the few. spotted Ermine). 24. Yponomeuta padella (the common Ermine). 25. Yponomeuta plumbella (the Kent Ermine). PLATE CXI. 202 Insects. 1. Telea Curtisella (the Curtisian). 2. Telea Ambiguella (the small brown bar). 3. Telea Cratiegella (the whitethorn bar). 4. Telea Leucatella (the small white bar). .5. Telea Coraptella (the peacock's feather). 6. Telea Lutarella (the muddy ermine). 7. Telea Subfasciella (the slight barred). 8. Telea Cffisiella (the purple-edged). 9. Ederesa Semifusca (the long-winged white-back). 10. Ederesa Mendicella (the purple white-back). 11. Ederesa Albistria (the purple white-streak). 12. Ederesa pruuiella (the white-back). 13. Ederesa tetrapodella (the blotched white-back). c2 LIST OF PLATES. Insects. 14. Ederesa semipurpurella (the balf-purple). „ 15. Ederesa Curvella (the briadled white-back ermine). „ 16. Ederesa Clematella (the barred-white"). „ 17. Ederesa Ossea (the cream-coloured). „ 18. Ederesa Oceilea (the eyed wliite-back). „ 19. Argyrosetia Goedartella (the Goedartian). „ 20. Argyrosetia semifasciella (the short gold-bar). „ 21. Argyrosetia Brockella (the gold IW.) „ 22. Argyrosetia literella (the Greek-lettered gold). „ 23. Argyrosetia Aurivitella (the golden riband). „ 24. Argyrosetia Aurifaseiella (the gold-banded). „ 25. Argyrosetia I. V. ella (the gold IV.) PLATE CXII. 205 Insects. ]. Argyromiges Blancardella (the Blancardian). „ 2. Argyromiges Schreberella (the Schreberian). „ 3. ArgjTomiges Cydonidla (the bright speckled gold). 5, 4. Argyromiges Klemannella (the Klemannian). „ 5. Argyromiges Mespilella (the silver spotted gold). „ 6. Argyromiges Raiella (the RayianV „ 7. ArgjTomiges tristrigella (the treble spotted gold). „ 8. Argyromiges trifasciella (the tawny treble bar). „ 9. Argyromiges Han-isella (the Harrisian). „ 10. Argyromiges Cramerella (the Cramerian). „ 11. Argyromiges hortella (the porcelain). „ 12. Argyromiges sylvella (the dark porcelain). „ 13. Argyromiges cneulipenella (the cuckoo's feather). „ 14. Argyromiges Corylifoliella (the hazel red). „ 15. Argyromiges Ulmifoliella (the elm red). „ 16. Argyromiges Alnifoliella (the alder red) . „ 17. Argyromiges Obscurella (the dull red). „ 18. Argyromiges rufipuuctella (the red and white barred). „ 19. ArgjTomiges Autumnell.\ (the autumnal). „ 20. Argyromiges Nivella (the snowy). „ 21. Argyromiges semiaurella (the pale gold dot). „ 22. Argyromiges unipunctella (the simple dot). „ 23. Argyromiges Spartifoliella (the golden dot). „ 24. ArgjTomiges Clerckella (the Clerckian). „ 25. Heribeia Haworthana (the Haworthian). „ 26. Heribeia humerella (the shoulder stripe). „ 27. Heribeia Forsterella (the Fosterian). „ 28. Heribeia simpliciella (the simple shoulder stripe). „ 29. Heribeia Cognatella (the allied shoulder stripe). „ 30. Microsetia Sub-bistrigella (the double silver bar). „ 31. Microsetia Obsoletella (the obscure dot). „ 32. Microsetia exiguella (the small dot). „ 33. Microsetia Cinereo-punctella (the grey dotted brown). „ 34. Microsetia stipella (the triple gold spotted). „ 35. Microsetia guttella (the white spotted sable). „ 36. Microsetia quadrella (the silver spotted sable). FIG. PAI Insects. 37. Microsetia sequella (the silver blotched). 38. Microsetia pulchella (the small argent ai:d sable). 39. Microsetia bella (the beautiful argent and sable). 40. Microsetia nigrella (the small double silver bar). 41. Microsetia trimaculella (the cream spotted sable). 42. Microsetia sub-bimaculella (the brown spotttd sable). 43. Microsetia nigrociliella (the black edged sable). 44. Microsetia unifasciella (the silver barred brown). 45. Microsetia mediofasciella (the central silver bar). 46. Microsetia posticella (the pigmy silver bar). 47. Microsetia aurella (the diamond barred pigmy ). 48. Microsetia floslactella (the creamy pigmy). 49. Microsetia atricapitella (the black-headed pigmy). 50. Microsetia ruficapitella (the red-beaded piguiy). 51. Microsetia violacella (the violet pigmy). 52. Microsetia pygmjeella (the least pigmy). 53. Microsetia sericiella (the satin pigmy). 54. Microsetia aurofasciella (the gold banded). 55. Microsetia Gliechella (the Gleichian). 55. Microsetia Pfeifferella (the four spotted gold). PLATE C.XIII. 2i4 Insects. 1. Glyphipteryx Linnseella (the Linnsean). „ 2. Glyphiptery,\ Roesella (the Roeselian). „ 3. Glyphipteryx Zinckeila (the Zinckian). „ 4. Glyphipteryx SchEefferella (the SchEefferiau). „ 5. Glyphipteryx bimaculella (the orange blotched black). „ 6. Glyphipteryx eximia (the nonpareil). „ 7. Glyphipteryx metallella (the metallic) . „ 8. Glyphipteryx subcuprella (the coppery). „ 9. Gh'phipteryx auroguttella (the gold dotted). „ 10. Glyphipteryx variella (the variable). „ 11. Gh'phipteryx termiuella (Z)a/e). „ 12. Pancalia Leuwenhoekella (the Leuwenhoekian). „ 13. Pancalia Latreillella (the LatreUlian). „ 14. Pancaha Woodiella (the Woodian). „ 15. Pancalia fusco-senea (the brown brassy). „ 1 6. PancaUa fusco-cuprea (the brown copper). „ 17. Pancalia Meri.anella (the Merianian). „ 18. Callisto guttea (the white spotted brown). „ 19. Callisto Fyeslella (the Fuessliau). „ 20. Callisto fusco-cuprella (the browB copper). „ 21. Callisto fusco-viridella (the brown green). „ 22. Harfagus cinctella (the silver-barred sable). „ 23. Harfagus aJbistrigella (the white striped sable). „ 24. Astyages grandipenuis (the great raven feather). „ 25. Astyages cylindrella (the buff-blotched slender). „ 26. Astyages coracipennella (the small raven feather). „ 27. Astyages serratella, (the notched horn). „ 28. Astyages obscurella (the brown feather). I.IST OF PLATES. Fie. PACK Insects. 29. Astyages Grj-phipennella (the vulture feather^. „ 30. Astyages Intarea (the shining clay). „ 31. Astyages ochroleucella (the pale shining clay). „ 32. Astyages nigricella (the black fringed clay). „ 33. Astyages fiavicaput (the yellow-headed black). „ 34. Chrysocory sangustipeunella(thenarrow-wiiiged). „ 35. Metallosetia Spissicornis (the thick-horned green). „ 36. Metallosetia Trifolii (tlie Trefoil). „ 37. Jletallosetia brevicornis (the short-horned). ., 38. Porrectaria Anitipennella (the goose feather). „ 39. Porrectaria Otidipennella i the bustard featlier). „ 40. Porrectaria Anseripennella (the duck feather). „ 41. Porrectaria SiruthioDipennella (the ostrich feather). „ 42. Porrectaria oruatipennella (the silver-streaked liook tip). „ 43. Porrectaria Ochrea (the silver-streaked). PL.\TE CXIV. 222 Insects. 1. Porrectaria gailipennella (the cock's feather). „ 2. Porrectaria lineolea (the red-specked). „ 3. Porrectaria albicosta (the white-edged). „ 4. Porrectaria leucapennella (the lead-coloured). „ 5. Porrectaria argentula (the silvered) . „ 6. Aphelosetia aui-itella (the eared). „ 7. Aphelosetia cygnipennella (the swan's feather). „ 8. Aphelosetia semialbella (tlie half white). „ 9. Aphelosetia triatomea (the treble-atomed white). „ 10. Aphelosetia floslactis (the cream-coloured). „ 11. Aphelosetia nifocinerea (the red brindled). „ 12. Aphelosetia olaeella (the small shining brown). „ 1.3. Aphelosetia luci lelia (the lucid). ., 14. Aphelosetia rufipennella (the red feather). ,, 15. Aphelosetia fulvescens (the tawny). „ 16. Aphelosetia marginea (the bordered straw). „ 17. Batia lambdella (the tawny crescent). „ 18. Batia lunaris (the lesser tawny crescent). „ 19. Batia formosella. „ 20. Batia lutarella (the clay). „ 21. Batia saturatella (the dark clay). „ 22. Batia Panzerella (the Panzerian). „ 23. Batia flavifrontclla (the yellow head). „ 24. Acbroia alvearia (the honey). „ 25. Galleria cereana (the honeycomb). „ 26. The Caterpillar. „ 27. Ilythia sociella (the pale-shouldered). „ 28. Ilythia anella (the twin-spot). „ 28. Senta flammea (the flame). „ 30. Senta sericea (the silken). n 31. The Caterpillar. „ 32. Eudorea Portlandica. „ 33. Eudorea cembrella (the large gray). „ 34. Eudorea subfusca (the drab gray). „ 35. Eudorea dubitalis (the hoary gray). „ 36. Eudorea pjTalella (the yellow stigmaed gray). „ 37. Eudorea tristrigella (the three-streaked gray). „ 38. Eudorea pallida (the pale gray). „ 39. Eudorea lineola (the striped gray). „ 40. Eudorea mnrana (the wall-gray). „ 41. Eudorea resinea (the resin gray). PLATE CXV. PAGE 228 PIG. Insects. 1. Eudorea Angustea (the narrow-winged gray). „ 2. Eudorea pusilla. „ 3. Eudorea Mercurella (the small gray). „ 4. Phycita uebulella (tlie ermine knot horn). „ 5. Phycita biusevella (the double-blotched). „ 6. Phycita dilutella (the powdered knot horn). „ 7. Phycita elutella (the cinereous knot horn). „ 8. Phycita rufa (the rufous kuot horn) . „ 9. Phycita angustella (the small ermine knot horn). „ 10. Pliycita semirufa (the reJ-streaked knot horn). „ U. Phycita bistriga (the double stripped red knot horn). „ 12. Phycita tumidana (the warted knot liorn). „ 13. Phycita fascia (the broad barred knot horn). „ 14. Phycita advenella (the marbled broad barred knot horn). „ 15. Phycita marmorea (the marbled knot horn). „ 16. Phycita porphyrea (the porphyry kuot horn). „ 17. Phycita consociella (the allied knot horu). „ IS. Phycita Rhenella (the dove-coloured kuot horn). „ 19. Phycita Pinguis (the tabby kuot horn). „ 20. Phycita hostilis (the varied knot horn). „ 21. Phycita formosa (the beautiful kuot horn). „ 22. Phycita stigmatella. ,, 23. Phycita obtusa (the blunt-winged knot horn). „ 24. Phycita obscura (the obscure knot horu). „ 25. Phycita ornatella (the speckled knot horn). „ 26. Phycita Abietella (the pine knot horn). „ 27. Phycito Roborella (the doited knot horn). „ 28. Phycita Legatella (the plain knot horn). „ 29. Phycita fusca (the brown knot horn). ., 30. Phycita tristrigella (the three-streaked knot horn). „ 31. Phycita palumbella (the mealy knot horn). „ 32. Homceosoma gemma (the twin barred kuot horn) . „ 3.3. Homoeosoma cinerea. „ 34. Nemophila Hybridalis (the rush veneer). „ 35. Oncocera Cardui (the thistle ermine). „ 36. Oncocera Caruella (the rosy veneer). „ 37. Oncocerasanguinella (the buff-edged rosy veneer). „ 38. Ara.ves Sliniosella (the Hame veneer). „ 39. Araxes Lotella (the pale-edged flame veneer). „ 40. Araxes Ocellea (the necklace veneer) . „ 41. Araxes Alienella (the mouse-coloured veneer). „ 42. Prionapteryx nebulifera (the clouded veneer). PLATE CXVI. 234 Insects. 1. Crambus Lythargyrellus (the dark streaked satin veneer). „ 2. Crambus Argyreus (the streaked satin veneer). „ 3. Crambus Arbustorum (the yellow satin veneer). „ 4. Crambus Argeutellus (the white satin veneer). „ 5. Crambus dealbellus (the ivory veueer). „ 6. Crambus tentaculelius (ihe Portland veneer). „ 7. Crambus hamellus (the pearl streak veneer). „ 8. Crambus pascuellus (the inlaid veneer). „ 9. Crambus scoticus. 10. Crambus ericellus (the heath veneer). XV III LIST OP PLATES. FIG. rA Insects, 11. Crambus pratellus (the dark inlaid veneer). „ 12. Crarabas angustellus (the narrow winged veneer). „ 13. Crambus hortuellus (the garden veneer). „ 14. Crambus cespitellus (the straw coloured veneer). „ 15. Crambus montanellus (the dark mountain veneer). „ 16. Crambus marginellus (the bordered veneer). „ 17. Crambus Latistrius (the broad streaked veneer). „ 18. Crambus pinetellus (the pearl veneer). „ 19. Crambus Chrysonuehellus (the powdered veneer). „ 20. Crambus rorellus (the chalk hill veneer). „ 21. Crambus falsellus (the chequered veneer). „ 22. Crambus lutfeellus (the barred veneer). „ 23. Crambus tristis (the dingy veneer). „ 24. Crambus inquinatellus (the elbow striped veneer). „ 25. Crambus aridellus (the chalk veneer). „ 26. Crambus selasellus (the dark edged veneer). „ 27. Crambus Obtusellus (the blunt winged veneer). „ 28. Crambus petrificellus (the common veneer). ,, 29. Crambus aquilellus (the dusky yellow veneer). „ 30. Crambus palseellus (the large yellow veneer) . „ 31. Crambus culmorum (the brown edged veneer) , „ 32. Crambus fuscelinellus (the brown veneer). „ 33. Crambus nigristriellus (the black streaked veneer). „ 34. Crambus culmellus (the small straw-coloured). „ 35. Crambus cerusellus (the dark dwarf veneer). „ 36. Crambus pygm8eus. „ 37. A dark variety (the pigmy veneer). „ 38. Crambus radiellus (the streaked mountain veneer). J, 39. Crambus margaritellus (the pearl streaked veneer) . PLATE CXVII. 240 Insects — 1. Chilo forficeUus (the aquatic veneer). „ 2. Chilo fumeus (the smoky veneer). „ 3. Chilo punctigerellus (the dark wainscot veneer). „ 4. Chilo phragmitellus (the wainscot veneer). „ 5. Chilo gigantellus (the gigantic veneer) . „ 6. Theristis Acinacidella (the narrow-winged veneer). „ 7. Theristis nemorella (the pale hook-tip veneer). „ 8. Harpipteryx dentella (the tooth-streaked hook-tip). „ 9. Harpipteryx falcella (the dark hook-tip) . „ 10. Harpipteryx Scabrella (the wainscot hook-tip). „ 11. Hj-psolopha Asperella (the chequered hook-tip) . „ 12. Hypsolopha Antennella (the netted hook-tip). „ 13. Hypsolopha Persicella (the double-barred). „ 14, Choetochilus costellus (the white shouldered). „ 15. Choetochilus fissellus (the broad streak). „ 16. Choetochilus radiatellus (the radiated). „ 17. Choetochilus Variellus (the variable autumn). „ 18. A variety. „ 19. Choetochilus sylvellus (the wood autumn). „ 20. Choetochilus rufimitrellus (the red headed autumn). „ 21. Choetochilus maurellus (the dingy autumn). „ 22. Choetochilus vittelius (the black back). FIG. piGK Insect. 23. Choetochilus seqnellus (the small merveille du jour). Plant — 24. Silene Quinqnevulnera (variegated catchfly). PLATE CXVIII. 244 Insects. 1. Cerostoma porrectella (the gray streak). „ 2. Cerostoma annulatella (the annulated). „ 3. Cerostoma maeulipennis (the spotted winged). „ 4. Cerostoma Xylostella (the honeysuckle). „ 5. Tinea tapetzella (the black-cloaked woollen). „ 6. Tinea semifulvella (the fulvous-tip). „ 7. Tinea ustella (the white-backed black). „ 8. Tinea flavieostella. „ 9. Tinea fuscipuncteUa (the brown-dotted woollen). „ 10. Tinea pellionella (the single-spotted woollen). „ 11. Tinea nigripunctella (the many-spotted yellow). „ 12. Tinea albipunctella (the white-speckled black). „ 13. Tinea fiavescentella (the triple-spotted buff). „ 14. Tinea lappella (the triple-spotted yellow). „ 15. Tinea sulphurella (the sulphur). „ 16. Tinea destructor (the destructive). „ 1 7. Tinea cloaeella (the dark-mottled woollen). „ 18. Tinea granella (the mottled woollen). „ 19. Tinea parasitella (the light-brindled woollen). „ 20. Tinea corticella (the bark). „ 21. Euplocamus mediellus (the agaric). Plant. 22. Cucubalus Baecifer (Berry-bearing Campion). PLATE CXIX. 248 Insects. 1. Lepidocera Birdella (Mr. Bu-d's). 2. Lepidocera mediopectinella (the middle feathered). 3. Lepidocera taurella (the little bull). 4. Lepidocera cheuopodiella (the spotted bull). 5. Incurvaria masculella (the feathered diamond- back). 6. Incurvaria pectinella (the feathered twin spot), 7. Incurvaria Oehlmanniella (Oehlmann's). 8. Incurvaria spuria (the spurious treble-spot). 9. Incurvaria tripunetella (the trebled-spotted). 10. Incurvaria rufimitrella. 1 1 . Amaurosetia oppositella (the two-spotted brown) . 12. Amaurosetia quadripunctella (the double-spotted brown). 13. Amaurosetia minutella (the double gold-spotted), 14. Amaurosetia cerusella (the triple-spotted white). 15. Amaurosetia Albinella (Albin's). 16. Amaurosetia Megerlella (Megerle's). 1 7. Amaurosetta albifrontella (the white fronted). Plant. 18. Fumaria officinalis (common Fumitory). PLATE CXX, 250 Insects. 1. Lampronia Capitella, (the triple-spotted black). 2. Lampronia prselatella (the spotted violet). 3. Lampronia flavipunctella (the 4-spotted brown). 4. Lampronia formosella. 5. Lampronia Margiue-punetella (the dotted border). 6. Lampronia Melanella (the white-spotted black). LIST OF PLATES. Insects. 7. Lampronia Atrella (the dingy black speckled). „ 8. Lampronia Corticella (the golden-speckled black). „ 9. Lampronia rupella (the four-spotted black). „ 10. Eriocephalasubpurpurella(thepurpleunderwing). „ 11. Eriocephala serai-purpui'ella (the half-purplish undcrwing). „ 12. Eriocephala purpurella (the purple upperwiug). „ 1 3. Eriocephala auropurpurella (the gold-brindled purple). „ 14. Eriocephala rubroaurella (the red-gold). „ 15. Eriocephala Hellwigella (the red-barred gold). „ 16. Eriocephala sanguiuella (the scirlet-barred gold). „ 17. Eriocephala Calthella (the small-gold). ,, 18. Eriocephala Concinnella (the neat). „ 19. Eriocephala Seppella (.Sepp's). „ 20. Eriocephala Ammanella (the single-spotted gold). „ 21. Eriocephala bistrigella (the silver-striped gold). Plant. 22. Corydalis lutea (the Yellow Fumitoi-j). PLATE CXXI. 254 Insects, 1. Euspilaptery.x auroguttella (the gold dotted). „ 2. Gracillaria nebulea (the nebulous slender). „ 3. Gracillaria meleagripennella (the turkey's fea- ther). „ 4. Gracillaria syringella (the confluent bai'red). „ 5. Gi-acillaria einerea (the double-barred slender). „ 6. Gracillaria V-flava (the yellow V). „ 7. Gracillaria versicolor (the changeable). „ 8. Gracillaria substriga (the obscure streaked). „ 9. Gracillaria semifascia (the semi-white bar). „ 10. Gracillaria purpurea (the triangle-marked purple). Plant. 11. Verbascumpulverulentum(thepowderedmullein). PLATE CXXII. 256 Insects. Plant. 1. Gracillaria stigmatella (the triangle-marked red). 2. Gracillaria ochracea (the triangle-marked ochre). 3. Gracillaria Thunbergella (Thunberg's). 4. Gracillaria hemidactylella (the mottled red). 5. Gracillaria rufipennella (the dull red). 6. Gracillaria elongella (the plain red>. 7. Gracillaria violacea (the slender violaceous). 8. Gracillaria roscipennella (the livid slender). 9. Gracillaria leucapcnnella (the pale slender). 10. Gracillaria sulphurella (the sulphur). 11. Gracillaria pra^angusta (the poplar slender). 12. Geranium Robertianum (Herb-Robert). PLATE CXXIII. 258 Insects. 1. Agdistes Bennetii (the plumeless plume). „ 2. Pterophorus Pentadactj lus (the large white plume). Insects. 3. Pterophorus Spilodactylus (the worm-wood plume). 4. Pterophorus Galactodactylus (the spotted white plume). .■>. Pterophorus Bipunctidactylus (the grey-wood plume). fi. Pterophorus Fuscodactylus (the brown wood plume). 7. Pterophorus Pterodactylus (the common plume). 8. The Caterpillar. 9. The Chrysalis. 10. Pterophorus Monodactylus (the hoary plume). 11. Pterophorus Tephradactylus (the plain plume). 12. Pterophorus Tridactylus (the dotted-bordered plume). 13. Pterophorus Niveidactylus (the snowy plume). 14. Pterophorus Tetradactylus (the white-shafted plume). 15. Pterophorus Carphodactylus (the citron plume). 16. Pterophorus Ochrodactylus (the ochreous plume). 17. Pterophorus Leucodactylus (the lemon plume). 18. Pterophorus Lunredactylus (the crescent plume). 19. The caterpillar of Porrectaria Anatipenella, figured in Plate 113, fig. 38. Plant. 20. Convolvulus Arvensis (common Bindweed). PLATE CXXIV. 260 Insects. 1. Pterophorus pallidaetylus (the pale-plume). ., 2. Pterophorus migadactylus (the chalk-pit plume). „ 3. Pterophorus similidactylus (the du.sky-plume). „ 4. Pterophorus trigonodactylus (the triangle plume). „ 5. Pterophorus rhododactylus (the rose-plume). „ 6. The Caterpillar. „ 7. The Chrysalis. „ 8. Pterophorus calodactylus (the beautiful plume) . 9. The Caterpillar. 10. The Chrysalis. „ 11. Pterophorus tesserad,actylus (the marbled- plume). ., '12. Pterophorus punctidactylus (the brindled-plume). 13. Pterophorus eosmodactylus (the dark-brindled plume). „ 14. Pterophorus didaetylus (the spotted rusty plume). ., 1 5. Pterophorus heterodactylus (the spotted black plume). „ Hi. Pterophorus microdactylus (the small plume). „ 17. The CaterpiUar. „ 18. Pterophorus microdactylus (the Chrysalis) . „ 19. Alucita hexadactyla (the six-cleft plume). „ 20. Alucita polydactyla (the many-cleft plume). „ 21. Alucita paicilodactyla (the dark six-cleft plume). Plants. 22. Gentiana acaulis (Dwarf Gentian). „ 23. Ononis procurrens (trailing Rest-Harrow). BRITISH MOTHS THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. FAJIILY X. GEOMETRID^. This family is of scarcely less extent than the Noctuidse, from which, as well as from the Linnaean Bombyces, its species are distinguished by the general weakness of structure and slenderness of body, but more particu- larly by the remarkable peculiarities and geometric mode of progression of the caterpillars ; whence has been derived the family name, derived from the Greek, and meaning " measurers of the ground." The head is of moderate size ; the maxillae short and weak, being nearly membranous ; the labial palpi small and cylindrical • the antennce variable, being strongly bipectinated in the males of some species, but simple in otliers ; the wings are of large size and of various outline, being often extended horizontally, although in a few species they are carried vertically. We here find no traces of the curious characteristic markings of the Noctuidse : the thorax is never crested ; the legs are slender ; the anterior tibife being armed internally with a spur, and the posterior with two pairs of those appendages. The caterpillars are called loopers, or geometricians, and have generally three pairs of pectoral, and only one (the hindmost) pair of ventral prolegs, with a pair of anal feet ; and hence, in walking, they first fix themselves firmly by means of their anal and ventral feet ; they tlien extend the body to its greatest length, fixing themselves by their fore feet, and then drawing the hind part of tlie body as close after them as possible, so as to form an arch, like a pair of compasses, fixing their hind feet, and proceeding again as before. Their muscular power is very great, and hence their positions during repose are very striking. Fixing themselves by their anal feet alone, they extend their bodies in a straight line, directed upwards, and holding themselves at an angle in this position for a great length of time. This, together v^'ith their obscure colours and the warts which their bodies exhibit, renders it often quite difficult to distinguish them from the twigs of the trees on which they feed. Mr. Stephens describes the larvae of some genera as possessing twelve, and others fourteen feet ; and in a species figured by De Geer (Mem. torn. i. pi. 25, fig. 1 — 7), the larva has three pairs of ventral feet, the first and second of which are very minute. These caterpillars vary in their outward appearance, as will be seen by comparing our different plates. They feed on the leaves of various trees and plants, and have the instinct, when alarmed, of dropping from the leaves and suspending themselves by a thread, which enables them to remount when the danger is past. The chrysalides are of a conical form, with the head rounded. They are either naked or suspended by the tail, or inclosed in a very slender cocoon, which is rarely subterranean, and ofttimes placed amongst dry leaves, &c. In the perfect state, these insects offer very little variation in their habits, fl3nng sluggishly in the twilight or when disturbed during the day, and quickly settling again amongst the foliage of woods and hedges. la VOL. II. B 2 BRITISH MOTHS their colours they are much more beautifully ornamented than the Noctuidae, and many species have a broad wavy band across the fore wings, whence they have obtained the name of carpet-moths ; they never exceed a moderate size. In a few species, the females are almost or entirely destitute of wings, and some of these, as Cheimatobia brumata, are exceedingly injurious to fruit-trees, devouring the tender shoots and leaves in the sprincr (see Kollar's work on Noxious Insects) ; whilst Bupalus piniarius is sometimes equally destructive in the pine-forests of Germany. (See Silbermann, Eev. Ent. No. 9.) Of the relations of these insects but little can be said. The larger species with feathered male antenns, as Latreille long ago remarked, exhibit so strong a relation to some of the Bombycidse, that it would be rash, looking at the imagines alone, to assert that the relation was not one of affinity. The terminal Noctuida, as we have already shown, are, in several respects, very much allied to this family, whilst some of our fanciful entomologists have imagined a relation between the swallow-tailed butterfly and the swallow-tailed moth, because each of their hind wings happens to terminate in an elongated appendage. llr. Curtis proposes to divide these insects into two families, characterised by the structure of the male antenna, but such a step would imnaturally break many strong relations, as pointed out by Mr. Stephens in his " Illustrations," (vol. iii. p. 143). Platypteryx constitutes an anomalous group, which, in the imago state, seems to be one of the types of form of this family ; but its larva is altogether distinct, and more nearly resembles that of Cerura. But this relation is so slight, that Latreille has evidently confounded analogy with affinity, in uniting them into one tribe, which he named Aposura, the larvee being destitute of anal feet. The comparatively little which is known of the transformations of this family, and our ignorance of the exotic groups, arising from the neglect with which the smaller exotic Nocturnal Lepidoptera liave been treated, render the classifications hitherto proposed of these, and indeed of all the subsequent families of moths, very unsatisfactory. An elaborate examination of their characters, as exhibited in their different states, and extended over the exotic as well as native species, will alone determine the propriety of the establishment of many of the genera which have already been proposed, and which are adopted in the following pages. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LVII. Insrcts. — Fig, 1. Psodos trepidaria (the black mountain-moth). ,, Fig. 2. Psodos alpinata (the gold four-spot). ,, Fig. 3. Speranza brunneata (the Rannoch Looper). ,. Fig. 4. Speranza Limbaria (the frosted yellow). 5. The Caterpillar, ,, Fig. 6. Bupalus piniarius (the bordered white). 7. The Female. ,, Fig, 8. Fidonia atomaria (the common heath). 9, Another variety. 10. A Female, ,, Fig, 11, Fidonia fuliginaria (the waved black). 12, The Caterpillar, ,, Fig, 13. Fidonia ericetaria (the bordered gray). 14. The Female, ,, Fig, 15, Ma;sia Favillacearia (the gray scalloped bar), ,, Fig, IG, Hybernia leucophearia (the spring usher). 17. A variety. ,, Fig. 18. Anisopteryx jEscularia (the March moth). 19, The Female, ,, Fig. 20. Hybernia Capreolaria (the dotted border). 21. The Female. 22. The Caterpillar. T, Fig. 23. Hybernia prosapiaria (the ecarce umber). 24. The Female. Insects. — Fig. 25. Hybernia defoliaria (the mottled umbre). 2C. A variety. 27. A variety. 28. The Female. 29, The Caterpillar, Plants — Fig. 30, Cytisus scoparius (common broom). The whole of the insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, who has, on this and numerous other occasions, most liberally allowed me to talte all the insects I required to my own house, for the purpose of copying even unique specimens of great value. I have only given three varieties of Atomaria, but they are three of the most striking; for to give every intermediate gradation connecting the three distinctly-marked varieties figured, would have filled the plate. The females vary as much as the males. The same remark will apply to Defoliaria, with the exception of the female, which is apterous. The female of Capreolaria from a specimen sent me by Mr. H. Doubleday, is, he informs me, usually placed in cabinets as the female of Leucophearia; but he has had abundant opportunities this spring of proving that such is not the case. The female of Leucophearia, Mr. E, Doubleday informs me, is perfectly apterous. The caterpillars are from Hiibner and Freyer. H. N. H. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 3 PSODOS, Treitschke. The wings are broad and rounded ; the antennae simple in both sexes ; the spiral tongue long and slender ; the palpi small, porreeted, and densely clothed with long hairs, the terminal joint being very minute. Mr. Curtis considers this genus as forming the connecting link between this family and the Noctuidae, by means of the genus Brepha ; but Boisduval places it at the end of the Gcometridaj, regarding it as forming the passage to the Pyralidse by means of tlie genus Ilercyna. The transformations are, unfortunately, unknown. The species are Alpine. Boisduval separates Equestrata, under the generic name of Torula, on account of the difference in the markings and habit of the wings. Species 1. — Psodos thepidaria''. — (Plate LVII., Fig. 1.) — Expanse, J. inch. Blackish brown ; fore wings rather narrow, sooty black at base, with a very short, almost obsolete black line ; a nearly central, oblique, dark fascia, with crenated edges ; dilated towards the costa, inclosing a black dot ; beyond this, in certain lights, is to be seen a broad, nearly obsolete striga, of a pale blackish hue, terminating in a black costal spot : hind wings nearly concolorous, blackish brown, but with indications of spots and strigaa, as in the fore ones ; apical margin of all the vrings spotted with black. Very rare. Found, at the end of June and beginning of July, on the summit of the mountains of Scotland. ■ SvNoNTME. — Geametra trcpidaria, Hubner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Curtis ; Wood, Ind. Eat. fig. 449. Species 2. — Psodos alpinata''. — (Plate LVII., Fig. 2.) — Expanse one inch. All the wings brown black, with a large, irregularly oval patch of orange beyond the middle of each wing. Probably not truly British. Two specimens in Mr. Curtis's collection are stated by Haworth to have been taken at Hoi wood, (Holywell,) near Bromley, in Kent, by Mr. Plastead. It is found on the Alps in July. '■ Synonymes.— GeoTTie/ro alpinata, Wien. Vera.; Treitschke ; Geome Synonvmf.s. — Phol. Geom. ericetaria, Villers; Haworth; | Geomeira plumistraria, Huhncr. .Stephens ; Wood, fig. 457. I Geomeira subfimbriala, Haworth, in Ent. Trans., O. S. 1, 330. M.ESIA, STEPHE.N-S. BUPALUS, Curtis. The palpi are not concealed in the hairs of the front of the head ; they are squamosa, with the terminal joint small and globose ; the antennae are less strongly bipectinated in the males than in the preceding genus ; the wings are deflexed during repose, the hind ones covered by the fore ones, and irrorated with a dark central dot and strigae of dusky markings ; the female is smaller than the male. Species 1. — M^esia favillaceauia'. — (Plate LVII., Fig. 15.) — This variable species measures about H inch „ in the expanse of the fore wings, which in the males are of a pale ashy white, the middle with a pale butF tinge, and ''' finely powdered with dusky atoms ; a dark spot at the extremity of the discoidal cell in all the wings, preceded ,^ in the fore wings by a slender dark scalloped striga, and followed by a much curved row of dusky arches, (extending also across the hind wings,) and which are more or less suflfused towards the apical and anal angles ; the margins of the wings with small dusky dots. Tiie female is considerably smaller aud darker coloured, being more thickly irrorated with dusky scales. Originally taken in Yorkshire, but more recently found in some plenty settling in the heathy places where the turf has been pared off in the New Forest, from the middle of May to the middle of July, and, unlike several of the preceding species, " nothing apparently will induce it to fly during the day." — Curtis. ' Sykonyhes. — Geomeira favillacearia, HUbner; Haworth ; Cur- i Geomeira mediopunclaria, Donovan, 13, pi. 461, Cg. 1. ti>, Brit. Ent. pi. 33 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 458; Harris, Aurclian, | Geomeira Belgiaria, Hubner. pi. 33, fig. m. -ft 6 BRITISH MOTHS ANISOPTERYX, Stephens, Boisduval. HYBERNIA, p. Coetis. The fore wings in the males of this genus are long, entire, and of a very delicate structure ; the antennas of the males very slender and finely bipectinated ; the palpi short ; the spiral tongue scarcely distinct ; the thorax weak and villose ; the abdomen slender ; the female with very short rudiments of wings ; the larva smooth, slightly elongated, and twelve-footed ; it feeds on the leaves of trees. Species 1. — Anisoptbrtx iEscinARiA''. — (Plate LVII,, Figs. 18, 19.) — This species measures from H to 1|- inch in the expanse of the fore wings of the males, which are of a pale glossy ashy-brown colour, with a central, broad, slightly dusky fascia, outwardly edged with a white dentated line, and an oblique brown line, which extends to the tip of the wing from the outer angle of the preceding striga ; the hind wings with a dusky central dot and an indistinct fascia ; the caterpillar is green, with pale longitudinal lines ; it feeds on the horse- chestnut and other trees, and the imago appears in March. '' Synontme. — Geometra ^scularia, Wien. Verz ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 460, a and n. Geometra murinaHa, Esper. HYBERNIA Latreille, (LAMPETIA, Stephens, glim.) These insects have the sexes also very dissimilar, the females being entirely or nearly destitute of wings ; the palpi very minute and the spiral tongue almost obsolete, being formed of two short lanceolate lobes, to which are attached a pair of minute 3-jointed maxUlary palpi ; the antennae are slender and bipectinated in the males ; the wings in the males are large but weak. The caterpillars are smooth, slender, elongated, and ten-footed ; they feed on the leaves of trees and the perfect insects appear in the winter and spring. Species 1. — Htbernia leucophearia '. — (Plate LVII., Figs. 16, 17.) — The males of this species vary from 1^ to If- inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are variable in their colour, being of a pale ashy tint, more or less saturated, und clouded with dark scales ; an incurved slender fascia before, and another deeply waved beyond the middle, followed by a dark cloud-like fascia, considerably mottled. The hind wings mottled, and with dusky clouds near the anal angle. Our English Entomologists appear to have regarded as the female of this species, that of H. capreolaria (our figure 21) and vice versa. The observations of Captain Chawner and Mr. H. Doubleday have, however, satisfactorily proved the incorrectness of this supposition ; the true female of Leucophearia being entirely wingless. A common species, which flies in woods round London and other parts of the country, in February and March, preferring places where oaks abound, and flitting about with an undulating motion by day, between the hours of eleven and two, p.m., and rarely ascending higher than the tops of the underwood. ' Synonvmes Geometra leucophearia, Wien. Verz.; Hiibner; Haworth; Stephens; "Wood, fig. 459 a. (male), 461 n. (female); Harris, Aurelian, pi. 43, figs, m, n, o, q. Species 2. — Hybeknia capreolaria". — (Plate LVII., Figs. 20, 21, 22.) — This species measures from 1^ to rather more than 1-j't; inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a brownish or reddish buff colour, thickly irrorated with dark atoms, and with a nearly straight, slender, dark striga before the middle of the wing, and another much bent towards the costa beyond the middle, beyond which is a broad darker bar, with a row of .c • pale spots ; the apical margin with a row of dark dots ; hind wings with a central dark dot and evanescent Hsffi^jM . ' fascia ; the female with riidiments of wings, the anterior ones being obliquely truncate, of an ashy brown colour, "f' ''■ . with three transverse strigre on the fore wings, and two on the hind ones. The caterpillar is light fulvous ; tUt Geometra nigricaria, Haworth ; Hiibner. Geometra marmorinaria, Esper. ri.58. « 8 BRITISH MOTHS PHIGALIA, D0PONCHBL. (HIBERNIA, pars. Boisduval.) This genus is closely allied to the preceding, but the body is very much more robust; the antennae more strongly bipectinated ; the wings are large, broad, triangular, and villose ; the palpi very short, and concealed by the hairs of the face ; the larvte are ten-footed, cylindrical, and smooth, very slightly setose, and with a bifid tubercle on the eleventh segment of the body. Species 1. — PhigaliapilosariaP. — (Plate LVIII., Figs. 1, 2.) — Varies from 1^ to If inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a greenish mouse colour, with four dusky spots on the costa, equidistant ; the first being near the base and the last near the tip of the ■^jjng ; from each of these proceeds a more or less distinct, curved, dusky striga, which is often almost evanescent ; the hind wings are nearly similar in colour, but rather paler, with only one striga ; the cilia with an interrupted striga at the base. The female is dusky-coloured, with a pale line down the back ; it has very small rudiments of wings. The caterpillar is varied with yellow, brown, ferruginous, and black ; the head, legs, and tail being rusty red. It feeds on the oak, whitethorn, &c., in the summer, and the moth appears in March, and is a rather abundant and widely dispersed species. P Synonymes. — Geometra pilosaria, Wicn. Verz. ; Hiibner; Albin, pi. 91, fig. e — i ; Wilkes, pi. 87 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 465 a and n ; Geometra plumaria, Esper. PhaI(EJia pedaria^ Fabricius ; Haworth. Geometra hyemaria, Boikhausen. NYSSIA, DupoNCHEL. (AMPHIDASIS, pars. Treitschke.) The wings in this group are much smaller than in Phigalia, to which it is, however, very closely related ; the antenucE of the males are strongly bipectinated, the pectinations not extending quite to the tip ; the palpi are very small, and densely pilose, being concealed by the hairs of the front of the head. The female has short rudiments of wings, or is entirely apterous, and the caterpillars are naked, cylindrical, and ten-footed. Species 1. — Nyssia hispidaria 'i. — (Plate LVIII., Figs. 3, 4.) — The male measures li inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are ashy-gray, and powdered with dusky atoms, with an incurved striga near the base, another much curved beyond the middle, with a spot or indistinct striga between them, and a strongly dentated subapical one, the space beyond being paler ; the cilia of all the wings spotted with large dusky dots, and the hind wings with an indistinct striga. The female is dark gray-brown. The caterpillar is brown, with dark spots j it feeds on the elm, and the perfect insect appears from the end of January to April. Mr. Matthews has also taken it in September. It is not a rare species, and is taken on the trunks of oaks and other trees. Nyssia tauaria, Newman (Ent. Mag. 1, 413), has been regarded as a variety of this species. — " Brown gray ; mesothorax, with its anterior margin and a longitudinal central line, forming together the letter T, black : fore wings tawny-gray, transversely and irregularly waved with dark brown ; exterior margin with a wide irregular band of pale brown ; cilise of the same colour, having a row of black dots internally ; hind wings pale brown, with a black spot at the anal angle." Expansion of the fore wings 1^ inch. Taken at Leominster, in June. 1 Synonymes. — Geometra hispidaria, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 466, a and n. Phalaena ursularia, Donovan, vol. ,-siii., pi. 447. Species 2. — Nyssiazonaria''. — (Plate LVIII., Figs. 5, 6, 70 — This pretty species measures 1^ inch in the expanse of the fore wings of the male, which are grayish-black, varied with white markings ; a bar of the latter colour extending from the base to beyond the middle, intersected by the black veins and followed by two slender white striga, nearly parallel with tlie apical margin ; hind wings white at the base ; apical portion grayish-black, with a broadish white bar, succeeded by a narrow and occasionally obsolete one. The head and thorax are AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 9 loncitudinally striped witli black and white, and the abdomen has slender orange edges to the segments. Tlie female is black, clothed with whitish hairs, and the abdominal segments are margined with orange ; the wings appear in the shape of four small hairy scales. The caterpillar is green, the middle part of the segments being palest above, with a yellow longitudinal stripe on each side, and with a small and black ocellus on each side of the abdominal segments. The larvw vary however, as some, which were hatched from eggs sent me by Mr. Gregson, were darker than in lliibner's figure, copied in our plate. It feeds on Acliillea millefolia, and other low herbaceous plants, and the perfect insect is found in the months of February, March and April, and again in June and July, in various situations on the banks of the river Mersey, especially near Black Rock, where it has occasionally appeared in considerable numbers, and where it was first discovered in 1829. The chrysalides are buried at 2 or 3 inches' depth below the surface of the sand, as I am informed by 5Ir. Gregson of Liverpool. ' Stnonymes. — Phalana zonaria, Wicn. Verz. ; Hijbncr ; Treitschkc; Duponchel ; Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 615 ; Wood, fig. 1674, a — n. BISTON, Leach. AMPHIDASIS, Boisduval. These insects are the most robust of all the Geometridae, having much the appearance of some of tiie Bombycidae ; the antennre of the males are strongly bipectinatcd, the pectinations not extended quite to the tip, except in B. prodromarius ; the palpi very short and hirsute ; the spiral tongue almost obsolete ; the head not very prominent ; the wings strong ; the abdomen thick and conical ; and the female furnished with fully- developed wings. The caterpillars are long, cylindrical, slightly tubercled, with the head more or less bifid. They feed on the leaves of trees, and the pupa is buried beneath the surface of the ground. Species 1. — Biston prodromarius.* (Plate LVIII., Figs. 8, 9, 10). — This handsome insect varies from l^to rather more than 2 inches (the female exceeding the male in size), in the expanse of the fore wings, which have the ground thickly irrorated with black scales, and a black transverse striga, much waved, near the base of the fore w^ing, preceded by a reddish-brown bar ; a second red-brown broad fascia crosses the wings obliquely beyond the middle, edged on each side with an irregular, dentate, black striga ; a dusky fascia crossing the hind wings beyond the middle. The female is large, with the markings more strongly indicated. The antennae of the males are pectinated to the tip, and of a reddish-gray colour ; the central bar alternately black and white. The caterpillar is ashy or brown coloured, with darker markings, and with white dots and tubercles, varying in size. It feeds on the oak, birch, &c., in the summer, and the moth appears in the following March and April, frequenting oak woods, and occurring in various places, but by no means abundantly. ' Synonvmes — Phaliena prodromaria^ Wicn. Vcrz. ; Fabricius ; I Geometra marmoraria, Esper. Harris, Exp. pi. xiii. f. 4 ; Ponoran, 7, pi. 219 ; Haworth; Stephens; Plialiena sirataria, Hufimgie. Wood, fig. 467. I Species 2. — Biston betularius.' — (Plate LVIII., Figs. II, 12, 13). — This species measures from H to 2i- inches in the expanse of the fore win"s, which, as well as the body and hind wings, are of a white colour, thickly sprinkled with black dots, forming clouds, and sometimes also two angulated streaks, one before and the other behind the middle, and irregular blotches running from the costa ; there is also a submarginal series of dark patches, which also extend along the margin of the hind wings, the latter having a central lunule and a slender flexuous streak ; the extent of these irroratiors is very variable, causing the wings to have a paler or darker appearance ; the antennae of the males are not pectinated quite to the tips. The female is larger than the male. The caterpillar is cylindrical, greenish, hazel, ochraceous brown, or very deep brown, with paler stripes, and tlie VOL. II. c 10 BRITISH MOTHS eighth and eleventh segments often bearing a pair of tubercles tipped with black or brown. It feeds on the elm, oak, &c., at the beginning of September, and the moth appears in June, frequenting woods in various parts of the kingdom. ^Synonymes. — Phalcena Geom. betularia, hiuTiscMS ; A\hin,^\. 40. I Wilkes, pi. 77; Harris, Aurelian, pi. 18, fig. a — f; Haworth ; fig. 64^ a— d, pi. 41, fig. 66, and pi. 91, fig. a— d, pi. 92, fig. a— d ; | Donovan, 7, pi. 237 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 468. Geometra Ulmaria, Borkhausen. Species 3. — Biston hirtarius." — (Plate LIX., Figs. 14, 15.) — This species measures from li to nearly 2 inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a dark luteous gray, or brown colour, thickly irrorated with fine dusky atoms, and three or four dark strigse, which are more or less conspicuous, and generally equidistant, but sometimes more or less confluent on the hind margin ; of these, one beyond the middle is the broadest and most curved ; the hind wings are similarly coloured, having generally three nearly obsolete, dusky, equidistant, slender strigse. The female differs, in having the wings less thickly clothed with scales, which renders them more transparent, and the fascias less distinct ; the antennae in the males are not quite feathered to the tips. The caterpillars vary considerably in colour, being generally of a greenish brown, with grayish markings and pale stripes, and with numerous small tubercles ; they feed on various fruit-trees, as well as on privet, lime, and elm, and undergo the change to the chrysalis state about the beginning of July; and the moths appear in the following April. It is a very common species. « Synonymes. — PhaliBna Geometra hirtariaj Linnaeus ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Albin, pi. 39, fig. 62, a — d ; "Wilkes, pi. 70 ; Hanis, Aurelian, pi. 9, fig. a — f ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 469. Geometra congeneraria^ Hiibner ; Haworth (variety). Geometra contiguaria, Borkhausen. Geometra fumaria, Haworth (variety). DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LIX. Insects, — Fig. 1. Himera peunaria (the October moth). 2. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 3. Crocallis elinguaria (the scolloped oak). 4. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 5. Odontopera bidentata (the scalloped hazel). 6. The Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 7. Geometra Tiltaria (the canary-shouldered thorn). 8. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 9. Geometra erosaria (the September thorn). 10. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 11. Geometra angularia (the clouded August thorn). 12. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 13. Geometra illunaria (the early thorn). 14. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 15, Geometra lunarta (the lunar thorn). 16. The Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 17. Geometra delunaria. „ Fig. 18. Geometra illustraria (the purple thorn). ,, Fig. 19. Geometra sublunaria, a variety of illustraria. ,, Fig. 20. Geometra fuscantaria. ., Fig. 21. Pericallia Syringaria (the lilac beauty). Caterpillar and Chrysalis without number in Plate 60. ,, Fig. 22. Angerona prunaria (the orange moth). 23. The female. 24. A variety of the female. 25, The Caterpillar. Insects. — Fig. 26, Rumia cratsegata (the brimstone moth). 27. The Caterpillar. 28. A variety of the Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 29. Ourapterynsambucaria (sfhe swallow-tailed moth). 30, The Caterpillar. 31. The Cocoon, mis- numbered as 13, ,, Fig. 32. Campaea margaritaria (the light emerald), ,, Fig, 33. EUopia fasciaria (the barred red). The whole of the insects figured in this plate, with the exception of Cratsegata, Prunaria, and Sambucaria, from Mr. H. Doubleday, are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. Geometra angularia is from a female specimen, as that sex exhibits more strongly the angulated irregularity of the edge of the wings. Its varieties, Quercinaria, Quercaria, &c., &c., I have not thought suffi- ciently characteristic to require a figure. Nor have I thought it neces- sary to figure the small variety of Illunaria, called Juliaria, I selected the bordered variety of A. Prunaria as that most commonly taken ; but Mr, E. Doubleday assures me that it is unusual in some places, and on the Continent (in some parts) extremely rare. The female variety without any markings, is from a specimen taken by myself at Birch "Wood. All the caterpillars are from Huboer. H. N. H. HIMERA, DupoNCHEL. METRA, Stephens' Cat. The antennse of the males are very strongly bipectinated ; the palpi villose and shorter than the clypens, the thorax moderately robust, and very densely clothed with long hairs ; the wings are slightly notched, and marked with a central broad bar, inclosing a discoidal spot ; the female is winged, but generally smaller than ri -59 AND THEIR TRANSFORM ATIONS. H the male. The caterpillar is thick and smooth, with ten feet, the thoracic segments scutellated, and the penultimate one bimucronate. Species 1. — Himera pennaria*. — (Plate LIX., Figs. 1, 2.) — Varies from H to 2i inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a reddish buflf colour, slightly freckled with dusky atoms, and marked with two oblique bars of purplish brown (sometimes confluent behind, which is the G. bifidaria of Haworth) between which is a small spot of the same colour, and a white dot near the apex of the wing ; the hind wings paler at the base, with a single striga behind the middle, which is almost obsolete in the females. It is a variable species in the depth of the ground colour of the wings, and the intensity of the irrorations. The caterpillar is grayish brown, varied with irregular white markings, especially down the middle of the back and sides ; the penultimate segments with two short spines, and the thoracic ones with red dorsal patches. It feeds on oak and other forest trees, and the moth appears at the end of the autumn, and is a common and widely-dispersed species. * SrnofrvMrs. — PhalneT; Esper ; Boisduval. c 2 12 BRITISH MOTHS GEOMETRA, Leach, Stephens. ENNOMOS, Duponch., Boisduval. I have followed Leach and Stephens in giving to the Thorn Moths the name applied by Linnaeus to the entire group of Looper Jloths, in preference to that of Ennomos, the type of which, as first proposed by Treitschke, was the Phalsena flexula ; for which Mr. Stephens has retained the name of Ennomos. These Thorn Moths, however, can scarcely be conceived to have been regarded by Linnaeus as typical of the group ; for neither do they occur at the head of his section, nor will their larvee agree with his observation, " Harum pectinicornium larva inprimis referunt ita ramulum ultimum, cui, insident, ut difficile ab eo distinguantur." (Linn. Syst. Nat. Ed. 12, 2, p. 858, note.) The French Lepidopterists, indeed, give the name of Geometra to G. papilionaria, which species was placed by Linnaeus in the middle of his second section of the group. The species of the present genus are distinguished by their elongated palpi ; male antennae bipectinated to the tips ; strongly denticulated wings, which are elevated in repose, semewhat like those of butterflies ; the larvae are variable, but often singularly nodose ; and their third pair of feet are larger than the preceding pairs. The synonymy of the species is very much involved. SECTION I. — Autumnal Species. Hind wings distinctly angulated ; pectinations of antenna elongated. Species 1. — Geometra Tiliaria''. — (Plate LIX., Figs. 7) 8.) — This species varies from lA to H inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a fulvous colour, irrorated with brown, and with two subincurved brown strigae, and a slight line at the extremity of the discoidal cell ; the hind wings less strongly atomose, with a somewhat obsolete striga in the middle ; the thorax is robust and sulphur-coloured. The caterpillar is furnished on the back with several pairs of acute tubercles ; it is of a brown colour, varied with dark brown and gray markings, and pale buff irregular streaks. It feeds on the lime, alder, and other trees, and the moth appears in August, and is very common. Geometra canaria, Hiibner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 474, is a probable variety, with paler vsings, destitute of dusky irrorations. '' S-iNONYMES. — Geometra Tiliaria, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 473 (not Tiliaria, Haworth, which is prohably a variety of Angularia). Geometra alniaria, Haworth, but not of Liungeus nor of Donovan. Species 2. — Geometra erosaria ^. — (Plate LIX., Figs. 9, 10.) — This species varies from 16 to 19 lines in expanse ; it has the wings angulated, truncated, and of a luteous colour ; the fore ones with two oblique, straight or nearly straight strigae ; the hind wings angulato-dentated, immaculate, or occasionally with a central, occasionally geminated, but very obsolete striga ; the thorax robust, fulvous in front and luteous behind. Geometra ochraria, Stephens ; "Wood, fig. 475, is rather smaller, with the angles of the hind wings less produced ; the wings are pale ochre, with two obsolete, fulvescent striga ; the caterpillar is brown, varied with fulvous patches and dark markings, and with obtuse tubercles on some of the terminal segments. The perfect insect is found in August and September, and is not uncommon. * Synonyme. — Geometra erosaria, V^\^n. Verz. ; Hiibner; Treitschke; Haworth*, Stephens; Wood, fig. 476 ; but not of Esper. . . , Species 3. — Geometra quercinaria^ — This species varies from li to 14 inch in the expanse of its fore ■2'*t. wings, which are grayish-bufi", very much freckled with brown atoms, or fulvous and but slightly atomose, and with two brown strigee ; from the last species it differs in having the fore wings less distinctly truncate at the apex ; the thorax is grayish-buff or fulvous. The perfect insect is found in August in the neighbourhood of lime-trees, and is not uncommon. 'Synonvmes. — Geometra ^Jiercinaria, Hiibner ; Haworlh ; Bork- Geometra alniaria, Hiibner (female); Donovan, 8, pi. 275, hausen ; Treitschke; Boisduval; Stephens ; "Wood, fig. 477 bis. fig. 1. Ennomos erosaria, variety, Curtis. Geometra Tiliaria, Haworth. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 13 Species 4. — Geometra angularia^. — (Plate LIX., Fig. 11, 12.) — This species measures from 1^ to l^- inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are fulvous ; the middle of the wing in the males with a broad paler bar, curved towards the costa, and edged with a dark line on each side, the second of which is followed by a dark brown fascia gradually shaded o£f ; the hind wings with a slender striga before the middle ; the female has the wings more uniformly coloured, and much freckled with brown and with the strigae of the male. This is a variable species, but Lepidopterists are divided in their opinion as to whether the two following insects are distinct species or merely varieties ; Duponchel, followed by Curtis, giving them as varieties, and Stephens as distinct. Geometra Quercaria, Hiibner, Stephens, Boisduval, Wood, fig. 478 bis, which differs from the type in not having the base and fascia beyond the second striga dark brown. Mr. Stephens describes the sexes as perfectly resembling each other ; but Wood's two figures are quite unlike each other, both in form and colour, the female differing, as is the case in other allied species, in having the teeth of the wings more developed. Fonnd near London, but rare. Geometra carpixiaria, Hiibner, Stephens, Wood, fig. 480 (G. angularia, var., Boisduval), has the wings pale fulvous, with two slight transverse strigiB, the second of which extends across the liind wings, and is followed by a dark shade ; the hind wings are brownish. Near London, but rare. The caterpillar is red-brown, with a luteous-coloured head and grayish beneath, with black spots and tubercles tipped with white ; it feeds on lime, oak, and other trees, and the moth appears in August and September, and is very common. I Synokymes. — Geometra angularia, "Wieji. Vera.: Hubner; Esper ; Treitsclike ; Duponchel; Boisduval; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 667; Stephens ; '\\'ood, 6g. 478 bis. Species 5. — Geometra fuscantaria'' — (Plate LIX., Fig. 20) — measures 1-J- inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are straightly truncate at the tips, and of a fulvous ashy tint, with two strigae, beyond which the wing is dusky ; the hind wings in the males are brown from the base to the middle, and fulvous at the extremity ; those of the females are entirely brown. This is an uncommon species. Near London, Cambridge- shire, and Stourton Caundle. ^ Synonymes. — Geometra fuscantaria, Haworlh, Prod. ; Stephens ; Curtis ; Wood, fig. 485. Geometra carpiniariay Haworth, Lep. Brit. SECTION II. — Versal and yEstivai, Species. Wings much dentated ; pectination's of antennj; short. Species 6. — Geometra illunaria'. — (Plate LIX., Figs. 13, 14.) — This species measures between 1| and li inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are very much irrorated, and of a reddish ashy colour, with three nearly equidistant, reddish-brown strigae towards the middle of the fore wings, the first incurved before the middle of the wing, the second broad, central, and extending across the hind wings, on which, towards the costa, there is a whitish limule, almost obsolete ; the third striga is more oblique, and placed beyond the middle of the wing ; the apex itself red-brown ; the hind wings, with a lunule in the striga, almost obliterated. The female resembles the male, but is rather darker-coloured. Very variable. The caterpillar is gray at the sides of the body, with the back and sides of the terminal segments reddish-brown, and marked irregularly with black, the eighth and ninth segments armed with acute dorsal tubercles ; in young specimens the brown is much more brilliant. It feeds on oak, willow, &c., and the moth appears in March and April. Geometra juliaria, Haworth, Stephens, Curtis, Wood, fig. 482, is now proved to be the summer brood of the preceding species. (See E. Doubleday, in Ent. Mag., t. 3, p. 287). It i.s, however, generally considerably smaller than the spring brood. ' Synonymes. — Geometra illunaria, Wien. Verz.; Hiibner; Geometra iinilunaria, EsfCT. Trcitschke ; Duponchel; Boisdural ; Stephens; Wood, 6g. 481. ' Phalara Geom. Uilularia, Donovan, 3, pi. 82 .» Wilkes, fig. 81. Geometra bilt/naria. Esper. 14 BRITISH MOTHS Species 7- — Geometra lunaria''. — (Plate LIX., Figs. 15, 16.) — This species varies from \-i^ to If iDch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of an ashy-red colour, but slightly atomose, with two rather slightly marked strigee (between which is a white lunule) the first incurved before the middle of the wing, the second straight a little beyond the middle, but slightly beyond the white lunule ; the apex with a semi-lunule of red- brown ; the hind wings with a white lunule, edged with brown, beyond which is a slender brown striwa. The female is paler and more atomose. The caterpillar is brown, varied with dark markings and patches of reddish- brown, and with conical tubercles on the back. It feeds on the whitethorn, and the moth appears in June, and is widely dispersed, but rather rare. ^ SvNONYMEs. — Geometra lunaria, Wien. Verz. ; Fabricius ; Hiibner ; Donovan, 4, pi. 132 ; Haworth ; Albin, pi. 15, fig. a — d; Wilkes, pi. 83 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 483. Species 8. — Geometra delunaria ' — (Plate LIX., Fig. 17) — -measures 1^ inch in the expansion of the fore wings, which are grayish-white, scarcely atomose, and with an oblique striga towards the middle of the wing, of a brown colour, and extending across the hind wings ; the fore wings, moreover, with another incurved striga in the middle, and the hind wings with two adjoining, to the outer of which, is a diaphanous but ; rather obsolete lunule. The hind wings are less denticulated than in the last species, although Mr. Stephens suspects it may prove to be but a variety of it. Boisduval, however, affirms its distinction. " Taken at Birch Wood, in July," according to Mr. Stephens. ' Synonymes. — Geom. delunaria, Hiibner; Stephens; Boisduval ; Wood, fi|r.'484. Species 9. — Geometra illustraria". — (Plate LIX., fig. 18). — This species measures from If to 2 inches in expanse, all the wings being varied with dark brown and ashy from the base to the middle, with a white lunule, an incurved dark striga near the base, the apical portion purplish-buff, with a bright red apical lunar mark, and a brown apical cloud behind ; hind wings similar, but rounded, and with a brown dot towards the apical margin, the middle of the wing marked also with a white lunule. The Caterpillar is reddish or brown, with white and dark brown spots and stripes. It feeds on oak and other trees, and the moth appears in May and June, but is a rare species ; found in the woods of Kent, the New Forest, Devonshire, &c. ™ Synonymes. — Geometra illustraria, Hiibner; Treitschke ; Du- ponchel ; Stephens, III. H. 3, pi. 28, fig. 2 ; Wood, fig. 487 ; Albin, pi. 42, fig. 69, e— h. Geometra quadrilunaria, Esper. Phalana trilunaria, Hufnagle. Species 10. — Geometra sublunaria". — This species is closely allied to the last, but is smaller (measuring from li to If inch in expanse) with the fascia beyond the central limule slightly flexuous, and extending nearly to the anal angle ; the hind wings reddish, with a brown fascia extending from the anal margin, and enclosing the central whitish lunule : these wings are very much more strongly scalloped along the margin than in the last species. Rare. Derbyshire. ° Syhohyxf..— Geometra sublunaria, Stephens; 111. H. 3, pi. 28, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 486. PERICALLIA, Stephens. ENNOMOS, p. Treitschke. The type of this genus is closely allied to the last, but the antennae are bipectinated in both sexes, although less strongly in the females than in the males ; the fore wings are not elevated in repose, and are not strongly lobed as in Geometra ; the palpi are rather short, the larva 10-footed, slender in front, with the fourth segment tuberculated, and two long recurved hooks on the eighth segment ; the chrysalis is short and thick, and supported by a light web amongst leaves. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 15 Species 1. — Pericallia syringaria". — (Plate LIX., Fig. 21, and Plate LX., Fig. supr. fig. 29.) — This elegant insect measures about H inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a yellowish-gray, varied with large paler patches on the costa, and an angulated violaceous striga towards the base, and two others, which extend across the hind wings, suddenly angulated next the costa, where they are more approximate than behind ; the first of these is brown, and the outer one pale violaceous, varied with brown beneath its subcostal angle, there is also a violaceous patch near the tip ; hind wings more griseous, with some black spots on the anal margin. The caterpillar is pale brown, with darker shades. It feeds on lilac, privet, jasmine, &c., and the moth frequents gardens and woods, and is widely dispersed, although nowhere common. • SvjioNVME. — Geometra Syringaria, Linnteus; Hanortb; Donovan, pi. 18); Wilkes, pi. 82 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 488. ANGERONA, Duponchel. ENNOMOS, p. Boisduval. Distinguished from the preceding by its weak body and very large wings, the anterior of which have the margins entire and rounded, and the posterior slightly notched, the antennae slender and short, those of the females being simple, and the palpi very short. The caterpillars are elongated, with two short conical tubercles on the fifth and ninth segments, and the chrysalis is inclosed in a web amongst the leaves. Species 1. — Angerona prunariaP. — (Plate LIX., figs. 22 — 25.) — This common, variable, and conspicuous species measures rather more or less than 2 inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a fulvous or orange colour, being brightest in the males, freckled with brown, and with a brown lunule in the middle of each wing ; the base and extremity often also saturated with brown, varying greatly in its extent. The caterpillar is also variable, being ferruginous, brown, or buflf, varied with paler markings, and the ead hand tubercle reddish. It feeds on various trees, and the moth appears at the end of June, frequenting woods. A singular hermaphro- dite specimen of this species is figured in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of France. 'SvsoNVMEs. — Phul. Oeom. prunaria, Lianxus ; Hubner ; Do- Geome/ra cory/aria, Esper (variety). novan 1, pi. 27 and 9, pi. 293, fig. 3 ; Haworth ; Curtis ; (Hipparchus, Geometra dimidiata, Ribriciua (variety), p.) ; Albin, pi. 43, fig. 70, a— c ; Id. pi. 100, fig. a— d ; Wilkes, pi. 84 ; Phalmna sordiatu, Schrank. Stephens ; Wood, fig. 480 bis. RUMIA, DopoNCHEL. ENNOMOS, p. Treitschke. This species has the antennae of the males simply ciliated ; the palpi short, scarcely extending beyond the front of the head ; the body slender ; the wings with the margins entire, except in the middle of the hind ones, which are slightly angulated. The caterpillars have three pairs of abdominal prolegs, of which the two anterior pairs are short and apparently useless (see fig. 27) ; the seventh segment with two elevated tubercles. Species 1. — Rumia crat.scata''. — (Plate LIX., Figs. 26 — 28.) — This species varies from IJ to 1| inch in the expanse of the wings, which are of a bright brimstone colour ; the costa of the fore ones marked at the base, before and beyond the middle, and at the tip, with ferruginous patches; from the second and fourth of these patches arise two slight dusky strigje of lunules (variable in intensity), and the third is connected with an oval patch of gray scales, bordered with rusty red ; the hind wings slightly marked with dusky. The caterpillars vary from fawn to gray, varied with white ; or brownish varied with deep brown ; the head orange, as well as the two anterior pairs of central prolegs. It feeds on whitethorn, sloe, &c. ; and the moth ajjpears in April, June, and August, and is very abundant. ■> Synonvme — Phal. Geom. cralagata, Linnaeus ; Hiibner ; AlWn, pi. 40, fig. 65, c— h ; pi. 4G, fig. "G, 77, a — e : pi. 95, fig. e— Ij ; Wilkes, pi. 80 ; Harris Aureliau, pi. 20, fig. g— 1 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 490. 16 BRITISH MOTHS OUR AFTER YX, Leach. AC^NA, Teeitschke. This very distinct form is at once characterised by the acute tips of the fore wings, and the tailed hind ones ; the head small ; palpi short ; spiral tongue long ; antennae simple in both sexes ; the caterpillar long, slender, 10-footed, and with a bifid tail ; and the chrysalis inclosed in a cocoon of leaves, held together with silken threads. Species 1. — Ourapteryx sambucaria'' — (Plate LIX., Figs. 29, 30, and 13, at foot of plate) — varies from 2i to 2i inch in the expanse of the wings, which, as well as the body, are pale yellow ; the fore wings with two straight darker strigae, the inner one extending also across the hind wings, which are marked with a dark spot on each side of the tail. The caterpillar dark brown, with darker lines speckled with white : it feeds on various trees; and the moth, which is very common, appears about the end of June. ■■ Synonyme Ph. Geom. sambucaria, Linnosus; Donovan, 5, pi. 170 ; Albin, pi. 94, fig, a — d ; Wilkes, pi. 78 ; Curtis, pi. 508 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 491. CAMP^A, Lamarck. METROCAMPA, Latreille, Boisduval. This genus is closely allied to the last, but the male antennae are pectinated, and the hind wings much less strongly tailed ; the fore wings are also slightly angulated in the middle, and the larvae are twelve-footed and depressed, somewhat resembling those of the genus Catocala, the sides being fimbriated. Species 1. — Campjea margaritaria ^ — (Plate LIX., Fig. 32, and Plate LX., Fig. 42.) — This pretty species measures from If to 2 inches in expanse of the wings, which are of a pale, pearly, greenish white ; the fore wings with two pale strigse, each edged towards the middle with brownish, and the outer one extending across the middle of the hind wings. The caterpillar is greenish and brown at the sides, with white spots and black streaks, and an orange-coloured head. It feeds on various forest-trees, and the moth appears about the beginning of August, and is common in woods. • Synonymes Phal. Geom. Margaritana, Linn. ; Fabricius ; Donovan, vol. xvi. pi. 343. Bombyx sesquUHata, Borkhauseu, Esper. Geometra bipleuraHa, Villars. Geom. vernariay Hufnagle. ELLOPIA, Stephens. METROCAMPA, pars. Boisduval. This genus is very closely allied to the last, but has the wings rounded and entire ; the palpi very short ; the antennm bipectinated in the males. The caterpillar twelve-footed, and flattened beneath, and the chrysalis is enclosed in a web amongst the leaves. Species 1. — Ellopia fasciaria' — (Plate LIX., Fig. 33) — measures about li inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are grayish red, with a broad, darker, central bar angulated towards the costa behind, and edged with a paler shade ; the outer striga extending across the hind wings. The caterpillar reddish, varied with white and brown, with a red head. It feeds on fir ; and the moth occurs in fir plantations, towards the end of June, and is not common. . ' Synonyme. — Phal. Geom. fasciaria, Linnseus ; HUbner ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig, 493. Ph. Neustraria, Hufnagle. PICO. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 17 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LX. Insects. — Fig. 1 . Fig. 3. ,. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 8. Fig. 10. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 21. Fig. 23. Fig. 25. Ilipparchus papilionarius (the large emerald). 2. The Caterpillar. Hcmithea vcniaria (the small emerald). 4. Caterpillar. Hcmithea smaragdaria (the Essex emerald). HcDiithea cythisaria (the grass emerald). 7. Caterpillar. Cleora bajularia (the blotched emerald). 9. The Caterpillar. Cleora lichcnaria (the lime moss). 11. The Caterpillar. Cleora viduaria (the speckled beauty). Cleora tencraria (the dotted carpet). Cleora cinctaria (the ringed carpet). Cleora pictaria (the grey carpet), Alois rcpandaria (the mottled beauty). 19. The variety called muraria. 20. The variety called conversaria. 18. The Caterpillar. Alcis sericearia (the satin carpet). Alcis roboraria (the great oak beauty). 24. The Caterpillar. Alcis rhomboidaria (the willow beauty). -0. A The I Insects, Th< dark variety. 2". The Caterpillar. 27. The variety called consobrinaria. Fig. 28. Alcis consortaria (the pale oak beauty). 29. The Caterpillar, „ Fig. 30. Alcis fimbriaria (the bordered beauty). ,, Fig. 42 is the Caterpillar of Campoea niargaritaria, figured in plate 9. M Fig. 22 is the Caterpillar of Boarmia abietaria, figured in plate fil. All the insects figured in tliis plate arc from the collection of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of H, smaragdaria, from a Continental specimen in the British iMuscum, and A. fimnriftria, from the figure in Mr. Stephens's " British Entomology." Tlie caterpillar of C. lichcnaria is from one taken at Weybridge by Mr. E. Doublcday. The others are from Iliibner. Several caterpillars arc represented in this plate upon the plant, Clematis vitalba, although the food only of one of them ; but the necessity of figuring so many insects on each plate, in order to keep the work within a small compasp, prevents the possibility of introducing a separate plant for each caterpillar. This explanation will also apply to very many of the ensuing plates. H. N. 11. HIPPARCHUS, Le.\ch. GEOxMETRA, Boisduval. The large size, slightly denticulated hind wings, elevated palpi, with the last joint naked, pectinated male antennae, short spiral tongue, Notodontiform tuberculated larva, and folliculated chrysalis, distinguish this genus from the other green Geometridse. Species 1. — Hipparchus papilionabius". — (Plate LX., Figs. 1, 2.) — This large species measures from 2i to 2^ inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which, as well as the hind ones, are of a deep grass green (which soon fades), with a slight dusky lunula at the extremity of the discoidal cell, followed on all the wings by two wavy pale strigae. The caterpillar is pale green, with rusty tubercles on the back ; it feeds on the birch and other forest trees, and the moth appears towards the end of July in woods. " SvNONVME Ph. Geom. papilionaria, Linneeus; Donovan 8, pi. "287, fig. 1 ; Harris, Expos., pi. 13, fig. I ; Wood, fig. 494. HEMITHEA, Duponchel. HIPPARCHUS, pars. Curtis. The singular form of the linear striated larvae, with a bifid head, and the feet when at rest applied close to the body, the first segment of which is armed with two deflexed spines ; the chrysalis speckled ; the antennae of the males slightly pectinated, the green colour of the wings and the slender palpi, are the chief characters of this group. Species 1. — Hemithea vernaria^'. — (Plate LX., Figs. 3, 4.) — This pretty species measures about 1 '. incli in expanse; its wings are of a delicate whitish green, the anterior with two and the posterior with one slender white strigae, the latter slightly angulated in the middle of the apical margin. The caterpillar green, with pale stripes on the back and sides ; it feeds on the oak, clematis, and other trees ; and the moth appears at the end of July, in chalky places, but is uncommon. 'Sykosymes. — Phal. Geom. vernaria, Linnaeus; Hiibncr; Harris, Geom. teruginaria, Borkliausen. Expos., pi. 8, f. 8 ; Stephens; WooJ, f. 49S. Ph. Geom. fo/«/a/a, Villers ; Haworth. Geom. chrytoprasaria, Espcr. Ph. Geom. luciJala, Donovan 3, pi. 97. VOL. II. 18 BRITISH MOTHS Species 2. — Hemithea smaragdabia'^. — (Plate LX., Fig. 5). — This species measures about 1^ inch in expanse. The wings are rich green, the fore ones with the costa ochreous, and two slender white strigse, between which is a whitish spot ; the hind wings pale at the base. Very rare. Reared from a larva by ]\Ir. C. Parsons ; found near South Church, Essex, on the 30th June, 1826. Note — Boisduval unites this species and Bajularia into his genus Phorodesma. " Synon\51e. — Phal. Geom. smaragdaria, Fabricius; Esper; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 300 ; Wood, fig. 496. Species 3. — Hemithea cythisaria ^. — (Plate LX., Figs. 6, 7-) — This species measures about 1^ inch in the expanse, its wings being of a pale dull green colour (subject to fade), with two darker green flexuous strigse, between which is a dark lunule, and a submarginal, paler, undulated striga, often obsolete, which also extends across the hind wings, behind a rather darker striga. The caterpillar is green, with pale lines. It feeds on the common broom, and the moth appears in July, and is common on heaths and warrens. ' Synonymes. — Geometra cythisaria, Wien. Vera. ; Esper ; Hiib- ner ; AVilkes, pi. 57 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 497. PhaltBna prasinaria, Fabricius ; Haworth. PhalcBna pruinata, Hufnagle. Phalcena genistaria, Villars. CLEORA, Curtis*. PHORODESMA, TEPHROSIA, BOARMIA, pars. Boisdoval. The antennas are bipectinated in the males, but slender and setaceous in the females ; the spiral tongue long ; palpi short, and wings slightly dentated, and extended horizontally in repose ; the abdomen tufted at the extremity in the males, but acute at the tip in the females ; the larva are ten-footed, and somewhat tuberculated. They feed for the most part on lichens, and the chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon amongst leaves. Species 1. — Cleora bajularia b. — (Plate LX., Figs. 8,9.) — This species measures li inch in expanse; the wings are of a delicate pale green, with the costa of the fore wings pale ; a slender, curved, pale, whitish striga near the base, and another submarginal arising from a large pale blotch at the anal angle, with a fulvous centre ; the hind wings vdth the margin irregularly pale, with a dark undulating line, and each angle with a patch of the same colour ; cilia white, spotted with brown. The caterpillar is grayish brovyn, and tubercular ; it feeds on the oak, and the moth appears in oak woods in July, but is not abundant. ** Synonymes. — Geometra bajularia^ Wiener Yerz. ; Harris Aure- lian, pi. 41, fig. r; Hiibner; Esper; Treitschke ; Boisduval; Ste- phens ; Wood, fig. 498. PhalcBiia ditaria,¥a\>Tmni ; Donovan, vol. 6, pi. 202, f. 1; Haworth. PhaliBna pustulata, Huftiagle. Phorodesma bajularia, Boisduval. Species 2. — Cleora Lichenaria <". — (Plate LX., Figs. 10, 11.) — This species measures 14- inch in expanse ; the wings are of a greenish gray, and much freckled ; the fore wings with an incurved striga, towards the base a central spot and a deeply curved and dentated black submarginal striga, which also extends across the hind wings ; the margins spotted with black. The caterpillar is green or ashy, varied with blackish marks, and tubercular; it feeds on lichens, and the moth appears about the end of July in woods, especially where oak abounds. ' Synonymes. — Geometra Lichenaria, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner ; i Geometra cineraria, Borkhausen. Haworth ; Donovan, 10, pi. 342, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 499. I Boarmia L., Boisduval. Species 3. — Cleora viduaria ^. — (Plate LX., Fig. 12.) — This species varies from 14 to 14- inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a white colour, thickly irrorated with black atoms, forming an incurved striga near the base ; a broad, ill-defined fascia in the middle, open towards the costa, and followed by several * Mr. Curtis appears from his enumeration of the species which he regarded as referable to this genus, to have intended a group with simple antennse, but he unfortunately drew his characters from a species which possesses pectinated antennae, and does not associate with the others. AND THEIR TRANSFORJIATIONS. 19 black spots, a submarginal row of dark lunules, and the margin with a row of black dots ; the hind wings with a row of dusky dots across the middle. Taken in the New Forest in June. '' Synohvmes. — Geomelra viduaria, Wiener Vera. ; Hubner ; Stephens, 111. H. 3, pi. 30, fig. 2 ; Wood, fig. .500. Geomelra angularia, TImnbei-g. Species 4. — Cleora teneraria *". — (Plate LX., Fig. 13.) — This species measures about li inch in the expanse of the fore wings, whicli arc ashy white, irrorated with dusky atoms, and four dark dots on the costa, from which arise the same number of nearly obsolete striga; ; a dark spot in the middle of all the wings, and a patch near the apex of the fore wings, the margin being sometimes dusky, with an undulated pale striga ; the S/ai" ft^tiAi hind wings with an indistinct striga beyond the middle. Rare. New Forest, and near Edinburgh, about the beginning of July. e Synonymes. — Geomelra teneraria, Hubner ; Stephens ; Wood, fijr. 501. Geometra glabraria^Hnhxicr ; Treitschkc ; Duponchcl ; Boisduval. Species 5. — Cleora cinctaria f.. — (Plate LX., Fig. 14.) — This variable species measures rather more than \\ inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are whitish, varied with ochreous, gray and brown, darker at the base and apical margin, the former with two incurved black strigse, an oval ocellus in the middle, followed by two curved and waved pale strigie, edged with dark lines ; the margin spotted with black ; the hind wings with several slender dark strigae, and a central ocellus. Taken in the New Forest, in May and June. ' SYNONvaEs Geomelra cinctaria, Wicn. Verz. ; Treitschkc ; Boisduval ; Hubner ; Stephens; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 88 ; Wood, fig. 502. Geomelra pascuaria, Esper. Species 6 — Cleora pictaria S. — (Plate LX., Fig. 15.) — Measures about 1^ inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are ashy brown, with two waved strigse of dusky colour, between which is a dark spot ; the hind wings paler, irrorated vyith dark scales along the anal margin ; all the wings with a row of small black dots at the base of the cilice. Found in April and beginning of May near Dartford, Charing, and other parts of Kent ; but very rare. f Synonyme. — Geometra pictaria, Thunberg; Stephens (Cleora p.) ; Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 447 (Ephjra p.); Wood, fig. 503. ALOIS, Curtis. BORMIA, p. Treitschke, Boisduval. This genus has the body long and slender ; the wings large, and varied with gray or brown colours ; tlie fore ones entire, and the hind ones sub-dentated : the palpi short, and the antenna of the males not feathered quite to the tip j the hind tibiae dilated, and furnished with a tuft of silken hairs. The caterpillars are generally smooth and cylindrical, with the fourth segment swollen, and the head often concealed within the following segment. The perfect insects are sestival in the time of their appearance. Species 1. — Alcis repandaria •'. — (Plate LX., Figs. 16, 18, 19, 20.) — This species measures from li to 2 inches in expanse. All the wings are clouded with gray, brown and ashy, an incurved ill-defined striga near the base of the wing, a large dark patch at the extremity of the discoidal cell, beyond which is a dark striga deeply bidentate, followed by a submarginal, pale, denticulated striga, edged vyithin with brown, extending also across the hind wings near the margin ; they have also a slender striga across the middle. This is a very variable species, the Geom. destrigaria being much paler but more thickly atomose, and destitute of the middle striga. Geometra conversaria — (Hiibner ; Haworth ; Donovan, pi. 514 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 507 ; and our fig. 20) — is given as another variety by Boisduval ; this has the fore wings ashy-gray, with a broad, dark -brown, or blackish bar across the middle of all the wings, externally biangulate on the outside in the fore wings. D 2 20 BRITISH MOTHS Alcis murakia- — -(Curtis ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 506) — is another probable variety, which has the fore wings of a more uniform, ashy-brown, or gray colour, with the strigae towards the base of the wings nearly obsolete, and those of the posterior margin darker coloured ; the hind wings also, with two strigas, more distinct towards the anal margin. The caterpillar is bufi", or ashy-gray, with darker shades and dusky dots down the back, and a pale line on each side : it feeds on birch and other forest trees ; and the moth appears in July, and is very common in woods. The supposed variety A. muraria, is found on walls in the North of England, and is rather smaller than the southern specimens. ^ Synonvmes. — Phal. Geom. repandaia, Linnaeus ; Hiibner ; Donovan ; 10 pi. 333, fig. 1 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 504. Geometra destrigaria, Haworth ; Wood, fig. 505 ; (variety.) Species 2. — Alois sericearia '. — (Plate LX., Fig. 21.) — This species measures nearly 2 inches in the expanse ^i^^umc^ of the fore wings, which are silky brown, with " a space at the base very dark, a transverse spot near the middle, 2^,3 . black ; an indented transverse line beyond the spot, and an obscure, interrupted waved line near the posterior margin ; nervures black. Inferior wings fuscous at the base ; a transverse obscure spot towards the centre ; beyond which is a waved transverse line, dark on the internal, light on the external edge ; limb speckled with longish ochraceous spots." Curtis, loc. cit. Taken in the New Forest near Lyndhurst, in July, where it appears to be attached to the oak. ' Synonvme. — Alcis sericearia, Curtis; Brit. Ent., pi. 113 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 508. Species 3. — Alcis Roborarta''. — (Plate LX., Figs. 23, 24.) — This fine species varies from 2^ to 2-^ inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which are pale, grayish-ash, varied with luteous, and pulverose, with four very much interrupted, nearly equidistant, somewhat interrupted, brown strigse : the basal one much incurved ; the two middle ones nearly united on the hind margin, forming a dark patch, and the fourth followed by a pale waved line ; the hind wings, with three brown strigte ; the middle one much dentated and with a central lunule ; along the apical margin of all the wings are some dark dots. Varieties occur with the strigae nearly obsolete. The caterpillar is ashy-brown, with brown-arched lines and pale dots : it feeds on the oak and beech, and the moth appears at the end of June, frequenting the woods in the south of England, but far from common. ■^ Synonymes. — Phaldina Roboraria, Fabricius ; HUbner ; Ha- worth ; Donovan, 15, pi. 527; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 510. Phalcena leucophearia, Villers. Geometra grandaria^ Haworth olim. Geometra piperitaria^ Haworth ; Stephens* Cat.; (variety). Species 4. — Alcis rhomboidaria '. — (Plate LX., Figs. 25, 26, and 27.) — This very common insect measures about \f inch in expanse, the wings being of a shining mouse-gray not much irrorated, and with four dentated strigas much interrupted, the second (carried across the hind wings) bearing a dark lunule ; the third very close to the second at the hinder margin, and the fourth almost obsolete : beyond the middle of the hind wings is a slender dentated striga, and another submarginal one darkest next the anal margin. The insect is very variable, not only in the ground colour of the wings as represented in our two figures, but also in the strength of the strigaj. Geometra consobrinaria, of Haworth (but not of Hiibner); Stephens; and AVood's fig. 512, may possibly be another variety, from which it is described by the first-named author as scarcely difioring, except in the gray wings with ferruginous atoms, and the pale subapical striga of all the wings obsolete. Alck australaria, Curtis, has " a deep ochraceous tinge with powerful markings." AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 21 The caterpillar is greenish, with a red head ; the first three segments darker-coloured ; the sides of the body- yellowish, and with two slender dark lines. The perfect insect is very common in woods, hedges, and gardens, in July. ' Synonym Fs. — Geometra Rhomhoidaria^ Wicn. S'crz. ; Hiibncr ; Haworth ; Stepbeos ; Wood, fig. 511. Geometra gemmariay Borklniusun. Species 5. — Alois consortaria '^. — (Plate LX., Figs. 28, 29.) — This species measures about 2 inches in the expanse of the fore wings, which are pale, grayish ashy, and pulverose, with four somewhat indistinct, dentated, darker strigae, of which the second and third closely approximate behind, and tlie fourth is considerably dentate. The hind wings are marked by a central, brown, annular spot, and three strigae, the middle one of which is occasionally dilated into a brown fascia ; the margin of all the wings with some dark spots. The cater- pillar is pale grayish brown, varied with small dark dots and lead-coloured marks. It feeds on the poplar, willow, &c., and the moth appears in June, frequenting woods in the south of England. ■" Synonyme. — PhalcBTin consortariOf Fabricius ; Hiibncr ; Donovan, 10, pi. 333, fig. 2 ; Wood, fig. 609. Species t). — Alcis fimbriaria". — (Plate LX,, Fig. 30.) — This species measures 1^ inch in expanse, all the wings being of a dull ashy buff from the base to beyond the middle ; the fore ones with a central black dot, and various small black markings at the base and along the costa ; in the middle of the hind margin is a furcate black mark, being the evident rudimental base of two obliterated strigiie, which may also be traced in several -.^^o^lfn'^^^u bkkck dots on the veins above ; the hind wings have a central dark lunule, followed by a dentated brown striga ; J-^n- • the apex of all the wings dark brown, in which are the rudiments of a pale striga. IMr. Stephens' imique specimen is believed to be from Suffolk. ° Synonvme. — Aicisjimbriaria, Sttiplens, 111. Haust. pi. 30. fig. 1; Wood. fig. 513. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXI. Insects. — Fig. 1. Hcmcrophila abruptaria (the waved umbre). Fig. 2. Ttphrosia tetragonaria (the square spot). Fig. 3. Tephrosia abictaria (the ingrailcd). 22 in Plate 60 is the Caterpillar. Fig. 4. Tephrosia crepuscularia (the small ingrailed). 5. The Caterpillar. Fig^. 26 and 27. Small Torieties of Abietaria or Crepuscu- laria, called Consooaria and Strgularia, probably late broods. Fig. 6. Tephrosia exlensaria (the brindled white spot). Fig. 7. Tephrosia punctularia (the gray birch). 8. The Caterpillar. Fig. 9. Ualia vauaria (the common V moth). 10. The Caterpillar. Fig. 11. Xumeria pulveraria (the barred umber). 12. The Caterpillar. Fig. 13. Cabera pusana (the common white wave). 14. Caterpillar. 15. A variety called roluudaria. Insects. — Fig. 16, Cabera ezanthemaria (the common wave). ,, Fig. 17. Ephyra omicronaria (the mocha). ,, Fig. 18. Ephyria pendularia (the birch mocha). 19. A variety. 24 and 25, The Caterpillar and Chrysalis. ,f Fig. 20, Eph} ra orbicularia (the dingy moclia). ,, Fig. 21. Ephyra porata (the false mocliu). 22. The Caterpillar of Punctaria, a nearly allied species. t, Fig. 23. Ephyra trilincaria (the clay triplc.liues). With the exception H. Abruptaria, and B. Abictaria and Crepuscu- laria from Mr. H. Doubleday, the whole of the insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, The caterpillars are from Hubner and Freyer, I have not figured Ephyra Punctaria, as my specimen so closely resembled Porata that I scarcely thought them distinct. On examining others, however, I find that a dark line traversing both wings, is much mure defioed and regular than in Porata, where it is only represented by a wavy cloud. Punctaria will be figured in the supplemental plate, at the end of the work. H. X. H. HEMEROPHILA, Stephens. BOARMIA, pars. Boisduval. The antcniicB of the males are bipectinated nearly to the tip ; the palpi are short but distinctly visible, with the tip obtuse, and the terminal joint scarcely visible ; the wings are large, with the apical margins dentated, of 22 BRITISH MOTHS a pale ochre colour, with slender undulated but very oblique strigaa, and the hind wings with numerous slender black striolfe. Species 1. — Hemerophila abruptaria'. — (Plate LXI., Fig. 1.) — This species measures about 1^ inch in expanse ; the wings are of a luteous bufif colour ; the costa and apical margin of the fore ones varied with brown, and with a slender black waved, very oblique line beyond a central dot, followed by a dark cloud ; the hind wings much more strigose and dark in the middle, through which runs a black waved line. This is not a very common species ; occurring in gardens and woods at the beginning of June. ' Synonymes. — Phal. abruptaria, Thunberg ; Stephens ; "Wood, I Geometra petrificata, Hiibner ; Duponchel ; Boisduval. Ind. Ent., fig. 514. | Phal. Geom. suberaria, Donovan,?, pi. 251, fig. 1 ; Haworth, TEPHROSIA, Boisduval. BOARMIA, Treitschke (ex parte). The antennse of the males in this genus, as restricted by our English authors, are pilose beneath, instead of pectinated, as in the last genus ; the palpi short and horizontal, with the terminal joint minute ; the hind wings with the margin dentated, and the disc of all the wings pale and much freckled ; the fore tibia are furnished with a broad spur in the middle. l^fy^^^ca' Species 1. — Tephrosia tetragon aria". — (Plate LXI., Fig. 2.) — This species measures rather more than ^■^ 11 inch in expanse; the wings are pale ashy white varied with brown, a duplicated brown bar towards the base, followed by an indistinct central line, and beyond the middle are two curved pale lines, the first generally edged with black, and the second dentated, and between these is a dark quadrate patch in the middle; the hind wings less varied with brown, but with two dark strigse towards the anal margin, and a dark central lunular spot. Birch Wood, Kent, beginning of May, but rare. "Synonyme. — Boarmia tetragonaria, Curtis; Stephens; Wood, fig. 515 ; Brit. Ent. pi. 280. Species 2. — Tephrosia abietaria". — (Plate LXI., Fig. 3, and Plate LX., fig. 22, larva.) — This species measures rather more than 1^ inch in expanse ; the wings are gray and atomose, with denticulated more or less distinct dusky, or occasionally ferruginous striga running across all the wings ; the chief vein of the fore wings dotted with black, and a dusky shade in the place of the quadrate patch near the apical margin of the fore wings, the basal strigse of the fore wings also often obsolete. Found in woods in March and April, but not common. The caterpillar of Hiibner's Abietaria (which may possibly not be congenerous with our insect) is rusty brown, with the front of the body darkest, the hinder segments more straw-coloured, and varied with slender dark lines and marks. " Synonyme. — Geometra abietaria, yi'KTi.'Vm.; Treitschlse ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 516. Species 3. — Tephrosia crepuscularia °. — (Plate LXI., Figs. 4, 5) — measures rather more than 1^ inch in expanse, with the ground colour of the wings almost white and atomose, and with denticulated brown strigas running across the wings, variable in intensity and in number in difiPerent specimens ; the costa with several dark dots, from which originate the strigaj ; the apical margin of all the wings marked with dark triangular dots. Found in May, June, and July in woods, and not rare. The caterpillar is of a buff colour, with white longitu- dinal streaks and dusky lateral patches, the underside darker. It feeds on the columbine. ° Synonymes. — Geometra crepuscularia, Hiibner; Haworth; j Geometra bixindularia,'E.i'^cr. Treitschke ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 517. | Phalcena similaria, Hufnagle. Species ? 4. — Tephrosia consonariaP. — (Plate LXI., Fig. 26.) — This species (if, indeed, it be not a small variety of the last insect), measures about 1^ inch in expanse ; the wings being ashy and atomose, with very much ■^ 3 interrupted scarcely undulated strigae running across all the wings ; the fore ones brown, and a striga near the u. ' J AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 23 apical margin, white, bnt ashy within the apical margin, with black dots. Taken in the middle of May, and also in July, in the woods of Kent and Surrey, but rare. ' Synonyme. — Geometra consonaria, Hiibncr ; Ilaworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 518. HA LI A, DUPONCHEL. This genus has the antennae bipectinated nearly to the tips in the males ; the pectinations rather short, tlie palpi short, with the basal joint elongated ; the fore wings triangular, and the hind ones rounded and entire. The caterpillars elongated and slightly hairy, and the pupa enclosed in a slight cucuon. Species 1. — Halia Vauaria'. — (Plate LXI., Figs. 9, 10.) — This common insect measures about li inch in expanse. The wings are ashy-white, or pale ashy-brown, with four generally equidistant chocolate-coloured patches on the costa, the third of which is slender and oblique, and the fourth larger and rather square ; adjoining the second is a dark mark like the letter <, thus placed ; this in the female is detached from the second costal spot, which is closer to the first than in the males : beyond this is a row of minute dark dots placed on the veins : the hind wings are nearly immaculate, but with a small dusky spot in the middle. The ground colour of the wings is variable. The caterpillar is brownish or greenish, spotted with black and slightly hairy, and with a pale dorsal line and yellowish lateral ones. It feeds on the garden species of Ribes ; and tiie moth appears in -June and July, and is extremely common in gardens. 'Synonymes. — PAa/ceno Georaeira Fauaria, Linnaeus ; Donovan ; I Geometra Viduaria, MiiUer. Stephens; Wood, fig. 522; Albin, pi. 47, fig. 78, a — d ; Wilkes; Halia Wavaria, Boisduval. pi. 86, Harris ; -Vurelian ; pi. 34, f, g — i. Geometra Vau nigraria, Hatchctt, in Ent. Trans.. Old Series. 1. Geometra Wauaria, Haworlh ; Hiibner. I pi. 7, f. 3 ; Haworth — (variety.) Species? 5. — Tephrosia strigclakia''. — (Plate LXI., Fig. 27.) — This species measures rather less than ^^ li inch in expanse ; the wings are " ashy white clouded with gray, and finely sprinkled with fuscous, with several very obsolete common slightly denticulated fuscescent strigoe, varying in number in diflcrent specimens ; the hinder margin of all the wings with black spots." Taken in the Kent woods in July, but rare. This may possibly also be a variety of T. crepuscularia. I Synonyme. — Boarmia strigularia, Stephens; Wood, fig. 519. Species 6. — Tephrosia extersaria"" — (Plate LXI., Fig. 6) — measures 1]- inch in expan.se; the wings are grayish ashy, much irroratod and atomose, but not distinctly strigose as the preceding species, especially in the hind wings ; the fore wings vinth a subapical whitish denticulated striga, in the middle of which is a large pale whitish patch ; the hind wings are very obscurely strigose ; a pale striga is, however, generally present near the margin. Taken in woods in the metropolitan district in June and July, but very rare. ^Synonyme. — Geometra ej:tfrsaria, Unhncv \ Haworth; Treitschke ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 520. Species 7. — Tephrosia punctolaria'. — (Plate LXI., Figs. 7, 8.) — This species measures from 1 to 1^ inch in expanse, and has the wings of a hoary white colour, very thickly atomose, and with three or four equi- distant undulated arched strigee of brown, considerably interrupted and running across all the wings, (the fourth striga pale, and very much dentated), but often obsolete upon the hind ones ; the cilia in all the wings are white dotted with brown. The ground colour of the wings varies from ashy white to gray and deep ashy brown. The caterpillar feeds on the birch, and is of a deep brownish colour, the segments after the third marked witli a white patch on the back, at the union of the segments, striated with brown, and with a pale line above the feet. The perfect insect is common in woods in May. 'SysoNYME. — Geometra punctularia, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner; Haworth; Stephens, Wood, fig. 521. 24 BRITISH MOTHS NUMERIA, DupONCHEL. This genus has the wings large, rounded, and entire ; the disc very strongly atomose, and with a broad central dark bar. The antennte of the males are bipectinated ; the palpi are short and obtuse : the spiral tongue short ; the caterpillars are long, slender, and attenuated in front, with the head notched and the hinder segments tubercled. Species 1. — Ncmeria pulvebaria". — (Plate LXI., Figs. 11, 12.) — This species measures from l^to rather more than 1^ inch in expanse ; the wings are of a buff-red colour, very thickly powdered with dusky atoms, and with a broad central dark-brown bar of variable form and extent, of which the basal edge is straight and transverse, and the outer one very irregular ; the hind wings with an obsolete dusky striga running from the anal margin. The caterpillar is reddish-brown with straw-coloured streaks ; the terminal segments more varied ■with the latter colour and dark tubercles. It feeds on various forest-trees, and the moth appears at the beginning of June, and is rather common in woods. "SvNONYME. — Phalcsna Geometra pulveraria, Linnjeus ; Hiibner; Boisduval ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 523; Albin, pi. 96, figs, d — f ; Harris ; Aurelian, pi. 42, fig. o. CABERA, Treitschke (ex parte). This genus has the antennas bipectinated nearly to the tip : the palpi are short, scarcely extended above the clypeus ; the wings are delicate, entire, pale, thickly pulverose, and with simple strigse. The caterpillars are long, slender, and smooth, with two minute spines on the anal segment. Several of the species appear to be double-brooded. Species 1. — Cabera pusaeia ^ — (Plate LXI., Figs. 13, 14.) — This species measures about 1^ inch in expanse ; the wings are white, freckled with minute dusky atoms, and with three equidistant, very slightly waved dusky striga, of which the second and third extend across the hind wings : these strigse are however more or less obsolete, and vary slightly in their juxtaposition. The caterpillar is green, with the anterior segments and a dorsal spot on each of the following of red-brown, the latter edged with white. It feeds on various forest-trees, and the moth appears in May and again in July or August, and is very abundant in woods. ' SvNON-vMES. — PhaliBna Geometra pusaria, Linnxus ; Hiibner ; Haworlh ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 524 ; Albin, pi. 118, fig. e — h ; Harris ; Aurelian, pi. 44, fig. h. PhaliBna striffata, Scopoli. Species 2. — Cabera eotundaria ^' — (Plate LXI., Fig. 15.) — measures li inch in expanse; the wings are rounded and white, slightly irrorated with dusky atoms and with two slightly undulated dusky strigse extending across the wings, the first of which is geminated in the fore wings. Probably a variety of the preceding, as that differs in the juxtaposition of the strigas, on which the present species seems chiefly to rest for its claim to be considered as distinct from the preceding. " Synonyme. — Geometra rotundaria, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 525. Species 3. — Cabera exanthemata ''. — (Plate LXI., Fig. 16.) — This species varies from 1 to 1;^ inch in expanse. The wings are of a dirty white colour, with a buff tinge much sprinkled with pale brown atoms, and with two slender strigse of the same colour, which cross all the wings, the anterior pair having also a third striga nearer the base, which is, however, sometimes obsolete or more or less confluent with the middle one (G. approxiraaria, Haw.) ; when more thickly atomose, they form the G. arenosaria, Haw., which has sometimes the AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 25 strigse entirely obsolete. The caterpillar is reddish above, with a pale line on the sides, and a white mark on each segment. It feeds on birch ; and the moth, which is very common, appears in May, June, and August. * SvNoNYMEs. — Phalana exanthemata, Scopoli, Esper ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 526. Geometra striaria, Hubner ; Haworth ; Albin, pi. 92, fig. e-h ; 99, fig. a-d. Geometra arenosaria, Haworth (variety). Geometra approximaria, Haworth (variety). EPHYRA, DupoNCHEL. The species of this genus are very delicate in their general structure : the males have the antennae bipectinated to some distance from the tip ; the palpi are rather porrected, slender, and with the terminal joint long. The fore-wings are elongate-trigonate, and with the tips slightly hooked ; the disc generally marked with a small white dot ; the hind wings often angulated in the middle ; the hind tlbicB in the males have two, and those of the females four spurs. The caterpillars are long slender loopers, with the head depressed, and the body lineated. The chrysalides are of a curious form, being broad and truncated in front. This I find to be produced by the dilatation of the case of the wings and prothorax, which forms a kind of truncated hood over the head-case. They are attached by a thread at the tail, and girthed across the body, like those of the family of white butterflies. Species 1. — Ephyra omicronaria ''. — (Plate LXI., Fig. 17.) — This pretty species measures about 1 inch in expanse. The wings are very pale yellowish-buflF with blackish markings, a slender deeply scalloped streak near the base is followed by a large circular 0-like mark, and beyond this a brown striga, followed by another deeply dentated ; a narrow dusky subapical cloud, and a row of marginal dark dots. These strig» and marks vary in intensity. The caterpillar is green, and slightly mottled : it feeds on the maple ; and the moth, which is common in woods, appears at the beginning of June, and again in August. y Synonvme. — Gfomc. but placed at imequal distances apart, the first and second being more approximated, form the Ph. G. injequaria. Haw. The caterpillar is long, slender, and attenuated ; the back black, varied with whitish markings, and the underside reddish brown : it feeds on the broom, and the moth appears in June, frequenting heaths where broom abounds. It is a common species. ^ Synonymes. — Geometra respersaria, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Ste- i Geometra strigillaria, Haworth ; Hubner (variety), phens; Wood, fig. 542. | Geometra incequaria, Hnworih [vAiiety). Aspilates purpuraria, LinnaBus ; Stewart ; Haworth ; Hiibner ; Stephens ; Wood, pi. 54, fig. 64, has the wings pale yellow, with two fascife, and the apical margin purple. Specimens are recorded to have been in Mr. Swainson's cabinet, but without any notice of their locality. PHASIANE, Duponchel. This genus has the palpi long, porrected into a short pointed beak ; the antennse of the males very slightly bipectinated ; the wings, with the apical margins, entire ; the fore ones with the tip acute, and marked with two dark, slender strigse near the base, and another beyond the middle, where there is a single dark spot ; the hind wings nearly destitute of markings. Species 1. — Phasiane plumbaria". — (Plate LXII., Fig. 15.) — This species measures from I^ to nearly lA p j . inch in expanse, and has the wings of a leaden-ashy hue, the anterior with two slender straight red-brown strigae, /?i^„/«.<»iij placed rather obliquely towards the base of the wings, and a third much more strongly marked beyond the middle, having a darker shade within ; the centre being marked with a small dot of the same colour : there is -.' i) 30 BRITISH MOTHS also a slender dash of the same colour running from the apex, and extending into a pale slightly distinct and dentated subapical striga ; and the hind wings are paler, with a slender dusky central striga. The ground colour of the wings, distinctness and position of the strigse, are very variable, the latter sometimes approximating ; the middle ones occasionally united into a broad dark central bar. This is a common and widely dispersed species, frequenting heaths near woods, and appearing in May, and again in August. " Synonymes. — PhaliBna plumbaria, Fabricius ; Stewart ; Ha- I Phaliena Geometra palumbaria, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner. worth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 543. I Phalana mucronata, Scopoli. LARENTIA, Stephens. EUBOLIA, pars. Duponchel, Bdv. As restricted by Mr. Stephens, this genus seems too closely allied to the preceding, having like it the palpi long and forming an acute beak, but with the terminal joint very minute, and the fore wings acute at the tip ; but these are marked with a central transverse dark bar, formed of several parallel lines more or less undulated, and generally vyith a dark streak at the apex. The antennae of the males are slightly bipectinated. Tlie caterpOlars are naked, and rather thickened behind, having ten feet. Species 1. — Larentia cervinaria". — (Plate LXII., Figs. 16 and 12.) — This species measm-es from If to nearly two inches, and has the fore wings reddish'brown ; the space from the base to the first striga, and the broad bar between the second and third strigas dilated at the costa and dark brown, the edges of which are waved and bordered with a slender whitish line ; within this bar are inclosed several dark lines ; the apical margin is dark, but has a very slender undulated whitish line, and at the apex is a dark oblique dash ; the cilia have a whitish line at the base. The hind wings are pale brownish, the basal portion lighter, with a slight dusky fascia beyond the middle, and the apical margin reddish brown, wjth a slightly defined whitish undulated line. The caterpillar is dull green, with darker longitudinal lines, and transverse rows of white dots ; it feeds on the common mallow ; and the moth appears in the middle of October, and is a widely dispersed though not common species. " Synonymes. — Geometra cervinaria, Wien. Vera. ; Trcitschke ; Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 707 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 544. Geometra clavariaj Haworth. Species 2. — Larentia chenopodiata °. — (Plate LXII., Figs. 17 and 22.) — This species measures from lA to 1^ inch in the expanse of the fore vdngs, which are of a dark, tawny yellow, or brown colour, the base, middle, and apical portion of the vnng being darker brown ; towards the base are several incurved, slender strigae ; beyond this is a narrow, red-brown fascia, with the edges nearly straight, followed by a small black dot in the middle towards the costa ; beyond the middle of the wing is a broader red-brown striga, waved on the edges, and dilated towards the costa ; and beyond this a slender, dark striga, the apical portion of the wing being darker, and with a slender, oblique dash at the apex. The hind wings are pale brown, with tvvo slender strig® running across them beyond the middle. The caterpillar is yellowish green, with dark lateral spots, and the under side of the body and feet flesh-coloured ; it feeds upon grasses of different kinds, and the moth appears in July and August. It is a very common and vvidely-dispersed species. From its abundance, it was named by the old collectors the " Aurelian's Plague." Geometra mensitraria, Wien. Vera. : Hiibner. Phalcena limitata, Scopoli. ° Synonymes — Phalce/ia Geometra chenopodiata, Linnaius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Curtis ; Wood, fig. 545 ; Harris, Aurelian, pi. 33, fig. n. Species 3. — Larentia bipunctariaP. — (Plate LXII., Fig. 18.) — This species measures about 1^ inch in expanse, and has the wings of an ashy white colour, traversed by very numerous, slender, wavy, darker strigae, AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 31 and by four brownish-gray, nearly equidistant fasciae, one near the base, but slightly distinct and incurved, the second broader before, and the third still broader beyond the middle of the wing, which is marked towards the costa with two small black dots ; the outer fascia has its edge cut into scalloped waves, and the fourth fascia is very irregular, and often indistinct ; from the apex of the wing runs a short, oblique, abbreviated dash of black. The hind wings are marked with very slight, rudimental, waved fasciae. The caterpillar is ashy-gray, and slightly pilose, with longitudinal, dorsal, and lateral streaks ; it feeds on trefoil and other low plants, and the moth appears in July and August, frequenting chalky districts, where it is not uncommon. P SvNoNTME. — Phalana bipunctaria, Wien. Vera. ; Fabricius ; Hubner ; Treitschke ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 547. Species 4. — Larentia (?) multistrigaria °'. — (Plate LXII., Fig. 20.) — This species varies from ] to 1^^ inch in expanse. The wings are pale ashy-gray, the fore ones with numerous strigse and waved fasciolffi of a dusky colour, as though composed of clouds and dark dots placed in transverse series upon the veins ; several of these constitute four equidistant, incurved, and waved strigae, darker than the rest, the space between the second and , , third being also somewhat darker, forming a central bar; the hind wings are paler coloured, with several" ^i«(^^t^a«.'o rudimental dusky fascia; beyond the middle. Taken on heaths, especially near London and in Norfolk, in '^ ■'.' March, but not a common insect. Its larva is, unfortunately, unknown. This species recedes very greatly from the general character of the other species described above in the present genus. I, however, retain it in this situation on account of the pectinated structure of the male antennae, which will prevent it from being associated with Oporabia dilatata, which possesses simple antennae in that sex. How- far the relation with Venusia cambrica and Oporabia may be considered to extend, must be left until a precise acquaintance with their preparatory states is obtained. I will only, however, observe, that if the aifinity of these species be admitted, Lobophora rupestrata must also be associated with them. The species more particularly under consideration is interesting as forming one of the links between the Geometridae with feathered antennse, and the great group of Carpet-moths (which it resembles in its markings,) with simple male antennae. 1 Sysonyme. — Geomelra multistrigaria, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 5-18. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXIIL Insects. — Fig. 1, Cidaria didymata (the twin spot carpet). '' Fig. 2. Cidaria munitata (the rufous carpet). " Fig. 3. Cidaria femigata (the red twin spot") " Fig. 4. Cidaria unidentaria (the darli-barred twin spot). *' Fig. 5. Cidaria quadrifasciaria (the large twin spot). 6. The Caterpillar. '• Fig. 7. Cidaiia latentaria ( the northern twin spot). " Fig. 8. Cidaria salicaria (the striped twin spot). " Fig. 9. Cidaria miuria (the green carpet). " Fig. 10. Cidaria olivata (the beech green carpet). " Fig. 11. Cidaria montanata (the silver ground). " Fig. 1 2. Cidaria fluctuata (the garden carpet). 1 3. The Caterpillar. " Fig. 14. Cidaria propugnata (the flame carpet). " Fig. 15. "Venusia cambrica (the Welch wave). " Fig. 16. Harpalyce fulvata (the barred yellow). 17. The Caterpillar. 18. The Chrysalis. Insects. — Fig. 19. Harpalyce ocellata (the purple bar). 20. The Caterpillar. " Fig. 21. Harpalyce galiata (the galium carpet). " Fig. 22. Harpalyce tristata (the small argent and sable"). 23. The Caterpillar. " Fig. 24. Harpalyce subtristata (the common carpet). " Fig. 25. Harpalyce sylvaticata (the wood carpet). " Fig. 26. Harpalyce unangulata (the sharp-angled carpet). " Fig. 27. Harpalyce biangulata (the cloaked carpet). " Fig. 28. Harpalyce silaceata (the small phojnix). " Fig. 29. Harpalyce corylata (the broken barred carpet). 30. The Caterpillar. 31. The Chrysalis. " Fig. 32. Harpalyce unilobata (the single-lobed). The whole of the moths figured in this Plate, are from the ricli cabinet of Mr. Bentley ; the caterpillars and chrysalids are from H'ubner and Freyer. H. N. H. 32 BRITISH MOTHS I CIDARIA, Treitschke. ZERYNTHIA, Curtis. MELANTHA, Boisduval. As the generic name proposed by Mr. Curtis for the genus of which the common garden Carpet-moth may be regarded as the type had been already employed in Lepidoptera by Ochsenheimer for a genus of butterflies, I have reverted to the name of Cidaria employed for the former by Mr. Stephens. They have the antennas of the males bipectinated ; the pectinations short and pubescent, and not extending to the tip ; the palpi are rather short ; the wings rather short and broad, with the apical margins rather rounded and entire, the tips of the fore ones not very acute. The caterpillars are slender, smooth, naked, and varied with spots : they are 10-footed loopers, and the chrysalis is inclosed in a cocoon amongst the leaves. Some of the species appear in the perfect state in June and July, but others are double-brooded, appearing in May and again in August. Species 1. — ^Cidaria didy.mata ■■. — (Plate LXIIL, Fig. 1.) — Measures about 13 lines in expanse. Fore wings dull ashy-brown, with interrupted brown and white strigse and fasciae, so as to appear clouded ; beyond oft^ttry^iit^ the middle of the wing is a series of dark dots placed on the veins, followed by a darker space, in which is a _~y conspicuous still darker blotch towards the apex, obtusely bilobed on the outside, and with a submarginal whitish series of slender waved lines. Hind wings with all the ciliae brown, with two paler strigs running across the middle. The female is much paler than the male, with much less brown. The ground colour of tlie wing is variable in intensity. A widely dispersed, but rather local species. Taken at the eud of -July. •■ Synonyme. — Phal. Geom. didymata^ Linnaeus ; Haworth ; Stephens ; "Wood, fig. 549. Species 2. — Cidaria munitata^ — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 2.) — This species measures about 14 lines in expanse. Fore wings pale mouse-colour or ashy, the base and a central fascia of fulvous red, edged with a dark /^^^ line on each side, the hind margin being sinuated but not angulated, and the centre with a few darker wavy %....niZaZZ' lines ; the remainder of the vsdng marked with indistinct striolse, and a pale submarginal waved striga almost obliterated, several darker marks on the costa, and a dark oblique dash at the apex ; hind wings almost destitute of markings ; the strigEe very pale and indistinct. Taken in various parts of Scotland, but rarer in the South of England. * Synonymes. — Geometra munitata, Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 550. Phal. Geom. tristriffaria, Donovan, 13, pi. 461, fig. 2.(?) Species 3. — Cidaria ferrugata'. — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 3.) — This very variable species measures about Aicrttieo '^ lines in expanse; it has the wings pale brown, with a huffish tinge, the base and a broad central bar of a /(t>»i.«^«^t, reddish purple colour, marked with numerous undulating darker lines ; the central bar is very irregular and "• variable in its extent and distinctness, but less attenuated behind than in the allied species, and is preceded and followed by a paler space, through wliich undulate several dark lines ; a chestnut-coloured patch is placed at the tip of the wings, and a brown one, sometimes divided into two, immediately behind a paler oblique one, and through it runs a pale subapical striga ; the hind wings pale at the base, and much undulated, with slight strigae ; the abdomen with a double row of dark dots down the back. A very abundant species in hedges and lanes, at the end of May and in August. 'Synonymes. — PhalanaGeomelr a ferrugata, Linnaius ; Hiibner ; I fieonif (ra corcu/a(a, Hufnagle. Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 553. Geometra spadieearia, Wien. Verz. Geometra alchemillaria, Esper. | Geometra Hnararia, Borkhausen. i!cttf"<'"-' Species 4. — Cidaria unidentaria ". — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 4.) — This variable species measures about ^o/iiuja:r^ \ inch in the expanse of the fore wings, and is very closely allied to the last, but is distinguished not only by AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION'S. 33 the brown colour of tlie base and central bar of the fore wings, which is much attenuated behind, and with the outer margin lobed in the middle ; near the apex are two dark dots immediately behind a pale space, which extends to the tip, and the pale parts of the wings are traversed by several slender undulating waves, and with a pale subapical waved striga. The liind wings paler and more uniformly coloured, but traversed by numerous slender waved stritrse. The abdomen with two rows of dark dots down the back. The caterpillar is obscure greenish, with a dark and light longitudinal stripe down the side, and the hind segments spotted with darker colour. Tliis is also a very common species, which appears in June and again in August. " Synonymes. — Cirfaria anWen^oria, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 551 ; Albin, pi. 97, fig. e — b. Geometra Quadrifusciaria, Hubner (ncc Linn.) Species 5. — Cidaria qfadkifasciaria^ — (Plate LXIII., Figs. 5 & 6.) — Measures about li inch in expanse, with the fore wings brownish, with a fulvous reddish tinge, a smail basal fascia, and another nearly solid oblique central one of dark colour, slightly incurved near the costa, and the middle of the outer margin deeplv but obtusely lobed ; the centre, towards the costa, with a black spot ; beyond the fascia is a slight whitish striga, on whicli is placed a small dark, but often almost obsolete, duplicated spot toward the apex ; and near this is a square darker spot upon the apical margin, which distinguishes this from the two preceding species. The caterpillar is light brown, with faint streaks and some black spots : it feeds on dandelion and other low plants ; and the moth appears at the end of -June and July, and is frequent in various parts of the country. *■ Synonymes. — Phaltsnia Geometra guadrifasciaria, Linnscus ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 552. Geometra badiata, Boikhausen. Geometra ligustrata, Hubner (variety). Geometra uiidutataria, Villers (variety). Species 6. — Cidaria latentaria". — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 7-) — Varies from 12 to 15 lines in the expanse of the fore wings, which are ashy, varied with an ochreous tinge, and having seven or eight irregular waved strigae, darkest at the costa, the space between two forming a broad, more or less decided, central fascia, with the outer margin crenated and edged with a whitish line, and with a central black dot ; the apical margin with black dots, arranged in pairs ; hind wings with irregular and rather indistinct waved strigse, and a central dot. Taken abundantly on walls and rocks near Ambleside, at the beginning of June, by Messrs. Dale, Curtis, and others. " Synonvme.— Zfry;/Mi'a lalentaria, Curtis, Biit. Ent., pi. 296 ; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent., fig. 554. Species 7- — Cidaria Salicaria*^. — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 8.) — Measures rather more than 1 inch in expanse, and has the wings ashy brown, with numerous undulated strigee, alternate!)' dusky and paler-coloured, with a double or bilobed brown spot, and two squarish ones on the costa, close together, of a dirty red colour near the tip of the wings ; hind wings pale ashy, scarcely freckled, with paler waved striga. Also found in the north of England and Scotland, but rare, in June. ^Synonyms. — Geomea. Species II. — Cidaria fluctuata t". — (Plate LXIII., Figs. 12, 13.) — This extremely abundant species measures from 1 to 1^^ inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a dirty white, very much undulated on the pale parts, with fine ashy strigK ; the base of the wing dark brown ; the centre with a large dark patch extending from the costa about half way across the wing, where it terminates in a much narrower and paler bar, which extends to the hind margin ; another dark smaller patch on the costa, near the apex, beneath which is a double-toothed dusky small spot, forming part of the subapical striga ; the margin with black dots in pairs ; the hind wings much waved with dirty white and pale gray strigas, and a central dot. There is much difference in the intensity of the colour of the fore wings and their markings. The caterpillar is pale luteous or greenish, with dark dots on the back ; it feeds on various garden plants, and the moth appears throughout the summer, frequenting gardens, settling on walls, palings, &c., and entering houses. *■ Synonymes. — PhalcBna Geometra Jluctuala,Ijmii!eua; Hubner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 559 ; Albin, p]. 99, fig. e — h. Phalcena costovata, Haworth (Variety). •y,». Species 12. — Cidaria propugnata ''. — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 14.) — This pretty species measures from 10 to 12 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are of a dirty grayish white, marked at the base and across the middle with a broad clear reddish fascia, the inner margin of which is edged with a dark curved bar, and the outer margin is irregularly sinuated and black, preceded by two slender waved black lines ; the apical portion of the wing is more or less clouded, with whitish and grayish undulated strigse, and often with a darker patch on the costa ; the hind wings pale gray, with slight strigjB visible chiefly towards the anal margin. The antennae of the males are but slightly pectinated, whence Boisduval unites it with Munitata into a distinct section in this genus, from which Mr. Curtis has removed it. Found not uncommonly in woods, in various parts of tlie country, in July. » Synonymes — Geometra propuffnala, Wien. Verz. ; Hubner; 1 Phalana designata, }iu(n!ig]e. Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 5G0. I Phaltena lyiiceala, Donovan, 10, pi. 349, fig. 3. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 35 VENUSIA, CuKTis. The antennEB in the males are bipectiiiated, the pectinations increasing in length to the tips ; the palpi are very short and horizontal, not forming a beak in front of the head ; and the fore wings are triangular-ovate, marked with numerous slender, undulated, entire strigse. The relations of this genus with Larentia ? multi- strigaria has already been noticed (p. 31). Species 1. — Venusia cambrica''. — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 15.) — This species measures IJ- inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are " light bright gray, with numerous sinuated strigas, forming patches on the costa ; basal striga a black thin line ; a pale brown pair next, anotlier fine dark pair before the middle, and a pair beyond it ; the inner one blauk, as well as the nervures where they intersect it ; the other is broader and yellowish brown, and there is a pair of crenated brown strigas towards the posterior margin ; a line of seven sublunate brown spots at the base of the cilia" of all the wings ; hind wings very slightly strigose. Taken near the Devil's Bridge, Cardigan. In the collections of J. C. Dale, Esq. and Mr. Bentley. •* Synonvme. — Venu^i'a cambrica^ Curtis, Biit. Eiit. pi. 759. HARPALYCE, Stephens ; CIDARIA, Treitschke ; ZERENE & ELECTRA, Curtis; MELANTHIA, Bdv. The carpet-moths composing this genus are closely allied to the Cidarife, from which they differ in having the male antennae not bipectinated ; the fore wings are short and triangular, with the apical margins entire, and when at rest thev are carried horizontally, forming a broad triangle. Like the Cidarice, also, they have two of the teeth of the subapical striga near the costa darker than the rest. It is proper to observe, that there is great diversity in the arrangements proposed by recent lepidopterists, as to the generic distribution of this and the following closely-allied groups. How far a precise knowledge of the larvas of the different species will clear up the confusion remains yet to be determined. Species I. — Harpalyce fulvata'^. — (Plate LXIII., Figs. 16, 17, 18.) — This pretty insect measures about 1 inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are of a bright orange-yellow colour ; the base with a slender, darker Jj*^'^'' orange striga, and the middle of the wing with a broad, irregularly sinuated, dark purplish-brown bar, being j?,jj lightest on the costa, and edged on each side with a slender pale line ; the tip of the wing pale, behind which is an oblique dark line, followed by a dark orange cloud ; the hind wings pale-yellowish white. The caterpillar is pale green, with darker lateral lines, and a pale back. It feeds on the rose, and the moth, which is common and widely dispersed, appears in July. ' SiNONYMES. — Geometra fulvala, WieD. Verz.; HUbiicr; Hawoith; Stepliens ; Wuod, fig. 561 ; Hairis, Aureliaii, pi. 35, fig. 1. PhaltBiia sociata, Fiibricius; Stewart. U^ia^i. Species 2. — Harpalyce ocellata '. — (Plate LXIII., Figs. 19, 20.) — This species measures rather more than 1 incli in expanse of the fore wings, which are of a white colour, the extremity having a pearly brownish gloss ; the base brovrn, varied with gray and fulvous scales, followed by several grayish patches ; across the middle of the wing is a broad, irregular, dark-brown fascia, with the margins more fulvous ; the centre with several gray waves, which towards the costa surround a black dot ; beyond the fascia are several slender, ashy, interrupted, short strigae, running from the costa, the outermost terminating in a small black patch ; hind wings with a small, dark, central dot, and the margin brownish. The caterpillar is brown, with the anterior segment;* F 2 36 BRITISH MOTHS /hi^t-^i^S^ A.-2>. Hrt. and a stripe above tlie feet gray ; the back with angiilated whitish markings. The moth appears at the heginnincr of June, and again at the end of August, in woods, and is a common and widely diffused species. ' SvNONYME': PhaltEfta Geomelra ocellata, Linnaeus ; Hiibner; Hawonli ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 562. PliaiiBim tridentata, Hufiiagle. Phal-,„,ix, margin trilobed, the middle portion being occasionally insulated by the pale branches of the median vein ; ^- -^ towards the apex is a series of irregular-sized brown conical spots, and a patch of the same colour on the apical margin, the preceding space being more or less clouded. The hind wings are whitish, with the space beyond a pale angulated fascia rather more dusky. The caterpillar is described by Stephens as being bright green, with a duller lateral line, and a black dorsal one, and some yollowish-green spots behind, and as feeding on tlie aspen. Taken in July and August. A widely-dispersed, but not common species. "• Synonymes — Geomefra silacfiata, 'Wien. YeTz,; Unhvicr; Ha- I Phalipna insulata, Ha.v!orth (ma.]e). worth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 571. I Phalcena euneala, Donovan, 14, pi. 487, fig. 2. . Species 10. — Harpalyce corylata". — (Plate LXIII., Figs. 29, 30, 31.) — This species measures about J^ inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which have the base fulvous brown, followed by two dentated white .c strigsB, the space between which is grayish-buff; the central bar is fulvous-brown, with a black stigma, followed fyS, by a dentated white line ; the apical portion of the wing varied with buff, brown, and white shades, and an irregular- waved subapical striga, interrupted by a pale patch at the apex and in the middle of the apical margin; the hind wings pale-grayish, with light dusky strigae. The caterpillar is pale-yellowish, with a whitish lateral line ; it feeds on various trees, and the moth appears in -June, in woods. ° Synonymes. — Geometra corylata, Thuuherg; .Stephens ; Wood, Geometra rupfata, Hiibner; Haworth; Donovan, 14, pi. 479, fig. 572. I fig. 2 ; Albin, pi. 98, fig. a— d. Species 11. — Harpalyce unilobata ". — (Plate LXIII., Fig. 32.) — This insect, as well as Ph. 4-annulata, Haworth, Stephens, and Wood, fig. 565, are considered by Mr. Stephens as probably varieties of H. Galiata. Jti^i t-- ■' - The former has the fore wings ashy and slightly clouded, with the base, and a dark broad central bar of brown .''^i streaked with black, having a single rounded lobe on its outer edge ; the extremity of the wing more dusky. 38 BRITISH MOTHS with a white, interrupted, waved line. It has been taken occasionally in Yorkshire. The latter has the wings ashy, with three geminated striga and a costal spot of brown ; between the base and middle bar is a white fascia, formed of four rounded spots, united together and edged with black. This insect has occurred at Wisbeach, and also in Devonshire. " Synonvme. — PhalcBna unilobataflia.^orth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 564. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXIV. Insec —Fin. I. Polyphasia marmorata (the marbled carpet). Fig. 2. Polypbasia centum-notata (the common marbled carpet). Figr. 3. Polypbasia immanata (a variety of the preceding). Fig. 4. Steganolopbia pruuata (the clouded carpet). 5. The Caterpillar. 6. The Chrysalis. Fig. 7. Lampropteryx sutfumata (the water carpet). Fig. 8. Lampropteryx badiata (the shoulder stripe). The Caterpillar. Fig. 9. Anticlea Berbeiata (the raspberry^ carpet). The Caterpillar. II. The Chrysalis. The Cocoon. Fig. 13. Anticlea rubidata (the flame). Fig. 14. Anticlea sinuat.a (the royal mantle). Fig. 15. Anticlea derivata (the streamer). 17. Caterpillar. 16. 10. 12. The Insects. — Fig. 18. Electra comitata (the dark spinach). „ Fig. 19. Electra populata (the poplar). 20. The Cater- pillar. ,, Fig. 21. Electra spinachiata (the spinach). ,, Fig. 22. Electra testata (the chevron). ,, Fig. 23. Electra pyraliata (the baiTed straw). ,, Fig. 24. Celma imbutata (the Manchester treble bar). ,f Fig. 25. Aoailis plagiata (the slender treble bar). ,, Fig. 26. Siona dealbata (the black vein). Plants. — Fig. 27. Galium sp. All the moths in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with \he exception of Plagiata, Iramanata, Spinachiata, Testata, Pyraliata, Derivata, Sutfumata, and Ruptata, from fine specimens presented to me by Mr, Doubleday. The caterpillars are from Hubner.— H. X. H. POLYPHASIA, Stei'iiexs. ELECTRA, r., Clrtis. The insects of the genus formed under this name by Mr. Stephens, are extremely variable in their charac- teristic markings. The antennse are simple in both sexes ; the fore wings are triangular, and comparatively larger and weaker than in the preceding species, with the apical margin entire ; the palpi are porrected into a sliort acute beak, directed obliquely upwards : and the caterpillars are slender, smooth, and with two short tubercles on the terminal segment of the body. By the continental authors, the different species appear to be confounded into one, whilst Mr. Stephens separates them into eight ; although in his Catalogue several of them were indicated as prob.xble varieties of the others, which we consider the more natural arrangement. Species 1. — Polyphasia marmorataP. — (Plate LXIV., Fig. 1.) — This species varies from I to JJ^ on the expanse of the fore wings, which are clouded with ashy and ferruginous, and have a broad central fascia of white, more or less atomose, and edged with blackish brown ; the outer margin much produced, and acutely angulated ; the apical portion of the wing ashy, tinged with ferruginous and brown clouds, through which runs Jtryrnet^timti^ ^^ irregular interrupted white waved line. It is extremely variable in the colour of the ground of the wings, Avt. and in the intensity of the markings. Not common, although widely dispersed ; although more especially found in the woods of Kent. P Synonymes. — /"Aate/ja mai'mora/a, Fabricius; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 575. Phulana omicronata, Donovan, Vol. I,i, pi. 510, fig. 1 (variety). P. concinxata, Stcph. ; AVood, fig. 576 (given in Syst. Cat. as a variety of the preceding), has the fore wings ashy-gray clouded with black, and with an unsolid whitish fascia across the middle, acutely dentated on the outer margin, and with a wliite angulated subapical striga ; the disc with a large black dot. Taken in Scotland, and probably identical with P. boreata, Curtis (Brit. Ent., fol. 603), of which the fore wings have the narrow ferruginous fascia at PI 6 4-. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 39 the base obscure and not an^ulated, terminatino- in a white horse-shoe on the inner margin ; the broad central fascia not solid, but gray in the middle and the posterior margin darker than in P. imnianata. Taken on rocks near Arrachar, in Scotland, at the beginning of August. Species 2. — Polyphasia centum-notata''. — (Plate LXIV., Fig. 2.) — This very variable species measures from 1 to li inch in expanse, and has the fore wings much spotted with brown, whitish-gray, and ferruginous, the base being ferruginous-brown, undulated with dark strigse, beyond which is a very broad whitish fascia, preceded by a slender dark line, and having a central slender black dot, and the outer portion (especially towards, the costa,) dark-brown, the margin much angulated and produced in the middle ; beyond this the wings ai'e much mottled, and have a slender white waved line, preceded by a ferruginous bar ; the hind wings almost destitute of strigas. This is a very abundant species, found iu woods at the end of May, and again in August. The following are probable varieties of this species. Polyphasia satukata, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 579, which has the fore wing ashy-brown, with a paler fascia across the middle acutely dentated, and produced in the middle of the outer margin ; the disc traversed with undulated strigas, and with a central elongate black spot, an indistinct ferruginous bar, and a waved subapical whitish striga. Found in July in various districts, but not common. Poly^phasia perfu.scata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 5S0, which has the fore wings somewhat ashy, a simple black fascia at the base, and a broad central one produced on the middle of the outer edge, and strongly dentated ; bordered with a pale striga, and having the usual black central dot ; beyond this is a ferruginous streak, and interrupted white waved striga. Occurs at the same time and places as the preceding variety. Polyphasia co.mjia-notata, Haworth ; Steph. ; Wood, fig. 577, is chiefly distinguished by the fulvous or luteous central fascia; the remainder of the wing being ashy brown, and much mottled. It is common, occurring iu the same woods with the former vari-ties, at the end of May, and again in the autumn. 1 Synonymes.. — Phali£}La cenimn-nQtaliim,Y:^x\i^\M%\ Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 575. Geometra rupata, Wien, Verz. ; Hiibner ? Species 3. — Polyphasia IiMmanata ''. — (Plate XLIV., Fig. 3.)— This insect is about the size of the QUa-ui^ preceding, from which, as well as the rest of the species of this genus, it is distinguished by the broad, solid, brownish black central fascia, which is strongly dentated, and much more strongly produced in the middle of the outer margin, and more acute than in its allies ; beyond this is a pale spot on the costa, gradually shaded into bright brown or ferruginous, and with a wavy whitish subapical striga. There is much variation in the tints of this insect, as well as in the central bar being occasionally ashy in the middle, with a black spot. It is a common species, found in July, in woody places. Polyphasia amcenata, Stephens (given in " Syst. Cat." as a supposed variety of immanata), diiFers from it in having narrower wings, with the outer edge of the basal fascia very much angulated, and with a very broad black central fascia, dentated within, and very much produced in the middle of its outer margin ; the process being composed of two lobes, of which the first is very broad and bifid, and the inner and shorter one very acute and simple. Found in Devonshire. Wood's fig. 574 does not well agree with this description. ' SvNONVME. — Phalana immanata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 573. STEGANOLOPHIA, Stephens. ELECTRA, p., Curtis. The insect which Mr. Stephens has formed into the present genus, is very closely allied to the last group, but has the palpi more elongated and beak-like ; the males with a tuft of hairs near the base of the fore wings 40 BRITISH MOTHS beneath, and the strong central fascia more angulated on the inner margin, and less so on the outer margin : tlie hind wings are also more distinctly fasciated. The caterpillar is long, slender, swollen behind the slightly notched head, and with the extremity of the body rather thicker and rugose. Species 1. — Steganolophia prdnata ^ — (Plate LXIV., Figs. 4, 5, 6.) — This Ijandsome insect measures from 14- to 1^ inch in expanse. The base of tlie fore wings orange brown, with a darker slender waved striga, ^ ^ followed by a clouded orange bar edged on each side with a whitish line, and very much angulated towards the ^,2. hinder margin; then follows a very broad, brown, irregular bar bearing a slender, dark, parallel streak; and the extremity of the wing is marked with conical dark spots and a marginal patch of brown, as in Harpalyce Silaceata, to which it is nearly allied, as arranged by Mr. Haworth : the hind wings are pale-brown and strigose. The caterpillar is pale-greenish, with brownish markings on the back : it feeds on the currant and gooseberry, as well as on various trees, and the moth appears in July and August in lanes and gardens. It is a widely dispersed but local insect. -*' Synonymes. — P/ia/6?7ia Geome/ra prwnaia, Linna?us; Ftibricius; I Haworth; Stephens; "Wood, fig. 581. Donovan; 7, pi. 233, fig. 1 ; Harris, Exposition 30, pi. 8, fig. 1; j Ci(iarm i?/6fS'arm,Boisduval. . LAMPROPTERYX, Stephens. CIDARIA, p., Boisduval. ELECTRA, p., Curtis. These insects have the wings glossy, and the apical margins obscurely dentated, the disk of the fore ones with a central fascia, and an oblique black dash at the apex : the palpi are very short, and scarcely visible from above ; the antenna; of the males rather strongly ciliated, and the caterpillars smooth, cvlindrical, and naked. The first species in its markings approaches closely to Steg. pruuata, whilst S. badiata has a very different habit. Species 1.- — Lampropteryx suffumata '. — (Plate LXIV., Fig. 7.) — This species measures about li inch /^, ■ in expanse of the fore wings, which are of a red-brown at the base, followed by a pale bar clouded with brown, 5^"^""^^^ ^'^yt'"'^ which is a broad, rich brown bar irregularly toothed on both margins, followed by a slender whitish line ; "'■^ the extremity of the wing varied with brown and white shades and patches ; the hind margin of the hind wings dusky brown. This is not a common species, but is widely dispersed. Taken in April and July. ' Synonyme Ph. Geometra siiffumata, Wien. Vera. ; H'ubner ; Haworth ; Stepliens ; Wood, fig. 582. J/t.Jt' {/(t-i. ■ Species 2. — Lampropteryx p ceata, Stepliens; Wood, Fig. 583. — Measures li inch in expanse; fore wings " very glossy, of a deep uniform pitchy-brown, with a deeper broad central fascia in -which is a black spot ; its outer margin lobate, with the central lobe obtuse and entire ; towards the apex of the wing is an interrupted striga composed of white spots, and at the apex is an oblique white streak." — Stepliens. Found near Newcastle, and also in Yorkshire. Species 3. — Lampropteryx badiata". — (Plate LXIY., Figs. 8, 16.) — This species measures rather more than 1 inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are of a buff colour, with the base and apex purplish brown ; the /tM^cic<^o former with a curved, dark fascia at the base, followed by a nearly straight one edged witli a purplish brown jSaitc^^-'^ line, and followed by a pale space, which is succeeded by a deeply waved bar formed of several slender dark lines, beyond which is a dark buff space; tlie apical portion purplish brown, and with a dark oblique dash at the apex. Hind wings slightly strigose. The caterpillar is dirty green, and dotted on the back. The sides with a pale stripe, head and feet yellowish. It feeds on the wild rose ; and the moth appears at the beginning of April and again in the middle of the summer, and is common. "Synonymes. — Geomc••"■•' mentions Wales as its habitat. "" Synonymes. — Geometra pullata, Wien. Verz, ; Hiibner ; 1 Phnlcena Geometra quadripnstulata, Donovan, 13, pi. 463. Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. C28. | Geometra dilucidaria, Esper (not of Hiibner). AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 53 Species 4. — Charissa serotinaria ". — (Plate LXVII., Fig. 10.) — Measures!^ inch in expanse; wings whitish-buflF, or yellowish, irrorated with brown atoms ; fore wings with an incurved and waved dark slender striga towards the base ; all the wings with a black ring-like mark in the middle, followed by a slender dentated striga, running across all the wings ; apical margin clouded, and bearing a whitish striga and a marginal row of y"- " black dots. Very rare ; found in Sussex. " SvNoNYME. — Geometra serotinaria, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 629. Species 5. — Charissa operaria°. — (Plate LXVII., Fig. II.) — Measures about I^ inch in expanse; dull grey, varied and tinged with pale ochre, glossy ; " fore wings irregularly varied with white scales ; an obscure transverse curved fascia towards the base, anotlier be3'ond the middle, parallel to the posterior margin, sinuated, and a pale indented one near to the same margin ;" a black spot in the middle of the wing, towards the costa, and the apical margin with minute black spots ; hind wings with a sinuated obscure fascia near the centre, preceded by a ", 7* black dot, and with a subniarginal pale striga. Taken in the Islands of Arran and Bute, and at Flisk, in ' Scotland, about the end of July. " Synonyme. — Geometra operaria, Hubner; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 105 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 630. PACHYCNEMIA, Stephens ; Curtis. STHANELIA, Boisduval. This genus differs from those immediately preceding in having the wings elongate-ovate, and with the apical margins entire ; the palpi are porrected into a short straight beak ; the antennas are slightly thickened and serrated in the males, and simple in the females ; tlie abdomen is slender and rather long ; the posterior tibiae are dilated, and furnished with a pencil of hairs. Species 1. — Pachycnemia hippocastanaria p. — (Plate LXVII., Fig. 12.) — Measures I^ inch in expanse ; fore wings reddish-gray, with a broad brown fascia across the middle, narrowed behind ; the outer edge much crenated and curved, and followed by a pale whitish edge ; a dark dot in the middle, tovvards the costa, and the veins partially brown ; hind wings pale ochreous-ash, with a dark spot in the middle, followed by a sinuated striga. Taken from March to September, on heaths in various parts of the country, especially in the New Forest, in July. P SvNONYMEs. — G«ome. L 56 BRITISH MOTHS triangle ; the cilia long and hair-like, and the postoostal vein of the fore wings dilated at the base * ; the caterpillars smooth, naked, and marked with lines, and the period of flight is at the end of the autumn. Species 1. — Oporabia dilutata'". — (Plate LXVIII., Figs. 7, 8.) — Varies from 1-^ to rather more than 1^ inch in expanse. This is an extremely variable species, its ordinary full-marked state being represented in our figure 7, in which the fore wings are pale grey, with numerous darker undulated strigK, arranged at equal distances apart, in pairs or threes, and which are especially indicated by black dots upon the veins ; these groups of strigse in some specimens form darker fasciae, whilst in others they exist without the ground upon which they are placed being darker-coloured, so that they do not form the fascia ; others have the fore wings almost suffused, and of an uniform dark-greyish, shining hue, whilst some have the strigse only at the apical portion of the wings (Ph. fimbriata, Haw.), and some are whitish witli dark markings, as in our figure 8 ; the hind wings are paler and strigose, the strigae modified as in the fore wings of the different varieties. The caterpillar is dirty green, spotted with reddish, and with a yellow line at the sides ; it feeds on the oak, elm, and other forest-trees, and the moth appears in October and November, and is very common. ™ Synonymes. — Geomeira dilutata, Wien. Verz. ; Hubner ; Albin, plate 45, fig. 74, a — c; Harris, Exposition, pi. 8, fig. 3; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 639. Geometra guadrifasciaria, Borkhausen. Geometra affiniata, Borkliausen. Phalcena iiiscriptata, Donovan, 15, pi. 517. Geometra fimbriata, Haworth (variety). Species 2. — Oporabia polata ''. — (Plate LXVIII., Fig. 9.) — Measures 1^^ inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are pale brownish grey, with a darker patch at the base, bounded by a rectangular slender dark striga, beyond which is a darker brownish fascia before, and another beyond the middle of the wings, which is pale, with a small blackish lunule at the extremity of the discoidal cell ; the edges of these bars marked on the costa with darker patches, and with dots on the veins ; the apical portions of the wings dark, with a pale undulating sub- marginal line, and with dark dots on the veins ,• the hind wings pale, with a dark striga beyond the middle, and a dusky border. Taken in the Isle of Arran, and also on walls at Staley-bridge, near Manchester, by Mr. Edleston. ^ Synonyme. — Larentia polata, Boisduval ; Duponchel. CHEIMATOBIA, Stephens. LARENTIA, p., & HIBERNIA, p., Boisduval. We have here a group of insects, allied in some respects to the Oporabite and Lobophorse, whilst in their subapterous females and hyemal period of flight they approach the HiberniaB, with which they are united by Mr. Curtis, whilst Boisduval places one of the species with Oporabia dilutata in his genus Larentia, and the other with his Hibemise. The palpi are very minute, as in the last genus. The antennss in the type (C. brumata) are simply ciliated in the males, the joints being produced on the inside, whereas they are bipectinated in C. rupicapraria. The wings of the males are large, .thin, and rounded, of obscure colours, and slightly undulated ; those of the females are very small ; the abdomen of the males is short and slender, and the caterpillars are slender, naked, and lineated. The moths appear in mid-winter. Species 1. — Cheimatobia brumata J. — (Plate LXVIII., Fig. 10.) — The male measures from 1 to Ig inch in expanse, and has the wings ashy-brown, with numerous very nearly obsolete, undulated strigse, some of which are occasionally confluent, and form a slight fascia across the middle of the wing ; the veins are dotted with blackish, indicating the situation of the strigse when these become obsolete. The apical margin is dusky, and the hind wings are pale and scarcely strigose. The female is brown, with very short rudiments of wings. The * This character is not, as might be conjectured, a sexu.il one, since it exists, as I have ascertained, in both sexes ; it occurs also in some of the Lobophorso, and in Larentia (?) multistrigaria, thus confirming the relations of these insects pointed out at p. 31. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 57 caterpillar is pale-green, with pale lines at the sides. It feeds on various trees in gardens in the spring, and is very destructive to the crops of fruit, hy devouring the young blossom buds. Kollar* has given a very long and most interesting account of its habits, and has suggested a plan for its destruction, which appears both ingenious and practicable. The moth appears in November, December, and January, and is very common. r Synokvmes. — Phaltena Geometra brumala, Linnajus ; Hubner ; i Cheimalobia vulgaris, Stephens, Cat. ; Haworth, olim. Haworth ; Curtis ; Stephens, 111. ; Wood, fig. 640, male and female. I Phalana hyemata, Hufnagle. Species 2. — Cheimatobia rdpicapraria^. — (Plate LXVIII., Fig. 11.) — The male measures from 13 to 15 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are grayish-brown, with a broad dark bar across the middle, the edges being darkest and subcrenated, narrowed behind, and bearing a dark dot in the middle. The hind wings whitish, with the ordinary central dark dot preceding a nearly evanescent striga ; the edges with brown spots ; the antennae in the males are bipectinated. The female has short, rudimental, whitish ashy wings, with a dark bar towards the apex, and a slender striga across the hind ones. The caterpillar is greenish, with whitish lines and margins to the segments ; it feeds on the wild plum, and the moths appear in January and February, the males flying about hedge-rows ; it is a rather common insect. ' Synonymes. — Geometra rupicapraria, Wien. Vera. ; Hubner; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 641, a and n. Geometra primaria, Haworth ; S.imouelle. LOBOPHORA, Stephens ; Curtis ; Bdv. AMATHIA, Duponchel. The palpi in this interesting group are short, and bent upwards in front of the face ; the antennae are setaceous, with short hairs scattered over the joints ; the abdomen slender ; the fore wings entire, spread horizontally when at rest, and marked with undulated lines ; and the hind ones furnished at the base in the males with a short lobe or winglet, variable in size, the species in which it is the smallest being only armed with a pair of spurs to the hind pair of tibia. The caterpillars feed on trees : they are smooth, with the head flat, and last segment bifid. SECTION A. — Hind wings of the males with a small lobe. Hind tibice with one pair of spurs. Species 1. — Lobophora polycommata^ — (Plate LXVIII., Fig. 13 (the caterpillar), and 17) — Measures nearly 1^ inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are pale grayish-brown, with irregular waved strigse, of a darker colour, several of which, near the base of the wings, are united by a dark dash towards the hind margin, a broad bar of dark chesnut-brown across the centre, bearing a pale patch on the costa, and varied by the dark longitudinal strigse on the veins ; the outer margin towards the costa is deeply angulated ; beyond this is a subapical fascia, angulated towards the costa, and formed of pale streaks ; the veins black, as they are also at the apical margin, each bearing two black dots. Hind wings pale, with two slender indented strigas and marginal black dots. Taken near Dartford in Kent, in April, but very rare. The caterpillar is green, with a yellowish line on each side, and a duller-coloured back ; it feeds on the honeysuckle. Obs. — I have omitted to refer to figure 12, drawn from the British Museum specimen, as it apparently ^ y^ belongs, from its pectinated antenns, neither to the present genus nor species. /*^' ■^''^ * SvNOSYMEs. — Geometra polycommata, Wien. Verz. ; Hubner; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 81 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 642. Species 2. — Lobophora lobulata'' — (Plate LXVIII., Figs. 14, 15) — Measures about li inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are whitish-gray, with about five very obsolete, undulated, brownish strigse, of which * See Miss Loudon's translation, published by the publisher of this work. VOL. II. I 5g BRITISH MOTHS the outermost has the inner edge dentate ; they are most conspicuous towards the costa ; the veins are dotted with black ; a row of black dots arranged in pairs along the apical margin ; hind wings paler, with indications of slight strigEe, and a dusky dot in the middle ; the margin with an interrupted black line. Caterpillar green, with a yellow line on each side; it feeds on the honeysuckle, and the moth" appears in April (June, according to Stephens). LoBOPHOBA cosT^STRiGATA, Haworth, Curtis, Stephens, Wood, fig. 644, is regarded by Mr. Stephens as being probably the female of the last described insect, measuring 1^ inch in expanse, with the wings ashy- white, with about five abbreviated, geminated, equidistant strigse, chiefly on the costa, which are occasionally nearly obsolete, and sometimes reach nearly to the hinder margin. Taken near Westerham in Kent, in July. ^ Synonymes. — Geometra lohulata, Hiibner; Treitschke : Curtis. Phalana dentistrigata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 643. Species 3. — Lobophora viretata'^ — Measures 13 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are greenish, fading to yellowish, with black clouds and fasciolas, barred with yellow and black equidistant strigae, formed of clouds and dots of black, and with a row of geminated black dots on the margin ; cilia ashy and brown ; hind winofs ashy, unspotted. The caterpillar is greenish-yellow, spotted with reddish-brown on the back ; it feeds on the privet, and the moth appears in June, occurring in the woods of Kent, Norfolk, and Essex. *= Synonyme. — Geometra viretata^ HxihriGv \ Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 646. Plialmna trinotata, Donovan, vol. xiv., pi. 499, fig. 11. Species 4. — Lobophora bdpestbata ^ — (Plate LXVIII., Fig. 16) — Measures 1 J inch in expanse ; fore wings white, with five waved brown strigae, the first angulated near the base of the wings, the fourth irregularly lobed beyond the middle, and the fifth subapical, sinuated within ; the apical margin slightly ashy, with a gemi- nated row of black dots ; hind wings with two deep brown waved striga beyond the middle, and a marginal streak of the same colour. Taken in Devonshire, in June, but very rare. '^ Synonymes Geometra rupestrata, Wien. Verz. ; Fabricius ; Hiibner ; Treitschke ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 645. SECTION B. — Hind wings of the males small, with large lobes. Hind tibicB with two pairs of spurs. Species 5. — Lobophora hexapteratap — (Plate LXVIII., Fig. 18) — Measures from 13 to 15 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are ashy-brown, with the base and a broad solid fascia beyond the middle, of dark brown ; the middle of the wings paler, with irrorations or pale strigs most evident on the costa, and with the apical margin irregularly brown. These lines and markings, however, are very variable, those on the centre of the wing being sometimes evanescent, in others they are completely atomose ; hind wings white, with more or less distinct strigae towards the margin. Female destitute of the winglet. Taken in Kent, and various other widely distant places, in June. ' Synonymes. — Phalana hexapterata, Fabricius; Donovan, 6, pi. 192 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, tig. 647. Phalcena halterata, Hufnagle. Species 6. — Lobophora sexalisata^ — (Plate LXVIII., Figs. 19, 20) — Measures from 9 to 11 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are ashy brown, with the base and three undulated strigae, the basal one before Jixa/a^ t^'s middle of the wing, beyond a broad striga, the second brownish and broad ; in the middle of which, towards «'-Z> the costa, is a black subocellated spot; the third forms a brownish fimbria, in which is a whitish undulated striga ; hind wings darker-coloured than in the last species, with a darker subapical striga and fimbria. The caterpillar is pale green, with a yellow line on each side, above which is a white one ; it feeds on sallow, and the moth appears in June and August. Taken in the woods of Surrey and Hampshire, but rare. ' Synonymes. — Geometra sexalisata, iliibnet; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 648. Geometra sexalata, Borkbausen. P1.69. if AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 59 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXIX. Insects. Fie. 1. Eupithecia Linariata (the beautiful pug). 2. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 3. Eupithecia pulchellata (the pretty pug). ,, Fig. 4. Eupithecia ret'tangulata (the green pug). Fig. 5. Eupithecia nigro-punct.ita (the little pug). Fig. 6. Eupithecia nigro-sericcata (the black silk pug). ,, Fig. 7. Eupithecia coronata (the V pug). ,, Fig. 8. Eupithecia strobilata (the double-striped pug). ,, Fig. 9. Eupithecia rufifasciata (the red-harred pug). „ Fig. 10. Eupithecia lievigata (the juniper pug). ,, Fig. 11. Eupithecia exiguata (the barberry pug). „ Fig. 12. Eupithecia abbre-snata (the short pug). Insects. — Fig. 13. Eupithecia nebulata (the brindled pug). ,, Fig. 14. Eupithecia albipunctata (the speckled pug). ,, Fig. 15. Eupithecia suhumbrata (the stnall-brindled pug). ,, Fig. 16. Eupithecia subfasciata (the subfasciated pug). ,, Fig, 17. Eupithecia vulgata, (the common pug). „ Fig. 18. Eupithecia irriguata (the Welsh pug). Plant. — Fig. 19. Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax). The insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of L. abbreviata, L. subfasciata, L. irriguata, and L. vulgata, from the collection of J. F. Stephens, Esq. The caterpillar is from Hubner. H. N. H. EUPITHECIA, Curtis. LARENTIA, pars, Tkeitschke. These small insects are well distinguished by their long narrow fore wings, extended horizontally in repose, and marked with numerous undulated strigse, and by the smallness of the hind wings (resembling the typical Lobophoree in this respect). The antennas are alike in both sexes ; the palpi porrected like a beak ; the tibiae of the fore feet very short, and the tarsi long and slender. The caterpillars are smooth, cylindrical, slightly elongated. The genus is very numerous. Species 1. — Eupithecia linariata*^ — (Plate LXIX., Figs. 1, 2)— Measures 9 or 10 lines in the expanse of the fore wings, which are reddish-white, with the base dark ; a broad waved ashy fascia in the middle, spotted with black, and margined with white, the apical portion spotted with ashy and black, through which runs a white undulated line ; hind wings with numerous ashy strigae ; the subapical one broad, with an undulated whitish line. The caterpillar is yellow or greenish, with dark chesnut spots on the back and sides ; it feeds on the flowers of the common toadflax, and the moth appears in the following June. Taken in various parts of Kent, but rare. s Synonyme. — Phaltena linariata, Wien. Verz. ; Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 64 ; Wood, fig. 649. Species 2. — ^Eupithecia pulchellata'' — (Plate LXIX., Fig. 3) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are narrower than in the preceding species, ashy-white, and more thickly clouded and streaked with brown and red, with a broad central ashy bar, deeply angulated towards the costa, and bearing a black dot ; apical portion of the wings clouded with brown, and bearing a white waved striga ; hind wings whitish, with numerous brown strigae, especially on the anal margin ; the base dotted with brown. Taken in the woods of Kent and Surrey, in July, but rare. ^ SvNo>riME. — Eupithecia pulchellata, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 650. Species 3. — Eupithecia rectangulata ' — (Plate LXIX., Fig. 4) — Varies from 8 to 10 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are very variable in their markings, being generally green, with strigae and clouds of brown, and with three more distinct, rather square, and somewhat confluent, brown patches on the apical portion of the wing. In some the wings are dark green, with the costa spotted with black, and with brown undulating strigae : others are green, with the dark strigae in the middle of the vnng collected into a broad dentated waved fascia across all the wings ; others are luteous gray, clouded with brown, and with a broad brown central fascia ; in others the wings are entirely sufiused with black, and in others with brown, with the markings almost obsolete. A very common species in gardens, occurring in the month of June. ■ Synonymes. — Phaltena Geometra rectangulata, Linnaeus; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood; fig. 651. Phaltena viridulata, Hufnagle. I 2 60 BRITISH MOTHS f/u. 3. Vc< .y.2> J^i3 tM^- Sfi.i V>-- A:.. ?- 62 BRITISH MOTHS species ; in some specimens with a narrow fascia before the middle of the wing, abruptly angulated towards the costa, and formed of confluent brownish strig» ; the middle of the wing with the ordinary black dot ; hind wings paler, with dark strigas, especially on the anal edge of the wings. Taken in June and July, in woods ; but not common. " SvNoNYME. — Geometra subumbrata, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 664. Species 18. — Eupithecia subfasciata '' — (Plate LXIX., Fig. 16) — Measures 10^ lines in expanse ; fore '""wines narrow, brown, with black longitudinal dashes on the veins, an indistinct fascia across the middle, and a pale dentated striga near the extremity of the wings, and an interrupted, black, slender line on the margin itself; hind wings paler towards the costal margin, and obscurely strigose on the anal margin. Very rare Taken in Darenth Wood, in June. " Synonyme. — Eupithecia subfasciata, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 665. Species 19. — Eupithecia yvLQATA.^ — (Plate LXIX., Fig. 17) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse; wings grayish-brown, almost immaculate, with the ordinary central dot nearly obsolete, and a scarcely visible, waved, whitish, subapical striga, dilated toward the hinder angle of the wing, and edged with brown within, and with a slender, dusky, marginal line ; ciUa clouded with dusky; hind wings nearly resembling the fore ones. Taken very commonly in gardens, in June and July. " Synonymes. — Phalcena vulgata, Haworth ; Stephens. Geometra minuta, Wien. Verz. ? Hiibner ? Species 20. — Eupithecia irriguata^. — (Plate LXIX., Fig. 18.) — " Whitish, anterior wings with 3 dusky bands ; the basal one angulated in the middle ; the second shghtly bent, interrupted in the middle, and terminating on the inner margin in three slender streaks ; the third similarly curved, forming a border, divided transversely by a waved whitish streak, slightly interrupted in the middle ; posterior wings with three waved griseous streaks, the marginal one darkest ; all the wings with a central black dot, and the fringe griseous, interrupted with dusky. Taken in April, on the mountains of South Wales*." We are indebted to the kindness of Mr. Stephens for the preceding description. » SvNoNYHE. — Geometra irriguata, Hiibner ; Geome. 77, f. 397 ; Treitschke, Sch. Eur. vi. st. 2, p. 124 ; Duponchel, L. F. v. yii. t. 202, f. 8. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXX. Insects. — Fig. 1. Eupithecia subfuscata (the brown grey pug). t, Fig. 2. Eupithecia innotata (the unspotted pug). ,, Fig. 3. Eupithecia notata (the dotted pug). ,, Fig. 4. Eupithecia elongata (^the long-winged pug). „ Fig. 5. The Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 6. Eupithecia simpliciata (the plain pug). ,, Fig. 7. Eupithecia pusillata (the small grey pug). ,, Fig. 8. Eupithecia absinthiata (the wormwood pug.) ,, Fig. 9. Eupithecia sobrinata (the Scotch pug). ,, Fig. 10. Eupithecia angustata( the narrow-winged pug). ,, Fig, 11. Eupithecia plumbeolata (the lead-coloured pug). ,, Fig. 12. Eupithecia subfulvata (the tawny pug). ,, Pig. 13. Eupithecia cognata (the allied pug). ,, Fig. 14. Eupithecia succenturiata (the bordered lime-speck P"g)- Insects. — Fig. 15. Eupithecia piperata (the peppered pug). ,, Fig. 16. Eupithecia centaureata (the lime-speck pug). Fig. 17. The Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 18. Eupithecia variegata (the marbled pug). „ Fig. 19. Eupithecia consignata (the pinion-spotted pug). ,, Fig. 20. Eupithecia venosata (the netted pug). Fig. 21. The Caterpillar. Plant. — Fig. 22. Centaurea nigra (common knapvceed). E. subfuscata, E. notata, and E. innotata, are from the cabinet of J. F. Stephens, Esq. ; the rest are from the collection of Mr. Bentley. The caterpillars are from Hiibner. The caterpillar of E. elongata is sometimes brown, H. N. H. • Boisduval gives the south of France and June as the place and time of appearance of this species. PI. 70. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 63 Species 21. — Eupithecia subpuscata" — (Plate LXX., Fig. 1) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse, and A.H.Ve^ has all the wings ashy brown, with the apical margin, and a dot in the middle of each, darker ; the former bearing a nearl)' obsolete whitish undulated striga, terminating near the hinder margin in a more distinct dot ; the disc of the wing with nearly obsolete dusky strigse, most distinct on the costa. Taken in gardens, about the end of May. " Synonyme. — PhaJana subfuscala, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 667. Species 22. — Eupithecia innotata ^ — (Plate LXX., Fig. 2) — Measures 10 lines in expanse, and has the wings grayish-brown ; the fore ones with two fascias, composed of four slender waved dark strig*, which are very indistinct, and with a black central dot, and a darker subapical striga, bordered by a waved whitish one ; the costa vtith several equidistant dark dots ; hind wings paler at the base. Taken near Darenth Wood, Kent, in June. ' Synonyme. — Phalcena innotata, Borkhausen ; Hiibner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 668. Species 23. — Eupithecia notata <^ — (Plate LXX., Fig. 3) — Measures 9 lines in expanse ; " fore wings grayish-brown, without the vestige of strigag, with a small central round black dot ; posterior wings rather paler, with some indistinct darker strigas." Taken near London, in June. / '■ Synonyme. — Eupithecia notata, Stephens, 111. Haust. 3, p. 286 ; Wood, fig. 669. Species 24. — Eupithecia elongata<^ — (Plate LXX., Figs. 4, 5) — Measures from 11 to 13 lines in expanse ; all the wings uniformly brown and elongated ; the fore ones with some spots on the costa blackish, and with a larger black elongated central spot, placed towards the costa, and vyith a subapical pale waved very indistinct striga ; the hind wings rather paler, with the ordinary dot smaller. Taken in gardens, in June. The caterpillar is slender, and either green or brown, with slender black markings. ^ Synonymes. — Phalana elongata, Hawortli ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 671. Geometra pimpinellata, Hubner. Species 25. — Eupithecia simpliciata " — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse, and is of a more robust figure, and with broader rounder wings than the preceding species ; they are of a grayish-ash, with very indistinct paler strigffi, and with a paler undulated one beyond the middle of the wing, and with a darker margin to all the wings, which is very slightly marked with a waved pale line ; the disc with the ordinary brown dot ; hind -'^^'^ ia^a, wings slightly strigose, and with a waved paler slender subapical line. Taken in woods, gardens, and lanes, in July. * Synonyme. — Phalcsna simpliciata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 672. Species 26. — Eupithecia pusillata ^ — (Plate LXX., Fig. 7) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; all the wings pale ashy, with rather darker strigae, and a border common to all the wings, and with the ordinary black central dot ; hind wings rather darker ashy, slightly strigose towards the anal margin. Taken in gardens and woods. ' Synonyme. — Geometra pusillata^ Hubner ; Haworth ; Stephens j Wood, fig. 673. Species 27. — Eupithecia absinthiata s — (Plate LXX., Fig. 8) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; all the wings gray-brown ; the fore ones with the costa marked with dark spots, and with the ordinary black central dot, and an interrupted undulated white line near the apical margin, which is dilated next the inner angle ; hind wings with the anal angle ashy, bearing a whitish dot, and the anal margin slightly strigose. Common in gardens, at the end of June. e Synonyme. — Phulaena Geometra al>sinihiata,L\aneeas; Haworth ; Hiibner (?); Stephens; Wood. f^/^ g4 BRITISH MOTHS Species 28. — Eupithecia sobrinata h. — (Plate LXX., Fig. 9.) — " Griseous-brown or dusky ; anterior wings varied with numerous waved black streaks, repeated in pairs, and some of them edged with whitish ; the central streaks angulated, and of a deeper black ; posterior wings also with waved dusky streaks, abbreviated towards the costa ; fringe of all the wings griseous, with a row of black dots at the base. Found in June, on the mountains of Arran, and other parts of Scotland." Stephens' MSS. Boisduval states that it occurs near Paris, in places where juniper abounds. i" Synonvme. — Genmetra sobrinata, Hiibner, Ge. t. 90, f. 465 ; TreitBchke, vi. t. 112 ; Dup. vii. 477, t. 204, f. 4. Species 29. — Eupithecia angustata ' — (Plate LXX., Fig. 10) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse, and has the fore wings very elongated and sublanceolate, of an ashy colour, with the middle of the wing darker, and with three oblique nearly equidistant whitish strig» ; the first straight, but very oblique, running from the middle of the hind margin to the costa, interrupted by the dark central ordinary spot ; the second twice as broad, slightly n waved, beyond that spot ; and the third more distinct, but slenderer, and undulated near the apical margin ; ^,2i. hind wings elongated, ashy, with very indistinct paler strigse. Taken m woods, about the begmning of August. ' Synonyme. — Phalisna angustata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 686. Species 30. — Eupithecia plumbeolata ■> — (Plate LXX., Fig. 11) — Measures 7 or 8 inches in expanse; wings leaden-ashy coloured, with numerous nearly obsolete darker and lighter strigae, without the ordinary dark dot in the middle of the wings. Found in woods, especially in the neighbourhood of Darenth, Kent, about the end of May. ' Synonyme Phaltena plumbeolata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 674. ' Species 31. — Eupithecia subfulvataI^ — (Plate LXX., Fig. 12) — Measures H or 12 lines in expanse; fore wings fulvous or reddish-brown, with the costa and apical margin brown ; the former with paler markings, indicating the origin of the ordinary strigse ; the disc with the ordinary dark dot, and with a subapical whitish waved striga; hind wings brown. Taken in woods, about the middle of August, but not common. ^ Synonymes Pkalcena subfulvata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 675. Larentia oxydata, Treitschke (?). A.-i/ i't-.L Species 32. — Eupithecia cognata ' — (Plate LXX., Fig. 13) — Measures 11 lines in expanse of the fore wings, which are ashy, slightly marbled with reddish-brown and whitish, with four waved paler strigae — one towards the base, the second in the middle, the third beyond, and the fourth subapical ; the costa marked with darker intermediate patches ; several of the veins streaked with black, and with the ordinary black spot on the disc ; hind wings paler, with a distinct darker striga. Taken in several parts of Scotland. ' Synonyme. — Eupithecia cognata, Stephens, Tllust. Haust. 3, p. 288 ; Wood, fig. 676. Species 33. — Eupithecia succentukiata ™ — (Plate LXX., Fig. 14) — Measures 11 to 12 lines in expanse, and has all the wings whitish-ashy, and but slightly clouded : the costa of the fore wings marked with broad darker patches ; disc with the ordinary dark dot, succeeded by a slightly-indicated dusky waved striga ; and the apical margin of all the wings darker brown, and bearing an undulated whitish line. The caterpillar chocolate- brown, with white stripes on the sides ; it feeds on the wormwood, and the moth appears in July, in the woods of Kent and Surrey, but is not very common. ■» Synonyme. — Phalana Geomeira suecenturiata, Linnseus ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 677. „ Species 34. — Eupithecia piperata " — (Plate LXX., Fig. 15) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; "wings /^ whitish, anterior thickly sprinkled throughout with minute darker or cinereous atoms, somewhat disposed in AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 65 strigje, with a small central black dot ; the costa and posterior margin fuscous-ash, the latter with an obscure whitish striga ; posterior wings whitish at the base ; the posterior margin brownish-ash, with irregular pale strifae ; on the hinder margin of all an interrupted faint pale line ; cilia fuscous. Taken in the beginning of July, on Kiddlesdown, near Croydon. Apparently scarce." Stephens, 1. c. " S\KOK\uF.. —Eupithecia piperata, Stephens, 111. Haust. 3, 288 ; Wood, fig. 678. Species 35. — Popithecia centaureata ° — (Plate LXX., Figs. 16, 17) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse ; wings white, slightly clouded with black ; the fore ones with the costa subinterrupted, blackish, having a dark nearly trigonate spot beyond the middle, in which is a black lunula, and with a white undulated subapical line ; hinder margin clouded with brownish ; hind wings white, with the anal and apical margins, and the small ordinary subcentral dark dot, more or less brown or brownish ; the former with indications of strigae. Taken in gardens, in June. The caterpillar is pale yellowish-green, with black markings on the back and sides; it feeds on Centaurea scabiosa, and other plants. ° Synonvmes. — Geometra centaureata, Wieo. Verz. ; Hubner; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 679; Harris; Aurelian, pi. 19, fig. a-f. Phalmna oblongata, Thunberg. Phalcena signata, Scopoli. Species 36. — Eupithecia variegata p — (Plate LXX., Fig. 18) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; wings whitish, marbled with brownish shades, especially on the costa ; a nearly straight striga near the base, beyond which is a narrow similar fascia, followed by another narrow fascia before the middle, and a central unangulated ashy-coloured fascia, in which are three narrow brown marks, the ordinary black spot resting on the first of them ; and the apical margin undulated and brown, interrupted with whitish ; bind wings ashy. Taken in the woods round London, in June ; also reared at the end of April b}' Mr. Lambert, from the larva? found in September. f Synonvmes. — Phalana variegata, Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 681. Eupithecia insignata, Curtis ; Hubner. Species 37- — Eupithecia consign ata^ — (Plate LXX., Fig. 19) — Measures 9 lines in expanse ; the wings are somewhat glaucous-coloured, with darker geminated strigse, which run together at the costa of the fore wings, forming black dots, and with a short straight black streak in the place of the ordinary dark dot near the middle of the wing towards the costa, beyond which is a triangular dark patch placed rather obliquely ; the hind wings are whitish-ashy, with the ordinary dark central dot, and the outer margin indistinctly strigose. Very rare. Taken about the end of June, in woods. The chrysalis found under the bark of the Whitethorn, by A. Cooper, Esq., in April. 1 Synonyme. — Geome/»* Phalana decussata, Donovan, vol. viii., pi. 266, fig. 3. VOL. II. 66 BRITISH MOTHS DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXI. CTs. — Fig. I. Fig. 2. „ Fig. 3. „ Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 7. ,. Fig. 8. Fig. 10. „ Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Pig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Cleogene Diveata. Hyria Auroraria (the purple -bordered gold). Hyria var. Jlinoa Cbseropbyllata (the cbimney-sweeper). Minoa Euphorbiata (the drab looper). 6. Caterpillar. Bapta bimaculata (the white pinion spotted). Bapta punctata (the clouded silver). 9. Caterpillar. Aplocera Ctesiata (the February carpet). Aploceraj var. flavici aetata. Emmelesia decolorata (the sandy carpet). Emmelesia affinitata (the rivulet). Emmelesia urbaria (the middle rivulet). Emmelesia rivulata (the small rivulet). Emmelesia ericetata (the heath rivulet). Emmelesia blandiata. Insects. — Fig. 18. Emmelesia albulata (the grass rivulet). ,, Fig. 19. Emmelesia tasniata. ,, Fig. '20. Emmelesia unifasciala (the single-barred rivulet). ,, Fig. 21. Emmelesia bifasciata (the double-barred rivulet). J, Fig. 22. Emmelesia rusticata, male (the least carpet). 23. Ditto female. J, Fig. 24. Emmelesia sylvata (the waved carpet). 5j Fig. 25. Emmelesia Blomeri (Captain Blomer's rivulet). J, Fig. 26. Emmelesia candidata (the small white wave). „ Fig. 27. Emmelesia luteata (the small yellow wave). „ Fig. 28. Emmelesia heparata (the dingy shell). The whole of the insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of Cleogene niveata and Emmel. tseniata, from the cabinet of Mr. Stephens, and E. blandiata, from Hiibner. The caterpillars are from Hiibner and Freyer. H. N. H. CLEOGENE, Duponchel. MINOA, pars Treitschke- The antennae are bipectinated in the males ; the palpi short, acute, and villose ; tlie spiral tongue long ; the ■wings rounded, destitute of markings, and unicolorous ; and the insects of small size — the female being smaller than the male ; the larvae are but slightly elongated and gibbose. The males fly by day in mountainous places, the female resting amongst the grass. Species 1. — Cleogene niveata ^ — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 1) — Measures nearly 1 inch in expanse j fore wings pearly- white, and without any markings ; hind wings snow white. Mr. Stephens possesses an unique specimen of the female from Scotland. ' Synonyme. — Phalce7ia niveata, Sco-poM; Treitschke; Hiibner; 1 Geometrafarinala, Botkh^nsen. Stephens ; Wood, fig. 684. Siona niveata^ Boisduval. Phaljena niveata, Fahricius, Ent. Syst. 3, part 1, p. 129 ("habitat in Anglia"), is distinct from the above ; it has the wings subangulated and white ; the fore ones with the posterior margin brown, and a central spot in the hind wings, black. Cleogene tinctoria ' — Measures 1 inch in expanse, and has all the wings of a pale clay colour, and destitute of markings. Supposed to have been introduced by mistake into tlie British lists. ^ Synonyme. — Geomeira tinctoria, Hiibner ; Treitschke ; Du- i Geometra lutearla, Esper ; Fahricius. ponchel ; Stephens ; Wood, plate 54, fig. 63. ( Cleogene tinctoria, Boisduval. HYRIA, Stephens, Curtis. Fidonia, pars, Godart. The antennaB of the males are ciliated, and furnished with long bristles on both sides ; in the males the spiral tongue rather short ; the palpi very short and horizontal, obtuse at the tip ; the wings in repose form a depressed triangle ; they are rounded and obtuse, and the hind tibiae in the males are destitute of spurs at the tip, and those of the female have only a pair at the tip. The females are much rarer than the males ; they rest amongst long coarse grass during the day, in marshy places. The caterpillars are long and vermiform. Species 1. — Hyria auroraria" — (Plate LXXI., Figs. 2, 3) — Measures about A of an inch in expanse ; wings orange, varied with lilac-purple (which soon fades), leaving a moderate sized orange patch in the centre of each, as well as the posterior portion and apical margin of the fore wings, and having a slender subapical blackish AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 67 fascia. Taken in marshy places near Croydon, Surrey ; Horning, Norfolk ; and Bristol ; towards the end of June. The caterpillar is grayish, with pale dorsal and lateral streaks ; it feeds on the great Plantain. The transforma- tions of this insect are beautifully figured by Lyonnet, in his Posthumous Researches, pi. 32. " SYNOtri'MEs. — Gfometra aurorariaj HUbner ; Hawortli ; Curtis, I Geometra variegata, Fabricius. pi. 523 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 685. Geometra sanguinaria, Hiibner. Pyralis auroralis, Wien. Yen. I Phalcena muricatay Hufaagle. MINOA, Treitschke. MINOA AND ODEZIA, Boisduval. The palpi are minute and remote ; the antennre simple but robust in the males ; the spiral tongue rather long ; the wings carried erect when at rest ; entire, rounded at the angles, and destitute of markings ; the posterior tibias in both sexes are furnished with two pairs of spurs. The perfect insects fly by day, amongst ferns, in open places, in woods, &c. The caterpillars are naked, and attenuated in front ; those of the second species are, however, inflated in the middle, and rather pilose. Species 1. — Minoa ch^rophyllata " — -(Plate LXXI., Fig. 4) — Measures from 1 to 1^ inch in expanse, and has the wings sooty black, except a small apical streak of white along the tip of the fore ones. The cater- pillar is obscure green, with a paler head ; it feeds on Chasrophyllum sylvestre, and the moth appears in June, in open places in woods, in great plenty.* ^ Synonymes. — Pkaiana chterophgUata^ LinDxus ; Harris ; Aure- lian, pi. 30, fig. o ; Donovan, 7, pi. 253, fig. 4 ; Haworth ; Ste- phens ; Wood, fig. 686. PhaltEna atrata, Linnwus ; Fauna Su. Tanwjra chwrophyUata, Duponchcl. Odezia chisrophyllata, Boisduval. Species 2. — Minoa euphorbiata ■" — (Plate LXXI., Figs. 5,6) — Measures about |^ inch in expanse, and has the wings entirely ashy-brown, slightly tinged with luteous. The caterpillar is yellowish-green, spotted with black and white, and with a dark line down the back, and a reddish head ; it feeds on several species of Euphorbia, and the moth appears at the end of May, in woody places, and is far from rare. " Synonymes. —PAatena euphorbiata, Wien. Verz. ; Fabricius ; Donovan, 5, pi. 153, fig. 1 ; HUbner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 637. Geometra murinaia^ Scopoli, Villars. Phalisna fuscata, Hufnagle. Phalcena sordiata, Haworth (olim) ; Villars and Mus. Linn. BAPTA, Stephens; MACARIA, p., Curtis ; ACIDALIA, p., Bdv. The antennse are short and simple in both sexes ; the palpi short and ascending, obtuse at the tip ; the spiral tongue long; the thorax and abdomen rather robust; the wings large, entire, and rounded along the apical margin, and of a white colour, varied with black markings. The caterpillars are robust, smooth, and entire. Species 1. — Bapta bimaculata^ — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 7) — Measures from 1 to If inch in expanse, and has the wings snowy-white, with the costa and apical margin slightly luteous ; the former with two black dots, and a minute black speck near the middle of the wing, towards the costa; beyond which is a shghtly-defined brownish striga, which runs across all the wings. Taken about the beginning of June, in woods and lanes, dn^tia, especially round the north of London, but rare. '«n^nWA, • Synonymes. — Phaltena Geometra bimaculata, Villars ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 688. Geometra thminala, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner. * Many rears ago my friend Tcmpleton shewed me a black Geometridcous moth, much larger than M. cha;rophyllata, which he had captured on one of the mountains in Ireland, and of which at the time I made a sketch, but which I have unfortunately mislaid. I have seen nothing like the insect in any collection I have examined. K 2 68 BRITISH MOTHS Species 2. — Bapta pdnctata ? — (Plate LXXL, Figs. 8, 9)— Measures about li inch in expanse : wings snow-white, the fore ones with the ordinary central dark dot, a small mark nearly opposite to this on the inner margin of the wing, a subapical fascia not quite reacliing to the costa, and a dark patch on the apical margin, which has a row of black dots ; the hind wings are slightly atoraose, and have a submarginal, dusky, almost evanescent fascia ; the fringe of the fore wings ashy, that of the hind ones white. The caterpillar is careen, but grey beneath, with a darker line on each side, and with the head and dorsal patches of brown. It feeds on the species of Prunus, and the moth appears in June, frequenting woody places, but it is rare. y SyN0NVME3. — PhaliEna punctata, Fabricius ; Stewart; Turtou. Phalcena rubeculata, Haworth. Geomelra temerata, Wien. Vera. ; Hubner, 6g. 91. 'H.h- APLOCERA, Stephens. As restricted by Mr. Stephens in his Illustrations, this genus is distinguished by its perfectly simple antennsB in both sexes ; the wings large, entire along the apical margin, with the disk thickly-marked with waved lines ; the palpi are short and slender, very squamose ; the spiral tongue rather short ; the abdomen slender. Species 1.— Aplocera ciESiATA^— (Plate LXXL, Fig. 10)— Measures from \\ to 1^ inch in expanse, and has the fore wings brownish, with a dark brown, broad, dentated fascia across the middle, edc^ed with white behind, and which is bifid towards the costa, bearing the ordinary black central dot in the furcation ; the base of the wing is traversed by several slender dark undulating strigse, as well as the space beyond the middle, which is also marked with a waved white subapical striga, and the apical margin with a row of dots, placed in pairs ; hind wings brownish, slightly strigose, and with a pale subapical striga ; margin dotted with black, as in the fore wings. Taken in the north of England, in June, frequenting old walls. (Mr. Haworth gives the end of February, and the neighbourhood of Peckham, as its time and place of capture.) * Synonymes. — Geometra ccesiata, Wien. Vera. ; Hubner ; Haworth ; Stephens. PhaloEna infrequentaia, Haworth (variety). Species 2. — Aploceea plavicincta^ — (Plate LXXL, Fig. 11) — Measures from If to 1^ inch in expanse, with the wings gray, thickly irrorated, with undulating and dentated dark lines, and with four clay-coloured fasciffi, three of which are placed before the middle of the wing, and the fourth beyond, the space behind which is paler, but much clouded with a subapical, waved, whitish striga, bearing fulvous dashes directed inwards ; the apical margin with black dots, arranged in pairs ; hind wings pale grayish, with a subapical, waved, dusky fascia. Taken in Cumberland, in June. This may be a fine variety of the preceding species. • SvNoNYME. — Geometra flavicincta, Hiibner ; Stephens, 111. H., 3, pi. 30, fig. 3. EMMELESIA, Stephens; MELANIPPE, Curtis. These insects have the palpi short and horizontal, with the tip subglobose ; the spiral tongue rather long ; the antennae simple in both sexes, or sometimes pubescent in the males ; the wings are entire along the apical margin, generally of a pale colour, with undulated dark and light strigae ; when at rest they form a depressed triangle. The caterpillars are long, slender, and smooth, and feed upon low plants. Jlr. Curtis has proposed two sections in the genus, some of the species possessing two pairs of spurs, and some only one pair to the hind tibiae. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 69 Species 1. — Emmelesia decolorata '' — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 12) — Varies from 1 to IJ- inch in expanse; fore winfs pale buff-coloured, with rather pale undulations, and with four obsoletely dentated white fascise, which are equidistant, the first being placed near the base, the second rather before the middle, the third broader, beyond the middle, and often interrupted ; the fourth very slender and subapical. The hiud wings are white, with a subcentral striga, and the apical margin slightly brownish. Very common in hedges and lanes, near woods, in June. ^ SvNoNYME, — Genmetra decolorata, Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens. Species 2. — Emmelesia affinitata <" — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 13) — Measures rather more than an inch in expanse ; wings of a brownish clay-colour, with brown undulated strigae, and with a conspicuous, white, irregularly-waved fascia beyond the middle, in which is a slender, brownish, undulated striga ; between this fascia and the apical margin is a very slender, nearly obsolete striga, formed of white arches, and at the apex itself the ordinary oblique, short, brown line. Hind wings pale brown, with a slightly-crenated, whitish, subapical fascia. Widely dispersed, and far from rare. Taken in June. * Synonymes. — Emmelesia a^nitata, Hiibner. Geometra alchemillata^ Hawortb, but not of Stepbens. Species 3. — Emmelesia tdrbaria'' — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 14) — Measures 10 or 11 lines in expanse; A } y wings brown, with numerous slender darker waves ; the fore ones with a fascia in the middle, which is narrow, and darker than the rest of the wing, followed by a narrow, more or less obsolete, white, sinuated, waved striga. placed beyond the middle, followed by a nearly obliterated, subapical, paler striga. Hind wings brown, with a dark dot in the middle, and an obsolete paler fascia beyond the middle. Found about the end of June, in numerous parts of the country, and far from rare. ** Synonymes PUaliSJia iurbaria^ Wien. Verz. ; Stepbens, 111.; Hiibner, Geometra rivutata, Haworth, but not of Hiibner. Species 4. — Emmelesia rivulata "■ — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 15) — Measures about |^ inch in expanse; fore wings pale fulvous brown, with darker undulated strigEe, a pale grayish fascia before the middle, often indistinct , and a broad, irregularly waved, white bar beyond the middle, in whicii is a slender brown line, and with a subapical, waved, very slender, white line; hind wings pale brown, very slightly undulated, and with the apical -.'■■f'-^^-'UiiUa. margin rather darker. The caterpillar is yellowish-green, with chesnut streaks ; it feeds on the Lamium purpureum, and the moth appears in June, and is taken in grassy places, in woods and lanes, and is widely dispersed, but rather rare. « Synonymes PhaliBna rivulata, Wien. Verz.; Hiibner; Stepbens, lUustr. ; but not of Haworth. Phalwna nassata, Fabricius ; Haworth. Species 5. — Emmelesia ericetata ' — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 16) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy-white, with several blackish curved strigae towards the base, followed by a central bar, with the edges very irregular and spotted with black, and bearing in its open part the ordinary black dot ; followed by a pale whitish bar, in which is a slender brovvnish striga ; the apical portion of the wing brown and gray, with a subapical, dentated, white striga ; apical margin with black dots, arranged in pairs ; hind wings slightly strigose. Taken in the north of England and Scotland, in June and July. ' Synonyme. — Geometra ericetata, Stephens, Illustr. H. Ill, pi. 32, fij. 3. Species 6. — Emmelesia blandiata ^ — (Plate LXXI, Fig. 17) — Measures f inch in expanse of the fore wings, which are snow-white, with an interrupted brown fascia in the middle, and the apical margin brownish, with an undulated white striga ; the hind wings white at the base, with the apical margin brownish. Taken in the north of England and Scotland, in June. ^ Synonyme. — Geometra blandiata, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner, fig. 258 ; Stcpbena. 70 BRITISH MOTHS Species 7- — Emjielesia albulata ' — (Plate LXXL, Fig. 18) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse, and has the fore wings whitish, with alternate, narrow, undulating fascias and strigEB, of grayish-red and white colours ; the apical portion of the wing is greyish-red, in which is an undulated white striga, which runs across all the wings ; hind wings brownish, with a narrow whitish fascia across the middle. Taken from the end of June to the beginning of August, in pasture grounds, and widely dispersed, but not common. ■■ Synonyjie, — PhalcBna albulata, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner ; Fabiicius ; Haworth ; Stephens. Species 8.— Emmelesia trigonata' — Measures |- inch in expanse, and has all the wings white, with an ' ashy-coloured fascia at the base, another in the middle, not interrupted, but formed of a costal patch, having a nearly triangular black spot, terminating in two obsolete bi'ownish strigse, which extend to the inner margin of the wing; the apical margin of all the wings is ashy, bearing a strongly-waved whitish striga. Taken at the end of June to the beginning of August, in hedges, at Westerham, Kent, and in Cumberland. This may prove to be a variety of the next species. ' Synonyme PhaltBna tru/onala, Haworth ; Stephens. Species 9. — Emmelesia t^niat a J — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 19) — Measures 11 lines in expanse, and has the fore wings ashy-fulvous, a narrow dark brown fascia near the base, followed by several dark strigse, narrowed behind ; across the middle of the wing runs a broad brown bar, inclosing a black central dot, with the edges waved and margined with white ; the apex of the wing with a brown patch, behind which it is varied vrith white and luteous, with a waved, subapical, slender whitish striga ; hind wings with a central dark dot, and a subapical pale striga. Taken in Cumberland, iu July. J Emmelesia tceniata, Stephens, 111. Haust., vol. iii., pi. 32, fig. 2. Species 10. — Emmelesia unipasciata' — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 20) — Measures 10 or 11 lines in expanse, and has the wings brownish-gray, with a central bar across the fore wings of brown, in which is the dark ordinary dot, and having the inner margin incurved towards the costa, and along the outer margin is a narrow, somewhat obsolete, subinterrupted, white, undulating striga ; near the apex is a faint, didymated, brown spot, and a short dark oblique dash ; the margin itself with a dark, slightly interrupted line. Hind wings brown, with a small central dot. Taken in the woods of Kent, in June and August. * Synonymes. — Phalisna niiifasciata, Haworth ; Stephens. Acidalia salicaria, Tveitschke ? Species 11. — Emmelesia bifasciata" — (Plate LXXI., Fig. 21) — Measures 11 lines in expanse, and has the fore wings ashy, with two oblique, nearly straight, contiguous fascias, bordered on each side with white ; the •^c /a ^*<, outer one rather beyond the middle of the wing, and rather sinuated and extended outwards; beyond these fascia there is a brown, somewhat didymated spot towards the costa, and another smaller didymated one at the apical angle ; hind wings ashy. Taken in various parts of Kent and other parts of England, as well as in Scotland, at the end of June. " Synonvme. — Phaliena bifasciata, Haworth ; Stephens j Curtis. JL a^Kr,»^«— t Species 12. — Emmelesia rusticata" — (Plate LXXI., Figs. 22, 23) — Measures f of an inch in expanse; fore "1^^ <^ "^/""■' wings white, somewhat clouded with brown at the base, and with a brown waved fascia in the middle, inclosing Ac Oiidc^UiL , and has the wings grayish buff, powdered with brown, with the ordinary black subcentral dot, and with obscure dusky waved strigse : the first, which is much curved, is sometimes obsolete ; the second is repanded beyond the dot ; and the third is between it and the apical margin ; beyond this is a nearly obsolete row of brown dots running across all the \vings ; and the margin itself has a row of dark somewhat triangular dots. Generally found on the coast, in Norfolk, Kent, Devonshire, &c., about the beginning of August. Geometra contiguakia, Hiibner; Haworth; and our PI. 76, fig. II, is regarded as a variety of the preceding, being rather larger, with paler wings, and more strongly marked and denticulated strigae. It is found in the same localities. "^Sywonymes Phal(Ena Geometra incanata, lAnu^m ; Haworth; Stephens. Geometra immutaria, Hiibner, nee. Liun^us. Species 9. — Ptychopoda immutata i' — (Plate LXXII., Figs. 12, 13) — Measures 10 or 11 lines in expanse, with the wings cream-coloured or whitish, with the small dark subcentral dot conspicuous, and with about five lutescent striga, nearly equidistant, slightly undulated ; the posterior ones often nearly evanescent ; the fi'inge generally dotted with black at the base. Taken in Norfolk and Huntingdonshire, in marshy places, about the beginning of July. The caterpillar is whitish, with the back purplish, dotted with black, and with red brown lateral patches. '' Synonymes. — PhaUenn Geometra immutata, Linnsus ; Ha«ortb ; Stephens, nee. Hiibner. Geomelru si/lveslraria, Hiibner ; Treitschke. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 75 Species 10. — Ptychopoda rubricata ^' — (Plate LXXII., Fig. 14) — Measures 11 lines in expanse, and has all the wings dark purplish-red ; the fore ones with three nearly equidistant dark strigas ; the apical portion rather darker, and the hind ones with two dark strigas. The antennse of the males are strongly setose, appearing bipectinated. Taken at the beginning of August, flying in the North Foreland Meadow, Dover ; also near York, but very rare. " Synonvme Geometrarubricala, Wien. Verz. ; HUbner ; Stephens ; 111. Haust. 3, pi. 31, fig. 1 ; Cuitis ; Wood, fig. 722. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXIII. Insrcis. — Fig. 1. Acidalia osseata (the dark cream wave). j Insects. — Fig. 18. Timandra imitaria (the small blood vein). „ Fig. 2. Acidalia — var. margine-punctata (the dotted bor- ! „ Fig. 19. Timandra variegata (the subangled wave). dered wave). ' „ Fig. 20. Timandra emutaria (the dusky wave). „ Fig. 3. Acidalia virgularia (the small dusty wave). „ Fig. 21. Macaria notata (the peacock). 22. Caterpillar. „ Fig. 4. Acidalia subsericeata (the satin wave). „ Fig. 23. Macaria alternata (the sharpangled peacock). „ Fig. 5. Acidalia aversata (the riband wave). „ Fig. 24. Macaria liturata (the lawny barred angle). „ Fig. 6. Acidalia remutata (the false riband wave). ■ 25. Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 7. Acidalia — var. inornata (the plain wave). „ Fig. 26. Ania emarginata (the scolloped double line). „ Fig. 8. Acidalia fumata (the smoky wave). ,, Fig. 27. Eunomos fle.-jula (the beautiful hook tip). „ Fig. 9. Acidalia lactata (the pale cream wave). „ Fig. 28. Macaria limhata (the bordered cheque). ,, Fig. 10. Acidalia — var. flos lactata (the cream wave). „ Fig. 29. Macaria prajatomata (the dingy angled). „ Fig. 11. Pcecilophasia marginata (the clouded border). 12. ., Fig. 30. Macaria subrufata (the slender-shaped rufous). Var. 13. Caterpillar. Fig. 14. Chlorissa viridata (the small grass emerald). Fig. 15. Chlorissa thymiaria (the common emerald). 16. Caterpillar. Fig. 17. Chlorissa putataria (the little emerald). „ Fig. 31. Macaiia unipunctata (the white spot). The whole of the insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. The caterpillars are from Hiibner and Freyer. H.N.H. ACIDALIA, Treitschke ; Curtis ; Boisduval. DOSYTHEA, pars, Duponchel. Mr. Stephens has separated, perhaps with too great niin«teness, the following species from those of the preceding genus, with which they agree in the anomalous structure of the hind tibise, furnished with brushes of hair, and destitute of spurs, whilst those of the females have one or two pairs of spurs ; as well as in the pale dull colouring of the wings, which are traversed by slight dusky strigas, more or less liable to become obsolete. From the Ptychopodse, however, they are generally distinguished by their more elongated fore wings, which have the apical margin without dark clouds. Species 1. — Acidalia osseata' — (Plate LXXIII., Fig. 1) — Measures |- inch in expanse; wings whitish buff, with the subcentral ordinary dark small dot, preceding which are two dark strigse, most conspicuous on the costa of the fore wings, and beyond which are three darker wavy slender strigas, common to all the wings, sometimes nearly obsolete (as in the variety Ph. subochreata, Steph.) ; the margin itself with a row of small oblong black dots. Common at the end of June, in hedges and woods. f SvNONYMEs.— PAfl/^na osseata, V/ien. Verz.; Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 723. Ptychopoda subochreata, Stephens Cat. (variety). Species 2.— Acidalia margine-punctata". — (Plate LXXIII., Fig. 2.) — Possibly a variety of the S-fia^,.Cna/a> preceding, from which it differs in being rather larger (measuring 10 lines in expanse), and being destitute of ' ' ' the ferruginous tinge on the costa of the fore wings, and with a distinct row of rounded black dots on the apical margin of all the wings. Taken in the New Forest. s Synonyme. — Acidalia margine punctata, Sie^^iens ; Wood, fig. 724. L 2 76 BRITISH MOTHS Species 3. — Acidalia virgularia '' — (Plate LXXIIL, Fig. 3) — Measures from 7 to 10 lines in expanse, and has the wings long and ashy-coloured, and thickly pulverose, with two oblique strigse, one of which is rather angulated before, and the other in the middle, of the wings ; the latter running across the hind wings, and with a broadish somewhat brownish border to all the wings, with minute white clouds and black specks ; Jntt,-r,>,u'<-- the margin itself with small black dots. A very common and widely-dispersed species, taken about the beginning of July, in hedges. ' Synonyme. — Geometra virgularia, Hubner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 725. Species 4. — Acidalia subsericeata ' — (Plate LXXIII., Fig. 4) — Measures 11 lines in expanse ; wings somewhat sericeous, pale whitish, with a greenish tinge, and five dusky undulating strigae, placed at equal distances apart ; all, except the first, running also across the hind wings ; the central ordinary dark dot being occasionally obsolete ; apical margins with a row of dusky dots. Taken at Darenth Wood, in Kent, in June. ' Synonyme. — PhaltBtia subsericeata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 72G. Species 5. — Acidalia aversataJ — (Plate LXXIII., Fig. 5) — Measures nearly 1^ inch in expanse; wings whitish or reddish ashy, thickly irrorated with brown atoms, with an evanescent brownish striga pre- ceding, and another, extending across all the wings, beyond the broad brown fascia, which is somewhat undulated, and extends across all the wings ; apical margin with a row of minute black dots. Very common in woods, in July and September. J Synonyme. — Phal(Bna Geometra aversata, Linnaeus; Haworth; Hubner; Stephens; Wood, fig. 728. Species 6.- — -Acidalia degeneraria "^ — Measures 13 lines in expanse; pale ochreous brown; all the wings with a subcentral black dot ; the fore ones with the costa red, and a reddish -brown fascia, rather before the middle ; and between it and the apical margin are two parallel sinuated fuscous strigEe, and another subapical almost indistinct ; the outer portion of the red fascia and the strigee carried across the hind wings ; the margin itself with a brown line. A single specimen, taken by Mr. Curtis, in the island of Portland, at the end of June. Having been omitted in the plate, a figure will be added in the Appendix. ^ Synonyme. — Geometra degeneraria, Hubner; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 384 ; Duponchel ; Stephens. S/vSVat. Species 7- — Acidalia remdtata ' — (Plate LXXIIL, Fig. 6) — Measures nearly 1^ inch in expanse, and has the wings whitish or reddish ashy-coloured and pulverose, with three equidistant slightly undulated strigae, variable in intensity ; the two outer ones running across all the wings, and with a slender interrupted dark brown line along the apical margin, and a row of minute black dots at the base of the fringe. Very common in woods, in June and September. ' Synonyme. — Phakena Geometra remutata, Linusus ; Haworth; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 729, but not of Hiibner. Species 8. — Acidalia inohnata " — (Plate LXXIIL, Fig. 7) — Measures nearly 1^ inch in expanse; wings pale brownish gray, nearly destitute of brown atoms, with three equidistant dusky strigje, which are nearly evanescent, and of which the posterior is sometimes obsoletely geminated ; the ordinary subcentral dark dot is distinct in all the wings, and the apical margin is destitute of the striga or dark dots of the preceding species, to which, however, this is very closely allied. Commonly taken in woods, especially those of Kent, in June and July. •" Synonymes. — Phalisna i«or/m/a, Haworth ; Stephens; Cur- | Phalana murinata? Fabricius. lis : Wood, fig. 727. | Idica suffusata, Treitschke. pl.Y.i AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 77 Species 9. — Acidalia fuliginata " — Measures 13 or 14 lines in expanse; all the wings smoky brown, with a darker striga, almost obsolete, running beyond the middle of the fore ones. Found in June, near London. " Synonyme. — PImlaena fuliginata, Haworth ; Stephens. Species 10. — Acidalia fumata" — (Plate LXXllI., Fig. 8) — Measures 13 or 14 lines in expanse ; wings ashy, thickly irrorated with brown atoms, with three or four dusky strigse, almost obsolete, the outer one followed by an obscure pale wave ; the apical margin immaculate ; the strigse more distinctly marked in the female. Taken in the northern counties of England, and in different parts of Scotland, in June and July ; also near Ashburton, Devon, by Messrs. Chart and Bentley. ° Synonyme. — Acidalia fitmata,C\ix\.\s\ Stephens; Wood, fig. 730. Species 11. — Acidalia lactata i"— (Plate LXXIII., Fig. 9) — Measures about 14 lines in expanse ; wings pale buff-white ; fore ones with a straight oblique striga, preceding the ordinary dark dot, which is followed by a second striga (which also crosses the hind wings, and is scarcely waved ; a third striga, more strongly marked, and much waved, is placed between this and the apical margin, and also crosses the hind wings ; the apical margin generally with the ordinary series of small black dots. The variety suhlactata has the basal striga obsolete ; but the strigse vary considerably in different specimens. Common in woods, in Jnne. P Synonymes PhalcBiia lactata, Hnworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 73 i. PhaliBna suhlactata, Haworth (v.ariety). Species 12.— Acidalia floslactata'' — (Plate LXXIII., Fig. 10) — Measures 13 lines in expanse ; wings cream- white, slightly atomose, with three or four considerably undulated darker striga crossing all the wings, and differently disposed to those in A. lactata ; apical margin generally unspotted. Common in woods, in June. 1 Synonymes PAotenayZo«/ac /' In Mr. Chant's collection. e SvNoNYME. — Phalana limbata, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 748. ENNOMOS, Treitschke. FALCARIA, Haworth. AVENTIA, Duponchel, Bdv. As the Phalsena flexula of Fabricius was given by Treitschke as the type of his genus Ennomos, (although the major part of the genus was composed of our Thorn moths), Mr. Stephens retained the generic name for that particular species ; other late authors have, however, given the name of Ennomos to the Thorns, and a distinct new generic name to P. flexula. I have, however, followed in Mr. Stephens's steps, as they are in accordance with the principle I have so repeatedly insisted upon in my writings. The antenna in the males are slightly pubescent ; the palpi rather long and prominent ; the wings expanded in repose, the fore ones deeply emarginata near the tip, and the hind ones rounded ; the hind tibiffi are incrassated, but furnished with two pairs of long spurs. The caterpillar is sublacertine, depressed, fimbriated at the sides, and furnished with a dorsal tubercle ; it feeds on lichens. Species 1. — Ennomos flexula '^ — (Plate LXXIII., Fig. 27) — Measures about 1^ inch in expanse ; ashy gray, thickly irrorated with brown scales, the fore ones with two whitish, flexuous strigse, one before and the other beyond the middle, bordered with brown on each side, and having two brown dots between them ; hind wings paler, with a whitish striga, similarly bordered, and a central brown dot. Caterpillar green, with the neck, a raised tubercle, the acuminated tail, head and feet all reddish. The perfect insect appears in July, in woods, but is far from common. •* Synonvmes. — Phalana flexula, Fabricius ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 750, Phalana Geometra sinwata, Villers. 82 BRITISH MOTHS DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXIV. Insects. — Fig. 1. Platypterys Ucertula (the scallop hook tip), Caterpillar. „ Fig. 3. Platypteryx, — var. Cultrarla (the pale scallop hook tip). M Fig* 4* Drepana falcataria (the pebble hook tip). 5. Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 6. Drepana hamula (the oak hook tip). ,, Fig. 7. Drepana unguicula (the barred hook tip), ,, Fig. S. Cilix compressa (the Chinese character). ,, Fig. 9. Hypena proboscidalis (the snout eggar likeness). 10. Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 11. Hypena obesalis (the pioioa snout). 2. I Insects. — Fig. 12. Hypena rostralis (the buttoned snout). 13. Cater- pillar. ,, Fig. 14. Hypena palpalis (the dark snout). ,, Fig. 15. Hypena crassalis (the beautiful snout). ,, Fig. 16. Jlacrochiiia cribralis (the dotted fan-foot), ,, Fig. 17. Pechipogon barbalis (t^he common fan-foot). 18. Caterpillar. ',, Fig. 19. Paracolax derivalis (the clay fan-foot). ,, Fig. 20. Paracolax tarsicrinalis (the fan-foot). ,, Fig. 21. Paracolax nemoralis (the small fan-foot). The "whole of the insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Jlr. Bentley ; the caterpillars are from Hiibner and Freyer. — H. N. H. Family PLATYPTERICID^, Stephens. The insects represented in the first eight figures of Plate 74, are anomalous in their relations ; resulting chiefly from the structure of their lacertine larvae : hence, Latreille unites them with Cerura, into a group which he calls Aposura, (Regne An., 2d Ed., V., p. 406) ; Mr. Curtis suggests a relation to the Atlas moth, not only from the falcate form of the wings of some of the species, but also from the structure, in those species, of the spiral tongue, which is short and fleshy, as in such Bombycidse which possess that organ ; whilst Mr. Stephens states, that, although the larvae resemble in their singular structure those of the typical Notodontidae, yet, from the habit of the perfect insects, the breadth and tenuity of their wings, their short legs, &c., he conceives them to be as nearly related to the terminal Geometridee, the larvse of one genus of which, Ennomos, is not very dissimilar to those of the present group, which he regards as a family under the name of Platyptericidse. There is another character, moreover, by which this latter relationship is effected, namely, the existence of only a single pair of spurs to the posterior tibiae, in the true genus Platypteryx. I could wish, however, to caU attention to the peculiarity of the manner in which the veins of the fore wings are disposed, by which they are separated from all the true Geometridae ; the great median vein, having, in addition to the three ordinary branches, a fourth, arising close upon the origin of the third ; above which the transverse vein is very oblique ; in other words, the longitudinal vein which ordinarily arises from the middle or front portion of the transverse vein (closing the great cell of the wing), is here pushed so far back that it touches the outer branch of the median vein. This character neither prevails amongst the Bombycidje, Notodontidae, nor Geometridse. A knowledge of the structure and metamorphoses of exotic Lepidopterous forms, will alone enable us to solve the question of the true situation of this interesting group. Will not the imago state of Sacoophora and the larva of Schizura, two genera of North American moths, described by Mr. E. Doubleday, in the Entomologist, assist in determining the relations of these insects ? I have therefore provisionally adopted Mr. Stephens' views in giving them as a distinct family. Mr. Haworth formed them into a separate group, named Falcaria. PLATYPTERYX, Laspeyees. The wings in this group are denticulated, and thickly marked with short, slender, transverse dark lines ; the antennae bipectinated in both sexes ; the spiral tongue almost rudimental : the palpi very minute ; the four posterior tibiae with only one pair of spurs. The caterpillars have fourteen feet, the two anal ones wanting, and the body attenuated to a point behind, and with tubercles on the back of the anterior segments. r PI- 74-. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 83 Species 1. — Platypteryx lacertinaria '-^(Plate LXXIV., Figs. 1, 2) — Varies from 1 to l-J- inch in expanse; wings fulvous-buff; hind ones paler, with numerous irregularly dusky transverse lineolse on the fore ones, which also have two oblique dark strigfe, between which is a dark dot ; the region of these strigje and the extremity of the fore wings darker : hind wings sometimes with a slight streak on the inner maro-in. The caterpillar is reddish brown, with darker markings : it feeds on Birch trees ; and the moth occurs in birch plantations from March to June, and is not very uncommon. ' SvNONVMEs. — Phalana Geometra lacerlinaria, Linnjeus ; DonovaD 7 ; pi. 251, fig. 2. Geometra lacertula, Wien. Verz.; Hiibner ; Hawortli ; Stephens; AVood, fig. 751. Phalana Scincula, Hiibner, $ . Geometra dentaria, Thunberg. Falcaria curvula, Haworth, (variety). Species 2.— Platypteryx cultrariaJ — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 3) — Differs from the preceding in being •^■^■Va^ rather larger, with the fore wings less strongly dentate ; the oblique strigfe parallel and rusty-brown ; the lineolffl almost or quite obsolete ; hind wings pale. Taken near London, and Monks Wood, Hunts ; Dorsetshire, &c., in July. ' Synonymes. — platypteryx cultraria. Leach ; Stephens ; Wood ; fig. 732. Falcaria laceriula $, Haworth. DREPANA, Laspetres. PLATYPTERYX, pars, Ochsenheimer, Curtis. The entire, but falcated, fore wings of these insects separate them from the preceding ; and the males have the antennae more deeply bipectinated than in the former ; but in D. falcataria those organs are slightly bipectinated in the female ; the spiral tongue is very short, and the hind tibire have only a single pair of spurs, thus approximating to the former ; whereas, in the other species the female antennae are simple, the hind tibiifi armed with two pairs of spurs, and the spiral tongue more developed. Species 1. — Drepana falcataria '' — (Plate LXXIV., Figs. 4, 5) — Measures from li to 1^ inch in expanse ; wings pale ochraceous buff, with five or six slender, very waved strigse running across all of them, and having a dark blotch and two dots in the middle of the fore ones, beyond which is a chestnut-brown, very oblique fascia, terminating above in a gray marginal patch. The caterpillar has the head brownish-yellow, with the mouth, sides of the body, anterior segments, and feet, green ; the back paler or reddish-brown, with a lateral line of pale red. It feeds on the birch, alder, trembling poplar, sallow, and oak, and the moth appears in May, June, and August, in woods, and is not uncommon. 'Synonymes. — Phalcena Geometra falcataria, hinmeas ; Stephens; Wood; fig. 753 ; Curtjs ; Brit. Ent. pi. 555. ""' Phalcena falcula, Wien. Vera. ; Hiibner ; Haworth. Species 2. — Drepana hamula' — Plate LXXIV., Fig. 6) — Measures from 15 to 17 lines in expanse, and has the wings fulvous ; the fore ones richer brown, with two much bent pale luteous strigse, between which are two dark dots towards the costa ; hind margin paler, with a dark patch towards the apex ; hind vdngs darker towards the inner margin, with several pale strigse, and a dark central dot. The caterpillar is dull flesh-coloured, with the head, anterior segments, and belly (extending to the tail), greenish-brown. It feeds on the oak ; and the moth occurs in May, June, and July, in oak and birch woods, but is uncommon. ' Synonymes. — Bombyx Aamu/a, Wien. Verz.; Hiibner; Albin, pi. 65, fig. a— d ; Wilkes, pi. 30 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 754. Phaltsna falcata, Fabricius ; Stewart ; Turton. Phalcena binaria, Hufnagle. PhaliBna sicula, Sepp., vol. ii., tab. 16. Phalcena lacerlinaria, the brown hook-tip, Harris ; Aurelian, pi. 41, f. a, b. h2 84 BRITISH MOTHS Species 3. — Deep ana uncula " ?. — It appears very doubtful how far the true B. uncula of Hiibner is a British species, since the old specimen described by Mr. Haworth does not accord therewith ; and Mr. Curtis jAu<, «UjK"er»-' States that he was not aware of any British specimen of the Hiibnerian insect existing in our cabinets. The *a«i« ■^ao»«<.i^«' fv< following is Mr. Stephens' description of specimens given to him by Mr. Haworth, taken, as is stated, in the metropolitan district : — " Expansion 15 lines ; wings tawny-yellowish ; anterior, with two paler approximating streaks, between which are two small, nearly united dusky points of similar size ; at the apex of the hinder margin is a dusky patch ; posterior wings paler in the male, with three pale luteous streaks. Female with all the wings paler, and the markings very indistinct." •" Synokymes. — Bombyx uncula, Hiibner? Drepana uncula, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 755. Species 4. — Drepana unguicdla" — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 7) — Measures 14 or 15 lines in expanse; fore wings not so much hooked as in the preceding, dark fulvous, with two paler streaks, being more widely apart towards the costa ; the space between them darker brown, with a brown spot towards the costa ; the apical margin dusky, with a pale striga ; hind wings similarly coloured to the fore ones. The caterpillar is dusky- brown, with the back red. It feeds on oak, beech, and blackthorn ; and the moth appears in May and June, in Richmond Park, Eppiug and New Forests, Dorsetshire, &c. ° Sykonymes. — Bombyx unguieula, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 756. Godart, 140, 4. Bombyx sioula, Esper. Species 5. — Drepana fasciata" — Measures 17 lines in expanse; wings brownish-lutescent ; the anterior with two oblique brown strigse, incurved towards the costa ; the hind wings with a single striga. Thus described by Haworth, from a specimen of unknown locality, in the collection of the late Mr. Swainson. ° Synonymes. — Drepana fasciata, Stephens ; Curtis. Falcaria uncula, Haworth. CILIX, Leach. EUCLEA, Hubner. The pretty little insect which is the type of this genus differs from all the other species of this group, in having the extremity of the fore wings not hooked, and the apical margin rounded ; the palpi are short and slender ; the antennae of the males are slightly bipectinated, and those of the females subserrated ; the hind tibicB have two pairs of spurs. The caterpillar is lacertine in its form. The moths, during repose, sit with their wings carried vertically, instead of extending horizontally, as they are in the species of Drepana. Platypteryx lacertinaria sits, however, with its wings deflexed, like the roof of a house. — Lyonnet Posth. Eech., pi. 35. ., Species 1. — Cilix compressaP — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 8) — Measures from 10 to 14 lines in expanse; *,i>. wings pearly- wh ite ; fore ones with a large central blotch of grayish-brown, extending to the hind margin, where it is darkest, and tinged with several leaden-coloured scales ; the veins of the wing in this patch being silvery ; apical margin with two rows of gray lunules, preceded by a dusky shade ; hind wings with the margin dusky. The caterpillar is reddish-brown, with the back gibbose, and the taU acuminated. It feeds on blackthorn ; and the moth occurs throughout the summer, and is a very common species. P Synonymes. — Bombyx compressa,,¥ahY\c\M?, ; Albin, pi. G5, ; — h ; Donovan, 7, pi. 239, fig. 2 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 757. Bombyx spinula, Vt'iea. Verz. ; Ilubuer; Haworth. Geometra modesia, Naturfiirscher, St., xiii., pi. 3, fig. 4. Phaltsna glaucataj Scopoli. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. S5 PYRALIDiE, Leach. CRAMBITES, Latreille. The species of this family are of comparatively small or moderate size, having the body slender and elongated ; the antennee simple, or but slightly ciliated in the males ; the labial palpi often very much elongated and porrected, but sometimes recurved, and those of the maxillae occasionally developed ; the maxiUse, or spiral tongue, generally of moderate length, although in Hydrocampa very small, and in Aglossa nearly obsolete ; the head sometimes furnished vrith a pair of ocelli ; the thorax of moderate size, not crested ; the wings also of moderate size, and generally placed in a triangle during repose ; the fore veings often angulated at the tip ; the legs ordinarily very long, especially the fore pair ; with the coxse nearly as long as the femora, thus indicating the great activity of movement which these insects so frequently exhibit. The males of some species have the fore legs singularly ornamented with brushes of hairs, capable of expansion, whence the species have received the name oi fan-footed moths; and the anterior tarsi of the males of some species of Pyralis are obsolete. There is considerable diversity in the preparatory stages of these insects : in general, the caterpillars are long and slightly hairy, having generally only three, but sometimes four, pairs of ventral feet. They are never geometrical in their movements, nor radicivorous in their habits, nor are they densely clothed with hairs. Some of the genera, as Nola, Simaethis, &c., are anomalous. The family, as restricted in the following pages, corresponds with Linnaeus's twelve or fourteen last species of the genus Geometra, and with the whole of his Pyralides, which he characterises " alls conniventibus in figuram deltoideam forcipatam." (Syst. Nat., vol. ii., p. 809.) The species of Hypena and its allies are the largest in the family, and frequent hedges and low herbage ; they are of dull colours, and the larvae are well distinguished by having only three pairs of ventral feet, and the chrysalis inclosed in a slight cocoon, in a leaf rolled up by the larvse.* The species of Aglossa, on the other hand, are domestic insects, their larvEe feeding upon butter, grease, and other similar substances ; whilst Pyralis farinalis, Lin., feeds on flour, meal, &c. The species of Pyrausta are gaily-coloured insects, which revel in the sunshine, hovering over grassy spots, but immediately settling as soon as the sun' is overcast ; whilst those of Hydrocampa and its allies, distinguished by their prettily-marked wings, (whence they have derived the name of China-marks,) frequent aquatic plants, upon which the larvae feed, inhabiting moveable cases, formed of portions of the plants ; the sides of the body of the larvae in some species which reside beneath the surface of the water being furnished with elongated filaments (as in some of the Phryganeidae), employed in extracting the oxygen from the water. HYPENA, SCHRANK. The insects of this genus are at once distinguished by their greatly elongated and squamose palpi ; the short terminal joint of which is generally bent upwards ; the antennas are slender and setaceous ; the spiral tongue as loner as the antennse ; the wings are of large size and trigonate, with the tips acute and generally rather falcate ; the posterior tibiae are furnished with two pairs of spurs ; and the fore wings in some species are furnished in the middle with small elevated tufts of scales. Species 1. — Hypena proboscidalis i — (Plate LXXIV., Figs. 9, 10) — Measures from If to 2 inches in expanse ; fore wings gray-brown, with an incurved dark striga near the base, and a central, nearly straight but * See Ljonnet Posih. Research., pi. 33, in which the traDsformationB of several species are figured. 36 BRITISH MOTHS oblique fascia across tlie middle, between which and the apical margin is a repanded striga, not extending to the costa, generally bearing several whitish dots on its outside, and with an oblique dark-brown line near the apex ; hind wings brown. The caterpillar is pale-green, with a few whitish dots, and slightly hairy. It feeds on nettles ; and the moth appears throughout the latter part of the summer, and is very common. <> SvNONYMEs. — PhalcBna Pyralis proboscidalis, Linnaeus ; Hiib- Phalana rostralis, Berkenliout. nei- ; Fabricius ; Haworth ; Hairis; Aurelian, pi. 31, fig. f — h; Sepp., vol. ii., pi. 2 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 758. Phalcena ensalis, Fabricius. Species 2. — Htpena kostralis >■ — (Plate LXXIV., Figs. 12, 13) — Measures 13 or 14 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale grayish-brown ; the basal half being darker-coloured, followed by a pale gray fascia, running rather obliquely across the middle ; costa with transverse dark streaks ; centre of the wing, towards the costa, with a short jet-black line, terminating within in a small round patch of elevated scales, with a pale edge, and behind in a small black bifid tuft ; apical portion of the wing clouded with paler and darker shades, and with an oblique dark dash near the apex. Sometimes the wings are almost of a uniform dull brown, with the black markings alone distinct ; hind wings paler, and immaculate. The caterpillar is pale green, with the head and a dorsal line of red, and a white stripe on each side. It feeds on the nettle and hop ; and the moth generally appears from May to July ; but I took very dark-coloured specimens in my residence at Hammersmith, on Christmas Day last, and at the beginning of the present month of January (1844). In 1827, Mr. Stephens and myself met with it in great numbers in lanes near Ripley. Hypena vittalis, Haworth (wings acute, subretuse, pale gray, rather clouded with brown, and with a broad costal yellowish vitta), is probably a variety of the last described species. ' Synonyme. — Phaliena Pyr. rostralis, Linnaeus ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 761. Species 3. — Hypena obesalis^ — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 11) — Measures 14 lines in expanse; fore wings acute, subretuse, grayish-ashy, with a large black costal patch, attenuated towards the base, and placed in front of the slender black elevated streak ; on the apical margin a row of pale obscure dots ; and near the apex an oblique dark streak. A single specimen, obtained by Mr. Haworth from Francillon's cabinet, is now in the collection of Mr. Chant. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis obesalis, Treitschke? Stephens; Wood, fig. 759. Pyralis crassalis, Hiibner ; Haworth. Species 4. — Hypena palpalis' — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 14) — Measures 14 lines in expanse; fore wings **" ' "' dark- coloured, with a very flexuous striga before the middle ; a second elevated transverse one in the middle, outwardly towards the costa marked with a large but nearly obsolete tooth ; between this and the apical margin is a third, more obsolete striga, formed oi obsoletely elevated darker dots ; along the margin itself is often a row of pale obsolete dots ; hind wings pitchy and shining. A single specimen of this species was also obtained by Mr. Haworth from Francillon's collection, and is now in Mr. Chant's cabinet. The locality of both is unknown. ' Synonyme. — Pyralis palpalis, Fabricius; Haworth; Hiibner; Stephens; Wood, fig. 760. Ohs. The three preceding species (forming the restricted genus Hypena of Hiibner) have small elevated tufts of scales on the wings. Species 5. — Hypena (Bomolocha, Hiibner) crassalis " — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 15) — Varies from 15 to 17 lines in expanse ; fore wings with the apical margin rounded, the tip not falcate ; a large dark-brown patch extends from the base to beyond the middle of the wing, angulated on the outer edge, and bearing two black AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 87 dots on its disc ; hinder and apical margins fleshy-buff, the latter -with a submarginal row of eight black dots, and a subapical oblique dark dash ; hind wings pale brown. Taken formerly at Westerham, and in 1827, in plenty, near Spitchweek, Devonshire, by Messrs. Chant and Bentley. " SvNoN-vMEs. — Crambus erasso/is, FabriciuB ; Treitschke; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 288 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 762 ; but not of Hiibner nor of Haworth. Pyralis achatalis, Hiibner ; Haworth. MACROCHILA, Hdbxer, Stephens. PYRALIS, pars, Cortis. HERMINIA, Latreille. The insects of this and the three following groups have the labial palpi very long and porrected obliquely ; the antennse of the males bipectinated ; the wings when at rest forming a triangle ; the fore feet in the males with singular brushes of hair ; the caterpillars with six or eight ventral feet. In the present group the wings are abbreviated, nearly of uniform colour, without transverse markings, and the males are destitute of anterior tarsi. It frequents fens. Species 1. — Mackochila cribralis *' — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 16) — Measures 13 or 14 lines in expanse ; wings whitish-ochre, paler on the disc, a small dot in the centre, and one or two oblique lines of dots beyond it of black ; more or less obsolete ; bind wings paler, with a submarginal row of similar dots. Taken in the fens of Huntingdonshire about the end of July. ' Syuonymes. — Pyralis cribalis, Hiibner ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 527 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 763. PECHIPOGON, Hubner; Stephens. PYRALIS, pars, Curtis. The palpi are porrected horizontally, and very long, with the terminal joint recurved ; the antennae bipecti- nated nearly to the tip ; the fore wings elongate triangular, with oblique streaks ; the fore feet of the males with fans ; the tarsi slender ; the larvae have only three pairs of ventral legs. It frequents woods. Species 1. — Pechipogon barbalis''' — (Plate LXXIV., Figs. 17, 18) — Measures from 11 to 15 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy-brown, with three equidistant dusky strigse, the first incurved before, and the second very much bent a little beyond the middle ; the third nearly straight and subapical ; hind wings similarly strigose. The caterpillar is robust, and of a red-brown colour, with darker longitudinal lines ; it feeds on the oak and birch ; and the moth appears throughout the summer, in woods, and is a common insect. I have a very pale specimen with all the markings nearly obsolete. ' Synonvmes. — Phalwna Pyralis barbalis, Linna-us, Albin. pi. j pi. 6, fig. 2. Fabricius ; Haworth ; Godart, pi. 1, fig. 5. Stephens ; 74, fig. e — h. Harris ; Aurelian, pi. 43, fig. 1 — t. Harris's Exposition, j Wood, tig. 764. Pyralis pectitalis,'&n\>neT. Mi PARACOLAX, HuBNER, Stephens. PYRALIS, pars, Curtis. This genus diflfers from the two preceding, in having the long middle joint of the palpi curved and ascending, and the terminal joint recurved ; the antennae slightly bipectinated in the males ; the head tufted ; the fore wings slightly elongated ; the disc with dark streaks ; the anterior tibiae in the males mostly furnished with brushes of hairs and incrassated, varying in the difi'erent species, and the fore tarsi occasionally wanting. Species 1. — Paracolax derivalis'^ — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 19) — Measures 14 or 15 lines in expanse; wings fulvous-buff, all with a dark central dot ; anterior with two dark incurved, and hind ones with a single h.2,. 88 BRITISH MOTHS H,3. transverse curved dark striga ; the fore tibiss of the males have only a short brush of hairs. Taken in June and August, in the woods of Kent, and also in Devonshire, but rare. » Synonyme. — Pyralis derivalis, Hubnei- ; Haworth ; Godart, vol. viii., pi. I , fig. 2. Stephens, 111. Haust., 4, pi. 33, fig. 2. Wood, fig. 765. Species 2. — Paracolax tarsicrinalis ^ — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 20) — Measures from 14 to 16 lines in expanse ; wings ochre-brown ; anterior with three strigse, the first incurved before, and the second much bent beyond the middle, the third straight towards the apical margin ; hind wings with two dusky strigse, edged on the outside with whitish ; fore tibiae of the males short, dilated, with long pale fascicles of hair terminating in black tufts ; antenna in the same sex incrassated in the middle, forming a process on the inside. The caterpillar feeds on Trifolium hispanicum ; and the moth is taken about the end of June, in woods. '' Synonyme. — Pyralis tarsicrinalis, Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 767. Species 3. — Paracolax nemoralis ^ — (Plate LXXIV., Fig. 21) — Measures 13 or 14 lines in expanse ; wings dirty reddish-buff ; the anterior with a straight striga before, and a much curved slender one beyond the middle, between which is a short, curved, dark streak, followed by a darker cloud ; near the apex is a third nearly straight dark striga ; hind wings dusky and slightly strigose. The anterior tarsi are wanting in the males. The caterpillar feeds on the golden saxifrage, nettle, and sorrel ; and the moth appears in June, in woods, and is far from common. ^ Synonymes. — Pyralis nemoralis, Fabricius ; Haworth; Stephens ; Godart, pi. 1, fig. 4, Wood, fig. 766. Pyralis grisealis, Wien. Verz. ; Hubner. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXV. Insects. — Fig. 1. CEthia emortualis (the olive crescent). 2. Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 3. Colobochylia saiicalis (the lesser bell). ,, Fig. 4. Svnaphe angustalis (the small snout). ,, Fig. 5. Cledeobia albistrigalis (the white line snout). ,, Fig. 6. Cledeobia costsestrigalis (the dark line snout). ,, Fig. 7. Camptylochila undulatis (the waved tabby). ,, Fig. 8. Camptylochila bistrigalis (the tmn-striped tabby.) ,, Fiff. 9. Aglossa pinguinalis (the large tabby). ,, Fig. 10. Aglossa cupreolatus (the small tabby). ,, Fig. 11. Aglossa dimidiatus (the tea tabby). ,, Fig. 12. Aglossa Streatfeildii (Streatfeild's tabby). ,, Fig, 13. Pyralis farinalis (the meal moth). ,, Fig. 14. Pyralis glaiicinalis (the double striped), ,, Fig. 15. Pyralis pictalis (the painted-meal moth). ,, Fig. 16. Hypsopygia costalis (the gold fringe). „ Fig, 17. Agrotera flammealis (the rosy-flounced). Q^thia Emortualis is from the figure of Godart and Duponchel ; Camptylochila bistrigalis from Stephens's figure ; Aglossa Streatfeildii from Curlis's figure. The others are all from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. The caterpillar is from Hiibner. H. N. H. ffiTHIA, HiJBNER, Stephens. PYRALIS, pars, Curtis. The antennae of the males are slightly pectinated ; the palpi short, pilose, and slightly reflexed ; the forehead not tufted ; the wings rather short, with the apical margin of the anterior pair rounded and entire, of pale colours, with paler striga. Species 1. — OSthia emortualis'' — (Plate LXXV., Figs. 1,2) — Measures 1 inch in expanse ; wings olive- buff, with a yellowish tinge ; the antennae with two pale strigas, edged within with a darker margin, and with a central lunate streak ; hind wings with a single pale striga, similarly edged with a slender darker margin. The caterpillar is yellowish-brown, with a darker line down the back, and some black dots on the sides ; it feeds on the oak ; and the moth appears in May. Mr. Stephens's specimen is from Devonshire. » Synonyme. — Pyralis emortualis, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Godart and Pup., pi. 1, fig. 4. Stephens; Wood, fig. 768. PI. 75. I ^ ^^^^ ■fr 'I' n^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 89 COLOBOCHYLIA, Hubner, Stephens (Illustk.) MADOPA, Stephens (Cat.) The palpi are short, rather slender, with the terminal joint minute and porrected ; the antennae slightly bipec- tinated in the males ; the fore wings short, subtriangular, traversed by oblique pale strigK, which do not cross the hind wings ; the legs slender and simple ; and the larvsB have only three pairs of ventral feet. Species 1. — Colobochylia salicalis'J — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 3) — Measures 12 or 13 lines in expanse ; fore wino-s of a brownish leaden colour, with two straight, nearly parallel, pale yellowish strigse between the base and middle of the wino-s, and a third one towards the apex, which is bent outwards and extends to the tip ; hind wino-s pale ash}', with a dusky mark near the anal angle. The caterpillar is slender, and of a green colour; it feeds on willows ; and the moth appears about the end of June; it is very rare, and has been taken near Bexley and Charlton. 1" Synonvme. — Puralis salicalis, Wien. Verz. ; Fabricius ; Htibner ; Hawonh ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 769. SYNAPHE, Hdbner. The species of this and the next genus differ from the preceding in their elongated bodies and wings ; but in this the labial palpi are very long, hairy, and slightly deflexed, with the terminal joint nearly half the length of the preceding ; tlie maxillary palpi are distinct, and slightly ascending ; the male antennas are bipectinated ; the fore wings with a broad central dark fascia ; the legs are slender and simple. In several of these respects the genus therefore approaches the Crambi. Species 1. — Synaphe angustalis "^ — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 4) — Measures 1 inch in expanse; fore wings fulvous or reddish-brown, with a central dusky fascia, narrowed behind, with a paler hind flexuous margin ; the costa dotted with whitish oblong spots, placed obliquely ; and in the middle of the fascia (which is often unsolid) is an ordinary dark dot ; the hind wings brown, with reddish fringe. The female measures only 1 1 lines in expanse, and has the wings somewhat luteous-coloureJ, with the central fascia darker. The caterpillar feeds on the marsh willow-herb ; and the moth is taken in the woods of the south of England, in July, but is very rare. •^ Synokvmes. — Pyralis angustalis, Hubner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 770. Pyralis curtails, Wien. Verz. Pyralis Bomhycalis, Hubner ; Haworth (female). Pyralis erigalis, Fabricius. CLEDEOBIA, Stephens. Although agreeing in general habit with the last-described insect, the two species of which this genus is composed are destitute of the maxillary palpi, the labial ones being long, porrected horizontally, broad, and densely squamose ; the antennas of the niales strongly ciliated, and the legs slender and simple. Species 1. — Cledeobia albistrigatus '• — (Plate LXXV., Fig. .5) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; wing pale brown; the fore ones with a broad, central, darker bar, with black margins, with the ordinary dark dot ; beyond the middle of this bar towards the costa, an obscure, undulated, white, subapical striga, and a marginal row of dark dots ; hind wings without spots. Taken in Kent (near Darenth), Norfolk, and Devonshire. ^ Synonymes. — Cram6w5 o/iis/ri^a/ws, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 77]. Species 2. — Cledeobia cost^estrigalis '' — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 6) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; wings pale ashy-brown ; the costa with a broad darker patch beyond the middle, terminated by a paler oblique 90 BRITISH MOTHS bar, leaving the extremity of the wing brownish, with a marginal row of dark dots ; the disc with two very slender dentated black lines, and a black patch ; hind wings darker on the inner margin. Taken near Whittlesea-mere, and in Norfolk. ^ Synokyme. — Cledeobia costcBstrigalis, Stephens (111.) ; Wood, fig. 772. CAMPTYLOCHILA, Stephens. PYRALIS, pars, Haworth. The antennffi are slender, and slightly bipectinated in the males ; the labial palpi are long, divaricating, and recurved; the terminal joint slender, and nearly as long as the preceding; the wings are entire, and rather broad, with the apical margin rounded, and the disc strigose ; the body rather robust. Species 1. — Camptylochila undulalis ^ — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 7)— Measures 14 lines in expanse ; wings ''*^ "" pale ashy-brown, and sprinkled with darker atoms ; the anterior with two slender wavy brown lines before the middle, and with a much more dentate one beyond, followed by a paler space and a darker cloud, terminating in a fourth dentated striga ; the margin vrith black dots ; hind wings similarly strigose. Very rare. Locality unknown. ' Synonvme. — Camptylochila undulalis, Stephens (111.); Wood, fig. 773. Species 2. — Camptylochila bistrigalis ° — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 8) — Measures lA inch in expanse ; fore wings rich purplish-brown, with a slightly curved dull luteous striga near the base ; a lunate spot in the middle ; a waved striga beyond the middle, and a subapical one, much angulated, near the posterior margin ; hind wings brown, with an obscure pale waved striga near the anal angle. Very rare. Locality unknown. s SvNONYME. — Camptylochila bistrigalis, Stephens, (111.), vol. iv., pi. 33, fig. 3 ; Wood, fig. 774. AGLOSSA, Lateeille. CRAMBUS, pars, Haworth. The antennse in the males are bipectinated ; the labial palpi projecting considerably in front of the head ; the terminal joint slender, and half as long as the preceding ; the maxillary palpi slender, but distinct ; the spiral tongue almost rudimental ; the wings shining, broad, entire, with the apical margin rounded. The caterpillars have four pairs of ventral feet. Species 1. — Aglossa pinguinalis '' — (Plate LXXV. Fig. 9) — Measures from 13 to 19 lines in expanse; fore wings ashy, darkly pulverose, with a broad obscure dark striga near the base, followed by a narrower one, most distinct on the costa, and a central dark dot ; beyond this are two very much waved obscure dark strigEe, and the margin is dotted with black ; hind wings plain, or obsoletely bistrigose. The caterpillar is dull brown and shining. It feeds on oleaginous matter ; and the moth appears at the end of the summer, and is very common. The variety described by Mr. Haworth as distinct is smaller and more uniformly coloured, especially on the hind wings. ^ ^ Synonymes. — Phalana Pyralis pinguinalis, Linnaeus; Hiib- I Crambus pinguinatus, Haworth. ner; Godart ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 775. / Crambus pinyuiculatus, Haworth (v.iriety). Species 2. — Aglossa cuprealis' — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 10) — Measures from 9 to 14 lines in expanse ; wings narrower than in the preceding, purplish-coppery-brown, with the base and apical portion, in certain lights, paler- coloured ; two flexuuus otrigra, the first before the middle, and the second very much angulated both towards AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 91 the apical and inner angleSj of a paler colour ; between these strigae is a double circular pale line ; hind wings paler, with a slender dusky margin, and obscurely strigose. A widely-dispersed, but not very common, species. ' Stkonymes. — Pyralis cuprealis, Hiibner ; Godart and Duponchel ; Curtis; Stephens; Wood, 6g. 776. Pyralis cupreoiaiO) Haworth. Species 3. — Aglossa Streatfeildii J — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 12) — Measures 14 lines in expanse; wings lurid ochre, pulverose; the fore ones with an angulated brown bar at the base, and a broad apical margin of the same colour ; the veins paler, and a dot on the centre, towards the costa; the margin itself ■with a row of black A dots ; hind wings rather paler at the base. A single specimen taken at Compton Bishop, at the foot of the Mendip Hills, Somerset, is in the cabinet of Mr. Curtis. ■■ Sykonyme. — Aglossa Streatfeildii, Curtis, British Ent., pi. 455 ; Stephens ; M'ood, fig. 777. Species 4. — Aglossa dimidiata*^ — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 11.) — Measures frcrm 10 to 14 lines in expanse ; wings rather narrow, ashy, with a purplish glossy tinge, clouded with about five black nebulae; the costa dark, with paler dots ; hind wings pale brown. Taken in the warehouses of the East India Company, the larva feeding on the tea in the chests ; but Mr. Haworth states, that what " truly fixes the insect as a British species, is that it is never found in any of the chests except such as have become cracked and damaged from prior causes ; " it is, however, rejected by Curtis and Stephens from the native lists, its food not being indigenous. ' Synonyme. — Crambus dimidiatiis, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, pi. 54, D. Br. Sp., fig. 67. PYRALIS, Linnj:us, Stephens. ASOPIA, Treitschke, Cuetis. The antenna are long and pubescent beneath in the males ; the palpi are short, the labial ones curved upwards with a short terminal joint, and the maxillary ones slender and porrected ; the spiral tongue long ; the wings rather elongated, and when closed form a long triangle ; the disc varied with lively hues, and paler strigffi. The caterpillars have sixteen feet. Species 1.- — Pyralis farinalis' — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 13) — Measures from 1 to 1^ inch in expanse ; fore wings fulvous-brown, with a purple brown patch at the base, edged with white, and a much curved, slender, sub- apical whitish striga, beyond which the wing is purple brown ; hind wings pale brown, with two pale very much-waved strigse, the space between which is darker, and some dark marginal dots. Taken in and about houses, in July and August ; the caterpillar feeding on meal, flour, &c. The perfect insect sits with the extremity of the body bent considerably upwards. ' Synonyme. — Phaltena Pyralis farinalis, Linnseus ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Godart and Dup. ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 778. Species 2. — Pyralis pictalis" — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 15) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; fore wings , dull lead-coloured at the base, a broad chesnut white bar across the middle, with the margins slightly waved '^u-^ -Utf and edged with white, a dark dot in the centre, and the extremities of the wings pale, castaneous, tinged with a lead-colour ; hind wings similarly coloured, but with the central fascia narrow and much sinuated. A single specimen taken in Poplar, near London, in July, in the cabinet of Mr. Robertson. ■» Synonyme. — Asopia piclalis, Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 503 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 779. Species 3. — Pyralis marginatus ° — Measures 1| inch in expanse ; wings brownish and thickly irrorated ^/i^ i^ with a much incurved dark striga at the base, edged with white, and a broader fascia beyond the middle, dark "''" N 2 92 BRITISH MOTHS brown edged with white, the inner margin curved, the outer parallel with the apical margin of the wings; hind wings pale brown. Taken near Barnstaple by Mr. Raddon, but very rare. " SvNoNYME. — Crambus marginatus, Haworth ; Sl'ephens ; Curtis ; Wood, pi. 54, D. Br. Sp., fig. 68. Species 4.— Pybalis gla0CINAlis° — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 14) — Measures from 1 to 1 1^ inch in expanse : fore wings "lossy liver-coloured-brown towards the costa, with a red tinge, which is marked with several very minute buff dots ; and with two slender, pale, fulvous, nearly straight strigae, one before and the other beyond the middle ; hind wings pale brown, with two slender whitish strigs. Taken in many parts of the country in the neighbourhood of houses. The palpi are in this species incurved, and the terminal joint is not exposed. (EucUta, Hiibner.) " Synonymes. Phaltena Pyralis glaudnalis, Linnaeus ; Haworth ; Fabricius ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 780. Pyralis nitidalis, Hiibner. HYPSOPYGIA, HuBNER, Stephens. ASOPIA, pars, Curtis. The antennae are slender and ciliated beneath in the males ; the palpi short and ascending with the terminal joint, not concealed ; the fore wings elongate, triangular ; the wings entire and glossy, and the fringe and costal spots of a golden colour. Species 1. — Hypsopygia costalisP— (Plate LXXV., Fig. 16) — Measures 8 or 10 lines in expanse ; wings ^""**^ . purplish-red, with two slender strigae of golden colour, which terminate on the costa in large spots; apical ^ j,^ margin and fringe also golden colour. The caterpillar feeds on the poplar ; and the moth appears m July and August, in gardens throughout the metropolitan district, but is rare. P Synonymes. — Phalcena costalis, Fabricius; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 781. Pyralis Jimbrialis, Hiibner ; Godart. AGROTERA, Schrank, Stephens. ASOPIA, pars, Curtis. The antennae are ciliated beneath in the males ; the palpi short, recurved, and close together in front of the face ; the terminal joint not concealed ; the fore wings elongate-triangular, with the tip slightly falcate, and the abdomen and feet much elongated, in which respect it approaches the genus Hydrocampa. Species 1. — Agrotera flammealis "i — (Plate LXXV., Fig. 17) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines ; wings ^al. * nearly obsolete striga before, and a broader duplicated subapical one, between which is a dark dot on the disc ; hind wings with two dusky strigae across the middle, the space between them paler ; fringe of the fore wings near the tip, white. The caterpillar feeds on the privet ; and the moth appears from the end of June to the beginning of July in woods and heaths. 1 Synonyme. — Pyralis flammealis,\l\i\mev\ Hawortli ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 782. PI. /d. ^ "^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXVI. 93 / Insfcts. —Fig. 1. )J Fig. 2. 3> Fig. 5. » Fig. e. J) Fig. 7. JJ Fig. 8 3> Fig. 9. " Fig. 10. « Fig. 11. » Fig. 12. S) Fig. 13 » Fig. 15. J> Fig. 16. » Fig. 17. 1> Fig. 18. w Fig. 19. Simaethis Fabriciana (the autumn nettle-tap). SiiuaetUis pariana (the double barred nettle-tap). 3. The Caterpillar. 4. The Cocoon. Simaethis lutosa (the early netlle-tap). Simai/this MvUeiaua ( Myller's nctlle-tap). Simaethis punctosa (the narrow silver-dotted). Anania octomaculata (the white spot). Ennychia anguinalis (the wavy-barred sable). Ennychia cingulata (the silver-barred sable). Ennychia rufo-fascialis (the flounced). Pyrausta purpumlis (the crimson and gold). Pyrausta punicealis (the purple and gold). 14. The Caterpillar. Pyrausta ostrinalis (the scarce purple and gold.) Pyrausta porphyrialis (the porphyry). Pyrausta cespi talis (the 8traw-b,arred). Pyrausta sordidalis (the dingy straw-barred). Diasemia literalis (the lettered China mark). Insects. — Fig. 20. Hydrocampa potamogata (the brown China mark). „ Fig. 21. Hydrocampa Nymphajata (the beautiful China mark). 22. The Caterpillar. 23. The Cater- pillar in its sheath or case. „ Fig. 24. Cataclysta lemnata (the small China mark). 25. The Female. „ Fig. 26. Parapony.x stratiotata (the ringed China mark). „ Fig. 27. Phlyctoeniasatnbucalis (the garden China mark). 28. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 29. Eudioptis liiccrnalis (the transp.arent China mark). „ Fig. 30. Nomophila hybridalis (the rush veneer). The whole of the insects in this Plate, with the exception of S. Pariana, from a continental specimen in the British Museum, are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. The Caterpillars .are from Hiibner, with the exception of that of Pariana, which is from Fischer. H. N. H. SIMAETHIS, Leach. ASOPIA, pars, Treitschke. The antennae are strongly ciliated in the males ; the palpi porrected obliquely, with the tips straight, and the terminal joint distinct ; the maxillary palpi not developed ; the body short, but not robust ; the wings are short and broad, and much clouded ; when at rest they nearly form a triangle ; and the legs are short. Tlieir trans- formations are unknown ; and it is doubtful if the present be the natural locality of the genus. In general form it approaches the Tortricidse. ■ku, 'fKfkoccJ H,2l . Species 1 . — Simaethis Fabriciana ■■ — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 1 ) — Measures 6 lines in expanse ; wings brown, with numerous ashy clouds, forming obscure fascia;, with a pale yellowish, waved, very slender striga beyond the middle ; the apical portion of the wing with a golden tinge ; the fringe with whitish and black patches ; hind wings with a golden tinge towards the margin, and with a short, pale yellow striga on the inner margin. ^ Synonymes. — Phnlana Tortrix Fabriciana, LinnsBUS ; Ha- worth ; Curtis; Stephens; Wood, fig. 783. Phaltena Tortrix Urticann, Wien. Veiz. ; Hiibner. Phaldsna Tinea Oxyacanthella^ Linnaeus ; Haworth. Simaethis dentata, Leach ; Hiibner. Asopia alternaits, Treitschke. ■',3 . Species 2. — Simaethis pariana "^ — (Plate LXXVI., Figs. 2 — 4) — Measures about 5 lines in expanse ; y^ 4^,i^^-■ wings brown, the anterior with an ashy central fascia edged with two blackish strigse ; the outer are undulating ; '"^Uu^n-J hind wings with a faint, whitish, submarginal striga ; fringe black and white : not uncommon. Taken in June in different parts of the country. The caterpillar is green, with minute black dots, and a brown head. ' Synonvme. — Phalter.a Tortrix pariana, Linnaeus ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood ; fig. 784. Species 3. — Simaethis lutosa ' — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 5) — Measures 5 fines in expanse ; fore wings chesnut-brown, with darker undulating clouds, and with a broad ashy bar beyond tlie middle, in which is a slender, brown, waved striga ; costa dotted with white; hind wings brown; fringe dark-coloured. Taken in ''/•'■Z. Pa<- the woods of the south of England, in March and June. ■ Synonymes. — Anthopldla lutosa, Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 785. Tortrix pariana, Hiibner. 94 BRITISH MOTHS Species 4. — Symaethis Myllerana " — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 6) — Measures 5 lines in expanse ; fore -wino-s f "'r'f I r^ brown, with a large, pale, atomose patch in the middle of the disc towards the inner margin ; the costa with ^, i three white spots, and the disc spotted with metallic dots, some of which form an interrupted striga towards the apical margin : hind wings brown, with a slender, white, abbreviated striga, and some minute white dots. Taken in various parts of the south of England, especially in Devonshire and Dorsetshire, on plants, in June and in the autumn. The palpi in this and the next species are fasciculate-squamose. " Synonyme.— Pi/raKs Myllerana, Fabricius; Haworth ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 320; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 786 Species 5. — Simaethis pdnctosa ' — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 7) — Measures 5 lines in expanse; fore wings Skli.VK: somewhat wedge-shaped, with the tip obliquely truncate, brownish; the disc irrorated with minute coppery scales ; costa dotted with white ; fringe white, in front and behind dusky ; hind wings ashy-brown, with an abbreviated whitish striga. Taken in Sussex and Dorsetshire, in August. ' Synonyme. — Anthophila punctosa, Hawortli ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 787. ANANIA, Hubnee, Stephens. PYRAUSTA, pars, Curtis. The antennsB are long, slender, and simple ; the palpi not quite so long as the head ; porrected like a beak and densely squamose ; the maxillary palpi small ; the body elongate ; the wings forming a triangle in repose ; the fore ones elongate-triangular, and all of black colour with large white patches : the middle tibiae in one sex are considerably thickened, and the spurs to the hind legs are greatly elongated, indicating (as I have also observed to be the case in very active genera of other orders *) a great activity and peculiarity of motion. Species 1. — Anania octomaculata *" — (Plate LXXVI., Fie. 8) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; Iv-iyye-*^^ , black; sides of thorax yellow; abdomen annulated with white; wings with eight white patches of nearly equal ^,21 size. Taken in the woods of Kent, and elsewhere, in June and August, but not common. "" Synonymes. — Geometra octomaculata, Linnseus ; (Mantissa) ; | Pyralis guttalis, Wieu. Verz. ; Hiibner. Harris ; Aurelian ; pi. 27, f, p ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 797. 1 Noctua trigutta, Esper. Phalasna airalis,Fa.b,; Donov.,8, pi. 266, fig. 4; Haworth; Curtis. I ENNYCHIA, Treitschke. PYRAUSTA, pars, Curtis. These insects are very closely allied to the last, differing chiefly in the rather more elongated palpi, an shorter wings, which are of black colours with white fascise or strigse ; and the middle feet, especially the femora, are much elongated. Like the last-described genus, the species fly in the bright sunbeams in grassy places. Species 1. — Ennychia anguinalis " — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 9) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; wings black, all with an undulated white striga beyond the middle, and the base slightly but irregularly maculated with the same colour. Taken in the woods of Kent and Middlesex. ' Synonyme Pyralis anguinalis, Huhnev ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 789. Species 2.— Ennychia ANGULATA J' — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 10) — Measures from 6 to 8 lines in expanse; 77 vnngs black, all with a straight white fascia beyond the middle ; fore wings more acute than in the preceding species. Rare ; taken in June, in Devonshire, and near Edinburgh. I have met with it in the Isle of Wight in August. y Synonyme. — Pyralis angulata, hmnxxis i Haworth; HUbner ; Stephens; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 128; Wood, fig. 788. * E. p., Orchesia in Coleoptera, and Platyura in Diptera. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 95 Species 3. — Ennycuia rdfofascialis ^ — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 11) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; wings ashy-red, with an oblique red fascia at the base, a red spot on the middle of the costa, and a subapical, very much-undulated red fascia ; the posterior wing reddish-white, with a dull, reddish border. Unique in the cabinet of Mr. Bentley from that of Mr. Haworth. Locality unknown. * Synonymes. — Ennychia ritfofascialis, Stephens; Wood, fig. 790. Pyralis fasciaiis, Haworth ; but not of Hiibner and Curtis. PYRAUSTA, Schrank. PYRALIS, Pars, Haworth. These insects have the wings adorned with orange or whitish spots, and fascije on a purple or brown ground ; the palpi are porrected into a thick squamose beak ; the spiral tongue is long ; the antennae slender and simple ; the feet elongate ; when at rest, they sit with their wings in a triangle, and they fly in the sunshine, frequenting heathy places and hedges. They are, in fact, very closely allied to the species of the two preceding groups. Species 1. — Pyrausta purpuralis-' — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 12) — Measures 10 lines in expanse ; vrings brown, with a rich purple gloss : between the base and middle of the wing are several small but variable fulvous dots, and beyond the middle an oblique orange-coloured fascia, composed of spots conjoined, and an occasionally obsolete, slender, subapical striga : hind wings brown, with a spot towards the base on the outer margin, followed by a curved fulvous striga beyond the middle, and an occasional submarginal slender striga of the same colour. The caterpillar is ashy, spotted with black and white, and with a yellow line on the back and sides : it feeds on the whitethorn ; and the moth appears in May and August, and is very common and widely dispersed. ■ Synonymes. — PhaltBua {Pyralis) purpuralis, Linnaeus ; Done- i Stephens ; Wood, fig. 793. van, l(f, pi. 339, fig. 2 ; Harris, Aurelian, pi. 28, fig. li.; Haworth ; | Pyralis coocinalis, Hiibner. Species 2. — Pyrausta punicealis '' — (Plate LXXVI., Figs. 13, 14) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings purplish brown, with an interrupted fascia beyond the middle, and some spots towards the , base of an orange colour ; also occasionally with a subapical paler striga ; hind wings, with a patch of yellow "V.a occasionally towards the base, and an entire orange fascia beyond the middle. Very common in June, July, and August. The caterpillar is green, with pale yellow lines on the back and sides. '' Synonyme. — Pyralis punicealis, Fabricius; Haworth ; Hiibner; Stephens; Wood, fig. 794. Species 3. — Pyrausta ostrinalis"^ — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 15) — Measures 7 lines in expanse; wings rich purpUsh brown ; the anterior with an orange patch towards the tips, occasionally dilated behind into an abbre- viated fascia, and some irregular small variable occasional dots on the disc ; hind wings with a broader orange fascia, the basal spot wanting. Taken in the southern counties, but rarer than the preceding. ' Synonyme. — Pyralis ostrinalis, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 795. Species 4. — Pyrausta porphtraxis "^ — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 16) — Measures from 6 to 9 lines in expanse ; wings brown, irrorated with golden scales, and with a patch of orange near the tips ; hind vrings with a broader orange, or whitish abbreviated fascia beyond the middle ; the disc of the fore wings occasionally bears some minute orange spots. Taken, in various parts of the country, in June, July, and August. I have taken it in the Isle of Wight. ■■ Synonyme. — Ph. Pyr. porphyralis, Wien. ; Verz. ; Fabricius ; Haworth ; Hiibner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 796. Species 5. — Pyrausta cespitalis ' — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 17) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; wings dark brown, with lighter clouds especially towards the costa, behind which is a darker dot in the middle of the <- inn »f "^ ir> -f S- St-j S", Vo^ 96 BRITISH MOTHS winof, followed by a dull straw-coloured striga dilated towards the costa, and an indistinct subapical striga of the same colour; hind wings brown with straw-coloured strigae. Taken in chalky places in July and August. ^ Synonyme. — Pyralis cespitalis^ Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 791. Species 6. — Pyrausta sordidalis* — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 18) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse; and is closely allied to the preceding, from which it diifers in its much more uniform colour ; the clouds very indistinct, and the straw-coloured marks nearly obliterated. Taken in chalky and grassy places throughout the summer months. f Synonyme. — Pyralis sordidaliSj H^'worth ; Hubner ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 792. DIASEMIA, Hubner, Stephens. HYDROCAMPA, Pars, Stephens, (Cat.) The species of this and the four following groups constitute a very interesting section of the present family, distinguished by their prettily variegated wings, whence they have received the name of China-marks : they are aquatic in their larva state, and in the imago there is considerable difference in the structure of their palpi as well as in the form of their wing. The type of this present group has the labial palpi porrected into a beak, with the extremity rather drooping ; the fore wings are very acute, and slightly falcate, and the maxillary palpi are slightly developed. Species 1. — Diasemia literalis = — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 19)^Measures about three quarters of an inch (in expanse ; wings brown, clouded with darker shades of brown ; the anterior with an oblique white streak at the base, with a curious white central mark, resembling an Arabic character, in the middle ; beyond this a white striga, bent outwards, and a slender white line next the costa, at the apex ; hind wings, brown with two whitish strigae, the second much angulated, and interrupted. Taken in June in moist places, Darenth Wood, Kent, and the New Forest. s Synonyme.- — Pyralis literalis, Wien. Verz. ; Hubner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 798. PhaltBna reticularis, Linnseus ; Faun. Suec. HYDROCAMPA, Latreille. NYMPHULA, Schrank. The species of this group have the labial palpi recurved, short, and very scaly ; the antennae simple, but with the tips slightly serrated ; the wings pale, marked with large dark double circles and streaks ; the fore ones with the tips not falcate. The apical margin slightly rounded. The caterpillars are slender, 16-footed, residing in cases formed of pieces of the leaves of water plants, on which they feed. Species 1. — Hydrocampa (Nymphula, Hub.) Potamogata'' — (Plate LXXVI., Fig. 20) — Varies from 1 to 14 inch in expanse; wings pale fulvous brown ; the fore ones with large patches of white surrounded by brown lines, and these by white edges ; hind wings, with tlie base, and a broad fascia across the middle, of white ; the ''T'V^*^" latter with a patch of fulvous in the middle ; along the apical margin of all the wings is a row of white, oblong dots more or less confluent : th markings of the wings are very variable as well as the shades of colour. The motii appears in June, July, and August, in marshes and on the edges of ditches, &c., and is very abundant. ^ Synonymes. — Phalcsna Geometra potamogata, LinnJcus ; i Harris, Exposition, pi. 8, fig. 2 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 799. Donovan, XI. pi. 363, fig. 1 ; Harris, Auielian, pi. 41, fig. 0 — 9; I Pyralis Nymphealis, Hubner., AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 97 Species 2. — Hydrocampa nymph^ata ' — (Plate LXXVI., Figs. 21, 22, 23) — Varies from |. to 1 inch in expanse ; wings white, divided into numerous large patches by brown (generally duplicated) lines, the space „fc»-. the strigas, the first of which is less distinct, and the outer one deeply angulated in the middle ; the apical portion also dusky ; hind wings brownish, with an indistinct brown striga beyond the middle, and sometimes a second formed of a row of dots next the margin. Rare ; found near London and in Norfolk in July, but rare. ' Synonyme. — Pyralis flavalis, 'SiAia^T ; Haworth ; Stephens; "Wood, fig. 819. Species 14. — Margaritia ochrealis'* — (Plate LXXVII., Fig. 18) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; Uutia> fore wings ochreous straw colour, with a slight incurved striga towards the base, and a much curved one beyond i-i.i>. the middle ; the two stigmata distinct, the first small and the second transverse ; hind wings dusky white with the central dot, and sub-apical dusky striga, sometimes nearly obsolete. Taken near London and elsewhere, in June, but not common. ^ Synonymes jP?/rfi/i5 ocArea/is, Fabricius; Hiibner ; Haworth; I P^ra/i5 Mapsa/i^, Treitscbke. Stephens ; 'Wood, fig. 824. | Pyralis verbascalis, Hiibner ; Haworth. Species 15. — Margaritia ferrugalis «" — (Plate LXXVII., Fig. 20) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; t.cr^tc--&^- wings rusty red ; the anterior with two dark stigmata, (the first small, the second reniform and larger) ; Hii preceding a waved brown striga ; apical margin with a row of dusky dots ; hind wings brown, with a dot in the middle, and the margin darker. Taken in various parts of the south of England, but rare. ' Synonyme. — Pyralis ferrugalis, Huhaer; Haworth; Stephens, Wood, fig. 822. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXVIIL Insects. — Fig. 1. Margaritia fulvalis (the fulvous dot). ,, Fig. 2. Margaritia verbascalis (the rusty china inarlv). ,, Fig. 3. Margaritia lougipedalis (the loug-legged pearl). „ Fig. 4. Margaritia pulveralis (the dusted pearl). ,, Fig. 5. Margaritia fuscalis (the cinereous pearl). ,, Fig. 6. Margaritia fimbrialis (the edged pearl). ,, Fig. 7. Margaritia institialis (the pale straw). ,, Fig. 8. Margaritia stramentalis (the cbecquered straw). ,, Fig. 9. Margaritia margaritalis (the clouded yellow pearl). 10. The Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 11, Margaritia sericealis (the straw dot). ,, Fig. 12. Margaritia alpinalis (the Alpine pearl). ,, Fig. 13. Margaritia sticticalis (the diamond spot). ,, Fig. 14. Margaritia olivalis (the white brindled). Insects. — Fig. 15. Margaritia prunalis (the clouded pearl). 16. Cater- pillar. ,, Fig. 17. Cyneda dentalis (the starry brindled). 18. Cater- pillar. ,, Fig. 19. Nola strigulalis (the least black arches), ,, Fig. 20. Nola monachalis (the small black arches). ,, Fig. 21. Nola cucuUatella (the short cloaked). ,, Fig. 22. Nola fuliginalis (the dusky cloaked). Plant. — Fig. 23. Echium vulgare (common buglos). Fulvalis is from Duponcbel's figure ; the solitary British specimen being too pale and faded to convey a good idea of the species ; Hubner's figure differs cousiderably from that of Duponchel. Fimbrialis is from Mr. Stephens's specimen as figured by Wood. The Caterpillars are from Freyer and Hiibner. H. N. H. A, IS Vi-. Species 16. — Margaritia fulvalis '^ — (Plate LXXVIIL, Fig. 1) — Measures 8 lines in expanse; fore wings fulvous red, with two brown strigse, edged on the outside with white, between which are the two ^JP fl^ PL 78. ./ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 103 stigmata edged with brown, the anterior one being the smallest ; apical margin with a dusky line ; hind wings ashy brown, with a central dusky spot, and a sub-apical, nearly obsolete striga. A single rubbed specimen of doubtful locality is in Mr. Stephens's collection. ^ Synonymk. — Pyralis /nivalis, Hiibner ; Stephens ; AVood, fig. 823. Species 17. — Margaeitia verbascalis^ — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 2) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings orange yellow, with dusky clouds ; an incurved dark striga towards the base, followed by a pale patch in the discoidal cell, bearing a dusky dot ; the outer stigma lunate transverse, and appearing to be connected behind with a dusky striga, which is however a portion of the succeeding striga, which is much curved towards the costa, and very deeply angulated and incurved in the middle ; beyond this is a deeply-waved dusky, and almost obsolete striga ; hind wings more obscure, with a dark spot, and two clear dentated and ■waved strigae. This is not an uncommon species in various parts of the south of England, occurring in July. g SvNoNYMES. — Pyralis verbascalis, Wien. Vera. ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 820. Pyralis arcualis, Hiibner ; Haworth. Species 18. — Margaritia longipedalis '' — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 3) — Measures 13 or 14 lines in expanse ; fore wings reddish ochre, with the two stigmata whitish and distinct, the first small and round, the second ear-shaped ; behind the first is a slender dusky line, and beyond the outer one is a dusky striga, arising from a dark dot on the costa, and very much sinuated in the middle : hind wings slightly rusty brown, with two dusky strigre ; wings, body, and legs long and slender. Taken near Weymouth, Teignmouth, and Ryde, amongst brambles at the beginning of July. i" SvNONYME. — Scapula longipedalis, Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 312 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 825. Species 19. — Margaritia pulveralis ' — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 4) — Measures f inch in expanse ; wings pale ashy straw colour, with an incurved striga near the base, and an irregularly waved one beyond the middle ; both very faint, and between them a faint lunule ; apical portion of the wings rather darker ; hind wings paler, faintly strigose. Taken in June, at Darenth Wood, but very rare. ' Synonyme. — Pyralis pulveralis, Hiibner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 826. Species 20. — Margaritia fuscalis'' — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 5) — Measures from ^ to 1 inch in expanse ; wings ashy brown ; the anterior with the base rather clouded, and with a brown lunule preceding a repanded dusky waved striga, which runs across all the wings, and the outer edge of which is paler ; hind wings with a central dot. The caterpillar is pale green, with a bright line down the back, and dusky lateral stripes. It feeds on the golden rod, and the moth appears in June, and is far from rare in the south of England. '' Synonymes. — Pyralis fuscalis, 'Wien. Verz. ; Curtis; Stephens; Wood, fig. 827. Pyralis cineralis, Fabricius ; Hiibner ; Haworth. Species 21. — Margaritia fijibrialls ' — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 6) — Measures 1 inch in expanse ; wings whitish ash, with the two stigmata very faint, preceded by a nearly obsolete incurved striga, and followed b)' a very much waved brown striga, which also runs across the hind wings, the space beyond which is dusky. Taken at Darenth Wood, and near Dover, in June. (Stephens.) ' Synonyme. — ilfarpariiia^mJrtafts, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 828. Species 22. — Margaritia institialis ™ — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 7) — Measures from 10 lines to 1 inch in expanse; wings whitish straw; obsoletely strigose, with two large stigmata, the luteous margins of which are alone distinct ; beyond the stigmata is a faint lutescent striga ; hind wings with a central dot, and obsolete ho. K Hi ..H-Vi ie. ila/l. H.Z>. 104 BRITISH MOTHS striga, and with a large dusky cloud on the outer angle. A very widely dispersed, and not very rare species, found about the end of June. ■° SynonyiMes. — Pyralis institialis, TiuhaeT ; Curtis; Stephens (Illnstr.) ; Wood, fig. 829. Pyralis httealis, Hawortli ; Stephens (Catal.) ; but not of Hiibner. Species 23. — Margaritia stramentalis ° — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 8) — Measures 1 inch in expanse ; fore wings straw-yellow, pulverose, reticulated with faint pitchy brown veins, and four nearly equi-distant waved .^rwt^^ striga, the ordinary space between the stigmata being pale ; the outer stigma reniform, and edged with brown j^ ^ lines, and connected with the preceding one, which is heart-shaped ; hind wings whitish-buff, with the posterior margin and a slender line near the margin of brown ; the fringe of the fore wings ashy, of the hind ones white, and with a dusky spot near the anal angle. Taken in marshy places near London, and in Norfolk, in June. " Synokvmes. — Pyralis stramentalis, Treitschke ; Hiibner; (Verz.) Stephens (lUust.) ; "Wood, fig. 830. Pyralis elutalis, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens. (Catal.) Species 24. — Margaritia margaritalis o — (Plate LXXVIII., Figs. 9, 10) — Measures about 1^ inch in -, expanse; fore wings pale orange or rich straw-coloured, with the extremity reddish brown, with slight indica- jth'^'^ . . ... hutaf'UlA^' tions of strigffi across and beyond the middle of the wing, and an oblique darker patch at the apex ; Lind wings '^'^ paler, almost white, with a pale reddish-brown margin. Taken in Norfolk, Berks, and near Bedford, and Bristol, in June. The caterpillar is straw-coloured, with a reddish line on each side, and black dots. It feeds on grasses. ° Synonymes. — Phalwna margaritalis, Wkn. Verz ; Fabricius; Stephens; Wood, fig, 831. Pyralis erucalis, Hiibner. Species 25. — Margaritia sericealis p — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 1 1) — Measures 10 lines in expanse ; ^Im^^t^ fore wings yellow buff, with the tips reddish brown, and with a reniform brown stigma, each end bearing a black dot, beyond which is a slight yellow brown striga ; hind wings pale dirty white. The caterpillar is green, with two white stripes down the back, and some black dots ; it feeds on grasses. The moth is rather common, and is taken in woods, in July. P Synonymes Pyralis sericealis, Wien. Yerz. ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 832. Pyralis Leeana, Fabricius ; Donovan 10, pi. 357, fig. 1. Species 26. — Margaritia alpinalis "^ — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 12) — Measures 13 lines .in expanse ; Ji^^U> r^j.g ^j^gg ^y]j ashy-coloured, with darker scales, and a small pale, almost indistinct, spot beyond the middle JZ towards the costa ; hind wings paler, with an ashy border. Taken on the tops of some of the Scotch mountains, in July. 1 Synonymes Pyralis alpinalis, y^Ken. Verz; Hiibner; Stephens (lUust.); Wood, fig. 833. Scapula uliginosalis, Curtis, MS. ; Stephens (Catal.) Species 27. — Margaritia sticticalis ■■ — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 13) — Measures 13 or 14 lines in J^cioeUj expanse ; wings shining, brownish, with a square whitish patch in the middle towards the costa, a pale dot on UCtM.uO-' ^,ijg costa near the apex, and a sub-marginal whitish striga; hind wings brown, with an obsolete darker striga beyond the middle. Taken in July, and widely dispersed, but rare. ' Synonymes. — Phaltena Pyralis sticticalis, Linnseus ; Stephens, I Pyralis tetragonalis, Haworth ; Stephens (Catal.) (Illustr.) ; Wood, fig. 834. I Pyralis fuscaliSjHahnet. Ji^,.^,j Species 28. — Margaritia olivalis^ — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 14) — Measures 1 inch in expanse; fore od'vhfi-i winss brown, with two small white spots towards the base, a squarish white patch in the middle towards the AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS 105 costa, followed by an oblong one, and an indistinct striga ; costa with some black and white dots at the extremity ; hind wings whitish with a brown border. Caterpillar dull green, with broad pale stripes on the back and sides, and a green head ; it feeds on Veronica officinalis ; and the moth appears in June, and is very abundant. * S\-No>-k-MEs. — Pyralis olivalis, Wien. Ven. ; Curtis ; Stephens I Scapula nivealis, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Harris ; Anrelian, pi. "29, (Illustr.) ; Wood, fig. 835. ( fig. p — s ; Stephens (Catal.) Pyralis umbralis, Hiibner. Species 29. — Margaritia prunalis '. — (Plate LXXVIII., Figs. 15, 16.) — This common insect measures about 1 inch in expanse, and has the fore- wings dull ashy-brown very slightly clouded with lighter shades ; the two ordinary stigmata indicated by dusky outlines, and behind them is a very slight dusky striga, and followed by a curved zigzag striga : a row of small black dots along the apical margin of the wings ; the costa, towards the apex, is varied with white and dusky dots. The caterpillar is green, with paler dorsal stripes and black dots. It feeds on the blackthorn ; and the moth appears at the end of June. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis prunalis, Wien. Verz. ; Treitschke ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 836. Pyralis nebulalis, Haworth ; but not of Hiibner. Pyralis leucophealis, Hiibner. Pyralis elutalis, Wien. Verz. Pyralis albinalis, Hiibner. NASCIA, Curtis. MARGARITIA, pars, Stephens. The antenns are slender and filiform ; the labial palpi porrected in front of the head, and drooping slightly like a beak ; the maxiUae, or spiral tongue, rather short ; the maxillary palpi short, distinct, with the apex truncate ; the fore wings with the apex slightly hooked. Species 1. — Nascia cilialis" — (Plate LXSVIH., Fig. 19) — Measures 11 lines in expanse; fore wings pale orange, with the costa and veins bright ferruginous, the former shaded with a grayish bloom, the edge white, fringe whitish, with a brown line at the base : hind wings ochreous, yeUowish-white at the base. Taken near Cambridge, in June. Obs. In Hlibner's figure there is a dusky suffused subapical striga in the fore wings, of which Mr. Curtis''3 specimen is destitute. " SYNomfME. — Pyralis cilialis, Hiibner ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 599 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 821. 0 1 CYN^DA, HuBNER, Stephens. ODONTIA, Duponchel, Curtis. The antennas are rather short, slender, and simple ; the spiral tongue very short ; the maxillary palpi developed and squamose ; the labial palpi rather longer than the head, porrected straight in front, and beak- like ; the tip gradually acuminated ; the fore wings are rounded at the tips, and are stated to be carried in a deflexed triangle when at rest. The caterpillars are thick, smooth, white, and fleshy, with small black tubercles ; they have sixteen feet, and reside in the stalks of plants. Species 1. — Cyx.s:da dentalis'' — (Plate LXXVIII., Figs. 17, 18) — Measures 10 or 11 lines in expanse; wings very pale straw-coloured buff, varied with white transverse markings in the middle, towards the costa, followed by a very dentated or stellated white striga, edged with black dentated or very zigzag lines, and iKMJS&v followed by pale longitudinal dashes extending to the tips of the fringe, separated from each other by black lines ; hind wings with a similar dentated striga beyond the middle. The caterpillar is pale and flesh-coloured. i. c/ 106 BRITISH MOTHS with the head and prothorax black, and black tubercles over the body. It feeds within the stems of Echium vulgare, which it quits, previous to assuming the chrysalis state within a dense cocoon, amongst the leaves. Extremely rare : near London, and Tavistock in Devonshire. It appears at the end of June, and beginning of August. ^ SvNONYMES. — Pyralxs dentalis, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibnei- ; i Noctuafulminans, F^bticms. Haworth ; Stephens, 111. Haust., 4, pi. 33, fig. 1 ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., Phalcena ramalis; Fabricius. pi. 583; Wood, fig. 837. | NOLA, Leach. HERCYNA, pars, Teeitschke. This curious genus has the antennse of moderate length, and pilose beneath in the males ; the palpi large, and slightly drooping ; the spiral tongue short ; the wings broad and entire, with the tips rather rounded ; the fore ones, when at rest, forming a deflexed triangle ; the disc with elevated tufts of scales. The caterpillars hairy, flattened, and J4-footed; the cocoon conical, with one end truncated. Figures of the difiierent states of this genus will be found in my " Modern Classification of Insects," vol. ii. p. 399, figs. 110, 11 — 15. This genus is of difficult locality. In several respects it closely approximates to several of the groups of the following family. Species 1. — Nola strigulalis *' — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 19) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse; fore Ci.AjUU> wings white, with several fulvous tufts between the base and the middle of the wing, towards the costa ; a much- curved dusky striga towards the base ; another broader, waved, and ashy-coloured, and marked with black dots across the middle ; the apical portions of the wing gray, with whitish undulated striga ; hind wings pale ashy. Caterpillar ochreous-yellow and hairy. It feeds on the oak ; and the moth appears about the beginning of June. Widely dispersed, but not a very common species in woods. " Synonymk. — Pyralis slngulalis,YLxi!aiitx; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 838. Species 2. — Nola monachalis '^ — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 20) — Measures from 10 to 11^ lines in expanse; ^^i^icu j-Qpg wings ashy-gray ; the costa varied with darker and lighter patches ; a waved striga before, and another broader beyond the middle, inclosing three brown patches ; extremity of the wing clouded with darker and lighter shades, and with short black dashes on the veins, and an apical row of black dots ; hind wings dusky. Taken in woods, in June, but rare ; and supposed by Mr. Stephens to be a possible suffused variety of the preceding insect. " Synonyme. — Pyralis monachalis, Haworth j Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 428 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 839. Species 3. — Nola cucullatblla '' — (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 21) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; wings ashy- white ; fore ones with the base dark brown, which is terminated by a curved dark striga ; middle of the wing rather clouded, beyond which is a gray fascia, edged with a dark striga ; apical portion of the wing dusky, with a paler striga, and two dark dots on the costa. The caterpillar feeds on the apple, pear, &c. Common in hedges and gardens, in July. 1 Synonymes. — Phaliena Tinea cucullatella, Linnaeus ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 840. Pyralis palliolaliSf Hiibner. sAs-Ve^. Species (?) 4.— Nola fuliginalis \ Stephens.— (Plate LXXVIII., Fig. 22)—" Wings of a smoky bluish, with the base and a very obscure central line darker." " Synonymes. — N. fuliginalis, Stephens (Catal.) N. cucullatella, variety, Stephens (Illastr.) AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 107 Family TORTRICIDiE, Leach. This is a very natural family of large extent, corresponding with tlie section Tordeuses of Latreille, Platyo- mides of Duponchel, and Pyralides of the other French writers ; and having broad entire fore winws, which, vyhen closed, form a slightly deflexed triangle, with the shoulders dilated. The maxillary palpi are never prominent, although possessed by many of the species ; the labial palpi, on the other hand, are broad and very compressed, especially the middle joint, which is curved above, the last joint being short, and often more distinct and exposed ; they are never recurved, but generally form a short beak in front of the head ; the spiral tongue is short in the majority. The body is comparatively slender ; the thorax rarely crested ; the antennas simple, or but slightly ciliated in a few species : the fore legs generally have a central tibial spur ; the middle tibiae one pair of spurs at the tips ; and the hind tibiee two pairs. The wings, in some species, are ornamented with tufts of raised scales ; and, in one genus, they are deeply notched on the fore margin. The larvae are naked and fleshy, with 6 pectoral, 8 ventral, and 2 anal feet ; and, for the most part, they take up their abode in a leaf curled up by the insect itself, and fastened with silken threads, forming a cylindrical tube open at each end, which thus serves for food and abode : others frequent the young buds and shoots of various plants, fastening several of the young leaves together so firmly as to impede their growth, and occasionally to be of serious injury to the plant, by destroying the parts of fructification and bloom. This is especially the case with Pcedisca angustiorana (which thus injures the apricot *) ; Argyrotoza Bergmanniana, a beautiful little species, which, in like manner, infests the rose f ; and Tortrix vitana Bosc, which is extremely obnoxious in the vine plantations in the South of France, and which aflbrded to the late Professor Audouin the subject of one of the most elaborate and beautifully-executed and illustrated memoirs which has hitherto been published. Others, again, reside within the pulpy substance of various fruits, especially tlie apple and plum, to which they are sometimes very detrimental. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXIX. Insects. — Fig. 1. Hylophila prasinana (green silver lines). 2. The I Insects. — Fig. 18. Lozotcenia sorbiana (the hazel tortrix). Caterpillar, 3. The Cocoon. ». Fig. 19. Lozota'nia heparana (the dark oblique bar). ,, Fig. 4. Hylophila quercana (scarce silver lines). 5. The Caterpillar. 6. The Chrysalis. ,, Fig. 7. Earis chlorana (small green oak). 8. The Cater- pillar. 9. The Cocoon. ,, Fig. 10. Tortrix viridana (pea-green). ,, Fig. 11. Tortrix palleana (plain yellow). ,, Fig. 12. Tortrix vibumana (vibumian). „ Fig. 13. Tortrix PiUerana (Filler's). 14. The Female. ,, Fig. 15. Tortrix galiana (the glossy golden brown). 16. The Female. „ Fig. 17. Lozotcenia Forsterana (Forster's). Fig. 20. Lozotcenia cinnamoneana (the cinnamon). „ Fig. 21. Lozotcenia ribeana (the common oblique bar). It Fig. 2*2. Lozotcenia gross'ulareana (gooseberry). ,, Fig, 23. Lozotcenia cerasana (the hollow oblique bar). 24. The Caterpillar. 25. The Cocoon. ,, Fig. 26. Lozotcenia corylana (great chequered). tf Fig. 27. Lozotcenia croceana (saffron). ,, Fig. 28. Lozotcenia laevigana (glossy oblique bar). The whole of the insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. The caterpillars, with the exception of that of Prasinana, from Sepp, are from Hiibner. H. N. H. HYLOPHILA, HuBNER, Stephens. HALIAS, Treitschke, Curtis. The insects of this genus are the largest belonging to the present famUy, and are further distinguished by the lovely green colour of their fore wings, marked with pale oblique stripes. They, however, oSer a striking instance that the largest and most conspicuous insects in a group are not to be necessarily considered as its pre-eminent types ; indeed, the very circumstance of their gigantic size is of itself one proof of aberration. * See my article on the habits of this insect, in " Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine," Jantiary, 1838, + See my article on this species, in the same Magazine for September, 1837. p 2 108 BRITISH MOTHS These insects, moreover, in all their states, present further characters remarkably aberrant from the great majority of the family. The head is fm'nished with an elongated spiral tongue ; the labial palpi are slender ; the caterpillars naked, and gradually becoming more slender towards the tail (hence named by Reaumur " chenilles en forme de poisson ") ; the cocoon is in the shape of a boat reversed, attached to a leaf ; and the clirysalis is not furnished with the transverse rows of reflexed spines on the abdominal rings, whereby, in the majority, the insects in this state are able to protrude themselves from their cocoons. Species 1. — Hylophila prasinana ^ — (Plate LXXIX., Figs. 1, 2, 3) — Measures from li to 1| inch in expanse ; fore wings pea-green, with three oblique silvery bars ; the first occasionally nearly obsolete, and the third rather curved, and extending to the apical angle of the wings ; the male has the hind wings pale greenish- buff. The caterpillar is pale green, with black dots, and with a pale yellow line above the feet on each side. It feeds on the oak, ash, and other trees ; and the moth appears in May and June, and is very common in woods. ■» Synonymes. — Tortrix prasinana, Wien. Verz. ; Linngeus ; WilkeB, 6, pi. 13; Albin, pi, 31 ; Harris; Aurelian, pi. 10, fig. i — m ; Hiibner; Stephens (Ulustr.) ; Wood, fig. 841. Pyralis fagana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Donovan, 8, pi. 280. Pyralis sylvana, Fabricius (male). Species 2. — Hylophila quercana ^ — (Plate LXXIX., Figs. 4, 5, 6) — Measures from If to 2 inches in expanse ; fore wings grass-green, with two slender oblique white or pale-yellowish strigse ; hind wings glossy white. The caterpillar is pale-green, with a slender yellow line on each side of the abdominal segments. It feeds on the oak and alder ; and the moth appears in June and July, in woods, but is much rarer than the preceding species. '■ Synonymes. — Pyralis quercana, Wien. Verz.; Hubner; Pyralis prasinaria, Fabricius; Donovan, 2, pi. 40; fig. sup. Harris; Aurelian, pi. 30, fig. e — h; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 575 ; Haworth; Stephens (Cat.). Stephens (HI.) ; Wood, fig. 842. EARIS, HiJBNER, Stephens. HALIAS, pars, Curtis. The type of this genus is very nearly allied to the two last described insects, especially in its preparatory states ; but has the palpi shorter and stouter, with the middle joint more squamose ; the antenna slightly pubescent beneath, in the males ; the fore wings not traversed by pale oblique strigK. The caterpillar attenuated at each extremity ; feeding, according to Duponchel, amongst the leaves at the extremity of the twigs of sallows, which it unites with threads. Species 1. — Earis chlorana " — (Plate LXXIX., Figs. 7, 8, 9) — Measures rather more than | inch in expanse ; fore wings pea-green, with a white costa ; hind wings shining white. The caterpLUar is obscure green, with a pale line on each side and the belly reddish-brown. It feeds on sallows and willows ; and the moth appears in June and July, and frequents willow beds, but is not common. ' Synonyme. — Phalce^na Tortrix chlorana, Linnaeus ; Hubner ; Wilkes, 4, pi. 5 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 843. TORTRIX, LiNN^us. These insects have the antennae pubescent beneath, in the males ; the labial palpi porrected, compressed, and very broad in the middle ; the spiral tongue shorter than the palpi ; the head thickly tufted ; the wings, when closed, forming an ovate triangle ; the fore ones destitute of strigse or borders. The caterpillars are 16-footed • they reside within a convoluted leaf; and the chrysalis has the abdominal segments serrated. PI. 79. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 109 Species 1. — Tortrix viridana"* — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 10) — Measures from 7 to 13 lines in expanse ; fore wings green, with the costa sUghtly whitish ; hind wings ashy-brown. The caterpillar is dull green, with dusky dots. It feeds on the leaves of the oak ; occurring, in some seasons, in such immense profusion that the oak-woods are almost entirely defoliated — " not a perfect leaf, nay, hardly the rib of one, being left, in conse- quence of which myriads of the caterpillars perish through want "^Nature thus curing the calamity in her own way ; so that, in the seasons following these swarms, it sometimes occurs that the species becomes so rare that scarce a single specimen is to be found in places where, the season before, thousands swarmed on every oak : so that, on shaking the branches, the moths are dislodged, flickering about like flakes of snow in a violent storm. * Synonyme. — Phalana Tortrix viridana, Linnaeus ; Hubner; Albin, pi. 72, fig. e — h ; Harris ; Aurelian, pi. 10, 1, 2, y, z ; Donovan, 4, pi. 144 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 844. Species 2. — Tortrix palleana*" — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 11) — Measures f inch in expanse ; the fore wings rather dark straw-coloured, with whitish fringe ; and the hind wings dusky straw-coloured, with paler cilia. Taken in July and August, near Dover. « Synonymes. — Tortrix palleana, Treitschke; Stephens (lUustr.) ; Wood, fig. 846. Tortrix Havana, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens (Catal.). Species 3. — Tortrix viburnana ^ — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 12) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings greyish brown and shining, with a yellowish tinge ; hind wings ashy brown ; fringe of all the wings whitish. Widely dispersed, but not common in July. f Synonymes. — Phalana viburnana, Wien. Vera, j Treitschke ; Stephens (Illustr. ); Wood, fig. 847. Tortrix unitana, Hubner ; Stephens ; (Catal). Species 4. — Tortrix pillerana ^ — (Plate LXXIX., Figs. 13, 14) — Measures nearly 1 inch in expanse ; fore wings of the male golden brown ; those of the female narrower and more acute, and of a dusky brown colour ; hind wings dusky with paler fringes. Found in Whittlesea Mere, in June. Obs. It seems doubtful whether this can be the true T. pillerana, as that species is described and figured with golden-coloured fore wings, having two oblique brown fascise ; but Fabricius describes a variety with the wings nearly entirely golden- coloured, without the fasciae. 6 SvNONVMEs. — Tortrtx pillerana, Wien. Verz. ; Hubner; Fabricius; Stephens, 111. 4, 396. Tortrix luteolana, Hiibner; Wood, fig. 1677. Species 5. — Tortrix galeana ^ — Plate LXXIX., Figs. 15, 16) — Measures about 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings of the male glossy golden mouse-colour, with obscure rusty patches : female with the hind wings narrow, with the apex more acute, slightly reticulated, rusty, with a broad dark-brown oblique bar across them, not extending to the hinder margin : costa also with a longitudinal dark dash. A very widely dispersed species, but not common. (New Forest, Whittlesea Mere, Isle of Skye, &c.) ^ Synonysie. — Tortrix Galeana, Bentley; Curiis; Brit. Ent. pi. 763; Stephens; Wood, fig, 845. LOZOTCENIA, Stephens. TORTRIX, pars, Curtis. Mr. Stephens has separated the preceding insects from Tortrix, chiefly on account of the reticulations and oblique fasciae with which the fore wings of the majority are ornamented. They are for the most part of brown tints varied with red or yellow. The palpi are broad and compressed, the head tufted, the front and the fore 110 BRITISH MOTHS " wings with the tips generally produced into a prominent angle. Most of the species are of comparatively large size ; they are the types of Haworth's 7th section, named Obliquanse, and from the oblique bars on the fore wings. Species 1. — Lozot(enia fohsterana ' — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 17) — Measures 14 inch in expanse; fore wings obtuse, ashy brown, with a dark brown patch in the middle of the costa, another towards the extremity of the costa, and a third near the hinder margin, forming with the two others a triangle; the disc of the wing slightly reticulated. Hind wings pale gray brown. Taken in woods, in June, but not common. ' Synonyme. — Pyralis Forsterana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Albin ; pi. 62, fig. a — d. Stephens, Wood, fig, 848. Species 2. — Lozotcenia SorbianaJ — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 18) — Varies from 10 to 15 lines in expanse ; fore wings obtuse, golden brown, with the base darker, terminating in an oblique line ; the middle of the costa with a brown patch, which is dilated behind into a broad oblique fascia, from which it is sometimes separated ; another brown patch towards the extremity of the costa, disc slightly reticulated ; hind wings dark-brown, with a pale fringe. The Caterpillar feeds on oak, birch, &c., and the moth appears in woods, in July. J Synonymes. — Tortrix Sorbiana, Hubner; Curtis ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 849. PhaltBna Tortrix avellana, LiDnreus ; Hawortii ; Stephens ; (Cat.) Species 3. — Lozotcenia heparana '' — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 19) — Varies from |- to nearly 1 inch in expanse ; fore wings retuse, red-brown, scarcely reticulated, with a more or less distinct dusky fascia at the base ; a second oblique broad fascia running from the middle of the costa nearly to the extremity of the hinder margin, angulated on the inside beyond the middle ; and a dusky patch near the extremity of the costa : hind wings reddish brown; very variable both in the prevailing tint of the wings and in the strength of the markings. A very common insect in woods in June or July, the larvse feeding on the oak, hazel, &c. *= Synonymes. — Phalmna Tortriss Heparana, Wien. Verz. ; Treitschke ; Stephens (lUustr.) ; Wood, fig. 850. Tortrix Carpiniana, Hubner ; Haworth. Pyralis fasciana, Fabricius ; (variety.) Pyralis Pasquagana, Fabricius ; (variety). Species 4. — Lozotcenia cinnamomeana ' — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 20) — Measures about |- of an inch in expanse ; fore wings cinnamon-coloured, with a basal dark fascia, an oblique dark fascia, and a sub-apical costal spot, all edged with pale cinnamon ; the middle fascia rather angulated : hind wings dull brown ; head, antennae, and palpi, whitish. Coombe Wood, in June. Very rare. 'Synonyme. — Torlrix cinnamomeana, Trcitschlie ;' Stephens; Wood, fig. 851. Species 5. — Lozotcenia ribeana ™ — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 21) — Measures 7 — H lines in expanse; fore wings testaceous yellow, with a basal fascia externally angulated ; another oblique entire one across the middle, and a sub-apical dusky costal .spot, all margined with brown ; hind wings brown. This species is very similar to T. Heparana, but differs chiefly in colour. It also varies greatly in size, as well as in the strength of its markings. Common in woods and gardens, in June ; the Caterpillar feeding on the currant, gooseberry, bramble, &c. ■» Synonyme. — Torlrix Ribeana, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 852. Species 6.— Lozotcenia grossulariana".— (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 22)— Measures from 8 to 11 lines in J" ' "^ expanse ; fore wings dull, testaceous yellow or ochreous without reticulations, with a waved red-brown bar at the base ; an oblique red-brown anteriorly waved bar across the middle, and a red-brown patch near the extremity of the costa ; hind wings brownish. Taken in woods and gardens in June, the caterpillar feeding on the currant and gooseberry. " Synonyme. — Lozolmnia grossulariana, Wood, fig. 853. Fl. 80 . ^ ^ ^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. Ill Species 7- — LozotoJxVia cerasana" — (Plate LXXIX., Figs. 23, 24, 25) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings retuse, testaceous ; the basal part irrorated with ashy-brown, and with two fascias, the outer one oblique, with its inner part darker, and a spot on the costa, near the extremity, of testaceous ashy, margined with brown ; hind wings brown. The caterpillar is greenish, with pale dots and lateral lines, and slightly hairy ; it feeds on oak, hazel, &c., and the moth appears in June, and is not uncommon in Woods. ^ Synonyme. — Lozotcejiia cerasana, Hiibocr; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 854. Species 8. — Lozotcenia corylana p. — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 26) — Measures 10 or 12 lines in expanse; fore wings retuse, testaceous, reticulated with ferruginous, with three oblique ferruginous strigse placed at unequal distances apart, the first towards the base, the second and third approximated together, and running obliquely across the middle of the wing, nearly to the anal angle, and sometimes with a fourth abbreviated striga between these and the tip of the wings ; hind wings brown, with the outer angle broadly whitish, with numerous transverse brownish lineolfe ; occasionally entirely brownish, and sometimes nearly all yellowish. The caterpillar feeds on birch, hazel, &c., and the moth appears about the end of June, in woods, but is not very common. P Synonymes. — Pyralis corylana, Fabricius; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 855. Toririx textana, Hiibner. Species 9. — Lozotcenia croceana 1 — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 27) — Varies from 5^ to 9i lines in expanse ; fore wings rather narrow, obtuse, dusky red, with a suffused oblique dusky striga across the middle, extending nearly to the anal angle, where it is darkest, and with a dark spot on the inner margin towards the base ; the markings are very variable, being obliterated in several of the varieties described by Mr. Haworth, all of which, together with a number of the typical individuals of other species of this family, described by that gentleman, are in my collection. Taken in woods in June. ■s Synonyme Tortrix croceana, Hiibner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 856. Species 10. — Lozotcenia l^vigana'^ — (Plate LXXIX., Fig. 28) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings with a satiny gloss greyish red-browti or brown, slightly reticulated with an ill-defined central fascia, and sometimes obsolete ; an obscure patch near the base of the inner margin, and another near the extremity of the costa, but these are sometimes obsolete ; hind wings brown, with the outer angle orange — very variable. Common in hedges and gardens in June, the larvje feeding on the buds of the rose. 'Synonymes. — Torlrix lavigana, Wien. Vera.; Fabricius; j ToWm' o.fJ/acon(Aana, Hubner; Haworth, (variety.) Stephens ; Wood, fig. 857. | ToWrii t'i6«rnaK0, Haworth, (variety.) f SV{^ DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXX. Insec 3. — Fig. 1. Lozotoenia nebuUna (the rose tortrix). Fig. 2. Lozotoeaia subocellana (the ocellated oblique bar). Fig, 3. LozotcBnia rosana (the great brown). Fig. 4. Lozotcenia cratsegana (the hazel-barred). Fig. 5. Lozotoenia oporana (the great hook-tip), Fig. 6. Lozotoenia sylosteana (the forked red-bar). Fig, 7. Lozotoenia roborana (the oak red-bar). Fig. 8. Lozotoenia obliquana (the oblique bar). Fig. 9. Lozotoenia costana (the straw oblique bar). Fig. 10. Lozotcenia biustulana (the double- spotted oblique bar). Fig. H. Lozotoenia Modeeriana (Modeer's bar). Fig. 12. Lozotoenia acerana (the maple). Inskcts. — Fig. 13. Lozotoenia trifasciana (the afternoon tortrix). „ Fig. 14. Lozotoenia Grotiana (the Grotian tortrix). ,j Fig. 15. Lozotcenia ochreana (the saffron). J, Fig. 16. Lozotoenia cruciana (the red cross). „ Fig. 17. Lozotoenia Holmiana. (the Holmian). 18 — 19. The Caterpillars. „ Fig. 20, Lozotcenia Schreberiana (the Schreberian). L. ochreana and subocellana are from Mr. Stephens* specimens, as figured by Wood. The rest of the insects in the Plate are from the cabinet of Mr, Bentley, The two Caterpillars of L. Holmiana are from Hiibner. H. N. H. 112 BRITISH MOTHS Species 11. — Lozotcenia nebulana'' — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 1) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; Sp fn vi^ fore wings broad, retuse, reddish brown, with a rather arched but nearly obsolete striga near the base ; a central oblique fascia dilated behind, a costal patch near the extremity of the wings, and transverse abbreviated lineolae, all ferruginous, with a purplish gloss ; hind wings brown, with the outer portion golden-coloured. Very variable, the markings being sometimes nearly obliterated, and the golden colour of the hind wings is sometimes quite wanting. Common in hedges and gardens in June, the caterpillar feeding on the rose, raspberry, &c. ' Synonymes. — Loxotcenia nebulana, Stephens, (Illustr., but not I Tortrix rosana, Haworth ; Stephens, (Catal.) of Donovan and Haworth), Wood, fig. 858. Phalana ameriana, Villers. Species 12. — Lozotcenia subocellana ' — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 2) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; fore wings brownish-leaden coloured, reticulated with interrupted deep black liOes, the interstices, as if faintly ocellated ; near the base is a faint black streak, and an oblique more distinct one in the middle ; posterior wings brownish. Rare ; from the South West of England. ' Synonyme. — Loxotcenia subocellana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 839. Species 13. — Lozotcenia oporana" — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 5) — Measures from 10 to' 13 lines in expanse ; fore wings brownish-red with a luteous tinge, thickly reticulated with slender transverse lineolse ; a slender incurved line near the base, followed by an oblique one, beyond which is a darker-coloured space, especially towards the inner margin of the wing, and with a corresponding patch of dark red-brown on the costa, followed by several slender transverse or incurved strigse ; hind wings brown with the outer angle orange- coloured. The tip of the fore wings is much produced, and the disc varies from ferruginous to smoky brown with a purple tinge. Taken in hedges and gardens in June, the caterpillar feeding on the rose, bramble, &c. " Synonymes. — Phalcena Tortrix oporana, Linnasus; Wilkes, 17, pi. 34 ; Albin., pi. 36, fig. S8 ; Haworth; HUbner; Stephens; Wood, fig. 860. Tortrix Hermanniana, Wien. Verz. Species 14. — Lozotcenia rosana ^ — (Plate LXXX,, Fig. 3) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings of the male ferruginous-brown, with an oblong dark patch near the base on the inner margin, y^ /■?■ 'Vo^ terminating on the disc in an ear-shaped ashy patch, followed by an oblique rich brown fascia and a costal oblong streak ; also an acuminated submarginal stripe ; the extreme apex of the wings dark brown ; hind wings brown, with the outer angle orange : female dark gray-brown, with an obscure central patch, and a faint streak near the apical margin. The male varies considerably in the ground colour of the fore wings. Found in gardens, in June. The caterpillar feeds on the rose, raspberry, &c. Tortrix pyrastrana, Hiibner. Tortrix Gerniiigana, Haworth. Tortrix fuscana, Fabricius; Haworth (female). " Synonymes. — Phalana Tortrix rosana, Linnseus ; Stephens (Illustr.) ; Wood, fig. 861 (m and f). Tortrix fulvana, Wien. Verz.; Stephens (Catal.). Species 15. — Lozotcenia crat.s:gana "^ — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 4) — Measures 11 or 12 lines in expanse; fore wings red, with a grayish tinge ; the apical angle considerably produced ; a patch of darker brown near the ■f/^iy jf base of the inner margin ; an oblique fascia of the same colour, greatly dilated behind, runs across the wings, and an acuminated striga extends from near the extremity of the costa to the middle of the apical margin ; hind wings brown, with a luteous patch on the outer angle. Taken near London, and in the New Forest, in June. The caterpillar feeds on the whitethorn. "•Synonymes. — Tortrix cratagana, Hiibner; Stephens (Illustr.). Phalana Tortrix Branderiana, Linnajus ; Haworth ; Wood, fig. 862. .i AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 113 Species 16. — Lozotce.ma xylosteana " — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 6) — Varies from 7 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings retuse ; the apex slightly produced ; pale testaceous, with a grayish shining tinge ; inner margin, near the base, with an oblique dark chesnut bar, extending towards the middle of the disc of the wing, followed by an oblique broader bar of the same colour, running in the contrary direction, and greatly dilated behind, and throwing oft' a branch to the costa ; a submarginal brown striga, and the tip of the wing also brown ; the brown bars edged with pale shining ashy. Variable in depth of colour and markings. The caterpillar feeds on the honeysuckle, oak, whitethorn, &c. ; and the moth appears about the end of June, in woods. *SyNONYMES. — PhaltBiia Tortriw ^yhsteana,h\i\nseus; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 863. Tortrix characterana, Hubner. Species 17- — Lozotcexia roborana^. — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 7.) — This handsome insect measures from 9 to 11 lines in expanse ; and has the fore wings but slightly produced at the apex, ochreous-red, with a large rich brown patch near the base of the inner margin ; a large oblique mark in the middle of the wing, of the same colour, and a subapical costal patch attenuated behind, and extending to the middle of the apical margin ; three dark patches edged with shining ashy-white lines. Taken in woods, at the beginning of July ; the cater- pillar feeding upon oaks. y Synonymes. — Tortrir rohorana^ Hubner; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 864. Tortrix xylosteana, ^, Treitschke. Species 18. — Lozotcenia obliquana " — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 8) — Varies from 8 to J-', lines in expanse ; fore wings of a pale fulvescent ashy tint, with a nearly straight fulvous fascia near the base, obsoletely margined with pale buff; a second oblique one across the middle, extending nearly to the anal angle, outwardly 1 -dentate and margined with bufi" ; and between the front of this and the apex is a costal fulvous patch ; the tip itself ji, /f i)^ often with a burnt-brown spot ; hind wings brown, with the apical and costal portions fulvous. The fulvous fasciae are sometimes very obscure, and the disc very pale. Very rare : taken in the woods of Kent and Surrey. I possess Haworth's specimen of this species. ' Sy-nonyme. — Pyro/is oWijuono, Fabricius ; Harris; Aureliau, pi. 41 ; Ha worth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 865. Species 19. — Lozotcenia costana ^ — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 9) — Measures from 8 to 12 lines in expanse, fore wings straw-coloured ; the base, especially towards the costa, ashy ; a gray fascia running from the middle of the costa to the anal angle, being much darker towards the costa, and a blackish spot towards the extremity of the costa : along the apical margin are from 2 to 5 blackish dots ; hind wings pale buff; those of the female more dusky. Taken in various places round London, in -June ; but rare. * Synonymes. — Pyraiis costana, Fabricius; Hawortb ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 866. Tortrix gnomana, Hubner. Phttlana Tortr. Betiilana, Donovan, xi., pi. 369, f. 2. Tortrix spectrana, Treitschke. Species 20. — Lozotcenia biustulana'' — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 10) — Measures 8 lines in expanse; fore wings " ochry-yellow, with a faint streak at the base, a large blotch at the anal angle, arising from a slender streak on the costa, and another blotch at the apex of the costa, of an ustulated brown ; cilia ochreous ; posterior wings whitish ash." (Stephens, loc. cit.) Supposed to have been captured in the west of England. '' Sy-nonyme — Lozotcenia biustulana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 867. Species 21. — Lozotcenia Modeeriana ' — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 11) — Measures | inch in expanse; fore wings yellowish or straw-coloured, with an obsolete fulvous spot near the base ; an oblique ashy fascia across the middle of the wing, becoming narrower and interrupted towards the costa, the extremity of which last has a VOL. II. Q 114 BRITISH MOTHS fulvous patch, emitting a curved line, which reaches to the anal angle ; hind wings white, with the anal margin broadly ashy. Very rare. Darenth Wood, Kent, in July. ' Synonvme. — PhaltBna Tortrix Modeeriana, LiniiEeus ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fij. 868. Species 22. — Lozotcenia acerana'' — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 12) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse; fore wings oblong, obtuse, brownish or reddish, with a somewhat arched striga at the base, and oblique fascia in the middle, greatly dilated on the inner margin, and a spot on the costa, near the extremity, of a darker colour ; hind wings brown ; fringe brown, with the tips whitish. Found in the woods of the south of England, in June ; but not a common species. ^ Synonyme. — rortrw acerano, Hiibner ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 869. Species 23. — Lozotcenia tbipasciana "^ — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 13) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale ashy, shining ; the base darker, witli an incurved blackish striga, followed by an oblique brown fascia, very much dilated behind, and edged with black scales, and a patch on the costa towards the apex, from which, in fine specimens, runs an obsolete striga of black dots ; hind wings brown, with whitish fringe. The markings differ much in intensity, whence the series of varieties described by Mr. Haworth, and now in my collection. Taken in the woods of the south of England, in June ; but rare. ' Synonyme. — Pijralis trifnsciana, Fabricius ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 870. Species 24. — Lozotcenia Grotiana ^ — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 14) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings obtuse, golden tawny, finely reticulated, and with a nearly obsolete bar near the base, and a broad sub- central fascia of dark brown furcate towards the costa, leaving a pale triangular costal patch ; hind wings brown. Found at the same time and places as the last two species. ' Synonyjie. — Pyralis Grotiana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 871. Species 25. — Lozotcenia ochbeana s — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 15) — Measures about |- inch in expanse ; fore .■ J/, t' wings golden yellow, very faintly reticulated with ferruginous ; a broad rusty fascia across the middle, greatly dilated behind, and branching upwards rather indistinctly towards the extremity of the costa, where is a dusky patch ; hind wings ashy-brown. Taken at the end of June, near London. s Synonyme. — Tortrix ochreana, Hiibner; Stephens (lUustr.) ; Wood, fig. 872. Species 26. — Lozotcenia CRUCiANAh — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 16) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings narrow, ashy-gray or hoary, glossy ; rusty brown at the base, and a very broad oblique ferruginous or chesnut fascia beyond the middle, uniting with a marginal bar of the same colour, edged with a faint glossy line ; hind wings brown ; fringe purple, with the tips wliiter. Found in woods, in June ; but rather uncommon. '■ Synonymes. — Phalosna Tortrix cruciana, Linneeus ; Haworth ; 1 Pyralis cinerana, Fabricius. Stephens ; Wood, fig. 873. I Tortrix angustana, Hiibner. Species 27. — Lozotcenia Holmiana ' — (Plate LXXX., Figs. 17, 18, 19) — Measures from 4 to 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings rusty clay, slightly irrorated with lead colour towards the tips, and having a white angu- lated spot on the middle of the costa. Common in gardens and hedges, about the end of June. ' Synonyme. — Phalosna Tortrix Holmiana^ Linnaaus ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 847. Species 28. — Lozotcenia Schreberiana J — (Plate LXXX., Fig. 20) — Measures nearly J- inch in expanse ; fore wings rusty gray, with a broad obscure patch beyond the middle, and a triangular spot in the middle of the costa ; the apex with a pale streak ; hind wings pale brown, with the base paler. Very rare ; Cornwall. JSynonvwe. — Phal. Tortr. Schreberiana, Linn.? Panzer? Stephens; Wood, fig. 875. PI 81. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 115 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXXI. Insects. -Fig. )j Fig. )5 Fig. i> Fig- » Fig. >J Fig. 5J Fig. )> Fig. iy Fig. 1. Pliiledone Gemingiana (the Gemingian), 2. Pliiledone Walkerana (the Walkcvian). 3. Fsedisca rotundana (round tipped red-bar). 4. Piedisca angustiorana (narrow winged red-bar). 5. Pjedisca sylvana (the red blotcli-back). 6. Pa;disca porphyrana (bright oblique barred). 7. Pcedisca nebulana (clouded iron). 8. Pa^disca Wellensiana (the barred blotch-back). 9. Pa^disca ;ethiopiana (the Negro). Fig, 10, Pajdisca scriptana (the short barred white). Fig. 11. Piedisca semifasciana (the short barred grey). Fig. 12. Anthithesia corlicana (the marbled long cloak). Fig. 13. Anthithesia betulana (the birch long cloalc). Insects. — Fig. 14. Anthithesia tripunctana (the common long-cloak). „ Fig. 15. Anthithesia pruniana (the lesser long-cloak). 16. The Caterpillar. „ Fig, 17. Anthithesia pullana (the dingy marbled). „ Fig. 18. Anthithesia marginana (the bordered long cloak). }, Fig, 19. Anthithesia oblongana (the narrow long cloak), J, Fig. 20, Anthithesia gentiana^nana (the Gentian). 21. The Caterpillar. „ Fig. 22. Anthithesia salicella (the white backed). The whole of the insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of P. sylvana and P, Walkeraua, which are copied from the figures of "Wood. The caterpillars are from Hubner. H. N. H. PHILEDONE, HtTBNER; Stephens, AMPHISA, Curtis. The antennse in this genus are either bipectinated, the bipectinations being hairy, or the joints have tufts of hairs on each side ; the spiral tongue is short ; the fore ■wings narrowed at the base, truncated very obliquely, and with the costal margin slightly emarginate ; the disc bearing an oblique fascia, and a patch at the extremity of the costa. Species 1, — Philedone gerningiana '^ — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 1) — Measures from 6 to 8 lines in expanse fore wings pale fulvous or brownish, irrorated with tawny-orange ; an oblique chesnut brown bar across the middle, followed by a pale streak and an apical brown patch ; hind wings brown. Found near Birmingham, and in several parts of Scotland, in June, * ^ Synonymes. — Tortrix Gemingiana, Fabricius ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 876 (but not of Haworth). ToTtrix peclinaria, Hubner ; Curtis. Species 2. — Philedone Walkerana ' — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 2) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale, sometimes dark gray-brown towards the base, with a large triangular dusky red spot, broadest towards the costa, where it bears an oblique oblong gray spot, and a small one at the apex ; hind wings ochraceous, spotted with brown, darkest at the base. Taken near Lanark, by H, "Walker, Esq, ' Symonyme, — Amphisa Walkerana, Curtis, Brit, Ent,, pi, 209; Wood, fig, 877, P^DISCA, Treitschke, DITULA, Stephens, The antennae are setaceous, clothed beneath with scales ; the spiral tongue short : the palpi porrected and bent upwards ; the fore wings slightly deflexed whilst at rest ; the costa arched, and the apical margin rounded, the disc marked with oblique bars or lines, the thorax with a bifid crest behind ; the first three species are arranged by Curtis with the Lozotoenise, to which they are certainly much nearer allied than the remainder of the genus. Species 1. — Pcedisca rotundana °° — (Plate LXXXI,, Fig, 3) — Measures about | an inch in expanse ; n o n fore wings obtusely rounded, smoky-brown, with a rusty-brown mark at the base ; an oblique central fascia also brown, and beyond this an oblique, posterior, abbreviated, undulated fascia : hind wings black. Widely dispersed ; but not common. " Synontmes — Torlrix rotundana, Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 878. Tortrix angustioranay (variety) ; Curtis. ft2 116 BRITISH MOTHS Spkcies 2. — P^DiscA ANGUSTioRANA ° — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 4) — Varies from 6 to 8 lines in expanse; fore wings narrow, oblong, obtuse, of a dusky reddish colour, with a red-brown spot at the base next the inner margin ; an undulated fascia from the middle of the costa to the anal angle, and another red-brown, oblique, smaller, ustulated- brown fascia within tlie apical margin ; the colours of the disc and fascias variable : hind wings black. A common and widely dispersed species, found in woods and gardens ; and especially destructive to wall-fruit trees in the spring, by the grub devouring the young shoots and blossom buds, as described in detail in my article upon this species in Mr. Loudon's " Gardeners' Magazine " above referred to. The antennee of the male are pilose, thus approaching the genus Philedone. ■■ Synonyme — Tortrix angustiorana, }i:^wunh ■. Stephens; Wood, fig. 879. \\'estwood, in " Giirdeners' Magazine," January, 1838. Species 3. — P^disca stlvana" — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 5) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in ^expanse ; fore a ' wings chesnut or testaceous, paler towards the base, with darker testaceous strigee slightly irrorated with silver, and with an oblique abbreviated central costal fascia, which communicates with a whitish patch on the middle of the inner margin ; female lighter colour ; hind wings reddish-brown. Taken at Darenth Wood, and in Norfolk ; but rare. o Synonyme. — Tortrix sylvana, HUbner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 902. Species 4. — P^disca porphyriaha P — (Plate LXXXL, Fig. 6) — Measures 9 lines in expanse ; fore &. i V wings glaucous-ashy, shining, with a large oblique fascia at the base, of a chesnut-brown colour, shiny and darker outwardly, slightly margined with white ; a second very oblique and narrow bar extending from the middle of the costa to the anal angle, slightly waved and edged with white ; a third fascia is formed of a sub- marginal row of spots, and the costa is marked with some brown dots ; the hind wings dark. Taken in woods about the end of June ; but rare. P Synonymes. — Tortrix porphyriana,'ilTi'a-aeT\ Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 880. Tortrix profundanu, Wien. Verz. ; Curtis. f Species 5. — P^disca nebdlana '^ — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 7) — Pleasures about |^ of an inch in expanse ; ^,'ij„, fore wings gray-brown ; the base red-brown, mottled with darker and lighter scales, darkest towards the inner margin, beyond which is a greyish bar terminating behind in a whitish patch, followed by a broad very irregular oblique fascia, edged on the outside with a very slender white line ; the terminal portion of the wings mottled with grey and brown, with a larger patch towards the apex. Taken in woods in June. 1 Synonyme. — Phalcena Tortrix nebulana, Donovan, xi., pi. 364, fig. 3 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 881. Species 6. — P.s:disca wellensiana "■ — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 8) — Measures about i of an inch in expanse ; fore wings gray-brown, more or less tinged with ferruginous with a basal fascia, darkest towards the inner margin of the wings, followed on the same margin by a white spot, the outer edge of which forms a slender branch running up into the broad irregular suffused oblique central fascia, which is narrowed towards the costa, and marked across the middle with a black line, the apical portion of the costa dotted with brown, and the base with a lunate brown patch. Taken in woods in July. ' Si'NONYMEs. — Tortrix Welknsiana,llubnti; Stephens; Wood, i Tortrix assiclana, Hiibner ; Haworth. fig. 882. I Tortrix scutulana, Wien. Verz. ; Curtis. Species 7- — P.edisca .ethiopiana ^ — (Plate LXXXL, Fig. 9) — Closely allied to the preceding, and probably / ' only a suffused variety of it, having the fore wings blackish brown, with a few dots on the costa, and an abbre- AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 117 ■viated striga at the anal angle, and the apical margin dirty brown ; hind wings brown. Taken in woods with the last species. « ■ Sykonyme, — Tortrix iethiopiana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 883. Species 8. — P.s;disca scriptana ' — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 10) — Measures about ~ inch in expanse; fore wings cream-coloured or white, slightly clouded with gray, with a rather narrow dusky fascia towards the base, interrupted in the middle, succeeded by a broader central bar, also interrupted in the middle, where it bears a black dash ; the apical portion slightly speckled with slight gray and brown markings ; costa dotted with brown. Bare. Found near London and in Devonshire in July. ' Synonymes. — Toriri,v scriptana, HiibneT ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 884. Ph. Tortrix Hartmanniana, Linnteus. Species 9. — P.«;disca semifasciana" — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 11) — Measures about -I inch in expanse ; fore wings pale ashy-grey with numerous short irregular traversing strigas, an irregular brown fascia dotted with black towards the base, and a nearly square patch arising from the middle of the costa, and interrupted in the middle of the disc by a black line ; some slight spots towards the extremity of the costa, and some irregular submarginal strigas dotted with black ; hind wings ochreous brown. Taken in woods in August, but rare. " Synonyme. — Tortrix semi/asciana, Haworth ; Stephens; Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 571 ; Wood, fig. 885. ANTITHESIA, Stephens. PENTHINA, Pars, Treitschke. The antennse are setaceous and pubescent beneath ; the palpi porrected obliquely and bent upwards ; the spiral tongue short ; the wings slightly cylindrical and deflexed in repose ; tlie anterior oblong, with the costa slightly arched, and the apical margin rounded. They are varied with black and white, (whence the generic name), and when the moths are settled on a leaf with their wings lapped round them, they so much resemble the faeces of small birds, (as suggested by Mr. Curtis), that it is often difficult to determine what they are. Species 1. — Antithesia corticana ' — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 12) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings white, the basal portion varied with lead-colour and black, the inner margin being of the former colour, extending nearly to the anal angle, and the middle of the wing with an irregular black fascia, the apical portion white, clouded with pale ashy, and with an irregular short striga of black dots within the apical margin ; the costa also dotted with black. Taken in June, July, and September, in woods, but not common. ' Synonymes. — Tortrix corticana^ Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 886. Tortrix capreana, Hiibner (male). Species 2. — Antithesia Betuletana'^* — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 13) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings with rather more than the basal half rich dark brown, mottled with lead colour and black, and terminated obliquely (extending to the anal angle) ; the apex white or ochreous, more or less clouded with pale ashy, and the costa with minute blackish specks ; hind wings brown. Very common throughout the summer in woods. " Synonyme. — Tortrix Betuletana, Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 887. Species 3. — Antithesia tripunctana "^ — (Plate LXXXI., Fig. 14) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; closely allied to the preceding, with the fore wings dusky or blackish at the base, with black and brown clouds 118 BRITISH MOTHS 0-Ti^ terminatintj obliquely but before reaching the anal angle, with two black dots on the -middle of the hinder maririn of the dark base, and a third at the apex ; extremity of the wings white, clouded with ashy ; costa slightly streaked vrith black. Taken in woods, in June and July ; but not very common. " Syhonymes. — Pyralis tripunctana, (Fabricius ?) Hawortli ; i Tortrix variegana, Hiibner. Stephens ; Wood, fig. 888. ! Phalvings chesnut-brown, with the three minute dots and costal marks nearly obliterated. Taken in woods in June. * « 8 Synonyme. — Pyralis strigana, Fabric! us ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 923. Species II. — Pseudotomia atropurpurana,*^ — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 12). — Measures nearly A an inch in expanse ; fore wings glossy, blackish purple, without spots ; fringe white, shining with silver in certain positions ; hind wings brown or brownish, with a broad costal margin of white attenuated towards the extremity of the wings. Taken at Coombe Wood in July. ^ Synonyme — Tortrir atropurpurana, Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 924. Species 12. — Pseudotomia nigricana,' — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 13). — Measures rather more than | an inch in expanse ; all the wings pitchy black, shiny ; the fore ones with the costa black, with numerous oblique, AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 125 whitish lineolse, especially beyond the middle. In the middle of the apical margin are two or three contiguous black lineolae encircled by a golden edge, visible in certain positions only : hind wings dusky ; the fringe of all the wings pale and shining with silver in certain positions. Taken in woods and hedges in June and August. ' Synonyme Pyralis nigricana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 925. Species 13. — Pseudotomia obscurana, Westwood ; (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 14). — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings greyish-brown, with a slight golden gloss beyond the middle ; costa beyond the middle with four blackish triangular dots emitting oblique dusky lines; dbc of the wing beyond the middle with several slender, almost indistinct dusky lines ; apical margin with a black line, within which, in the centre, are three minute black dots ; the middle of the inner margin with an obscure greyish patch, preceded by a darker brown space ; fringe brown, with a silvery gloss ; apical margin slightly emarginate near the tip : hind wings brown. Taken at Margate, in July, by Mr. Bentley, wlio has obligingly allowed us to describe and figure this and other novelties from his very valuable collection. Species 14. — Pseudotomia proximana,^ — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 15). — Measures i an inch in expanse ; very similar to the last, scarcely differing except in colour ; fore wings pale brown, shining, in certain positions, with a golden gloss ; the costa with oblique, white, and fulvescent lineolfe ; hind wings rather darker-coloured. Taken in London and Devonshire. j Synonvme. — Torlri.T proximana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 926. Species 15. — Pseudotomia puncticostana, '' — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 16). — Measures nearly ^ an inch in expanse ; fore wings " purple, black, immaculate ; the costa with short, white, elongate spots, most conspicuous in the middle ; fringe with a lead-coloured gloss ; posterior wings brown-black, with paler cilia." Taken by Mr. Stephens, in Ripley, in June, in grassy places, but rare. Obs. — The four preceding species constitute a distinct group in the genus destitute of the patch on the inner marorin of the fore wings. ^ Svnonyme. — Pseudotomia puncticostana^ Stephens ; Wood, fig. 927. Species 16. — Pseudotomia populana,' — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 17). — Measures from 4- to ^ an inch in expanse ; fore wngs black ; the costa of the fore wings spotted with golden, white, and black, and the middle of the inner margin with a white mark, somewhat resembling the Greek minuscule letter A ; sometimes the interior of the letter bears a white twig, thus rese.-nbling, when both the wings are folded upon the back, the Greek capital (p in white scales ; near the apical margin are some golden scales : hind wings black or dusk)'. Rare. Found in the autumn, in the neighbourhood of nettles. ' Sysonyme. — Py Talis populana, Fabricius; Hawortli ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 928. Species 17. — Pseudotomia ephippana, " — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 18). — Measures nearly A an inch in expanse ; fore wings black-brown, clouded with violet, with bluish silvery lines, and a triangular white blotch in the middle of the inner margin of the fore wings, in which is occasionally a minute white dot ; near the anal angle is a metallic spot : hind wings pale. Taken in woods in June. " Syt^onymes. — Tortrix ephippana, Hiibner? Stephens (lUustr. ) ; Wood, fig. 929. Pseudotomia irigonana, Stephens, (Catal.) Species 18. — Pseudotomia trauniana," — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 19). — Measures rather more than i an inch in expanse ; fore wings brownish-black, glossed with leaden-coloured scales within the costal and apical ■^'c- •-' }26 BRITISH MOTHS margins ; tbe costa with numerous oblique, pale, yellowish, slender, abbreviated oblique lineolse ; and the inner margin with a large, nearly semi-circular, bright orange-yellow spot : hind wings dark brown, with paler fringe. Very rare. Hull, in Norfolk — formerly near Islington — iu June. I have several specimens, taken by myself, many years since ; most probably at Coombe Wood. " Synonyme. — Pyralis Trauniana, Fabricius ; Hubner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 930. Species 19. — Pseudotomia notata, Westwood ; (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 20). — Measures about A an inch in expanse ; all the wings of a very dark olive-brown ; the fore ones with a very large cream-coloured patch in the middle of the inner margin, and the costa with two minute silvery dots before the middle^y and about five towards the extremity ; apical margin not notched : fringe glossy. Taken by Mr. Bentley, near Woolwich. Species 20. — Pseddotomia compositella, ° — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 21). — Measures about i inch in expanse ; fore wings black-brown, with the costa streaked with about eight pale yeUow or silvery oblique lineote, especially beyond the middle of the wing ; and a large silvery squarish blotch in the middle of the inner margin, bearing three slender waved black lines within ; hind wings white, with a black border broadest towards tlie outer angle. Taken in woods in June. ° Synonymes Tinea compositella, Fabricius; Stephens, (Illustr.), plate 37, fig. 2 ; Wood, fig. 931. Pyralis composana, Fabricius ; Haworth. Species 21. — Pseudotomia gundiana,p — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 22). — Very closely allied to the last, from which it is, however, distinguished by its dark-coloured hind wings ; fore wings pitchy black, the costa having eight slender, silvery, white lineolse in pairs ; the inner margin with a similarly marked and coloured pale patch ; towards the apical margin is also a metallic patch : hind wings deep black. Taken in woods in June. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix Gundiana, Kubnei ; Haworth; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 932. Species 22. — Pseudotomia dorsana,"' — Measures from -^ to ^ inch in expanse. Very closely allied to P. compositella, but differs at once by the large patch on the inner margin of the fore wings bearing only a single slender dusky line ; the costa with similar pale oblique lineolffi, and the hind vrings whitish, with a dusky border. Taken in woods in June. 1 Synonyme. — Pyralis dorsana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 933. Species 23. — PsEtrDOTOMiA lediana,'' — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 24). — Measures from J- to nearly i an inch in expanse ; fore wings very obtuse, dull brownish black with a purplish gloss as seen in certain positions, and with numerous darker clouds; the costa finely streaked with dark fulvous and brown, the inner margin some- times paler in the middle : hind wings pitchy black. This is a variable species in the strength and brightness of its markings. Taken in woods in June. [■■ Synonyme. — Phahena Tortrix Lediana, Linnxus ; Clark ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 934. Species 24. — Pseudotomia nitidana,' — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 25). — Measures ~ of an inch in expanse ; wings black with a silvery ashy fascia outwardly unangulated across the fore wings before the middle, bearing a slender dusky line along its centre ; the costa beyond the middle with very short black and silvery oblique lineolaj ; towards the apical margin is an abbreviated ashy silver}' striga scarcely visible : hind wings black. Taken in woods in June, not uncommon. ' Synonyme. — Pyralis nitidana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 935. Species 25. — Pseudotomia aurana,' — (Plate LXXXIII., Fig. 26). — Measures from i to nearly ^ an inch in expanse ; fore wings dark brown with a golden gloss, the inner margin with a large lunate spot and a large PI. 34. t V f ^<^ ^ % AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS 127 round patch, near the apical margin, of bright orange : hind wings black, glossed with golden in certain lights. Taken on umbelliferous flowers, and hovering over them in the sunshine, in June. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis auriina, Fabricius; Donovan 2, pi. 57, g. 2 ; Hawoith ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 936. Pyralis mediana, Fabricius ; Hiibner. Pyralis fulvana, Fabricius. Tinea fulvella, Fabricius. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXXIV. Insects. — Fig. I. Steganopt^cha telraquetrana (the square baned single dot). „ Fig. 2. Steganoptycha Angulanii (the angle striped single dot). „ Fig. 3. Steganoptycha Unipunctina (the marbled single dot). „ Fig. 4. Steganoptycha triquetrana (the angle barred single dot). J, Fig. 5. Steganoptycha Bosberana (the Bceberian), „ Fig. 6. Steganoptycha pavonana (the blotch backed grey). „ Fig. 7. Steganoptycha Cuspidana (the pointed bar). Insects. — Fig. 8. Steganoptycha Rhombifasciana (the square bar). „ Fig. 9. Steganoptycha Cinereana (the mottled grey). „ Fig. 10. Steganoptycha Stictana (the spotted red). „ Fig. 11. Steganoptycha Retusana (the variable red), „ Fig. 12. Steganoptycha subuncana (the Red Hook-tip). Plant Fig. 13. Lyclmis flos-cuciili (the cuckoo flower or ragged robin). The whole of tlie insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, except S. Stictana. STEGANOPTYCHA, Stephens. These insects have the fore wings narrow, with the apical margin slightly emarginate, and having a slight notch near the costa, the base of the anterior margin reflected in the males, with an elongated pencil of hairs capable of being expanded like a fan ; these wings are generally of sombre colours, the palpi are longer than the head, and dilated at the tips, with the terminal joint exposed, the antennae are simple in both sexes, and the thorax is not crested. Species 1. — Steganoptycha tetraquetrana," — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 1).— Measures about 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings grey with a reddish tinge, and slightly waved with brownish, the base with a square brown bar, especially distinct on the inner margin, with a single brown dot near the anal angle, which is occupied by an ashy cloud, and the costa marked with a few whitish lineolse : hind wings brownish, with the margins dusky brown. Taken near woods in June. " Synonyme. — Tortrij! tetraquetrana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 937. Species 2.— ^Steganoptycha angulana,'' — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 2). — Measures about 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings reddish grey, with numerous slender, dusky, evanescent, angulated, linear strigse ; a somewhat undulated, obscure fascia near the base, clouded with brown ; and a brown spot towards the anal angle, placed upon an obscure oblique band ; the anal angle, and the middle of the inner margin, faintly blotched with ashy white : hind wings brown. Taken in June, in Darenth "Wood, Kent. Supposed by Mr. Stephens to be a variety of the female of the preceding species. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix angulana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 938. Spepies 3. — Steganoptycha unipunctana,'^ — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 3). — Measures from | to -j- inch in expanse ; fore wings ashy gray, clouded with brownish, with a rhomboid brown fascia at the base ; a brown spot a little beyond the middle towards tlie costa, united to a short nearly obsolete grey-brown fascia ; in the middle of the inner margin is a nearly obsolete angulated whitish patch, the costa slightly streaked with pale lines, and with a terminal oblong black dot ; hind wings darker or lighter brown. Taken, according to Mr. Haworth, in the neighbourhood of furze bushes, (' in Ulicetis,' not Urticetis,) in the spring, but on the elm and elder in June, by Mr. Stephens. ^Synonyme. — Tortrix u7iijDU«c/ana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 939. i.l- i'^v ev^ J 28 BRITISH MOTHS Species 4. — Steganoptycha triciuetrana,'' — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 4). — Measures about 7 lines in expanse; fore wings grey, the base with a trigonate ashy brown bar at the base, which is, however, often obscure ; the disc of the wing with a brown spot near the extremity towards the inner margin, the intermediate space is pale, terminated by a brown cloud ; hind wings brown. Taken at the end of June, but not common. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix triquetrana, Haworth ; Stephens ; 'Wood, fig. 940. Species 5. — Steganoptycha pavonana, ' — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 6). — Measures 7 lines in expanse; fore wings ashy, delicately clouded with black, the costa streaked with white and black lineolse, the extremity with an ustulated round spot, the inner margin with an ovate red spot, edged with black ; hind wings brown, with a darker border. Taken in woods in August, but rare. ' Synonymes. — Phalana pavonana, Donovan 2, pi. 58, fig. 3, pi. 59, fig. 1 ; Stephens (Illustr.) ; Wood, fig. 941. Tortrix rubiana, ViUers ? Haworth. Species 6. — Steganoptycha Bceberana,^ — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 5) Measures about 7 lines in expanse; fore wings ashy, with fine brown and dusky clouds, and with a broad lanceolated black streak, common to both wings, extending from the base to beyond the middle, and a little tinted with reddish on the middle of the hinder margin ; hind wings brown, varies in the depth of its "colours, and regarded by Mr. Haworth as a probable variety of the preceding species. Taken near London, and in the New Forest, in August. • Synonymes. — Pyralxs Bwberana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 942. PkaicBjia Tinea misella, Linnseus. Species 7- — Steganoptycha cnspiDANA,''(Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 7)- — Measures l an inch in expanse ; fore wings with the middle occupied by a broad pale red space, the base with a black fascia produced behind into an acute point. The apical margin also black, with ashy shades ; the costa also' faintly strigose, and the extremity with an ustulated brown spot ; hind ■wings dusky, especially on the margin. Regarded by Mr. Haworth as a probable variety of the last species, from which, however, it differs in wanting the black lanceolated streak. Taken in woods in August. '' Synonyme. — ToWriiT cwspidona, Haworth ; Stephens ; 'Wood, fig. 943. Species 8. — Steganoptycha rhombifasciana, "^ — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 8). — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy, clouded with black beyond the middle, and vsdth a trapeziform black fascia at the base of the wings ; the middle of the inner margin with a more or less distinct red patch, as in S. pavonana ; hind vdngs bro'wn. Taken in woods about the end of July, but rare. ^ Synonyme Tortrix rhombifasciana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 944. Species 9. — Steganoptycha stictana,'^ — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 10). — Measures about |- an inch in expanse ; fore wings reddish, clouded with small black dots or clouds, the base and apex similarly coloured, and without the markings of the allied species ; hind vrings brown. Taken in August, but rare. ** Synonyme. — Tortrix stictana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 495. Species 10. — Steganoptycha cineeeana,^ — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 9). — Mea,sures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy, marbled with brown, the costa ashy brown, very much marked with oblique striolas, and the apex itself with a round broven spot ; near the extremity of the wings is an obsolete somewhat silvery blind ocellus, having a brown iris ; hind wings brown. Taken on the trunks of trees, covered with lichens, in August, but rare. "Synonyme. — Tortrix cinereana, Haworth; Stephens; 'Wood, fig. 946. PI . 85 TJ f AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 129 Species 11. — Steganoptycha retusana •" — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig, 11) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse; fore wings retuse, ashy red, with a whitish- ashy spot in the middle of the inner margin, the base with a dark fascia on the same margin ; the costa obliquely streaked with white, the anal angle ashy, with some black transverse lines, and a round red spot at the apical angle ; hind wings brown. Very variable, the fore wings having the ground colour var}dng from ashy red to pale testaceous, sometimes almost uniform, but sometimes with the markings more contrasted and distinct. The costal strigae more or less distinct, the marking on the middle of the inner margin varying in width and size, &c. Taken in woody districts, and common in June. ^ Synonyme. — Tortrix retvsana^ Uawortb ; Stephens; Wood, fig, 947. Species 12. — Steganoptycha subuncana - — (Plate LXXXIV., Fig. 12) — Measures about i aa inch in expanse ; fore wings pale reddish, the costa with white oblique Hneolse, and the tip (wliich is slightly caudate and recurved) with a brown dot near the base ; on tlie inner margin is a darker red-brown patch, terminated by a transverse white line, shaded off towards the costa ; anal angle with an ashy patch ; hind wings dark brownish. Taken in woods in June, but rather uncommon. s Synonyme Tortrix subuncana, ^ Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 948. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXXV. Insects. — Fig. 1. Anchvlopera obtueana (the blunt-winged blotch back), „ Fig. 2, Anchylopera unculana (the hook-tipped blotch back) . „ Fig. 3. Anchylopera Lundiana (the Lundian). „ Fig. 4. Anchylopera Lyellana (Lyell's). „ Fig. 5. Anchylopera fractifasciana (the broken-barred). „ Fig. 6. Anchylopera siculana (the hook-tipped streak). 7. Caterpillar. 8, Caterpillar in another stage. „ Fig. 9. Anchylopera diminutana (the festoon Tortrix). ,j Fig. 10. Anchylopera funulana (the dark festoon). „ Fig. 11. Anchylopera uncana (the bridge). „ Fig. 12. Anchylopera ustomaculana (the Loch Ranoch), „ Fig. 13. Anchylopera biarcuana (the double-arched). „ Fig. 14. Anchylopera derasana (the naked winged). „ Fig. 15. Anchylopera cuspidana (the sharp angled). „ Fig, 16. Philalcea ramella (the hooked marble). 17. The Caterpillar. Insects. — Fig. 18. Philalcea nigromaculana (the beautiful marble). ,j Fig. 19. Philalcea n^evana (the spotted short cloak). „ Fig. 20. Philalcea sociana (the white short cloak). „ Fig. 21. Philalcea amceuana (the marbled short cloak). „ Fig. 22. Philalcea Paykulliana (the PaykuUian). „ Fig. 23. Philalcea fimbriana (the double crescent). 24. A variety. „ Fig. 25, Philalcea bilunana (the hoary double crescent). „ Fig. 26. Philalcea subocellana (the retuse marble). „ Fig. 27. Philalcea asseclana (the obtuse marble). „ Fig. 28. Philalcea Mitterbacheriana. 29 — 30. Varieties, (the Mitterbachian). Plant 31. Rhamnus Catharticus (Buckthorn). All the insects figured on this plate are from the collection of Mr. Bentley, except Anchylopera Lyellana, which is from Rlr. Curtis's fig. from a specimen in his cabinet. ANCHYLOPERA, Stephens, Curtis. These insects are chiefly distinguished by their fore wings, of which the tips are slightly falcated (whence the generic name), and the disc with pale undulated or curved longitudinal lines sometimes dividing the wing into two differently coloured portions ; the inner margin is also marked with a large subtrigonate or semiovate spot. The palpi are nearly horizontally pon-ected, very squamose, but with the apical joint not concealed ; the crown tufted. The caterpillars have six pectoral, eight ventral, and two anal feet. Species 1. — Anchylopera obtcsana '' — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 1) — Measures nearly \ an inch in expanse ; fore wings obtuse, reddish, with an irregular silvery-ashy fulvous fascia, faintly margined with white, extending from the base of the costa to the anal angle, and slightly branched ; the remainder of tlie costa very strigose, with white and red lineolse ; the apex with a red spot edged with white ; hind wings brown. Taken in woods, near London, about the beginning of June, but rare. ^ Synonyme. — Tortrix ohiusana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 949. VOL. II. S 130 BRITISH MOTHS Species 2. — Anchylopera consobkina ' — Very similar to the preceding species, " and may be only the female : the superior wings are narrower, and the silvery line across the middle is more arcuated and oblique." ^•'- t' — Curtis, 1. c, by whom a specimen was taken in Coombe Wood. ' Synonyme. — Anchylopera consobrina, Curtis, Brit. Ent. 376. Species 3. — Anchylopera unculanaJ — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 2) — Measures about 7 lines in expanse; fore winws somewhat caudate, ashy, with a large ustulated red patch common to both wings near the base, and another near the tip of the costa of the same colour, but paler and triangular, the intervening space ashy with a slender white edging ; the costa has some very short obscure silvery lineolsB, two more distinct converging towards the apical margin, and partly inclosing an angular red space at the tip; hind wings dark brown. Taken in woods near London, in June. J Synonyme. — Tortrix unculana^ Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 950. Species 4. — Anchylopera lundiana •'' — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 3) — Measures 7 lines in expanse; fore wings caudated, pale ochreous, which colour extends obliquely towards the anal angle, fulvous towards the extremity, with a golden-coloured very oblique striga, and a large ustulated chestnut patch at the base on the inner margin, common to both the wings ; the costa beyond the middle is marked with some very short oblique silvery lineolEe ; the apical margin is pale as well as the fringe ; the hind wings are brown. Taken in woods about the end of May. ^ Synonymes. — Pyralis Lundiana ¥tihT\cmz\ Haworth; DoDovan, pi. xl., 374, fig. 1; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 951. Tortrix Corylana, Hiibner. Species 5. — Anchylopera lyellana ' — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 4) — Measures 6i lines in expanse ; satiny, pale cinereous ; collar and apex of the abdomen ochreous ; superior wings slightly variegated with pale ochre ; on the costa are an oblique macula at the middle, three dots beyond, and a spot at the apex, dull ferruginous ; on the interior margin is the usual large patch of a deep brown and subtrigonate ; nearer the anal angle a brown crescent (bearing five black lines and dots), which leaves a grey oval macula at the anal angle. (Curtis.) Taken at Kinnordy, in Scotland. ' Synonyme. — Anchylopera Lyellana, Curtis, Brit. Ent., fol. 376 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 959. Species 6. — Anchylopera feactifasciana " — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 5) — Measures about 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale brown, mottled with gray and strigose, with a dark broad fascia towards the base of the wings, slightly incurved, and a second, often very much interrupted or broken, and oblique across the middle, of reddish or fulvous brown ; the costa prettily spotted with brown and buff- white, having a dot near the apex twice the size of the others ; within the apical margin is a row of brown dots not extending either to the apical or anal angles, and occasionally obliterated ; the hind wings brownish. Taken near Brockenhurst, in the New Forest, near London, and also near Ambleside. " Synonyme. — Tortrix fractifasciana, Haworth ; Stephens, llluat. H. 4, pi. 34, fig. 3 ; Wood, fig. 953. Species 7. — Anchylopera siculana " — (Plate LXXXV., Figs. 6, 7, 8) — Measures from 6 to 7f lines in expanse ; fore wings very acutely produced at the tip and falcate, of a reddish-buff colour, with a whitish streak extending from the base nearly to the apex ; another central, interrupted brown or black extending to the apex, bordering on the preceding ; the costa from the middle to the apex is marked with numerous very oblique black lineolse, bordered with whitish buff : the hind wings pale brown. Taken at Wimbledon Common, Coombe Wood, &c., in May. ° Synonyme. — Tortrix sicH/arao, Haworth ; Hiibner; Stephens; Wood, fig. 934. AND THEIU TRANSFORMATIONS. 131 Species 8. — Anchylopera diminutana ° — (Plate LXXXV.. Fig. 9) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings rather acute at the tip, reddish, with broad ashy waved vitta extending within the whole of the inner margin, and separated from the red fore part of the wing by a distinct whitish streak which follows its undula- tions, and runs to the apex of the wing : hind wings ashy brown. Taken in the woods round London, in June. " SvNONVME. — Torlrid' dimbiutana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 855. Species 9. — Anchtlopera funulanap — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 10) — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore 5. j7to^U<«.^««' wings slightly caudate, brownish-red, with a broad, much- waved, longitudinal streak, extending nearly from the ?l-ft>- f'j' •'■'•■ base to the apex, and dilated into a patch on the inner margin before the middle : hind wings brown. Taken at .=«^' Coombe Wood, in June. pSykonyme. — Anchylopera funulana, Stephens; Wood, fig. 956. Species 10. — Anchtlopera uncana'' — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 11) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings brunneous, with the costa beyond the middle streaked with white ; the apex acutely produced and slightly recurved, in the middle of the inner margin is a large semicircular spot or arch of an ashy hue, and a second smaller confluent one towards the anal angle, within which latter are some dusky scales : hind wings pale brown. Taken in the woods round London, in June. 1 Synonii'mes. — Toririx uncana, Hiibner; Haworth; Stepliens : Wood, fig. 957. PhaltBiia Toririx geminana^ Donovan, si. pi. 370, fig. 1. Species 11. — Anchylopera ustomaculana ■' — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 12) — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings " deep brown, the base glossy, cinereous, with six or seven cleft marks on the costa of the same colour, the third continued to the anal margin, bearing an oblique brown fascia across the centre dilated at the middle, the margins sinuated ; a large subtrigonate mark on the internal margin silvery gray, some smaller, irregular markings of a similar colour towards the posterior margin, and a black spot at the apex." Taken by Mr. Curtis in the middle of June, in the Black Wood of Loch Rannoch. 'Synonyme. — Anchylopera ustomaculana, Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 376; Stephens; Wood, fig. 958. Species 12. — Anchylopera biarcuana * — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 13) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings dull ferruginous along the middle, with the costa rather paler, the inner part of the wing whitish-ash, which colour is separated from the dark front part by a waved whiti.sh line, which forms a curve opposite the middle of the inner margin, and a larger arch opposite the anal angle ; the costa beyond the middle bears some very oblique and slender black lineolae, and the extreme apex is dark coloured, the centre of the wing also bears one or two darker longitudinal lines ; the hind wings are ashy, with paler fringe. Taken at Coombe Wood, in May, by Jlr. Chant, and, on Wimbledon Common, by Mr. Lambert. = Synonymes Anchylopera biarcuana, Stephens (Catal.); Curtis. Phoxopieris cuspidana, Treitschke.' Stephens (Illustr.) ; Wood, fig. 959. Species 13. — Anchylopera derasana * — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 14) — Measures 6 lines in expanse ; fore vyings pale buff, vyith a large somewhat heart-shaped liver-coloured patch at the base on the inner margin, edged with a white line, followed by an angulated oblique reddish-brown striga, bearing several slight black dashes in the middle, extending from the middle of the costa but not reaching the inner margin ; the costa beyond the middle with slender dark oblique lines placed in a contrary direction, and the apical margin also darker coloured. Taken at Spitchweek, Devonshire, by Mr. Chant, in June. ■ Synonyme. — Tortrix derasana, Hiibner; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 960. s2 s.s.a^ jg2 BRITISH MOTHS Species 14. — Anchtlopera cuspidana " — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 15) — Measures 5^ lines in expanse ; fore wings with the tips slightly hooked, brown, with a large dark brown patch terminating obliquely near the middle of the inner margin, but not extending to the costa, which is greyish, with minute black dots ; at the middle of the costa arises a long, slender, very oblique brown dash, which extends to the apical margin below the apex, inclosing an elongated brown patch, bearing about eight whitish streaks, of variable length, running obliquely, but those near the tip being semicircular ; behind this space the wing is silvery gray, having a semicircular brown patch in the middle of the disc, and a smaller brown dot at the anal angle, the fringe at the tip bears a brown patch, followed by two white streaks ; hind wings pale greyish brown. Taken at Riddlesdown, near Croydon, about the beginning of August, by J. W. Douglas, Esq. ° Synonyme. — Cochylis cuspidana^ Treitschke ; Douglas, in Entomologist, p. 385, (but not of Stephens), PHILALCEA, Stephens, Curtis. ANTICLEA, Stephens, (olim.) These insects have the palpi porrected obliquely, and bent upwards, vyith the scales forming an elevated mass almost concealing the tip of the apical point ; the spiral tongue is very short, the antennae setaceous, the forehead with a tuft of scales ; the fore wings elongate, with the tip sometimes falcated, the disc pale, with black or other dark clouds or fascia. The caterpillars with six pectoral, eight abdominal, and two anal feet. Species 1. — Philalcea kamella' — (Plate LXXXV., Figs. 16, 17) — Measures about -J of an inch in expanse: fore wings cream-white ; the costa with slender oblique, black, lineolae through its whole length, the apical angle produced and slightly hooked, and occupied by a large fulvous-chestnut patch marked with black and white lineolae, the inner margin also bears a number of small dark patches, one in the middle larger than the rest, and the anal angle is broadly occupied by a large patch of silvery, leaden-coloured, and black scales, with a white external margin ; hind wings grayish-brown. Taken in hedges in June. Darenth. ^ Synonymes. — Phalcena Tortrix ramella, Linnseus ; Curtis ; Godart, pi. 253, fig. 2. Pyralis Imtana, Fabricius. Tortrix' harpana, Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens, (111.); Haust., 4, pi. 37, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 961. Species 2. — Philalcea nigromaculana " — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 18) — Measures | an inch in expanse; fore wings snowy white with the tips ashy-brown, clouded and spotted with black ; the costa vrith several black minute dots, and with a small spot before and another behind the middle ; the inner margin with two large black spots, the first before the middle, angulated and duplicated, and the second larger near to the anal angle, and acutely conical, adjoining which is a patch marked with ashy and white waved lines ; hind wings darkish-brown. Very widely dispersed, occurring in Ireland and Scotland, as well as in various parts of England, about the end of July, but very rare. " Synonyme. — Tortrix nigremaeulana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 962. Species 3. — Philalcea albana " — Measures 6i lines in expanse ; fore wings snowy-white, slightly clouded with ashy, the tip ashy-brown, an ashy spot before the middle of the wing formed of three approximating black strigsB, and another black conical spot near the anal angle ; hind wings whitish, with the tips dusky. Taken in Yorkshire and Kent about the end of June. It appears to be only a pale variety of the preceding. * SYvoTnuE.— Tortrix albana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 963. Species 4.— Philalcea n^vana^ — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 19)— Measures from 5 to 61 lines.in expanse ; fore wings, with the base, broadly livid black, occasionally streaked with white ; nearly across the middle of the wing is a broad white oblique fascia, dilated behind, and bearing a minute black dot ou the inner margin ; the AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 183 costa beyond the middle with minute faint whitish streaks placed in pairs, the anal angle with a large whitish patch emitting a short branch towards the disc of the wing ; tip of the wing with a round brownish spot and a white dash. Taken in the Kentish woods in June. y Synonvme.— ror^rix nffii'orao, Hiibner; Stephens; Wood, fig. 964. Species 5. — Philaloea sociana ^ — (Plate LXXXV., Fig 20) — Measures rather more than ^ an inch in expanse; fore wings black or blackish from the base nearly to the middle, followed by a snowy-white fascia, then another often abbreviated dark fascia extending from the middle of the costa, the apical half of the wing ashy- white, the margin itself darker ; the apical angle with a brunneous patch ; hind wings brown. Taken in woods, &c., in June. * Synonymes. — Tortrix sociana, Hawortli ; Stephens ; Wood, 6g. 965. Species 6. — Philalcea ajkenana^ — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 21) — Measures about ^ an inch in expanse ; very variable ; fore wings varied \^-ith white, blackish-brown, and ashy, the base dark, the middle of the costa with a reddish dash placed upon a small flexuous ashy transverse mark, beyond which is a dark longitudinal dot nearly in the middle of the wing, the apical margin also bears a conspicuous brunneous round spot, imperfectly edged with black, and ou the disc near the tip is a small black dot. In some specimens the wings are of a more ashy colour without the white, and sometimes they are entirely dark brown with the markings black. Taken in August at Darenth Wood and elsewhere. ■ Synonymes. — Tortrix amosnana, Hiibner. ( ? ). Tortrix incarnana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 966. ($.); Hiibner ! Species 7- — Philalcea patkulliana b — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 22) — Measures \ an inch in expanse ; fore wings hoary, clouded with ashy, with the base black, and with a very slender transverse minute black streak in the apical part of the wings towards the tip : hind wings whitish. Taken in woods in March, among dried leaves. '' Syhonyme. — Pyralis PaykuUiana, Fabricius ? Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 967. Species 8. — Philalcea fimbriana]_<^ — (Plate LXXXV., Figs. 23, 24) — Measures about ^ an inch in expanse ; very variable ; fore wings white, with fine lineolie, and clouds of black, the inner margin more ashy, the apex with a brown spot, the inner margin with a black lunule rather before the middle, and another beyond of brown near the anal angle, the inner angles of each directed towards the tips of the wings. A singular variety occurs with the fore wings black, the costa broadly wliite with abbreviated blackish strigse and dots ; the tip with a round brunneous spot imperfectly edged with white and black ; all the intermediate varieties, however, occur. Taken in birch woods, in June. '^ Synonymes. — Tortrix fimbrianat Thunberg ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 968. Tortrix sesguilunana, Haworth. Phexopteris triquetrana, Godart, (Hiibner?) Species 9. — Philalcea bilunana '' — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 25) — Measures i an inch in expanse; fore wings buff whitish, slightly clouded with ashy, the costa slightly marked with dusky streaks ; the inner margin, before the middle, is marked with an oblique black semi-lunate spot, the tip directed towards the apex of the wings : there is also an obscure ashy patch near the anal angle ; the apical angle being destitute of the round brunneous spot of the preceding species : the hind wings whitish. Taken in the crevices of the bark of birch trees, in woods, at the beginning of June. * Synonymes. — Tortrix bilunana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 969. Phoxopteris cretaceana, Duponchel. 134 BRITISH MOTHS Species 10. — Philalcea sdbocellana '^ — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 26) — Measures rather less than ^ an inch in expanse ; this bears considerable resemblance to P. ramella, but is smaller, and has the fore wings retuse at the tip, with the tips not produced ; they are whitish, with the base ashy, and irrorated with black ; the middle of the wings whitish, the extremity blackish, with a large subobsolete leaden or silvery patch with small black dots, and edged with white ; the costa obliquely lineolated with black, and the tip with a brunneous spot edged with black : hind wings brown, with the fringe silky, and pale bulF. Taken about the beginning of July, in hedges ; the caterpillar feeds within the leaf of the sallow, about the middle of September. ' SvNONVMES. — PhalcBna Tortrix subocellana, Donovan, xii. pi. 381, fig. 1 ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 970. Phoicopteris campoliliana, Duponchel, pi. 251, fig. 1. Species 11. — Philalcea asseclana*^ — (Plate LXXXV., Fig. 27) — Measures about i an inch in expanse; fore wings more obtuse than in the last-described species, which this mvich resembles; but it is rather larger, and differently coloured ; fore wings whitish, with bluish scales ; beyond the middle brown with a suboceUated silvery spot inclosing some black lineolse placed transversely ; the entire margins ashy, and near the tip is a round pitchy spot ; the ashy costa marked with black lineolse beyond the middle : hind wings brown. Taken in the Kentish woods in July. f SynonYiMes. — Tortrix asseclana, Hubner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 971. PhalcBna Tortrix succedana, Wien. Verz. ; Duponchel ; Curtis. Tortrix decorana, Haworth. Species 12. — Philalcea Mitterbacheriana " — (Plate LXXXV., Figs. 28, 29, 30) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; very variable ; fore wings wliitish, buff, brownish, reddish brown, or dark brown, and more or less suffused and streaked with brown ; rather before the middle is a rectangular conspicuous pale white fascia, and another oblique one beyond the middle, the latter more obsolete and interrupted, and also more or less dotted with silver, the intermediate space darkest, and beyond this fascia are often two or three minute black dots ; the costa prettily strigose with white lin eolse ; at the tip of the wing is a round rufous-brown spot : the hind wings are brown. The ground colours of the wing and the strength of the markings are very variable, scarcely two specimens agreeing together. Found in plenty throughout the summer. s Synonymes. — TortriT Mitterbacherianaf Wien. Yerz. 't Hubner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 972. Phalcena Tortrix trimaculana, Donovan, xi. pi. 369, fig. 1. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXXVI. Insects. — Fig. 1. Roxana arcuana (the arched ). ,, Fig. 2. Carpocapsa pomonella (the codling moth). 3. Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 4. Carpocapsa splcudana (the splendid). ,, Fig. 5. Carpocapsa grossana (the smoky marble). ,, Fig. 6. Carpocapsa aspidiscana (the spotted). ,, Fig. 7. Carpocapsa Woeberana (the Weberian). 8. Caterpillar. 9, 10, 11. Chrysalis. ,, Fig. 12. Carpocapsa Rheediella (the Rheedian). ,, Fig. 13. Carpocapsa uUcetana (the light-striped edge). Insects. — Fig. 14. Carpocapsa hypericaua (the yellow-striped edge). 15. Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 16. Carpocapsa Leplastriana (the Leplastrian), ,, Fig. 17. Carpocapsa perlepidana (the beautiful crescent). ,, Fig. 18. Carpocapsa juli.ana (Bentley'e marble tortrix). Plant. — Fig. 19. Hypericum pulchrum (St. John's wort). All the insects figured on this plate are from Mr. Bentley*s cabinet, except Carpocapsa aspidiscana, which is from Wood's figure. EOXANA, Stephens. The palpi, in the elegant insect which is the type of this genus, are compressed, bent upwards, with a sub- clavate mass of scales, which, however, leave the terminal joint exposed ; the antennae are slender ; the head tufted on the crown ; the fore wings deflexed during repose ; the apical margin slightly rounded ; the disc dark- coloured, and bearing several slender silvery striga. PL 86. ^ir i AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 135 Species 1. — Eoxana arcuana'' — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 1) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse; fore wines fulvous, irrorated with brown scales ; the costa near the base with a silvery patch ; a silvery transverse striga before the middle of the wing ; the space between the middle and the anal angle occupied by a pale buff dash, and a black patch crowded with silvery scales, which is followed by two other silvery more oblique strigas, the innermost of which is interrupted in the middle : hind wings dark brown. Taken in woods, at the end of June. ■■ Synonymes. — Phulasna ToHrix arcuana, Linnseas ; Donovan, xi., plate 364, f. 1 ; Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 973. Phalisna Tortrix lambergiana, Scopoli. CARPOCAPSA, Treitschke. SEMASIA, Stephens, (olim.) The palpi are clothed with short scales, not forming a clavate mass, and with the apical joint exposed ; the antennsB are short and setaceous ; the head is densely clothed with short scales ; the fore wings are slightly convoluted in repose ; they are oblong, with the apical margin with a faint emargination towards the costa ; the disc beyond the middle generally marked with a metallic patch, inclosing several black transverse dashes. Species 1. — Carpocapsa pomonella' — (Plate LXXXYI., Figs. 2, 3) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy-brown, the base darker, and with numerous dusky strigas ; the costa marked with dark lineolffi, and the anal angle with a large golden-red subocellated patch, clouded with darker coppery shades; hind wings dark brown, the base rather paler. The caterpillar feeds within the fruit of the apple, causing it to fall prematurely, and by this means occasioning much damage in apple districts. — See my article on this species in Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine, vol. xiv., p. 234. The perfect insect appears in June and July, and is found in gardens and orchards, but not very abundantly. * Synonymes. — Phalisna Tinea pomonella^ Linnaeus ; Wilkes, pi. 9 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 974. Pyralis pomona, Fabricius ; Haworth. Species 2. — Carpocapsa splendanaJ — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 4) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy, clouded with gray, beyond the middle brown, with an oblique fascia beyond the middle whitish ; and an ocellated violaceous patch towards the anal angle, with a slightly golden gloss, and bearing a few black streaks within, the costa is also obliquely strigose ; the hind wings are brown, with a slender black marginal line. Taken in the woods round London, but rare. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix splendana, Hiibner; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 975. Species 3. — Carpocapsa grossana '' — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 5) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings smoky-ash, streaked with black, especially along the costa ; across the middle is an oblique ashy- whitish fascia, followed by an obscure black patch at the anal angle, which bears some transverse- dark lines ; hind wings smoky-ash, with brown fringe. Taken in the New Forest, and also in the Kentish woods, in June. ^ Synonvme. — roririj7 grossana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 976. Species 4, — Carpocapsa aspidiscana ' — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 6) — Measures rather more than A an inch in expanse ; fore wings rusty-brown, with small black dots, and with a dark ashy rectangular fascia across the middle ; the costa with short oblique silvery streaks, arranged in pairs ; and near the anal angle is a subocellated spot, with a silvery margin, and bearing several small black transverse streaks ; the hind wings are brownish- gray, with paler fringe. Taken near London, and in the North of England ; but rare. ' Synonyme. — Toririx aspidiscana, Hiibner ; Curtis; Stephens; Wood, fig. 978. 136 BRITISH MOTHS Species 5.— Carpocapsa Wosberana "=— (Plate LXXXVI., Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)— Measures 61 to 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings fulvous, varied with numerous brown, golden, and silvery lineolfe on the costa, and with darker strigae and fascise (more or less rectangular) on the disc ; towards the anal angle is a subocellated patch, imperfectly edged with gold, and with black transverse strigse ; the fringe varied, with fulvous and black ; the hind wings black, or blackish-brown, with pale fringe. The caterpillar is pale dirty-greenish, with a red head, and feeds beneath the bark of the plum, which it thus loosens, and causes the tree to decay. It forms irregular cocoons of a fulvous colour. Mr. Spence found it in apple orchards, plentifiilly. The perfect insect appears in June. ■" Synonymes. — Pyralis Wteberana, Weiner Verz. ; Pabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens; 'W^ood, fig. 977. Tortrix unguicana^ Turton. Tortrix ornatana, Hlibner. PhaltEna Tinea unguicella, Linnaeus. Species 6. — Carpocapsa Rheediella ° — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 12) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse; fore wings brunneous ; beyond the middle fulvous ; the dark base terminated by an oblique dark brown fascia margined with gold, rising to the anal angle of the wing ; beyond this are two oblique golden abbreviated strigae running from the costa, and a third interrupted, which passes from the costa to the inner margin, behind three black dots placed transversely near the anal angle ; hind wings brown, with the outer portion paler. Taken in June, in woods round London, the New Forest, &c. 1 Synonymes. — Phalcena Tinea Rheediella, \jmn^M%\ Donovan, 1 ror^Hx aurana, Hiibner. xii., pi. 377, fig. 1 ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 979. I Tortrix albersana, Hiibner. Species 7- — Carpocapsa Ulicetana ° — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 13)— Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale ashy ; the costa streaked with fulvous and whitish lineolae extending into the disc ; towards the anal angle is a black spot, edged behind with an interrupted silvery annulus, preceded by two or three brown dots placed within an obscure, sub-fulvous patch : hind wings brown. Very variable in the ground colours of the wings. Taken in March and again in August, in hedges, and in the neighbourhood of furze bushes on commons. " Synonymes. — Tortrix Ulicetana, Haworth; Curtis. Tortrix lanceolana, Hiibner ? Stephens ; Wood, fig. 980. Tortrix Zachana, Hiibner. Species 8. — Carpocapsa Hypericana P — (Plate LXXXVI., Figs. 14, 15) — Measures ^ an inch in expanse ; fore wings yellowish-fulvous coloured, the costa beyond the middle bearing slender, elongated, dusky lineolse, and some silvery ones behind ; towards the anal angle is an obscure, silvery ocellus, almost obliterated, with two or three very minute black dots placed transversely : hind wings brown. Taken in woods in May and June ; but rare. P Synonyme. — Tortrix Hypericana, tluhnet ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 981. Species 9. — Carpocapsa Leplastriana "—(Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 16) — Measures from 5^ to 7 lines in expanse; fore wings " transversely streaked with very fine black waved lines; about 16 white marks on the costa, descending obliquely in ochreous lines, alternating with five or six dull silvery ones ; several double whitish lines arising at the interior margin, two at the middle lengthened and arched ; near the posterior angle is an oval silvery ring, the centre ochreous, bearing three black dots or lines ; inferior wings brown, with a yellowish rosy tinge." — Curtis. Taken near Dover, at the beginning of July. 1 Synonyme. — Carpocapsa Leplastriana, Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 352 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 982. Species 10. — Carpocapsa perlepidana ' — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 17) — Measures 5 or 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy-fulvous, varied with brown, but towards the base on the inner margin, brown ; the costa is PI. 87. ^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 137 prettily streaked with brown and silver : in the middle of the inner margin is a slender, silvery, semi-lunate mark, in which is a very slender brown striga ; this lunule is followed by a black patch which terminates in a subocellated spot, with an interrupted golden iris, and with four oblong black dots forming a transverse pupil ; the fringe in certain positions is golden and very glossy : hind wings brownish. A widely dispersed but rare species. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix perlepidana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 983. Species 11. — Carpocapsa Jdliana ' — (Plate LXXXVI., Fig. 18) — Measures 7 lines in expanse; fore wings gray at the base, with patches of brown extending from the costa into the disc of the wing ; the space near the extremity of the costa buff, with oblique blackish lineolae ; near the base of the inner margin is a small conical blackish spot, followed by a large white space ; towards the anal angle is a large maculated patch varied with silvery scales and black transverse lines, and resting on a ferruginous base ; the apical margin also ferruginous ; hind wings brown, with a golden tinge. Taken in Suffolk and at Killarney, by Mr. Curtis; also in the New Forest, near Lyndhurst, by Mr. Bentley, in July. ' Synonyme. — Philalcea Juliana, Bentley ; Curtis; Biit. Ent. pi. 583 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1678. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXXVII. Insects. — Fig. 1. Carpocapsa stelliferana (the Starry Tortrix). „ Fig. 2. Carpocapsa pupillana (the Wormwood Tortrix). „ Fig. 3. Carpocapsa fulvana (the fulvous-sealed). „ Fig. 4. Carpocapsa cana (the hoarj-sealed). „ Fig. 5. Carpocapsa Scopoliaoa (the Scopolian). „ Fig. 6. Carpocapsa rufana (the red-sealed). „ Fig. 7. Bactra egenaua (the dusty drab). „ Fig. 8. Bactra pauperana (the spotted drab). „ Fig. 9. Bactra egestana (the lesser drab). Insects. — Fig. 10. Bactra fuscana (the brown drab). „ Fig. II. Ablabia expallidana (the pale drab). „ Fig. 12. Bactra Uliginosana (the darkling drab). „ Fig. 13. Ablabia quadripunctana (the dotted drab). Plant. — Pyrus domestica (True-service tree). All the insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, except C. stelliferana, from the fig. of Mr. Curtis of an insect in his cabinet. Species 12. — Carpocapsa stelliferana ' — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 1) — Measures ^ an inch in expanse ; " yellow, cinereous, shining ; superior wings with ten whitish spots on the costa, none at the base, two or three producing silvery lines ; a whitish spot on the interior margin, and another nearer the middle ; an indistinct silvery oval near the posterior angle containing" three black dots ; inferior wings whitish at the base." — Curtis. Taken in Perthshire, and elsewhere, in the north of England. ' Synonyme. — Carpocapsa stelliferana, Curtis ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 984. Species 13. — Carpocapsa pupillana " — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 2) — Measures about 8 lines in expanse; fore wings white, slightly shaded with brownish towards the costa and along the inner margin ; before the middle of the wing is an oblique, blackish, abbreviated fascia ; another, rather broader, runs across the wing from the middle of the costa to the anal angle, where it branches off into an arch extending nearly to the apical angle and inclosing a glossy, ocellated patch composed of numerous small black dots ; the costa beyond the middle is slightly spotted with brown, and the apex itself is brown, with two small white dots : hind wings dark brown. Variable, the dark markings being sometimes obliterated. The caterpillar feeds on wormwood, amongst which the moth occurs, especially on our coasts, in June. " Synonymes. — Phalcena Tortrix pupillana, Linnaeus ; Fabricius ; Stephens, Illustr. 4, pi. 34, fig. 2 ; Wood, fig. 985 ; but not of Haworth. Tortrix absinthiana, 'H.^iha^'i; Haworth. Species 14. — Carpocapsa fulvana " — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 3) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings somewhat fulvous ; the costa marked with numerous short, oblique, whitish, and fulvous striolee, and vol. u. . T . /A, 'l^-^ 138 BRITISH MOTHS the tip acute ; near the anal angle is a suhocellated spot, with an interrupted silvery iris, and three short, interrupted black lineolae in the place of the pupil : hind wings dark brown. Taken in fields near woods, but not common. ' SvNONYMEs. — Carpocapsa fulvana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 986. Tortrix pupillana, Haworth ; but not of Linnccus, &c. Species 15. — Carpocapsa strigana ; Curtis. — Similar to C. fulvana, but smaller, and pale ochreous ; the superior wings are much shorter and less lanceolate. Species 16. — Carpocapsa cana " — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 4) — Jleasures 8 or 9 lines in expanse. Very- similar to C. fulvana, but differs in its hoary colour, with fulvescous clouds, the costal striolcB being more silvery, and behind the middle of the wing runs a paler longitudinal dash inclosing a short fulvescent streak ; the suhocellated spot near the anal angle is more silvery and less interrupted, and the three pupillated lineolas less broken ; the hind wings are brown, with the base paler. A widely dispersed but not common species. Taken in June and Julj' in pastures. ^ Synonyme. — Tor^f w cana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 987. Species 17- — Carpocapsa Scopoliana ■'^ — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 5) — Measures 7 to 9 hues in expanse ; fore wings rich chestnut brown ; the costa broadly pale, luteous brown, alternately streaked with somewhat rufous and pale oblique lineola, one of the rufous lineolffi in the middle of the costa more distinct ; a dark longitudinal dash runs along the middle of the wing, and the middle of the inner margin is marked with a pale patch, and within the anal angle is another smaller and suhocellated patch with an obscure silvery iris, and two or three minute black dots for the place of the pupil : the hind wings are dark brown. Very variable in the colour of the wings, and in the greater or less distinctness of the characteristic markings. Taken in June in various localities. " Synonyme. — Tortrix Scopoliana, Haworth ; Stephens ; M'ood, fig. 988. Species 18. — Carpocapsa rufana '' — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 6) — Measures 9 lines in expanse; "fore wings narrow, deep, immaculate, tawny red, the costa pale ; on the hinder margin near the anal angle is a very obscure, somewhat ocellated silvery spot, with three fulvescent lines in the middle ; cilia pale tawny : hind wings brown. Found at Darenth, in July." — Stephens. y SvNONYME. — Carpocapsa rufana, Stephens; Wood, fig. 989. Species 19. — Carpocapsa maritima ^ — Measures 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings very pale gray, the costal portion almost white at the base ; along the inner margin is a browner patch terminating on the disc in a darker dot ; the costa beyond the middle is white, with numerous slender, dark, oblique lineolas ; the apex of the wing is marked by a small, oblique, dark streak, terminating the pale costal portion : near the anal angle is a white blotch surrounded by a silvery ocellus, bearing some minute black dots on its circumference towards the base and apex, and a slight black streak on its anterior margin : hind wings pale, shiny, grayish brown. Taken on the Sea Wormwood, near St. Osyth, in Essex. Ohs. — Mr. Curtis doubtingly adds the Tortrix Germana of Hiibner to this Genus. * Synonyme. — Carpocapsa maritvna. Dale's MSS. ? Douglas, in Entomologist, p. 385. BACTRA, Stephens ; Curtis. APHELIA, Stephens (Catal.) The palpi are porrected and densely clothed with scales, forming a very dilated mass, concealing the terminal joint ; the antennae are setaceous ; the head thickly squamose ; the fore wings long, narrow, and lanceolate, vdth .3.''. IV AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 139 the apical margin obliquely truncate ; the apical angle acute ; the disc almost destitute of markings : they are somewhat deenmbent in repose : the body is rather short, and tufted in the males. The species frequent damp and rushy situations. Species 1. — Bactra egenana ^ — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 7) — Measures 7^ lines in expanse; fore wings dirty reddish buff, beyond the middle slightly irrorated with brown scales ; hind wings brownish white ; fringe of all the wings pale buff; fore wings beneath darker brown. Found in damp situations, in May ; Coombe Wood, Surrey. * Synonvme. — Tortrix egenana, H^voTth; Stephens ; VN'ood, fig. 990. Species 2. — Bactra pauperana ^ — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 8) — Measures 7^ lines in expanse ; fore wings obscure brown, with a golden gloss, obliquely truncate at the tips, with two small oblong darker brown spots on the disc, one towards the base almost obsolete, the second beyond the middle, curved and more distinct ; a small dark brown dash also at the apex, and another, smaller, in the middle of the apical margin. Mr. Haworth's typical specimens of this species have the costa, as well as the inner margin, slightly dotted with brown. This is even the case with liis variety /3, which has the discoidal spot obliterated : hind wings brown. Taken in damp places, Surrey, in May and the beginning of June. ■■ SvNOKYME. — Torlrut pauperana, Haworth ; Curtis ; Brit. Ent. pi. 599 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 941. Species 3. — Bactra egestana <■ — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 9) — Measures 7 lines in expanse; fore wings obscure reddish buff, obliquely truncated at the tip and immaculate, the inner margin of the wing bearing a verj' "'' "'' slender black line without the minute black dots: hind wings brown; fringe shining, whitish-buff; antennae short and slender. Taken near London amongst rushes in June. *^ Synonvme. — Toririx e^es/ana, Hawortli ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 992. Species 4. — Bactra plagana '' — Measures 7i lines in expanse; fore wings dark golden brown, with a broad blackish striga running down the middle of the wing from the base to the apical angle, and occupying S. /, fc nearly a third of the whole wing, but occasionally being less distinct : hind wings brown, with paler fringe. Taken near London, and in Norfolk, but rare, in May and July. '^ Synonyme. — Tortrix p/«^ana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 993. Species 5. — Bactra fuscana"^ — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 10) — Measures 8j lines in expanse ; fore wings golden-brown, or brovra, much mottled with chestnut patches, one of which is of large size, near tlie base of the wing ; another is curved, and placed in the middle ; and three, forming a triangle, towards the extremity, the ^. A.-^vmi.** outer one being placed upon the margin itself : the apex also with a dark dot ; the remainder of the wing is ^?- ''^- '^*^. prettily marked with minute fulvous irrorations ; hind wings brown. Taken amongst reeds, surrounding the fresh-water lake at Napton Lee, in Devonshire, (from which Col. Montague obtained so many of the species of aquatic birds now in the collection of the British Museum,) at the end of June, by Mr. Bentley. The markings in some specimens are less distinct. • Synonvme Ablabia fascana, Chant's MS. Species 6. — Bactra uliginosana ^ — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 12) — Measures 9 lines in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a pale buff colour, and having a satiny gloss ; on the disc, towards the base, are a very . . few very minute black atoms scattered about, and on the middle of the disc a black dot ; hind wings paler, and glossy ; the fore wings are much broader than in any of the other species, and have the costal margin much t 2 140 BRITISH MOTHS arched, and the apex acute ; the palpi are broadly conical at the tip, with the terminal joint exposed. Two specimens were taken at Whittleseamere, in July in 1824, by Mr. Bentley, in whose cabinet they are preserved. This insect ought probably to be formed into a distinct genus. ' Synonyme, — Bactra uliginosa, Bentley's MS. ABLABIA, HiJBNER; Stephens. BACTRA,** Curtis (599). The palpi in this genus are much more elongated and slender than in the preceding, with the penultimate joint not covered by a clavate mass of scales, and with the terminal joint moderately long, and quite distinct ; the antennae are simple ; the head slightly tufted in front ; the fore wings glossy, acutely-truncate at the tip ; the disc plain, and nearly destitute of markings. Species 1. — Ablabia 4-punctanas — (Plate LXXXVIL, Fig. 13) — Measures from 9 to 11 lines in expanse ; fore wings rufescent or pale, with a reddish tinge, varied with small dusky blotches, placed longitu- dinally : the first small before the middle, the second thrice as large, and angulated near the middle, the third near the apical margin, and the fourth nearly at the anal angle ; the costa obsoletely spotted with brown : hind wings dark reddish-brown. The markings on the wings vary greatly in intensity. One received by Mr. Haworth from Mr. Dale, with the name of Cantiana, now in my collection, has the first spot scarcely visible, the second small and oblong, and the others obliterated, the inner margin hoary, and the apical portion of the wing irrorated with brown dots. A very widely-dispersed species ; taken but rarely, in July and August. s Synonymes, — Tortrix quadripunctana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 995. Tortrix pratana, Hiibner. Species 2. — Ablabia expallidana *■ — (Plate LXXXVII., Fig. 11) — Measures ^ an inch in expanse; fore wings entirely pale whitish-buiF and seniipellucid, with a huffish tinge along the costal margin; the palpi are deflexed, * with the terminal joint distinct, and the preceding joint much less thickly squamose than in the types of the genus Bactra. The insect has, indeed, much of the appearance of some of the insects of the following family, but the arrangement of the veins of the wings reduces it to its present station. ^ Synonyme. — Tortrix expallidana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 994. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXXVIII. Insects. — Fig. I. Cnephasia asinana (the large gray elm). „ Fig. 2. Cnephasia longana — 3, pale variety (the long winged). „ Fig. 4. Cnephasia ictericana — 5, var. — (the jaundiced dr.ab). „ Fig. 6. Cnephasia sinuana (the waved elm). „ Fig. 7. Cnephasia Penziana (the penzian). „ Fig. 8. Cnephasia interjectana (the lesser gray elm). „ Fig. 9. Cnephasia Logiana (the logian). „ Fig. 10. Cnephasia obsoletana (the obscure elm). CNEPHASIA, Curtis ; Stephens. The palpi are porrected, ascending, with the second joint thickly squamose, but not forming a dense clavate mass ; with the terminal joint moderately long and distinct ; the antennas are slender and scaly, having a slightly Insects. — Fig. II. Cnephasia rectifasciana (the straight-barred elm). „ Fig. 12. Cnephasia curvifasciaua (the curve-barred elm). ; „ Fig. 13. Cnephasia littoralis (the mottled coast Tortrix). „ Fig. 14. Cnephasia nubilana (the smoky gray). „ Fief. 15. Cnephasia perfuscana (the deep brown). „ Fig. 16. Cnephasia cinerana (the pale ash). Plant. — Fig. 17. Saxifraga geum (kidney-leaved saxifrage). All the insects on this plate are from Mr. Bentley's cabinet, except C. ourrifasciana, which is from Mr. Wood's very excellent figure. Mr. Stephens' specimen does not probably belong to the genus, as he describes the palpi as slightly curved over the back. 5Iy description is made from Mr. Haworth's typical individual now in my cabinet. PI 88. -% "J^ \ ^ "^ ^ I, 1 t AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 141 serrated appearance in the males ; the crown of the head is tufted ; the wings, when at rest, form an elongated triangle ; the fore ones are rather narrow, with the tips rounded ; they are generally pale, with darker interrupted or waved fasciae. Species 1. — Cnephasia asinana' — (Plate LXXXVIIL, Fig. 1)— Measures 9 to 11 lines in expanse; fore wings ashy-buflp, with a rather broad brown fascia near the base, not extending to the inner margin, rather incurved, unangulated, and often dotted with black ; a second beyond the middle more distinct, broader, and oblique, with the inner edge much angulato-sinuated ; and a third, much less distinct, arising upon the costa near the tip, and often interruptedly continued to the anal angle ; the markings are, however, sometimes nearly obliterated, and the ground of the wings paler : hind wings brownish-buff. Taken in various parts of the south of England, in June. ' SvNoNYMEs. — TorlrU' asinana, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1000. Pyralis cretana, Fabricius. Species 2. — Cnephasia longana ' — (Plate LXXXVIIL, Figs. 2, 3) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings narrow, with the tips rounded, luteous- white, with three more or less distinct brown patches, irregularly confluent and transverse, in the basal half of the wing ; and three other larger, more irregular, and confluent, in the apical portion of the vring ; along the apical margin the wings are also occasionally reticulated with brown : hind wings ashy. The colours of the fore wings vary considerably, and the patches are more or less obsolete. Taken in meadows and marshes, in June ; but not common. ' Synonyme. — TortriiV longana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 997. Species 3. — Cnephasia ictericana'' — (Plate LXXXVIIL, Figs. 4, 5) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse; fore wings pale yellowish-buff, varying to cream colour, immaculate, the tips rounded ; hind wings whitish-buff, or with a reddish tinge ; fringe almost white and glossy. Taken in damp meadows, in June. '' Synonyme. — Tortrix ictericana, Hawoith ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 998. Species 4. — Cnephasia sinuana ' — (Plate LXXXVIIL, Fig. 6) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore vrings ashy white ; at a short distance from the base is an incurved dark-brown fascia, with a tooth in the middle of its outer margin ; across the middle of the vying is a broader dark brown oblique fascia, extending from the middle of the costa towards the anal angle, and having a tooth on the middle of its inner edge, and its outer edge gradually shaded off; apical margin dark brown; the costa with several dark dots towards the tip. Taken in the Kentish woods ; but very rare. Wood's figure, 999, can scarcely represent this insect. ' Synonyme. — Torlrix sinuana, Wien. Verz. ; Hiibner; Stephens ; (Wood, fig. 999 ?) Species 5. — Cnephasia Penziana"^ — (Plate LXXXVIIL, Fig. 7) — Measures 11 to 13 lines in expanse ; fore wings white, speckled with small black dots, and with three irregular fasciae of the same colour, the first incurved towards the base, terminating towards the inner margin in a slender line, the second wider and oblique running from the middle of the costa towards the anal angle and the third parallel with the second, extending to the middle of the apical margin ; hind wings white, irrorated towards the outer angle with faint brown ; the fascias of the fore vsdngs are sometimes broken into distinct dots, such variety constituting Mr. Haworth's species, Cn. octomaculana. Taken amongst lichens upon rocks in the north of England and Scotland about the beginning of July. » Synonymes — Tortrix Penziana, Thunberg? Stephens ; Wood, fig, 996. Cnephasia bellana, Curtis; Brit. Eut., pi, 100. S. 3. c^ 142 BRITISH MOTHS Species 6. — Cnephasia interjectana " — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 8) — Measures about 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings whitish ash, thickly irrorated with numerous subconfluent black atoms, a somewhat oblique brown fascia near the base, acutely unangulated, a second from the middle of the costa, nearly to the anal angle, entire, broad, and not sinuated on the inner margin ; the extremity of the wings ashy brown, with fainter clouds and darker dots ; hind wings pale ashy brown. Taken in June near London and elsewhere. " Synonymes. — Tortrix inierjectana, Suvioilh ; Stephens; \Vood, fig. 1001. Tortrix masculana, Hiibner 1 Species 7. — Cnephasia logiana ° — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 9) — Measures from 6 to 9 lines in expanse ; fore winws with the ground colour generally ashy white, but varying to whitish, ashy brown, dusky, or nearly black, thickly irrorated with dusky dots, and with three sinuated brown oblique fasciae, dotted with black, the first before the middle, the second beyond and broader, extending from the middle of the costa nearly to the anal angle, the third parallel therewith, but narrow and more less interrupted in the middle, and extending to the middle, and along the hind part of the apical margin ; the fascia3 vary in intensity, and are sometimes almost obliterated. A very common species in the neighbourhood of Elms ; taken in June. " Synonyme. — Phttltena Torlrix Logiana, Linnaeus ? Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1002. ToTtrix pascuiana, Hiibner. Species 8. — Cnephasia obsoletana p — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 10) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings " fuscous, nearly immaculate, with three very obsolete fascia, of which the basal one is curved and abbreviated, the second oblique and flexuous, the third short and faintly interrupted, arising on the costa near the apex, and terminating on the middle of the hinder margin. Taken near Ripley in June." — Stephens. P Synonyme. — Cnephasia obsoletana, Stephens ; "Wood, fig. 1003. Species 9. — Cnephasia rectifascianaI — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. II) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings ochreous white clouded with ashy, and with three ashy testaceous fascise dotted with black, especially at the edges, the anterior nearly straight, the second central and unislnuated on each side, the third abbreviated, extending from the costa near the apical margin ; between the last two fascia is a dot on the anal angle, and two dots on the costa, of an ashy testaceous colour : hind wings pale brown. It varies in being smaller and paler, with the fascise less distinct, and the middle one less sinuated. Taken in the neighbourhood of Elms, and widely dispersed. 1 Synonymes. Tortrijc rectifasciana, Haworth; Stephens; j Phaltsna Tortrix trifasciana,'DciTio\&u\ (Fabricius?) Wood, fig. 1004. j Tortrix bybridana, Hiibner .= Species 10. — Cnephasia curvifasciana '' — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 12) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings whitish-ashy, very minutely irrorated with brown, and with three curved ashy testaceous fascia dotted with brown; the first broad and angulated near the base ; the second rather narrow running across fji^ the middle, and narrowed towards the inner margin ; the third parallel with the apical margin arising from the interior, but scarcely extending half across the wing ; at the anal angle is a patch of the same colour, and two dots on the costa opposite to it : hind wings ashy brown. Taken in the woods of Kent, in June. ' Synonyme. — CnfpAasia curi'i/osciana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1005. Species 11. — Cnephasia ndbilana ' — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 14) — Measures 6 to 71 lines in expanse ; fore wings with the tips obtuse, deep ashy or dusky brown with numerous slender more or less confluent darker smoky brown strigae, with a somewhat indistinct fascia at the base, and a distinct broad nearly straight AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 148 fascia of smoky brown across the wings, beyond the middle, which is occasionally bifid at the costa, and extendintr to the anal angle, the tip of the wing also with a darker patch : hind wings and fringe deep black. The ground colour of the wings and the strength of the markings are very variable. Taken in hedges, woods, &c. in June, and very abundant. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix nubilana, Hubner; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1006. Species 12. — Cnephasia perfuscana ' — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 15) — Measures 7 lines in expanse; antennae slender and reddish ; fore wings black or deep brown, shining, immaculate, or with a very few almost 31;/' indistinct darker markings : hind wings brownish, fringe ashy-brown. Mr. Stephens thinks this may be only a variety of the last species, in company with which it is taken. ' Synonyme. — T'ortrix perfuscana, Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1007. Species 13. — Cnephasia formosana" — " Pale fuscous, thorax and superior wings rosy chestnut, the latter with a considerable number of waved transverse pale shining lines as far as the middle, beyond which are two more compound ones, with several shorter on the costa, and a row of spots of the same colour at the base of the cilia ; abdomen ochreous at the apex. Similar to 0. nubilana in size and colour, but the superior wings are a little less obtuse, tlieir colour is very different, and the bar across the middle formed by the waved lines is narrower and more irregular." — Curtis. Locality unknown. ° Synonyme. — Orthotmnia formosana, Curtis, fol. 364. Species 14. — Cnephasia littoralis^' — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 13) — Measures 7^ lines in expanse ; fore wings narrow and somewhat lanceolate, pale shining stone-coloured gray, with minute patches of fulvous brown scattered over the wings, especially towards the base, near to which is a short fulvous brown bar on the inner margin, and a broader and more irregular one, of the same colour, beyond the middle of the wing, extending to the costa, which, beyond the middle, is marked with three or four conspicuous brown dots ; the apical portion of the wing with a nearly semicircular patch of fulvous brown, bearing a silvery gray streak on the margin, not extending to the tip of the wing, nor to the anal angle ; hind wings silvery brownish-gray, with pale fringe. Taken on the southern coast of England, by Messrs. Dale and Curtis. 'Synonyme. — Cnephasia littoralis, Cnrtis's Guide. Species 15. — Cnephasia cinerana^'' — (Plate LXXXVIII., Fig. 16) — Measures about 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings broad ovate, with the costa much arched, especially in the middle, of a very pale ashy colour, with a yellowish brown tinge ; near the base is an abbreviated, rather narrow, rather darker fascia running from the costa half way across the wing, with a slender darker edging, and with a larger somewhat triangular patch in the middle of the costa, which extends in an obsolete manner to a patch near the anal angle ; the apical portion of the wing rather darker, and separated from the paler disc by a semicircular series of short brown streaks ; hind wings pale and shining, with the outer angle slightly darker. Taken by Mr. Bentley, in Dartmoor Forest, near Ashburton, Devonshire, in June. " Synonyme. — Cnephasia cinerana, Bentley's MSS. 144 BRITISH MOTHS DESCRIPTION OF PLATE LXXXIX. Insects. — Fig. 1. Sericoris quadrimaculana (the blotched drab). ,, Fig. 2. Sericoris striana (the straight-barred). ,, Fig. 3. Sericoris fasciolana (the small barred). „ Fig, 4. Sericoris urticana (the barred nettle). ,, Fig. 5, Sericoris tuicana (the silver dotted). 6. A com- mon variety. ff Fig. 7. Sericoris altemana (the alternate barred), ,, Fig. 8. Sericoris undulana (the silver striped). ; ,, Fig. 9. Sericoris graraineana (the great barred). ,, Fig. 10. Sericoris cespitana (the meadow barred). ,, Fig. 11. Sericoris politana (the red barred gray). ,, Fig. 12. Sericoris pulchellana (the dark barred gray). Insects. — Fig. 13. Sericoris fuligana (the smoky barred). Fig. 14. Sericoris subsequana (the faint silver stnped). Fig. 15. Sericoris myrtillana (the bilberry). Fig. 16, Sericoris aurofasciana (the gold barred). Fig. 17. Sericoris bifasciana (the double-barred orange). Fig. 18. Sericoris furfiirana (the mottled bran). Fig. 19. Sericoris marmorana (the marbled dog's tooth.) Plant. — Fig. 20. Silene inflata (the inflated catchfly). The insects figured in this plate are from specimens in the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, "with the exception of fasciolana, pulchellana, and furfurana, from the plates in Wood, " Index EntomoV'' SERICORIS, Treitschke. ORTHOT^NIA, pars Curtis. The species of this genus have the fore wings rather broad, with a rather broad, irregular, and often broken dark bar on the pale ground across the middle of the wing, being more oblique towards the costa, and with a less distinct one placed obliquely, near the middle of the apical margin ; the palpi are short and densely squamose, but with the apical joint acute and exposed, the body long and tufted at the tip in the males, and the females generally smaller than the opposite sex. Species 1. — Sericoris quadrimaculana " — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 1) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings subtruncate on the apical margin, of a pale ashy colour, with a reddish tinge, with several patches of brown on the disc, placed longitudinally, the first small before the middle, the second twice as large, angulated and placed nearly in the middle, the third crescent-shaped near the apical margin, and a fourth towards the anal angle ; the costa obsoletely spotted with brown ; the hind wings reddish-brown. The female is darker, and wants the reddish tinge. Taken in June near fir trees in Kent, Norfolk, and Surrey. ' Synonymes. — Tortrix quadrimaculana, H.a.von\i ; Stephens; 'Wood, fig. 1008. Tortrix antiquana, Hubner ; Curtis. Species 2. — Sericoris striana ^ — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 2). — This very variable insect measures from 6 to 10 lines in expanse ; of a testaceous or darker brown colour, obsoletely reticulated with darker brown, and occasionally almost atomose, with a strong straight dark brown fascia across the middle, obsoletely bidentate on the outer edge, and another smaller near the apical margin, interrupted towards the costa ; hind wings brown. In some specimens the wings are darker coloured, with the markings nearly obliterated except the strong central bar. Taken in hedges and woods about the middle of June, and very common. y Synonymes. — Tortrix striana. Wien. Verz. ; Stephens; (Illustr.;) Wood, fig. 1009. Piiralis fasciana, Fabricius ; Stephen's Catal. ; Haworth. Tortrix rusticana, Hubner. Species 3. — Sericoris fasciolana ^ — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 3) — Measures nearly 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings cinnamon gray, scarcely reticulated, and with a slightly oblique broad brown fascia, somewhat angulated across the middle, rather broader towards the inner margin, the apical margin with a dark shade of brown, forming a triangular patch ; hind wings brown, darkest on the outer margin. Very rare; locality unknown. * Synonymes. — Tortrix fasciolana, Hubner; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1010. PhaliBna Tortrix bilituranaf Donovan, x., pi. 371, f. 2. Species 4. — Sericoris urticana ''— (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 4) — Measures about a of an inch in expanse ; fore wings ashy-gray, pale, and irregularly nebulose,with the base and several nearly straight fasciae of H r>:>. '^R^ ^W^ i i AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. I45 brown, the middle of the wing having a broad straight bar of dusky brown dilated towards the inner margin, and another nearly obsolete and abbreviated fascia towards the middle of the apical margin, not reaching to the costa nor the anal angle ; the costa is marked with brown dots and lines beyond the middle. Common in places where nettles abound, during the month of June. Synonyme. — Tortrix urlicana, Haworth ; Hiibner; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1011. Species 5. — Seeicoris micaxa'' — (Plate LXXXIX., Figs. 5, 6) — Measures about 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings gray, varying to olivaceous, and irrorated with dark dots, with an irregular dark fascia at the base, and another broader one in the middle, dilated behind ; between these is a pale gray or silvery- white fascia, and beyond them a second, sometimes formed of a row of silvery spots ; near the apical margin is an abbreviated oblique fascia, the centre of the wing also sometimes with a silvery dot ; the custa, before as well as beyond the middle, dotted with blackish, and the fringe of the fore wings with a dark dot towards the anal angle. Taken in June, but not common. *» Synonymes. — Tortrix micana, Haworth ; Hiibner.' Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1015. Sericoris obsolelana, Stephens. Species 6. — Sericoris alternana '^ — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 7) — Measures 7 lines in expanse; shining ochreous gray ; thorax, and superior wings, freckled with black, the latter with nine pair of pale spots on the costa, the base rather darker, the black spots forming irregular and broken transverse lines, a blackish fascia across the centre, freckled with a few pale scales, having a longitudinal pale line across the middle; the apex rather darkish colour, cilia with a black spot at the tip and middle, inferior wings fuscous. Smaller than S. micana, Hiib., to which it is most nearly allied; the name is given from the alternate dark and pale spaces on the upper wings. Var. j3 ; larger, superior wings more ochreous, the markings brown and less distinct, the cilia immaculate. Curtis. Taken amongst heath in the Black Wood, Loch Eannoch, in the middle of July. ■^ SvNONYME. — OrthoicEnia alternana, Curtis' Brit. Ent., f. 364A. ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1013. Species 7- — Sericoris undulana '' — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 8) — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy-red, with three nearly straight dark brown fascite, obsoletely margined with silvery ; the first of these fascias is towards the base, and is dotted with black, the second across the middle, interrupted across its centre, and with its inner portion bifid, the third fascia is oblique and distinct, extending nearly to the anal angle; within the apical margin, near the anal angle, is a brown spot ; the costa with four pair of whitish streaks, each pair separated by a brown dot, fringe silvery, with a dark patch near the anal angle. Taken in woods in June, but not common. ^ Synonymes. — Tortrix undulana^ Wien. Verz. ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1014. Pyralis rivellana, Fabrlcius. Tortrix conchana, Hiibner ; Haworth. Species 8. — Sericoris gramineana ^ — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 9) — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings ferruginous brown, with seven or eight pairs of whitish spots on the costa, with a somewhat silvery serrated fascia, leaving a dark space at the base, apical portion of the same pale colour, leaving a dark and very c, o) j serrated fascia across the middle ; the apex, three triangular spots on the costa, and an oblique lobe-shaped mark rising from the posterior margin, and another near that angle, ferruginous brown ; inferior wings fuscous. Most allied to, and the size of, 0 cespitana, Hiib. Taken by Mr. Curtis, at the end of June, on grassy slopes, ascending Arthur's Seat. « Synonyme. — Orthotania gramineana, Curtis Guide, and B. E. fo. 364, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1015. VOL. II. U J46 BRITISH MOTHS Species 9. — Sericoris cespitana ' — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 10) — Measures 6^ lines in expanse ; fore wings dark brown with the base, a rather curved fascia before the middle, a small nearly central spot, followed by another fascia beyond the middle, deeply furcate ; all grayish with a silvery gloss, near the anal angle is a small brown mark, and the costa is marked with silvery oblique striolee, which unite into a patch near the apex of the wing : hind wings grayish-brown. Taken in Devonshire, Cumberland, and Scotland, in June and July. f Synonvme. — Tortrix cespitana, Hubner; Stephens; Curtis; Wood, fig. 1017. Species 10. — Sericoris politana s — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 11) — Measures 6^ lines in expanse; fore wines shining, rather glaucous, the base broadly and obliquely brunneous, an oblique sinuated fascia in the middle, and beyond this a more or less broken fascia, reaching from the costa to the anal angle, also brunneous ; the costa towards tlie apex with several dark dots; hind wings brownish. Taken in the New Forest, and in Devonshire, in June. B Synonvme. — Tortrix poUtana, Hawoith ; Stephens ; Wood, fig, 1018. Species 11. — Sericoris pulchellana '' — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 12) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse; fore wings obtuse, hoary, with a large oblique unangulated fascia of brown at the base, asecond broad, undulated, from the middle of the costa nearly to the anal angle, in which, towards the middle of the wing, is a fulvous spot ; a third fascia is formed of a semi-oval costal patch, and another pear-shaped one opposite to it, which scarcely reaches to the inner margin of the wing ; fringe brown, towards the tip of the wing blackish ; hind wings plumbeous, with white fringe. Taken in the New Forest and near London in June. •^ Synonyme. — Toririx pulchellana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1019. Species 12. — Sericoris fuligana ' — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 13) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings somewhat ashy, clouded with brown, the base of the wings, an oblique fascia across the middle, and the apical margin black without dots ; beyond the middle are some brown clouds and three conspicuous costal black dots, edged irregularly with white ; hind wings brownish black. Taken in June, in Noi-folk and near London. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix fuligana, HUbner ; Haworth ; Stephens* Wood, fig. 1020. Species 13. — Sericoris subsequana J — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 14) — Measures about 7 lines in expanse; fore wings reddish gray, shiny, with irregular somewhat silvery oblique strigse, and enclosing a reddish, entire, narrow, oblique fascia, arising from the middle of the costa, and a second towards the apex, being separated by a darker oblique streak, the tip of tlie wing with a brown dot ; and at the anal angle three minute, blackish lineolae : wings whitish, narrow, with the tip broadly brown. Taken near London and Edinburgh, in June. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix subsequana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1021. Species 14. — Sericoris myrtillana '^ — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 15) — Measures about 4^ lines in expanse; fore wings dark brown, and mottled with black ; on the inner margin, towards the base, is an indistinct ashy patch, bearing a dusky line, and a curved, slightly oblique fascia of the same colour before the middle, followed by a dark brown bar, which is succeeded by a large silvery ashy patch on the anal angle obsoletely extended obliquely to the costa, and an indistinct one at the apex ; the costal margin beyond the middle spotted with black, and pale ashy ; hind wings dark brown. Taken by Mr. Chant, on the bilberry, at Hazel Rock, near Ashburton, Devon, in June. ^ Synonyme. — Sericoris myrtillana, Chant's MS. ;)(). / AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 147 Species 15. — Sericoris auko-fasciana ' — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 16) — Measures about | an inch in expanse ; fore wings rich chesnut-brown, spangled with minute golden scales, which are arranged towards the base of the wings in curved lines, and form a broad, incurved fascia before the middle ; beyond the middle is a silvery gray, furcate fascia, one branch extending to the middle of the inner margin, and the other to the anal angle ; costa beyond the middle alternately golden and brown. Taken in July, ai Darenth Wood, Kent, and near Ripley, by Mr. Stephens. 1 Synosvme. — Tortrix auTO-fasciana, Haworth ; Stephens ; 111. H., pi. 38, /. 3 ; Wood, fig. 1022. Species 16. — Sericoris bifasciana ™ — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 17) — Measures from 5^ to 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale tawny clay-coloured, finely streaked with fulvous, with the base broadly brown, extending rather obliquely, and with a pear-shaped fascia of brown beyond the middle, dilated towards the costa ; the costa from the base to the middle fascia is broadly ashy, beyond which it is slightly streaked with white ; hind wings brown. Taken in Kent, in June. ■" Synonyme Tortrix bifasciana, Haworth ; Stephens. Species 17- — Sericoris furftjrana ° — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 18) — Measures about 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings dull reddish-gray, clouded and varied with red-brown patches, these patches unite so as occasionally to form two angulated incurved fasciae, one towards the base, and another across the middle ; there is also a broad, very oblique, apical dash, and a dot near the opposite margin towards the anal angle : hind wings brown. Taken in Kent, but very rare. " Synonyme. — Tortrix furfurana, Haworth ; Stephens; "Wood, fig. 1024. Species 18. — Sericoris marmokana ° — (Plate LXXXIX., Fig. 19) — Measures rather more than ^ lines in expanse ; fore wings greyish-brown, thickly marked with curved dusky lineolae ; the base darker, terminated by a darker patch towards the middle of the inner margin ; beyond this is a very much angulated fascia of dark brown and chesnut, broken in the middle, the part towards the anal angle being the widest ; the apical angle broadly ferruginous, divided obliquely by a whitish streak enclosing the apex, and marked on the costa with about six pairs of short white lines : hind wings brownish. "Widely dispersed; being found in Kent, Surrey, Essex, Devonshire, Norfolk, Scotland, &c., at the middle of July. "Symonymes. — Tortrix marmorana, Hiibner; Haworth; Curtis' Brit. Ent., pi. 551 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1025. Tortrix achatana, Wien. Verz. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XC. Insects. — Fig. 1. Notocelia Udmanniana (the Udmannian). | Insects. — Fig. 12. Pcecilochroma maculana (the black double- Fig. 2. PcBcilochroma Solandriana (the Solandrian). Fig. 3. Pcecilochroma trapezana. 4. A pale variety. 5. A medium var. 6. The caterpillar. Fig. 7. Pcecilochroma Commuuana, (the marbled diamond back). 8. Light var. (the cock's head). Fig. 9. Pcecilochroma piceana (the shining pitch). Fig. 10. Pcecilochroma vittana (the Niton Tortrix). Fig. 11. Pcecilochroma semifuscana (the half brown). blotched). „ Fig. 13. Pfficilochroma maurana (the great double bar). „ Fig. 14. Ptycholoma Lecheana (the Lechean). „ Fig. 15. Ptycholoma obsoletana (the obsolete). The insects figured in this plate are from specimens in the Cabinet of Mr. Bentley, mth the exception of Maurana, and Obsoletana, from the figures in " Wood." The Caterpillar is from Hiibner. H. N. H. NOTOCELIA, Hubner. ASPIS, Treitschke. The palpi are short, bent downwards, and very much squamose, forming a compressed and clavate mass in which the terminal joint is concealed. The antennee of the males are slightly serrated ; the thorax stout ; the u2 148 BRITISH MOTHS fore wings broad, short, slightly emarginate at the apex ; the disc almost immaculate, but with a large triangular blotch near the anal angle. Species 1. — Notocelia udjianniana p — (Plate XC, Fig. 1) — Measures from 7 to 8|^ lines in expanse; fore wings brown, or ashy-brown, faintly streaked with darker brown ; towards the anal angle is a large chesnut conical patch, edged with a broad fascia, rather paler than the disk of the wing, the outer portion extending to the costa, beyond which the costa is darker, with slight, whitish streaks, arranged in pairs. Widely dispersed, and not uncommon in woods. Taken in June. pSvnonymes. — Phal.Tortrix Urfjnanniana, Linnseus; Donovan, . Pyralis SolandrianajFahrmas. Vol. 5, pi, 153, 6g. 1 — 3; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1026. Tortriw achatanajMnXinev, PGECILOCHROMA, Stephens. SPILONOTA, pars Curtis. The palpi are densely squamose, but with the terminal joint exposed ; theantennse of the males are pubescent within, but simple in the females ; the fore wings large, rounded behind, " rarely fasciated, but mostly dotted or freckled with dark colours, and having a more or less distinct pale blotch on the middle of the inner margin, or margin is entirely pale." They are also of a somewhat larger size than many of the foregoing species. Species 1. — Pcecilochroma solandriana 1 — (Plate XC, Fig. 2) — Measures about | of an inch in expanse ; fore wings pale, minutely atomose, the costa obsoletely dotted with brunneous ; in the middle of the inner margin is a large semi-oval patch, of rusty brown, the edge of which is rather irregular ; hind wings brownish. Widely dispersed but not a common species. Taken in woods and forests about the end of July. 1 Synonymes — Phal. Tortrix Solandriana, Linnajus ; Haworth ; Stephens; AVood, fig. 1027. Pjjralis Udmanniana, Fabricius. Tortrix semi-maculana, Hubner. Pmdisca parmatana, var. Fisch. Microlep. Species 2. — Pcecilochroma trapezana '" — (Plate XC, Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6) — This very variable species measures from 8 to 10^ lines in expanse ; fore wings brown, gray-brown, reddish, or greyish-red, with the inter- vening shades of colour, and more or less marked with brown or black shades, but sometimes almost destitute of these shades ; on the middle of the inner margin of the wing is a large triangular pale blotch, (but very variable in its colour,) enclosed within a darker margin, and having its outer margin more or less distinctly dotted with the ground colour of the wing ; hind wings brown. Taken in woods about the beginning of August. The caterpillar is green, speckled with minute black dots. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis trapezana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Ste- phens ; Wood, fig. 1028, m and f. /"j/raZis ;oJ'o/««rfa?ia, Fabricius ; Haworth; (Variety). Pyralis Brunnichiana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; (Variety). Pyralis Sparmanniana, Fabricius ; Stewart ; Stephens ; (Catal. Variety) , Species 3. — Pcecilochroma commdnana'* — (Plate XC, Figs. 7, 8) — This very variable insect measures from 6 to 7^ lines in expanse ; and has the fore wings varied with black, brown, ashy white, green, and brun- neous, these colours being more or less distinct, and occasionally almost suffused into an uniform blackish hue, with a dark central longitudinal streak, dilated towards the inner margin, near the base, and followed by a large pale patch of white with brown dots, bearing considerable resemblance to the head of a cock, looking towards the apical margin of the wings when expanded ; the anal angle also marked with a pale patch, and the costa dotted with black and white ; hind wings brown. Common in June. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis communana, Fabricius: Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1029. Tortrix corticana, Hiibncr. Zeiraphora Lichenana, Treitschke. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 149 Species 4. — Pcecilochroma piceana ' — (Plate XC, Fig. 9) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings glossy, pitch-coloured, immaculate, or irrorated with brown, and occasionally with ferruginous, or with indistinct darker markings, and sometimes with a central testaceous streak ; hind wings very pale, brownish and glossy, but occasionally darker brown. Taken on heaths in Aucust and September, in Surrey and Hampshire. • Synonyme. — TortrU- piceaJia, Ha-vionh ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1030. Species 5. — Pcecilochroma semifcscana" — (Plate XC, Fig. 10) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings glossy, with the costa broadly dark brown, and the inner margin white, the former colour §. i, / Z't-v emitting a short rounded lobe before, and a longer oblique branch towards the anal angle, and two or three smaller irregular markings within the apical margin. Taken in the New Forest in August. " Synonyme. — Pcecilochroma semifuscana, Stephens ; 111. H. pi. 36, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 1031. Species 6. — P(ecilochroma maculana ^' — (Plate XC, Fig. 12) — Measures 10 or 11 lines in expanse; fore wings ashy-gray, with the basal portion dark and nebulose, and the apical part waved with slender black streaks, towards the inner margin before the middle is an obscure black dot, and a larger red-brown one towards the anal angle, but nearly obsolete ; hind wings brown and shining. Taken in August and September, at the skirts of woods. 'Synonyme. — Pyralis Jtiaculana, Fahrichis ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1032. Species 7. — PcEcrLocHRosi a maurana " — (Plate XC, Fig. 13) — Measures about an inch in expanse ; fore wings dirty straw-coloured, or pale brownish ash, the costa obsoletely dotted with brown, the base broadly brown, slightly waved outwards, and with another very broad brown fascia across the middle, extending to the anal angle, dilated behind^ and with the margins irregularly waved, on the apical margin several minute brown dots ; hind wings brown. Taken in Sussex and Hampshire, but very rare. " Synonyme. — T'or/rio* maurana, Hiibner ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1033. Species 8. — P{ECIlcchroma sordidana ^ — Pleasures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings liver-brown, with obscure spots, a paler yellowish spot on the inner margin, in which are some brown streaks, and a subapical dark brown spot. • Synonyms. — Tinea sordidana Hiibncr ; Curtis' Guide ; Stephens ; 111. H. App. 4, p. 397. PTYCHOLOMA, Stephens. The palpi are very short, scarcely visible from above, and clothed with short scales, not concealing the terminal joint ; the antennae rather short, the head slightly tufted in front ; the fore wings in the male are remarkable for having the fore margin thickened ; the disc in both sexes dark tawny, with more or less distinct golden or silvery stripes or markings. Species 1. — Ptycholoma lecheana ^ — (Plate XC, Fig. 14) — Measures from 7 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark brown, more or less varied with fulvous scales, especially towards the base, and marked with two tarnished silvery marks, like the Greek letters IF ; these marks are, however, more or less obsolete, especially in the females. Some individuals of small size have the fore wings dark olive, with the silvery marks very conspicuous. Taken in woods at the end of June. ' Synonyme. — Phalana Tortrix Lecheana, Linnxus ; Hiibner; Haworth; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1034. J.A.^c^ 150 BRITISH MOTHS Species 2. — Ptycholoma obsoletana '■ — (Plate XC, Fig. 15) — Measures 8 lines in expanse : -wings dull black, the fore ones with numerous irregularly dispersed silvery dots, some of which are disposed in streaks ; fringe of fore wings silvery, of hind ones deep black. Taken at Birchwood in June, but very rare. » Stnontue. — /"^ycfio^oma oisofetono, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1035. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCI. Insects. - -Fig. 1. Eucbromiapurpurana (the purple). Fig. 2. Euchromia fulvipunctana (the tawny.dotted). Fig. 3. Euchromia ericetana (dark var.). 4. Light variety. Fig. 5. Lophoderus ministranus (the yellow-barred iron). Fig. 6. Lophoderus subfascianus (the pale-barred iron). Fig. 7. Sarrothripus degeneranus. 8. Caterpillar. 9. Cocoon. 10. Chrysalis, (the large marbled). Fig. II. Sarrothripus undulanus (the Tvaved-marblcd). Fig. 12. Sarrothripus dilutanus (the large brown). Insects. — Fig. 13. Sarrothripus Lathamianus (the Latfaamian). „ Fig. W. Sarrothripus Ilicanus (the large Holly). „ Fig. 15. Sarrothripus Afeelianus (the Afzelian). „ Fig. 16. Sarrothripus ramosanus (the twigged bar). „ Fig. 17. Sarrothripus Stonanus (Mr. Stone's bar). The insects figured in this plate are, with the exception of Fulvi- punctana from '* Wood," all from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley; the Caterpillar, Chrysalis and Cocoon are from Hiibner. H. N. H. EUCHROMIA, Stephens. ORTHOT^NIA, pars Curtis. The palpi are robust, subclavate, and porrected, with long scales, nearly concealing the terminal joint ; the antennae are short and rather stout ; the head slightly tufted in front ; the fore wings with the costal margin nearly straight, and the apical one slightly rounded ; they are destitute of fascise and markings, except a few slight ones on the costa. Species 1. — Euchkomia pubpurana" — (Plate XCI., Fig. 1) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse; fore wings, including the fringe, purple, which is brighter beyond the middle of the wings, but soon fades ; the costa pale, with purple dots ; hind wings brown, with purplish fringe. Taken in Norfolk and the New Forest, in June. * SvNONYME. — ToTlrix purpurana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1036, (from a faded specimen). Species 2. — Euchromia pulvipdnctana *> — (Plate XCI., Fig. 2) — Measures about 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings obscure reddish-brown, towards the extremity marked with very indistinct dark or tawny-red dots, which are more or less obliterated, some of which are, however, rather more conspicuous, and form an oblique streak beyond the middle of the wing ; hind wings brown, with whitish fringe. Taken in Norfolk and near London, but rare. ^ Synonyme. — Toririx fulvipunciana, Sav/oTlh ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1037. Species 3. — Edchromia ericetana '^ — (Plate XCI., Figs. 3, 4) — This new species measures about 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy, with a purple or rosy tinge, and thickly irrorated with minute red markings, which become irregularly confluent across the middle of the wings, forming also a patch near the anal angle, and another running transversely from the middle of the apical margin towards the costa ; apical margin with a red marginal streak ; fringe pale, with a slight rosy tinge ; bind wings dull pale brown. In the collection of Mr. Bentley, from the North of England. ' Synonyme. — Euchromia ericetana, Bentley's MSS. i^ J:l.«»l ^ ■■s-/>' % AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. I5I LOPHODERUS, Stephens. The palpi are slender and porrected, with the terminal joint distinct ; the antenna) short, with the joints slightly serrated and setose beneath in the males, the head tufted, the thorax also crested behind ; the fore wings are rounded along the costa, the disc destitute of fascia, but with a smooth raised pale patch at the extremity of the discoidal cell. Species 1. — Lophoderus ministranus "^ — (Plate XCI., Fig. 5) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings rusty red-brown, wth the costa at the base, and a broad ill-defined bar towards the extremity of yellowish buff ; on the disc is a raised whitish dot, and opposite to it, on the apical margin, the tawny-red forms a slight angle ; occasionally the wings are destitute of the yellowish colour ; hind wings brown, with pale fringe. Taken near Dover, Portsmouth, and elsewhere, sometimes abundantly. ^ Synonymes. — Phalana Tortrix minislrana, Linnwiis ; Donovan, 12, pi. 380, fig. 2; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1038. Tortrix ferrugana, Hiibner. Species 2. — Lophoderds subfascianus *■ — (Plate XCI., Fig. 6) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings brownish, rusty, with a paler bar across them towards the base, with the edges angulated, and another very S./, 1)c^ indistinct and abbreviated one beyond the middle; hind wings pale-brown, with dark veins; fringe dusky ash. Taken in the New Forest, in June. = SvNONvME. — Lophoderus sulifasciaims, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1039. SARROTHRIPUS, Curtis. T. PALPAN^, Haworth. AXIA, Hijbner. These insects are conspicuous for their large size ; their fore wings rounded at the base of the costa, the disc having a few raised scales ; the palpi are long, slender and porrected in front of the head, like a beak, and the fore legs are furnished with a long brush of hair on the femora and tibiae. Mr. Haworth long ago remarked that it is possible that nearly all the articles of this Section may form but one species, of which, however, there was no satisfactory proof; and Treitschke has united them all into one species, Penthena revoyana. The species are generally found in the autumn. The caterpillars are setose, and they form a, boat-shaped cocoon. Species 1. — Sarrothripds DEGENERANUsf — (Plate XCI., Figs. 7,8, 9, 10) — Measures 1 inch in expanse; ' -'<=«•'=**■"-' fore wings shining, hoary, and clouded with brown, with numerous obsolete, undulated strigae, and elevated '^^mm ttiu.h . 152 BRITISH MOTHS Species 3. — Sarrothripus dilutanus '' — (Plate XCI., Fig. 12) — Measures 11 or 12 lines in expanse; fore -wings pale ashy-gray, with a small costal spot at the base ; another, thrice as large, and longer, in the middle of the costal margin, of red, at the bottom of which is a spot in the place of the anterior ■ stigma of the Noctuidae ; between this dot and the apical margin, is an obsolete dentated striga of black dots, and on the margin itself a row of minute black dots ; hind wings pale brown. Taken in the woods of Kent and Surrey, and also in Norfolk, in August. ' Synonyme. — Toririx dilutana, HUbner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1043. Species 4. — Sarrothripus Lathamianus ' — -(Plate XCI., Fig. 13) — Measures 10| lines in expanse ; fore wings pale testaceous, with the base and apex marked with several elevated black spots, and a squamose, elevated, ferruginous spot in the middle ; head and palpi above snow-white. Taken in the Kentish "Woods, in August. ' Synonymes. — Phaltena Tortrix Laihamiana, Gmelin ; Stewart : Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1042. Phalana Tortrix Ilicana, Donovan, 10, pi. 357, fig. 2, (but not of Fabricius). Species 5. — Sarrothkiptts IlicanusJ — (Plate XCI., Fig. 14) — Measures from 9 to 11 lines in expanse; fore wings brown, or ashy-brown and glossy, and slightly waved, especially towards the base ; before the middle are two approximating brown spots, followed by a single central black dot ; towards the anal angle are also two or three approximating brown dots, and the apical margin itself has a row of minute brown spots ; the hind wings are ashy. Taken in the woods of the south of England, about the beginning of August. J Synonymes. — Pyralis IHcanus^ Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stewart; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1044. Tortrix punctulanus, Hiibner. Species 6. — Sarrothripus Afzelianus'' — (Plate XCI., Fig. 15) — Measures from 9 to 11 lines; fore wings testaceous, brown and glossy, with a black fascia at the base, a trigonate black patch in the middle of the costa, and also with a few elevated black dots on the disc. Found in woods ; occurring sometimes in March, and also probably through the autumn and winter. ' Synonyme. — Phal. Tortrix Afzeliana, Gmelin ; Stewart ; Haworth : Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1045. Species 7- — Sarrothripus ramosanus' — (Plate XCI., Fig. 16) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings brunneous, inclining to cliesnut, with a dark longitudinal black line down the centre, branched at the base and on its inferior margin, above which, towards the centre, is a black spot ; near the apical margin is a row of ocellated dots, the anterior ones being more or less obsolete, and another row of dots along the margin itself. Taken in the Kentish woods in July ; but very rare. ' Synonyme, — Toririx ramosana, Hiibner; Curtis' Brit. Ent. pi. 29 ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1046. Species 8. — Sarrothripus stonanus " — (Plate XCI., Fig. I7) — Closely allied to the preceding, but rather larger, with the branches of the longitudinal black stripe longer, and the disc with a waved brown streak. Also taken at Birchwood. ■» Synonymes. — Sarrothripus stonanus, Curtis' MSS. Sarrothripus ramosanus, var., Stephens' 111. Brit. Ent. Fi.f»:'. % AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS, 1513 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCII. Insects. — Fig. 1. Peronea profunaDa (the rusty button). ,, Fig. 2. Peronea semiuPtana (the half scorched), „ Fig. 3. Pcrouea striana (the brown button). „ Fig. 4. Peronea substriana (the striped button). „ Fig. 5. Peronea Bentleyana (Bentley*s button). „ Fig. 6. Peronea vittana (the streaked button). ^, Fig. 7. Peronea spadiceana (the bay-shouldered button). „ Fig. 8. Peronea brunneana (the brown button). ,, Fig. 9. Peronea Desfontaiuana (the Desfontainian). Insects. — Fig. 10. Peronea consirailana (the pale bay button). „ Fig. 11. Peronea fuWocristana (the tawny-crested button). „ Fig. 12. Peronea albovittana (the white streaked button). „ Fig. 13. Peronea fulvoviltana (the tawny-streaked button). „ Fig. 1-1. Peronea cristalana (the barred button). The whole of the insects figured in this plate arc from specimens in the cabinet of Mr. Bentlcy. The [dant is Anagallis arvensis, com- mon Pimpernel. H. N. H. PERONEA, Curtis. ASPERAN^, Haworth. The palpi are elongated, deflexed, and thickly squamose, compressed, and with the middle dilated above, the antennae are rather thickest in the middle, and subserrated beneath ; the fore wings rounded at the base of the costa, with the tip slightly hooked, and the disc with elevated tufts of scales, one of which is often more conspicuous than the rest, and forms a large central button ; the fore tibicE and femora are not furnished with a brush beneath, and the thorax is slightly crested behind. The species are rare, and either very numerous, or excessively variable. Bj' those, however, who, from the extent of their collections, seem the best able to judge of the question, the number of species is admitted, and indeed still acquires augmentation. They are chiefly found in the autumn, frequenting trees covered with lichens and mosses. Species 1. — Peronea profanana ° — (Plate XCII., Fig. 1) — Measures about | of an inch in expanse; fore wings ferruginous gray, the costal margin with the base, middle, and apex, ustulated brown ; a little before the middle is an elevated discoidal patch of ustulated brown scales, in addition to which are several minute contiguous rugose dots, and another, rather more distinct, at the apex : hind wings and thorax brown. Taken in the woods of Kent and Surrey, and in the New Forest, in September. ° Synonyme. — Pyralis prnfannjta, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Donovan, 12, pi. 377, fig. 3 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1047. Species 2. — Peronea semiustana— (Plate XCII., Fig. 2) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; fore wings with the entire base, and also the costa (nearly to the extremity), of a leaden black colour ; the posterior and apical half of the wing being of a reddish brown, varied with small darker patches, and with a large black tuft of scales in the middle of the disc, and several smaller elevated black scales towards the base and anal angle, the latter forming a curved line of spots parallel with the apical-margin ; tip of the wing also with a leaden-coloured pointed patch ; towards the base of the costa, in some specimens, is an indistinct oblique gray fascia : hind wings pale brown; head, palpi, and thorax dirty white. Taken in the New Forest, and elsewhere, by Mr. Bentley. Species 3. — Peronea striana ° — (Plate XCII., Fig. 3) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings dark brown, with two minute snow-white dots on the costa near the tips ; and another large central discoidal brown tuft with several other minute subapical elevated brown dots ; within the inner margin runs a broad ashy striga ; the head and palpi snowy white. Taken in woods in July, but rather uncommon. ° Synonyme. — Tortrix striana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1045. Species 4. — Peronea substrianaP — (Plate XCII., Fig. 4) — Sleasures rather more than | of an inch in expanse ; fore wings dark grayish brown, not clouded, with a large black tuft in the middle, whence extends a rusty dash towards the costa obliquely ; and an obsolete ashy streak within the inner margin ; thorax brown : head and palpi ashy. Taken at Birch Wood, and in the New Forest, in August, P Synonvmf,. — Peronea subslriana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1049, VOL, II. X 154 BRITISH MOTHS Species 5. — Peronea Bentleyana — (Plate XCII., Fig. 5) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; fore wings with the base and costa (extending nearly to the tip) of a leaden brown, the apical portion pale brown, mottled with small darker patches ; inner margin with a rather narrow luteous patch ; disc of the wing with a large blackish tuft of elevated scales, and also with smaller patches towards the base and anal angle ; the costal portioa of the wiug slightly marked before the middle with very indistinct gray oblique fascia, and the apical margin with a slender dusky streak, the apical angle of the wing also dark ; hind wings pale whitish brown ; head, thorax, and palpi, very pale buff. Taken by Mr. Bentley, in the New Forest. Species 6. — Pekonea Vittana "i — (Plate XCII., Fig. 6) — Measures about f of an inch in expanse; fore wings brunneous, darker beyond the middle, with a raised tuft of black scales in the centre, whence extends a reddish dash obliquely towards tlie apex ; within the inner margin is a broad ochre-red streak, and near the anal angle are several dark dots ; head and palpi ochre-red. Taken near London, and in the New Forest. 1 Synonyme. — Peronea KjHajja, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1051. Species 7- — Peronea spadiceana "■ — (Plate XCII., Fig. 7) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings with the base bright bay colour, and the apex dark brown, the two colours separated obliquely nearly from the base of the inner margin to the extremity of the costa, passing near the middle through a black-brown patch of scales, and with a few dark scales near the anal angle : head and palpi ashy. Taken in the same locality as the last species, in the autumn. ■■ Synonyme. — Tortrix spadiceana, Haworth : Stephens; Wood, Sg. 1052. Species 8. — Peronea brunneana* — (Plate XCII., Fig. 8) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale reddish-brown at the base, the apical half darker brown, the colours separated obliquely from the large black central tuft of elevated scales ; near the anal margin are also a few dark dots and a faint ashy streak within the inner margin ; head and palpi ashy. Taken in the same localities as the preceding, in the autumn. ' Synonyme — Peronea hrunneana^ Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1050. Species 9. — Peronea Desfontainana ' — (Plate XCII., Fig. 9) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings brownish, darkest along the scabrous costa, the base very much rounded, and the middle slightly emarginate ; a broad fulvous golden vitta extends from the base to the middle of tlie wing, and is terminated by a large elevated fulvous fascicle of scales ; another very slender streak extends to the anal angle : hind wings whitish : head and palpi pale. Taken with the preceding. * Synonvmes. — Pyralis Desfontainana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1054. Tortrix sericeana, Hiiboer. Species 10. — Peronea consimilana " — (Plate XCII., Fig. 10) — Measures rather more than | of an inch in expanse ; fore wings brunneous brown, from the base to the middle runs a tawny-orange dash terminated by a fascicle of scales of rather darker colour, and two or three nearly obsolete dots near the anal angle; the inner margin with an obscure ashy streak : the thorax, head, and palpi white. Taken with the preceding, but not common. '^• ° Synonyme. — Peronea consimilana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1053. Species 11. — Peronea fdlvocristana'' — (Plate XCII., Fig. 11) — Measures about | of an inch in expanse; fore winLTS with the costa and apical margin dark brown ; the basal portion with a broad orange brown dash. F}9i M' f % J AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 156 and the inner margin with a broad ochraceous vitta, and a central fulvous fascicle of elevated scales ; the thorax, head, and palpi ochreous. Found in the New Forest, in the autumn. ' Synonyme. — Peronea fuIvocrista7ia^ Sieithem ; Wood; fig. 1055. Species 12. — Peronea albovittana "' — (Plate XCII., Fig. 12) — Measures 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings with the front half dark orange, (darkest on the costa,) and the hind half dark brown ; the two colours separated oblifiuely from near the base of the inner margin, nearly to the apex, having a golden tuft of scales in the middle and a brownish white stripe along the inner margin : thorax, head, and palpi white. Taken in the New Forest in August, but very rare. " Synonyme. — Peronea albovittana, Stephens, 111. H. pi. 36, fig. 2 ; Wood, fig. 1056. Species 13. — Peronea fulvovittana " — (Plate XCII., Fig. 13) — Measures 8^ or 9 lines in expanse fore wings brown, and varied with darker clouds ; towards the base is a dusky patch followed by a whitish incurved but abbreviated fascia broadest on the costa, from the outer edge of which runs a curved whitish streak nearly to the extremity of the costa, inclosing a dusky costal patch ; the discoidal tuft of scales is whitish fulvous ; on the inner margin is a broad bright fulvous streak : the front of the body is ashy coloured. Taken in Kent and Hampshire, in the autumn. ' Synontmes. — Peronea fulvovittana, Stephtm. Peronea cristalana, Wood, fig. 1058. Species 14. — Peronea cristalana 5" — (Plate XCII., Fig. 14) — Nearly allied to the last species ; measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings brown, clouded with black ; near the base is an irregular whitish fascia, which is incurved towards the base of the inner margin, and also sends off an oblique branch to the apex of the costa, inclosing a dusky dorsal patch ; the discoidal tuft of scales is pale-brown, as well as the inner margin of the wing ; near the anal angle is a dark brown cloud. Taken in the woods of Kent, Surrey, and Hampshire, in the autumn. ■* Synonymes. — PhaJceiia Tortrix cristalana, Donovan, 3, pi. 77, figs. 1, 2; Stephens.. Peronea fulviiviltana. Wood, fig. 1057. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCIII. Insects. — Fig. 1. Peronea subcristalana (the dull button). „ Fig. 2. Peronea cristana (the white button). „ Fig. 3. Peronea Albipunctana (tlie white spotted button). „ Fig. 4. Peronea Chantana (Chant's button). Fig. 5. Peronea Subvittana (the obscure streaked button). „ Fig. 6. Peronea insiilana (the insulated button). „ Fig. 7. Peronea divisana (the half-coloured button). „ Fig. 8. Peronea strigana (the streaked buff-edged). „ Fig. 9. Peronea radiana (the buff-edged). Insects. — Pig. 10. Peronea centrovittana (the centre-streaked button). „ Fig. II. Peronea ramostriana (the branched button). „ Fig. 12, Peronea combustana (the flame button;. „ Fig. 13. Peronea Albistiiana (the gray streak). Plants. — Fig. l-I. Lysimachia nemorum (wood loosestrife). The whole of the insects in the plate are figured from specimens in the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. H. N. H. Species 15.— Peronea subcristalana— (Plate XCIII., Fig. 1)— Measures 10 lines in expanse; fore wings pale brovm; costa towards the base marked with a rather broad abbreviated chesnut brown fascia suddenly bent back towards the base of the wing, and with a small patch of dark elevated scales towards the inner margin near the base ; middle of the disc with a patch of elevated blackish scales, in front of which is a long semi-oval paler patch, inclosing a slightly darker smaller patch on the costa itself ; tip of the win" with a leaden brown pateh, from which runs a sub-apical row of elevated dark scales, nearly to the anal angle : hind wings pale brown ; head, palpi, and thorax, du'ty white. Taken in the New Forest, by Mr. Bentley. x2 S. U. Qr^ j5g BRITISH MOTHS Species 16.— Peronea ckistana ^— (Plate XCIII., Fig. 2)— Measures 8i to 10 lines in expanse ; head, thorax and palpi snow-white ; fore wings dark-brown, with an elevated tuft of white scales, and a broad white bar along the inner margin ; adjoining the apical margin of the fore wings, especially towards the anal angle, are also a few minute elevated transverse white scales ; hind wings brownish. Taken in the woods in the south of England, in the autumn. 2 SvNONYME. — Pt/ralis cristana, FtibTicms ; Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1060. Species 17. — Peronea albipunctana " — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 3) — Measures 9 lines in expanse ; head, thorax, and palpi snow-white; hind wings dark brown, with a central tuft of snow-white elevated scales and a few white scales near the anal angle ; inner margin of the fore wings with a broad ochre-white dash ; hind vyings brownish. Taken in the New Forest. ■ Synonyme. — Peronea albipunctana, Haworth, MSS. ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1061. Species 18. — Peronea chantana — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 4) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings with the base and costa, extending nearly to the tip of the wing, of a red-brown colour, the inner margin with a broad attenuated streak of snow-white along the inner margin, and the disc with a patch of white scales, the remaining apical portion of the wing of a liver-brown, with a straight subapical row of elevated scales ; hind wings brownish ; head and thorax snow-white. Taken in the New Forest by Mr. Bentley. Species 19. — Peronea suBviTTANAb (Plate XCIII., Fig. 5) — Measures I0|^ lines in expanse; head, thorax, and palpi obscure white ; fore wings dark-brown, with a central tuft of snow-white scales, and a short streak of the same colour at the base of the inner margin of the fore wings ; hind wings pale brown. Taken in the New Forest in August. b Synonyme. — Peronea subvittana, Stephens, lUustr. Species 20. — Peronea insulana — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 6) — Measures 9i lines in expanse ; fore wings liver-brown, with a large tuft of snow-white scales in the middle of the disc, and a few slight elevated dark scales towards the anal angle, the inner margin with a dirty white dash, in which is an indistinct short dusky vitta; hind win OS pale liver-brown ; head, palpi, and thorax snow-white. Taken in the New Forest, by Mr. Bentley, in the autumn. Species 21. — Peronea divisana ^ — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 7) — Measures. 10 or II lines in expanse ; head, thorax, and palpi brownish ; fore wings reddish-brown, with a broad straight blackish bar extending from the base of the inner margin to the apical angle of the wing, and shaded off on the hind margin to the groundcolour of the wing, and bounded on its fore margin by a white streak, which is gradually shaded off to the costa, which is red-brown ; hind wings pale brown. Taken in the New Forest and in Kent in the autumn, but rare. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix divisana, HUbuer ; Stephens, Illustr, pi., 34, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 1064. Species 22. — Peronea radiana'' — (Plate XCIII., Figs. 8, 9) — Measures about 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale brownish buff, the costa broadly lighter coloured, a slender brown streak extending from the base to the apex of the fore wings, emitting various radiating streaks, extending to the apical margin, and running from the base of the wings, where they become confluent ; hind wings pale brown. P. strigana of the " Catalogue" » F1.94 f ^Wffl^fi^ A ►Jr"- ^!Zif>^^^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 157 has been subsequently considered by its author as a variety of the preceding, having the broad pale costa faintly streaked with brown. Taken in the New Forest and Coomb Wood in September. ^ Synonyme. — Tortrix radiatia, Huhnei ; Hawortb ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1065. Peronea sirigana, Stephens' Catal. ; P. radiana, var. Stephens' lUustr. Species 23. — Peronea centrovittana "^ — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 10) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wines testaceous or leaden brown, with a fulvous or testaceous gray streak, extending from the base to the apical margin of the fore wings, from which diverge various brown streaks, running obliquely to the costa on one side, where they are dilated, and on the other to the hinder and apical margin of the wing ; the ground colour of the wincrs is sometimes clouded or varied with grayish oblique clouds ; hind wings pale brown ; head and thorax brown. Taken in July and August in various places in the south of England. ^ Synonyme. — Peronea ceyitrovittana, Haworth, MSS. ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1067. Species 24. — Peronea kamostriana ^ — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 11) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings brown, shining with a central pale streak (more or less obscure), whence numerous dark streaks radiate ; hind wings whitish-brown ; thorax and head whitish. Taken in the New Forest in the autumn. ^ Synonyme. — Peronea ramostriana, Stephens' 111. ; Wood, fig. 1066. Species 25. — Peronea cojibustana " — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 12) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings ustulated brown, occasionally varied with an oblique pale central cloud, with a pale but obscure streak, from the base to the apical angle, the inner margin more or less broadly ochreous white, (as is also the hind part of the thorax,) the apical portion of the wing also marked with very obscure darker streaks ; hind wings whitish-brown. Taken in the New Forest and elsewhere in August. B Synonyme. — Toririx comhvstana, M\iAiTie\-\ Stephens; Wood, fig. 1068. Species 26. — Peronea albistriana '' — (Plate XCIII., Fig. 13) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings brown, with a slight tinge of purple, the costal portion roughly ciliated with small dark dots, the inner margin with an ashy streak, variable in its breadth ; hind wings pale brownish. Taken in the New Forest and elsewhere in the autumn. ^ Synonyme Tortrix albistriana^ Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1069. .1 £2, Synonyme. — Peronea ruficnstana, Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 16; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1062. Species 29. — Peronea alboflammana — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 3) — Measures 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark liver-brown, -with a small tuft of dark scales in the middle of the disc, and a few smaller ones scattered towards the anal angle ; inner margin of the wing vi^th a broad attenuated bar of snow-white ; head, thorax, and palpi also snow-white. Taken in the New Forest in the autumn. Species 30. — Peronea coronana '' — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 4) — Measures 10 lines in expanse; fore wings brunneous, with an irregularly twisted snow-white bar (sometimes very obscure) at the base, and another next the anal angle, connected with the former by an oblique pale streak of the same colour, the costa of the fore wings scabrous and much rounded, and the inner margin sometimes with a whitish streak ; hind wings whitish. Taken at Coomb Wood and in the New Forest in the autumn. " Sykonymes. — Tortrix coronana, Thunberg ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1072. Tortrix eximiana, Haworth ; Curtis. Species 31. — Peronea Btringerana ' — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 5) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings brunneous, varpng in the depth of tint, with a few dark elevated scales on the disc, and a broad oblique pale ashy bar at the base, dilated behind, and united by a broad patch to a curved ashy-white mark near the apical margin, this marking varying in intensity, the costal portion also vrith several oblique dark lineolee, dilated at the costal margin ; hind wings ashy-brown. Taken in Kent and the New Forest in the autumn. * Synonyme. — Tortrix Byringerana, Hubner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1073. Species 32. — Peronea umbrana ™ — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 6) — Measures from 8 to 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings grayish-red, more or less clouded or varied vrith brown shades and shiny, with a dusky irregular streak from the base to the apical angle, the pale brown markings occasionally forming obscure oblique fascije on the costal portion of the wing, the middle of the wing vrith a slightly elevated black patch of scales. Taken in the New Forest and Surrey in the autumn. ■^ Synonysie. — Tortrix umbrana, HQbner; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1063. Species 33. — Peronea leucoph.«:ana — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 7) — Measures 11 lines in expanse ; fore wings of a leaden-coloured brown, with a black streak, dilated at the base, extending from the base to the middle of the disc of the wing, where is also another short black dash, the adjoining space being of a reddish tinge ; hind wings pale silvery-brown ; head and thorax liver-brown. Taken in Nottinghamshire by Mr. Desvignes, but very rare. Species 34. — Peronea subcristana ° — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 8) — Measures about 10 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark glossy brown, varied with deeper clouds, especially on the costa, which is marked with a dusky blotch, and several dark dots beyond the middle, emitting slender oblique dark lines ; middle of the wing witli a AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 159 minute tuft of elevated dark scales, and a few others dispersed on the inner part of the wing, and towards the anal angle; head, thorax, and palpi whitish ; hind wings pale brown. Taken in the New Forest and elsewhere in the autumn. " Synonvme. — Peronea suhcristana., Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1071. Species 35. — Peronea marmorana — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 9) — Measures lOi lines in expanse ; the fore wings of this extremely distinct species are of a silvery gray, slightly but entirely marbled or freckled with brown scales, base of the wing darker brown, a narrow dark oblique fascia runs from the costa before the middle half- way across the disc, where it becomes blended with the general colour of the wing, and another, much shorter and parallel, runs from the costa beyond the middle of the wing, emitting several small dusky rays towards the tip of the winw ; hind wings pale silvery-brown ; head, thorax, and body dark brown. Taken by Mr. Bentley in Epping Forest in October 1824. Species 36. — Peronea latifasciana ° — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 10) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy or hoary, with a truncated triangular dark brown patcli at the base, and a very broad oblique dark J .-'O . 'H^ brown fascia a little beyond the middle directed anteriorly, and which extends nearly to the apical margin, which is hoary : hind wings pale brown. Taken near London, and in Yorkshire, in the autumn. ** Synonyme. — Tortrijp latifascia'na^ Haworth ; Stephens; Word, fig. 1081. Species 37. — Peronea favillaceana p — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 11) — Measiu'es 10 or 11 lines in expanse; fore wings pale, ashy, or hoary, shining, with a few elevated darker scales on the disc near the base and apical margin ; a slender oblique dusky fascia near the base ; the middle of the wing with a large irregular abbreviated, somewhat triangular, darker patch, variable in its tint from dusky to purplish-brown, and ferruginous on the costa ; and a few irregular dusky small spots near the apical margin. Taken near London, in tlie New Forest, and elsewhere, in the autumn. pSvnonyme. — Tortrix favillaceatia, BiihaeT ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1075. -'^. 3^ 7-^) Species 38. — Peronea REiicnLANA'i — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 12) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings pale-ash, or ash colour, and shilling, obsoletely reticulated with brown ; the costa marked with irregular obsolete brownish spots ; the disc obliquely marked with dusky fasciae : hind wings whitish brown. Taken in company with P. favillaceana. 1 Synonyme.— yortrijr reticulana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1077. Species 39. — Peronea tristana >■ — (Plate XCIV., Fig. 13) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale-ashy, or hoary, slightly rough, with very obsolete elevated dots, with a slight oblique basal fascia, ^' ^' and a triangular pale-brown irregular patch arising on the middle of the costa : hind wings brownish-white. Supposed to be a variety of P. favillaceana (in company with which it is taken) by Mr. Haworth, but smaller, and with the costal spot pale-brown ; not ferruginous. ' Synontme. — Tartrix tristana, Hubner; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1076. S.Ao. V^ 160 BRITISH MOTHS DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCV. Inskcts. — Fig. 1. Pcrouea albicostana (the white-edged button). 1 Insects. — Fig. 12. Peronea vaiiegana. 13. A dark variety. (The ,. Fig. 2. Peronea bistriana (the double-bay-streak). I common rough-wing). Fig. 3. Peronea similana (the pale-edged button). Fig. 4. Peronea plumbana (the lead-coloured). Fig. 5. Peronea trigonana (the three. dotted), Boscana of Ha worth . Fig. 6. Peronea Logiana (the Logian). Fig. 7. Peronea Schalleriana (the Schallerian). Fig. 8. Peronea rufana (the red triangle). Fig. 9. Peronea asperana (the white-shouldered). Fig. 10. A new variety of asperana. Fig. 11, Peronea borana (the crested buff). J, Fig. 14. Peronea obsoletana (the obscure button). „ Fig. 15. Peronea Leachiana (the Leachian). J, Fig. 16. Peronea Capucina. ,5 Fig. 17. Peronea albana. Plant, — Fig. 18. Galeobdolon luteum (yellow archangel). All the insects figured in this plate are in the collection of Mr. Bentlcy, except P. Leachiana, and P. albana in the British Museum, and Capucina, from the cabinet of the Rev. W. Johnson. H. N. H. SPECIES 40. — Peronea albicostana^ — (Plate XCV., Fig. 1 ) — Measures 10 or 11 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale reddish, sligbtly sprinkled with dusky atoms, and with the extreme costal margin white : hind wings ashy brown. Taken at Dover, and in the New Forest, in August. ^ Synonyme. — Peronea albicostana^ Stephens ; "Wood, fig. 1079. Species 41. — Peronea bistriana * — (Plate XCY., Fig. 2) — Measures about 10 lines in expanse; fore wings pale, very slightly marked with dusky atoms ; the costa paler, with two clear bay-coloured streaks, one, which is the broadest, running from the base of the wing nearly to the apical angle, and the other, which is subulated, along the inner margin, which extends along the apical margin, and another near the apex : hind wings pale and immaculate. Taken in July and August at Birch Wood, in Kent, but very rare. ' Synony'me. — Tortrix bistriana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1078. Species 42. — Peronea similana" — (Plate XCV., Fig. 3) — Measures nearly 10 lines in expanse; fore wings " pale reddish, with minute elevated dusky scales ; on the middle of the costa is a triangular fuscous spot, J^ ^o, irc^ with a darker cloud attached to the angle on the disc ; at the base of the inner margin is a second smaller spot of similar colour ; posterior wings pale whitish brown." Taken near Birch Wood, Kent, in the autumn. " Synonyme. — Peronea similana, Stephens; Wood, fig. 1080. Species 43. — Peronea plumbana "■' — (Plate XCV., Fig. 4) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings reddish leaden-coloured ; the costa darkest at the base, with small elevated dusky dots, few in number, J". ^A. "pA^ scattered over the disc, and in certain positions, with three more conspicuous, and as though impressed, nearly united together, and arranged in a triangle near the middle of the costa, and one within paler : hind wings whitish, or pale brown. Taken in the New Forest, and in Kent, in September. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis plumbana, Yshnans. ror/nV p/umJosonn, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1082. Species 44, — Peronea trigonana " — (Plate XCV., Fig. 5^ — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wines hoary ash, slightly marked with dusky elevated scales, and a triangular chesnut brown patch in the middle of the costa ; base imJ inner margin of the wing also rather darker : hind wings brownish ; fringe brovra. Taken in the Kentish woods, in September, but rare. " Synonymes. — Peronea trigonana, Stephens; Wood, fig, 1084, Pyralis Boscana, Fabricius? Haworth. Species 45. — Peronea logiana'' — (Plate XCV,, Fig. 6) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy 5. 4 (,. Vi~J white, sprinkled with very minute black atoms ; a small dark patch near the base of tlie costa, and an elongated I'l :)5. I AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 161 triangular dark ashy patch varied with lighter spots along the costa, reaching nearly to the tip : hind wings whitish ash. Taken at Greenhithe, Kent, in September, but very rare. ** Synonyme.- — Tortrio' Loffiima, VC'ieu. Verz. ; niibner; Stcpliens; Wood, fig. 1091. Species 46. — Peronea Schalleriana •■ — (Plate XCV., Fig. 7) — Varies from 7 to 9 lines in expanse; fore winfs hoary or pale brownish; the disc, especially towards the base, bearing a few elevated black scales, and the middle of the costa marked with a large obtuse triangular rusty red patch, varying in the extent of its colour ; hind wines hoary brown. Taken in woods and gardens about the beginning of September, and rather abundant. * SvNONYME Phaltena Tortrix Sckniieriana, hlunaius \ Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1085. Species 47. — Peronea rdpana ^ — (Plate XCV., Fig. 8) — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings rusty red, or reddish, delicately irrorated with dusky scales, and some elevated black dots towards the base near the inner margin, the middle of the costa with a large triangular blackish patch. Taken in woods and gardens in September. ' Synonyme. — Pr/ralis rufana, Fabricius ; Hubner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1086. Species 48. — Peronea asperana ^ — (Plate XCV., Figs. 9, 10) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse; fore wings with the basal part snowy-white, varying to ochraceous, the apical half brown or blackish, extending obliquely from the middle of the costal margin nearly to the anal angle, the disc of the wing with elevated scales near the middle and apex, and a bundle of white scales placed before the middle of the wing, and connected with the inner margin ; or with the tuft of scales black, and the inner margin ashy ; hind wings brown. Taken rather commonly in woods and gardens iu July and August. The fine variety represented in fig. 10 has the apical half of the wing concolorous with the base, the dark part being reduced to a triangular patch on the costa. B Sy'nonyme. — Pyralis asperana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1088. Species 49. — Peronea borana'' — (Plate XCV., Fig. 11) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings ochraceous, with a dusky or black patch of elevated scales placed near the inner margin, and which extends nearly to the base, another spot three times as large, and irregularly bilobed on the disc, arising on the costa near the middle, and extending nearly to the apex, where it is deflexed along the apical margin, but less strongly coloured, vanishing before the anal angle ; hind wings pale brown. The fore wings vary in being darker coloured, with the apical portion redder. Taken in woods and forests in August. ^ Sysonyme. — Pyralis borana, Fabricius : Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1090. Species 50. — Peronea variegana ' — (Plate XCV., Figs. 12, 13) — Measures from 7 to 8^ lines in expanse ; fore wings glossy, with the basal portion white or gray, and the apical part reddish-brown, varied with dull red and brown, divided obliquely from the basal portion ; all the wing more or less varied with darker clouds, and also bearing black elevated scales, arranged into fascise in the dark part of the wing. The species is, however, extremely variable, the pale part of the wing being occasionally ochraceous-reddish, and even blackish, as in our fig. 12; near the base of the wing towards the inner margin is also a dark tuft of elevated scales, the shade extending to the margin itself; hind wings ashy-brown. Common in woods, hedges, and gardens, about the end of July. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis varifgana, Fabricius; Haworth ; Stepliens ; Wood, fig. 1089. Toririx cristajia, Hiibner. 262 BRITISH MOTHS Species 51. — Peronea obsoletanaJ — (Plate XCV., Fig. 14) — Measures 9 lines in expanse; fore wings shining brown, nearly immaculate, with a very obsolete paler fascia placed somewhat obliquely near the base, and a subovate brown patch in the middle of the costa ; hind wings ashy-brown. Taken in July, but very rare. ' Synonyme. — Peronea obsoletana, Stephens; Wood, fij. 1074. Species 52. — Peronea capdana "^ — (Plate XCV., Fig. 16) — Measures 8^ lines in expanse; fore wings with the basal half and inner margin of snow-white, the former with a short abbreviated angulated fascia, and a smaller discoidal patch of dark brown, and also a few dark scales, the middle of the disc with a white tuft of , /.>. 'lifi^' scales; the extreme half of the wing brown, with a dark abbreviated dash, with two whitish patches between the centre and apical angle, and a number of smaller paler shining patches, and a few small white elevated scales ; hind wings pale brown ; head, palpi, and thorax snow-white. In the specimen figured in the plate the white dash along the inner margin is obsolete. Found by the Rev. Mr. Johnson in the New Forest. '' Synonyme. — Peronea capnana, Johnson in Annals of Nat. Hist. Species 53. — Peronea Leacheana — (Plate XCV., Fig. 15) — Measures 1 inch in expanse ; fore wings of a pale ashy gray, slightly pulverose with darker scales ; the costa marked with slight equidistant patches of a darker tint, and a smaller brunneous patch in the middle of the disc, and with smaller brown dots towards the base and apex ; hind wings pale luteous brown, irrorated with small dusky patches towards the costal portion ; apical margin with darker dots. Described from an unique specimen in the cabinet of the British Museum, which is very similar to specimens of P. nebulana, sent by Dr. Becker from Germany, in size and colour, but that species has not the dark patches on the costa so distinct as in the British specimen above described, the locality of which is unknown. Species 54. — Peronea albana — (Plate XCV., Fig. 17) — -Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings silky- white, with a few white tufts of elevated scales on the disc, the costal margin slightly brunneous, as well as the S, so. ^c^ apical fringe ; hind wings pale brown. Closely allied to P. Treueriana, but that species has the costa destitute of the slender brunneous margin, and the disc has a few black scales scattered about near the tip. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCVI. Insects. — Fi;j. 1. Acleris costimaculana. ,, Fig. 2. Acleris aspersana. 3. A small variety. ,, Fig. 4. Acleiis gnomana. 5. A speckled variety (the dial). ,, Fig. 6. Acleris tripunctulana (the rusty treble spot). ,, Fig, 7. Acleris bifidana (the forked stripe). ,, Fig. 8. Acleris cerusana (the white treble spot). ,, Fig. 9. Acleris scabrana (the gray rough wing). ,, Fig. 10. Leptogramma literana (the black-sprigged green). Insects.- — Fig. 11. Leptogramma squamana (the green-tufted), ,, Fig. 12. Leptogramma irrorana (the sprinkled-green). „ Fig. 13. Leptogramma tricolorana (the tri-coloured green). ,. Fig. 14. Leptogramma fulvomixtana (the tawny and green). Plant Fig. 15. Lychnis diurna (the red-flowered Lychnis). The whole of the insects figured in this plate are from the collection of Mr. Bentley. H. N. H. ACLERIS, HiJBNER ; Stephens, (III.) PARAMESIA, Stephens, (Catal.) The fore wings in this group are considerably rounded at the base of the costa, but not so strongly as in Peronea, and the disc is but slightly squamose. They are generally of pale buff or reddish colours, with distinct markings on the costa ; the apical angle is slightly produced or hooked, and the palpi are short, dilated at the extremity, having the terminal joint not concealed by the scales of the preceding joint. The head is slightly tufted in front, and the tail of the males is also tufted. Tl 96. f 'Mf .^,£M. ^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 163 Species 1. — Acleris costimaculana ' — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 1) — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale buff, considerably irrorated ■with small blackish dots, and with a chesnut-brown semicircular patch on the middle of the costa ; hind wings and body pale buff. Described from the collection of Mr. Bentley. ' SvNONYME. — Acleris subtripnnctulana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1092 ? Species 2. — Acleris aspersana"— (Plate XCVI., Fig. 2-3) — Measures from 5 to 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings luteous buff, slightly irrorated with brunneous ; the base of the costa also brunneous, followed by several small dots of the same colour before the middle of the costa, where a curved broad streak of the same colour arises, and extends to the apex of the wing, having a small pale patch on the costa, the apical portion of the patch more distinctly marked with three or four darker oblique abbreviated dashes, along the apical margin of the wing is also a slender line of brunneous ; hind wings shining, very pale brown. The smaller individuals, probably females, are of a more uniform redder buff colour, but the surved dark costal mark is not entirely effaced. Taken at Greenhithe, at the middle of August by Mr. Chant. Mr. Stephens, in his Illustrations, regarded this as a variety of A. gnomana. " Synonvme. — Tortrix aspersana, Hiibner. Species 3. — Acleris gnomana ° — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 4, 5) — Measures from 6i to 8^ lines in expanse ; fore wings subretuse, of a ferruginous red, or pale fulvous colour, more or less reticulated with darker scales ; the middle of the costa marked with three rather darker patches, arranged in a triangle, which are, however, very obsolete, and appear in certain lights as if impressed ; the reticulations are occasionally nearly obsolete, and the costal marks sometimes scarcely visible, whilst at others they are united into a curved line. Found in woods very abundantly from July to October, and sometimes also in the spring. ° Stvonymes. — Phalcena Tortrix gnomana, Linnaeus; Hawortli ; Stephens; Curtis; Wood, fig. 1093. Tortrix Steineriana, Hiibner. Phalana Tortrix nolana, Donovan, XI., pi. 369, fig. 3. (var.) Species 4. — Acleris tripunctulana ° — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 6) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings subretuse, ferruginous, pale reddish or hoary, with three distinct brown patches arranged in a triangle in the middle of the costa ; these patches are also occasionally slightly connected together ; hind wings whitish or brownish. Taken in woods from July to September. ° Synonvmes — Tortrix tripunctulana, SsmoTth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1094. Tortrix tripunctana, Hiibner, Curtis. Species 5. — Acleris bifidana p — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 7) — Measures 8 lines in expanse; fore wings subretuse, ferruginous, with an oblique brown striga before the middle of the wing, followed by a central, complete, somewhat sinuated fascia, extending towards the anal angle, and bifid or bifurcate towards the costa ; hind wings whitish or pale brown. Taken in woods in September and October. p Synonymk. — Tortrix bijidana, Haworth, Stephens, Wood, fig. 1095. Species 6.— Acleris cerusana i— (Plate XCVI., Fig. 8)— Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings with the costa waved and roughly ciliated ; the disc cream-coloured, buff, slightly irrorated with ashy scales, some of which are more or less raised, and the middle of the costa with three large blackish or brownish patches placed in a triangle ; the head and thorax are also pale buff. Taken in the south of England, especially the New Forest, but rarely, at the end of July amongst elms. 1 Synonyme. — Tortrix cerusana, Riibnei ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1096. ¥2 154 BRITISH MOTHS Species 7- — Acleris scabrana '' — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 9) — Measures about 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings waved along the costa, the disc ashy with a greenish tinge and rough, the middle of the costa marked with three darker coloured rough patches, arranged in a triangle, visible in certain positions, the one on the disc being the most conspicuous ; these spots, however, vary considerably in distinctness ; the hind wings are pale brownish. Taken in woods in July and August. ' SvNONVsiEs. — Pyralis scabrana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1097. Tortrix irrorana, (var.), Hawortli. LEPTOGRAMMA, Curtis. OXIGRAPHA, HIbver. The palpi in this group are very thickly clothed with short scales, which do not however conceal the terminal joint ; maxillary palpi were also detected by Mr. Curtis in T. literana, but very minute and apparently two- jointed ; the head is tufted in front ; the fore wings with the costa much waved, and rough at the base, the tip ■CiC r>^ ^^^ ■ slightly falcate, the disc generally of a green colour, with numerous small raised tufts of scales. Species 1. — Leptogramma literana^ — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 10) — Measures about 9 lines in expanse; fore wings bright pale, grass green and squamulose, the costa towards the base with several straight very short black transverse lines, and the extremity with a row of minute black dots ; the disc with several black lines and marks, a straight one on the middle being most conspicuous ; hind wings brownish ; the black markings on the disc are occasionally confluent, and sometimes, but very rarely, nearly obliterated. Taken in woods in the south of England from July to October. ' Synonyme. — Phalmna Tortrix literana, Linnaeus ; Hiibner ; Donovan, X., pi. 355, fig. 2 ; Hawortb ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1098. Species 2. — Leptogramma Squamana ' — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 11) — Measures from 8 to 9^ lines in expanse; fore wings ashy-green, squamulose ; the costa minutely irrorated towards the base, and more distinctly marked beyond the middle with slender black dots. This is very variable, both in the tone of colour and in the depth of the irrorations with which the disc is covered, and which occasionally run into short black streaks. Taken in various parts of the south of England, in woods, but rare, being found on oaks, &c., covered with lichen. ' Synonymes. — Pyralis squamana, Fabricius ; Donovan, V., pi. 157, f. 7 ; Hawoitb ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1099. Tortrix sguamulana, Hiibner. Species 3. — Leptogramma irrorana " — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 12) — Measures about | inch in expanse ; fore wings of a light duU green and scabrous, thickly irrorated with black spots, four or six of which form a line towards tlie posterior margin, and with a line of black lunulas between the veins at the base of the cilia, and a black dot at the apex of each ; hind wings ochre-gray, and mottled towards the costa and apex. Also taken in woods in the south of England in August, but very rare. "Synonyme. — Tor/ria' irrorana, Hiibner ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 440; Stephens; Wood, fig, 1100. Species 4. — Leptogramma tricolorana " — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 13) — Measures 9^ lines in expanse ; fore wings rough and ashy-coloured, having a green tinge, and varied with reddish-brown and whitish shades, covered with black atoms, sprinkled over the disc ; the costa towards the base with undulated transverse lines, and towards the extremity marked with black dots ; the disc is strongly marked with various black clouds and short streaks, and a reddish streak extends from the base to the apical margin, throwing oif a branch near the base, which extends obliquely to the middle of the costa ; hind wings brownish. Variable in the depth of the I I ?i . [i; AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 165 colours of the fore wings, as well as the clearness of the black marls ings. Taken in woods in the south and west of England, in the autumn, but rare. ' SvNONVME Tortrix tricolorana, Haworth ; Stepbens ; Wood, fig. 1101. Species 5. — Leptogramma fultomixtana " — (Plate XCVI., Fig. 14) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings green and rugose, the disc with darker clouds intermixed irregularly with fulvous patches, and short black streaks and marks, which are more or less obsolete in some individuals, and one of which is most conspi- cuous towards the base of the wing, and another towards the extremity of the costa ; hind wings brownish. Taken in the New Forest and in the woods of Kent, in the autumn, but rare. " Synonyme. — Leptogramma fulvomixiana, Stephens; Wood, fig. 1102. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCVII. Inskcts. — Fig. 1. Teras emargana (the chequered notch-wing). ,, Fig. 2. Teras excavana (the iron notch-wing). „ Fig. 3. Teras etTractana (the common notch-wing). „ Fig. 4. Teras caudana. — 5. Caterpillar — (the mallow notch-wing). „ Fig. 6. Terns ochracea (the pale ochre notch-wing). „ Fig. 7. Dictyopteryx contaminana (the cheqviered pebble). „ Fig. 8. Dictyopteryx ciliana (the white-fringed). „ Fig. 9. Dictyopteryx rhombana (the dark chequered). Insects. — Fig. 10. Dictyopteryx plumbana (the clouded straw). „ Fig. 11. Dictyopteryx Locflingiana (the Loeflingian). „ Fig. 12. Dictyopteryx Forskaliana (the Forskalian). 13. Dark variety.] „ Fig. 14. Capua ochraceana (the ochreous). Plant. — Fig. 15. CynosuiuB cristatus (crested dog's-tail grass). All the insects figured in this plate are from the collection of Mr. Bentley. H. N. H. TERAS, Treitschke. RHACODIA, Hubner. A/^-^wAi The palpi are rather long and porrected considerably in front of the head, the second joint is elongate- JeA.Ai'^ Cct^iM. clavate, and the terminal joint is small, and not concealed ; the head is tufted in front, but the most distinctive character of the group consists in the deep semicircular notch in the middle of the costa of the fore wings. Species 1. — Teras emargana^ — (Plate XCVII., Fig. I) — Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse; fore wings with the basal portion pale ochreous, waved with slender transverse brown streaks of variable length, and the apical portion chestnut-brown, with pale ochreous spots towards the apex, which is arranged in transverse lines ; the costal notch is deep and slightly sinuated ; hind wings buff-brown, slightly reticulated towards the costal and apical parts. Taken in woods in July and August, but rare. * Synonyms. — Pyralis emargana^ Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens, lUus. 4, pi. 38, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 1103. Species 2. — Teras excavana'' — (Plate XCVII., Fig. 2) — Measures about 10 lines in expanse; fore wings dark orange, the base slightly marked with slender dusky waved strigaa, two of which are somewhat more conspicuous than the rest ; across the middle of the wings is an ash-coloured fascia sinuated on both its margins, the edge of the costal incision (which is not deep) marked with the same colour ; the apical portion of tlie wine obscurely reticulated with brown ; hind wings pale, grayish ochreous, and reticulated towards the outer angle. Taken in the autumnal months in woods, but not abundantly. y Synonyheb. — ToHrix excavana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 699 ; Wood, Sg. 1104. Phalana Tortrix emargana, var., Donovan, III., pi. 106, fig. 5. Species 3.— Teras epfractana z— (Plate XCVII., Fig. 3)— Measures 9 or 10 lines in expanse ; fore wing of a nearly uniform grayish-brown colour, the disc being but very faintly reticulated, and marked nearly across the middle with an oblique nearly obsolete sinuated brown fascia ; a few minute elevated white scales are also 166 BRITISH MOTHS scattered over the wings, the inner margin of which is also occasionally ochraceous ; hind wings brown. Taken in woods in the autumn, being the most abundant species in the genus. ^ SvNONY.MES. — Torlrix effraciana, Hiibuer ; Haworth ; Curtis; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1105. Phalieiia Tortrix emargana, Donovan, III., pi. 106, fig. I. Species 4. — Teras caudana " — (Plate XCVII., Figs. 4, 5) — Measures 8 or 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings subcaudate at the tip, gray, very obsoletely reticulated, and with a nearly obsolete fascia across the middle ; the inner margin also occasionally fulvous, the costal incision very shallow ; liind wings brown. The caterpillar is green speckled with black, and a reddish head. Taken in Yorkshire and other northern parts of the country in August, rare near London. " Synonyme. — Pyralis caudana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens; Curtis ; Wood, fig. 1106. Species 5. — Teras ocheacea '' — (Plate XCVII., Fig. 6)^ — Measures 9J lines in expanse ; fore wings of a very pale ochraceous buff, with the slightest possible indicatures of two slender oblique dark streaks extending from the costa, and preceding the costal notch, beyond which the costa and apical margin, and more especially the inner margin, are irrorated with rusty brown scales ; hind wings nearly white, the costal portion slightly maculated. From Mr. Stone's cabinet, now in the collection of Mr. Bentley. ^ Synonyme. — Glypliisia ochraeea, Stephens, Catal. Teras caudana, var. Stephens, 111. DICTYOPTERYX, Stephens. The palpi in this genus are short, stout, and subclavate, the terminal joint being partially exposed. The head is slightly crested ; the fore wings are not incised along the costa, which is also not scabrous, the tip is acute, and rather hooked, the apical margin being rather deeply emarginate, and the disc is generally of pale buff or yellowish colours, and delicately reticulated. Species 1. — Dictyopteeyx contaminana <^ — (Plate XCVII., Fig. 7) — Measures from 7 to 8i lines in expanse ; fore wings straw-coloured or reddish, the basal portion reticulated with chestnut liueolse, a streak at the base, and a broad central fascia, furcate towards the costa, of dark chesnut red ; the apical portion also reticulated with the same colour, the extremity of the wing bearing a streak of this colour. Common in woods from July to September. ■^ Synonyme. — Tortrix coniaminana, Hiibner ; Haworth ; (Harris' E.'ipos., pi. 28, fig. 2, 3) ; Stephens ; Wood, figs. 1107. Species 2. — Dictyopteryx ciliana'' — (Plate XCVII., Fig. 8) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse; fore wings acute at the tip, ferruginous, with the disc more or less reticulated with brown or red, and with an •S. / Q^'-J obscure, very short, oblique fascia, slightly darker than the colour of the disc, extending from the middle of tlie costal margin, and darkest on the disc ; the apical margin also darker brown ; the posterior wings whitish or pale brown, and the fringe white. It varies considerably in size, as well as in the ground colour of the wings, from dirty red to pale testaceous, and even straw-coloured, and also in the strength of the reticulations. Taken in September and October, in woods and hedges. '^ Svnonymes. — Torlrix ciliana, 'RuXmei ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1108. Phal. Torlrix obscurana, Donovnn, Xll., pi. 374, fig. 2. Species 3. — Dictyopteryx uhombana'^— (Plate XCVII., Fig. 9) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings acute, dull ferruginous, or rusty brown, obsoletely reticulated with brown, and with a nearly AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 167 obsolete striga before the middle of the wing ; and also, with a more or less obsolete, sinuose, oblique, entire, dark brown fascia across the middle ; between this fascia and the apical margin, is a spot of the same colour on the costal margin ; fringe whitish, the hinder part dusky ; hind wings pale brown or buflf. Common in August and September. ' SvNONVME. — Torlrix rhombana, Hiibner ; Ilaworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1109. Species 4.— Diciyopteryx pldmbana f— (Plate XCVII., Fig. 10)— Measures from 8 to 9i lines in expanse ; fore wings, with the apical margin, truncate and obtuse, straw-coloured and slightly reticulated ; the ^ ^ middle of the disc -with two red-brown fascise or clouds, which are sometimes sub-confluent in the middle, and which are somewhat bifid towards the costa ; the apical portion of the wing with a dusky marginal striga, and ^ a shorter one near the extremity of the costa ; hind wings pale lead-coloured or straw-coloured. Common in woods and hedges in August and September. ' Synonymks. — Torlrix plumbana, Hiibner; Stephens; Wood, fij. 1110. Torlrix plmnbeolana, Ilaworth. Species 5. — Dictyopteryx Lceflingiana e — (Plate XCVII., Fig. 11) — Measures 8 lines in expanse; fore winTs straw-coloured, with very delicate clouds of reddish-brown on the disc, with two more distinct, confluent, rnfescent marks towards the costa, resembling two letters X ; apical margin with a reddish-brown streak ; fringe straw-coloured : hind wings ashy-brown. Common in August and September. eSvNoNYMK. — Phaltcna Torlrix Loejlingiana, Lmnxas ; Donoran III., pi. 90 ; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1111. Species 6. — Dictyopteryx Forskaliana '' — (Plate XCVII., Figs. 12, 13) — Measures about ^ an inch in expanse ; fore wings retuse, pale yellowish-buff', delicately reticulated with reddish, covering the whole disc of the wings, the middle of the inner margin generally bearing a large, somewhat triangular, ashy patch, which is continued by an oblique dark line to the costa, but which is occasionally wanting, being replaced by a dark dot or two, or entirely concolorous ; apical margin with a slender dusky line. Common in hedges in June and July. •■ Synonyme. — Phalcena Tortrix Forskaliana^ hmu^n^^ Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1112. CAPUA, Stephens. The palpi are short, slender, and densely clothed with short scales above, the terminal joint much exposed and elongate-acute ; the antennae of the males are strongly pubescent ; the head is slightly tufted : the fore wings are " very short, broad, and destitute of fasciae or blotches, very faintly reticulated or tessellated ; the hinder margin is truncate and entire, and the costa in the males is straight, reflected, and thickened at the base." — Stephens. Species 1. — Capua ochraceana ' — (Plate XCVII., Fig. 14) — Measures from 6 to 8 Hues in expanse ; fore wings pale ochry-yellow or ashy, but variable in depth of tone, with very obscure, dark, or dusky-ash reticulations, the meshes of which are occasionally so filled up as to produce a tessellated appearance ; fringe dull ochreous-yellow ; hind wings ochreous-brown, with the base paler. Taken in the New Forest, in June. *Syhohyme. — Capua ochraceana^ Stephens, Illustrations ; Haust., vol. 4, p. 172. 168 BRITISH MOTHS DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCVIII. Insects. — Pig. 10. Ai-gyrolepia margaritana (tlie orange-barred pearl). „ Fig. 11. Argyrolepia a?heana (tlie silver broad bar). „ Fig. 12. Argyrolepia bistrigana (the two-striped). „ Fig. 13, 14. Argyrolepia tesserana (the tessellated). „ Fig. 15. Argyrolepia dicimana (the ten-dotted). Insects. — Fig, 1, 2. Cheimatophila castaneana (the chestnut). „ Fig. 3. Argyrotoza Bergmanniana (the Bergmannian). „ Fig. 4. Argyrotoza Hofftuanseggiana (the Hoffmauseggian). „ Fig. 5. Argyrotoza Couwayana (the Conwayian). „ Fi?- 6. Argyrotoza subaiirantiana (the gold-varied). J, Fig. 7. Argyrotoza Daldorfiana (the Daldorfian). „ Fig. 8. Argyrotoza apicalis (the clay-tipped). All the insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. „ Fig. 9. Argyrolepia Lathoniana (the silver-spotted). Bcntley. H. N. H. CHEIMATOPHILA, Stephens. The narrow glossy wings of this genus with the costa straight, the apical angle slightly falcate, the disc of a rich purplish-chestnut hue with pale whitish, ill-defined, slanting markings : the palpi porrected and very squamose ; the apical joint being scarcely visible : the head tufted in front, and the autumnal and hyemal period of the species, are the chief characters by which it is distinguished from its relations. Species 1. — Cheimatophila castaneana) — (Plate XCVIII., Figs. 1,2) — Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings of a rich purplish-chestnut colour, much mottled with ashy-white clouds, arranged for the most part, in very oblique stripes, forming, as it were, two very ill-defined clouded bars across the middle of the wings, behind which is a pale streak near the inner margin, and within the apical margin of the wing is another patch of the same pale colour : hind wings pale-brownish, very faintly reticulated towards the outer angle ; these spots are very variable, and are sometimes almost obliterated. Taken in the New and other Forests late in the autumn and winter. ' Synonymes. — Torlrix castaneana, Haworth ; .Stephens' 111. ; Haust. 4, pi. 36, fig. 3 ; Wood, fig. 1114. Toririx hyemana, Haworth. Tortrix mixtana, Hiibner. ARGYROTOZA, Stephens. The palpi in this genus are considerably porrected in front of the head and densely squamose, the terminal joint being nearly concealed ; the antennae of the males are scarcely pubescent ; the head strongly tufted in front ; the fore wings elongate-triangular, truncate along the apical margin, and straight along the costa ; the disc being yellow or reddish, and ornamented with silvery curved lines. Species 1. — Argyrotoza Bergmanniana'^ — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 3) — Measures about ^ an inch in expanse ; fore wings rich golden yellow clouded with orange, and very obscurely reticulated ; with four purplish brown, rather slender fasciae, which are ornamented with silvery scales, the first near the base, the second before the middle, the third rising on the costa rather beyond the middle and extending to the anal angle, emitting a silvery branch which runs obliquely to the inner margin ; the apical margin also similarly ornamented ; fringe pale-yellow ; hind wings blackish brown : head and thorax canary-coloured. This is a very common species, the caterpillar doing much injury in gardens by devouring the young buds of roses as described in my article on this species, in the late Mr. Loudon's " Gardeners' Magazine," Vol. xiii., p. 38.5. ' Synokymes.— -PAote'ia (Turlrix) Bergmanniana, Linnaeus; Donovan; Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1115. Tortrix rosana, Hiibner. ?1. as. I # I w^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 169 Species 2. — Argyrotoza Hoffmanseggiana ' — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 4) — Measures 5 or 6 lines in expanse; fore wings fulvous-brown, obscurely streaked with ferruginous, and with five interrupted silvery strJcsB formed of dots, the second striga before the middle of the wing terminating in a yellow lineola on the inner margin ; apical margin darker than the base : hind wings blackish. Taken, but very rarely, in woods in the south of England, in June. ' Sybonvme. — Tortrix Hoffmanseggiana, Huhner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1106. Species 3. — Argyrotoza Conwayana'" — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 5) — Measures 5 or 6 lines in expanse; fore wings rather narrow, acute at the tip, fulvous, or occasionally clouded with brown, and obsoletely streaked with silvery dots arranged in about five irregular strigse, and with two transverse yellowish spots on the middle of the wings, one being placed at the middle of the costa, and the other opposite, but brighter coloured, on the inner margin : hind wings brown or blackish ; fringe yellow. Taken in woods in the south of England, in June. " Synonymes. — Pyralis Conwayana, Fa.hncm% ; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1117. Tortrix Lediana, Hiibner? Species 4. — Argyrotoza subadrantiana " — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 6) — Measures ^ an inch in expanse; fore wings " very pale yellowish-orange, with slightly darker clouds, and with some very obscure streaks of silvery dots most distinct on the costa, and vanishing towards the inner margin ; fringe pale luteous : hind wings pale yellowish-brown." Taken at Darenth Wood, in Kent, in June. ° Stnonyme. — Argyrotoza subaurantiana, Stephens lUustr. " Species 5. — Argyrotoza Daldorfiana ° — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 7) — Measures from 4- to i inch in expanse ; fore wings shining, blackish-brunneous, with the apical portion orange-red faintly streaked with gold near the extremity, and with three or four pale dots on the costa ; hind wings blackish, or paler, with a dark dot next the anal angle. Taken in Woods in the south of England, in June. ° Synonymes Pyralis Daldorfiana, Fabricius ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1119. Phalcena Tortrix dimidiana, Donovan, pi. 364, fig. 2. Species 6. — Argyrotoza apicalis — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 8) — Measures 51 lines in expanse ; fore wings sooty black, varied with luteous scales forming several very indistinct oblique fasciae, the intervening spaces occupied with shiny leaden-coloured scales ; the middle of the costa marked with a small, rather more conspicuous pale dot, and the apex of the wing pale luteous ; the inner margin at the base, pale : hind wings pale brown. Taken by Mr. Bentley in July, at Tunbridge. ARGYROLEPIA, Stephens. ORTHOT^ENIA and COCHYLIS, pars, Curtis. The palpi are short and filiform, with the terminal joint nearly concealed ; the antennae of the males slightly pubescent , the head densely tufted ; the fore wings elongate-triangular ; the apical margin slightly truncate or rounded ; the disc yellow, red or tawny-coloured, and adorned with silvery scales either irregularly scattered over the surface, or disposed in imperfect streaks, lines, or large blotches. Species 1. — Argyrolepia LathonianaP — (PlateXCVIII., Fig. 9) — Measures 8 lines in expanse; fore wings, with the apical margin obliquely truncate ; the disc fuscous-golden-coloured, with a broad, very oblique fascia before the middle ; two spots beyond the middle and some subapical dots of pearly or silvery white ; hind wings ashy, with yellow fringe. Supposed to have been taken near Tunbridge Wells in July. P Synonyme. — Tortrix Lathoniana, Hiibner ; Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1120. VOL. II. Z §. 3. 2)^ ■S. 3. 170 BRITISH MOTHS Species 2. — Argyrolepia margaritana i — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 10) — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings silvery, with a pearly gloss at the extreme base, a dot at the base of the costa, followed by two oblique, more or less interrupted, tawny golden fascia, and a third entire streak along the apical margin, with a small costal dot near the apical angle, also tawny-golden : hind wings dark-brown. Supposed to have been taken in Kent. 'Synonvme. — Tortrix margaritana, Hiworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1I2I. Species 3. — Argyrolepia .sneana ■■ — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 11) — Measures -^ an inch in expanse ; fore wings rounded on the apical margin, the disc deep yellow, with a broad straight blackish fascia across the middle, slightly sprinkled with silvery, and on the apical margin a similar broad bar, internally bearing a rather deep, narrow incision, the costa beyond the middle alternately yellow and blackish. Taken, in Epping Forest, in June, but very rare. ^ Synonyme. — Toririx aneana, HUbner ; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1122. Species 4. — Argyrolepia bistrigana ' — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 12) — Measures | of an inch in expanse ; fore wings brown, vnth two paler, obscure, yellowish, nearly straight fasciae, one before, the other rather behind the middle, and with numerous silvery spots, some of which are disposed in interrupted streaks ; the apical margin also paler, and the costa vrith pale dots ; hind wings brown. Taken near London in the summer. » Sykonyme. — Argyrolepia bistrigana, Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1123. Species 5. — Argyrolepia tesserana ' — (Plate XCVIII., Figs. 13, 14)^ — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings yellowish, or tawny orange, varying to fulvous brown, with five large patches of yellow or whitish placed thus — .•.'., some of these spots, especially those on the inner margin of the wing, are occasionally more or less obsolete, and the pale spaces are encircled by silvery or shining leaden-coloured streaks, but these are wanting in some of Mr. Haworth 's series of varieties described in Lep. Brit., now in my cabinet : hind wings brown. A rare species ; taken in downs in the south of England, in June. ' Synonyjies. — Tortrix tesserana, Wien. Vei-z., Hubner; Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1124. Pyralis Heisana, Fabricius. Species 6. — Argyrolepia decimana " — (Plate XCVIII., Fig. 15) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings tawny, with four nearly equidistant, slender silvery stripes, and some silvery scales near the extremity of the vying, with a basal patch and two large spots on the costa, with two on the opposite margin, and a sub- S. i', 1^1^ apical transverse spot, one of golden- yellow : the hind wings dark brown. Taken in woods and downs in the south of England about the beginning of June. "Synonyme. — Tortrix decimana, 'Vfitn.Yevz.; Fabricius.' HUbner? Stephens; Wood, fig. 1125. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE XCIX. Insects. — Fig. 1. OrthotaniaTurionana (the orange-spotted). 2. The Caterpillar. ,, Fig. 3. Orthotaenia gemiuana, (the scarce orange-spotted). 4. The Caterpillar. 5. A disease in the pine caused by the Caterpillar. 6. Moth in repose. ,, Fig. 7. Orthota;nia Bentlevana (the Bentleyan). ,, Fig. 8. Orthotffinia Haworthana (the silver-marbled). ,, Fig. 9. Orthotaenia Resinella (the spotted Pine). ,, Fig. 10. Orthotaenia Pinetana. „ Fig. 11. OrthoUenia Lepidana. Insects. — Fig. 12. Orthotaenia Comitana (the streaked Pine). 13. Small dark variety. ,, Fig. 14. Orthotaenia Piceaua. ,, Fig. 15. Rhyacionia Hastiana (the Hastian). ,, Fig. 16. Rhyacionia ilavofiisciana. Plant. — Fig. 17. A branch of Pine showing the manner in which the caterpillars feed and injure the young shoots. All the Insects figured io this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. H. N. H. I # PI. 90. I*- I- _.^s&tffit^e" AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 171 ORTHOT.ENIA, Curtis. The palpi are porrected horizontally, thickly squamosa, but with the terminal joint exposed and slender ; the antennae are slender, and slightly pubescent beneath, in the males ; the head is coarsely squamose ; the thorax not tnfted ; the fore wings rather elongate, triangular, with the apical margin rather rounded ; the disc generally of red or brown colours, with slender silvery markings forming irregular spots and fascise. The caterpillars are naked and sixteen-footed. Species 1 — Orthot^nia Tdrionella'' — (Plate XCIX., Figs. 1, 2) — Measures from 6 to 11 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark orange-coloured, with five transverse, irregular, silvery, anastomosing streaks ; the second and fourth forked next the costal margin, the third forming a ring in the centre ; and the fifth abbreviated, and subapical fringe with a blackish line near the base : hind wings dusky. The caterpillar is reddish-brown, with a black head, and feeds on the shoots of the Scotch fir. Taken in June, in Kent, Norfolk, and Yorkshire ; but rare. See the history of this species in " KoUar's Treatise on Injurious Insects," translated by Mrs. Loudon, and published by the publisher of this work. ' S™oNVME. — Phaltena Tinea Turionella, LinDseus; Haworth ; Curtis,Brit. Ent., pi. 364 ; Stephens; Wood, 6g. 1126. Species 2.— Orthot^nia geminana^' — (Plate XCIX., Figs. 3—6) — Measures from 6 to 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings of a cinnamon red colour, (darker than in the preceding species,) with several duplicated, clear, silvery striga and connecting dashes of the same ; the costa slightly dotted with white : hind wings brown. Taken in Surrey, Kent, and Middlesex, in July and August ; but rare. Like the preceding and some of the other species of the genus, its caterpillar feeds within the young shoots of the fir, occasionally doing considerable mischief. " S-umfnME.— Tortrix geminana, Hubner; Stephens; Curtis; Wood, fig. 1127. Species 3.— Orthot^nia Bentleyana '^— (Plate XCIX., Fig. 7)— Measures from 10 to 12 lines in expanse ; fore wings of a dark ferruginous brown, with five geminated strigs, and various spots of a silvery yellow hue, some of which latter form a fascia on the apical margin of the wing ; fringe silvery-white with brown dots : hind wings brown. Taken in June and July, on the mountains of Cumberland, and in Scotland ; also at Trafibrd near Manchester, and at Weybridge. ^ Synonyme.— /"Aatena Torlrix Bentleyana, Donovan X., pi. 357, fig. 1 ; Haworth ; Curtis ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1128. Species 4.— Orthot^nia Haworthana y— (Plate XCIX., Fig. 8)— Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings varied with silver and yellowish-buff; with red-brown cloudings, and having a straight fascia towards the base, another broader in the middle, and the third on the apical margin, all marked with silvery-brown and yellow ; the costa at the extremity with four red-brown dots : hind wings brown. Taken in Norfolk, in June. fSYNOHYMES. — Orthotcema Haworthana, Stephens; Wood, fig. 1129. Tortrix pinetana, Haworth ; Hiibner ? Species 5.— Orthot^nia Resinella ^— (Plate XCIX., Fig. 9)— Measures from 7 to 9 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark brown, or ferruginous brown with numerous intricate and irregular, obscure, silvery streaks, some of which are connected together, and are also bifid towards the costa : hind wings smoky-brown. Taken in June and July in fir plantations, in Kent and Surrey. ' Synonymes. —PAateno Tinea Resinella, Linnaus; Curtis ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1130. Tortrix Turionana, Hiibner. z 2 172 BRITISH MOTHS Species 6. — Orthot^nia Pinetana — (Plate XCIX., Fig. 10) — Measures 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings fulvous-brown, clouded beyond the middle of the wing with richer brown shades ; the basal portion of the wing ' thickly irrorated with black scales, forming three irregular fasciae angulated outwardly in the middle, the centre one being the most conspicuous ; the costa alternately marked with larger and smaller dark dots ; the apex, as well as the centre of the disc, with a larger dark spot, and the apical margin dotted with black ; hind margin with a paler patch in the middle, and the hind wings pale brown. Taken in Dorsetshire, by Mr. Dale. From the Collection of Mr. Bentley. Species 7- — Orthot^nia lepidana — (Plate XCIX., Fig. 11) — Measures 65 lines in expanse; fore wings pale brown, varied with pale grayish-brown patches ; near the base of the wing is a slight dusky curved striga, beyond which, before the middle of the wing, is a paler oblique fascia indented with a black tooth towards the inner margin on the side next the base of the wing, and bearing a rounded lobe on the outer edge near the costa ; beyond the middle of the wing is another waved fascia, most conspicuous towards the costa, its inner portion forming a sharp angle, with the front part nearly obliterated ; the apex of the wing with a patch of pale grayish brown, emitting a slender subapical line of the same colour. All the pale parts finely irrorated with small dusky dots : hind wings pale brown. Taken by the Rev, Mr. Bird, near Reading. Described from Mr. Bentley's Collection. Species 8. — ORiHOTiENiA comitana^ — (Plate XCIX., Figs. 12, 13) — Measures from 4 to 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings reddish-brown and shining, with two geminated, obscure silvery streaks, the first near the base, and the second slightly angulated near the middle, beyond which are various obscure silvery irregular spots mostly double, one near the anal angle being oval, with a dark centre: hind wings brown. Taken in fir plantations, Birchwood, Kent, in June, " SvNONYME. — Torlrix comitana, Wien. Verz. ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1131. Species 9. — Orthot^nia piceana^ — (Plate XCIX., Fig. 14) — Measures 6 lines in expanse; fore wings golden brown, slightly mottled, with several slender, dusky, transverse, curved, slender striga near the base, and a nearly straight white fascia before the middle of the wing, having a slight lobe on the middle of its outer edge ; at a little distance from the middle of the costa there arises another curved fascia of the same colour, which extends to the anal angle ; and beyond this the costa bears three slender, short, oblique, white dashes : hind wings pitchy-brown. In Mr. Bentley's Cabinet, from the Collection of Mr. Stone. ' Synonyme Tortrix piceana, Hiibner ? Species 10. — Orthot^nia ornatana '^ — Measures 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings rich chestnut-brown, mottled with darker shades, especially across the broad central part of the wing, which is of a pitchy hue, bearing a few shining, leaden-coloured scales towards the inner margin ; at a little distance before the middle of the wing is a straight, pale, rather narrow transverse fascia ; and beyond the middle is an oblique one extending to the anal angle, composed of glossy, leaden scales, and a slender line of the same near the apex ; costa varied, especially beyond the middle, with pale patches : hind wings pale brown. Taken in Scotland. In Mr. Bentley's Cabinet. *^ Synonymes. — Ortkotania ornatana, Bentley. Orthottenia formosana, Curtis ? * * The following is Mr. Curtis's description of his 0. formosana : — " Pale fuscous ; thorax and superior wings rosy chestnut ; the latter with a considerable number of waved, transverse, pale shining lines as far as the middle, beyond which are two more compound ones, with several shorter on the costa, and a row of spots of the same colour at the base of the cilia ; abdomen ochrcous at the apc-c. Similar to O. nubilana of Hiibner, in size and colour ; but the superior wings are a little less obtuse, their colour is very different, and the bar across the middle formed by the waved lines is narrower and more irregular." Locality unknown. PI. 100. 4 % % i I f.U AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 173 RHYACIONIA, Hubner; Stephens. ZEIRAPHERA, pars, Curtis. The palpi are short and slender, porrected like a beak, with the acute terminal joint exposed. The antennae are very pubescent in the males ; the thorax is not crested ; the fore wings are short, with the costa straight, and the apical margin obliquely truncate, thereby forming a triangle, with the surface black, with darker elevated scales, and a very oblique snowy white fascia, which is occasionally more or less broken up and dentate outwardly, a character possessed by no other indigenous species. Species 1. — Rhyacionia hastiana*" — (Plate XCIX., Fig. 15) — Measures from 6 to 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark brown, varied with blackish spots and streaks, and with a broad white rather oblique fascia, very variable in extent, before the middle, with an indentation on the inside, and waved on the outside, beyond which are several lead-coloured spots and elevated scales, and an orange streak along the apical margin ; the costa towards the apex with three white dots ; hind wings brown. Taken in Devonshire, at the end of May and in June. ■* SvNONVMES. — Phalcena Torlrix Hastiana, Linnieus; Fabricius ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 711 ; Stephens. Tortrix ulmana, Hubner $ . Tortrix areolana, Hiibner $ . Species 2. — Rhyacionia flavopasciana — (Plate XCIX., Fig. 16) — Measures 72 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark brown, mottled with lighter brown and shining leaden scales ; before the middle of the wing is a rather broad, pale fulvous, angulated fascia, on which is an angulated rusty brown line ; centre of the wing darkest, apical portion with an indistinct oblique, paler fascia extending from the costa to the anal angle, emitting a branch which extends nearly to the apex ; the costa marked with pale dots, largest beyond the middle of the wing, each bearing a small black speck ; tip of the wing with a dark brown spot, and the middle of the apical margin with a larger dark blotch ; hind wings dark brown. From Mr. Stone's Cabinet now in Mr. Bentley's Collection. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE C. Insects. — Fig. I. Eupoecilia maculosina, 2. a dark variety (the small black spotted). „ Fig. 3. Eupcecilia dubitana (the doubtful). 5, Fig. 4. Eupoecilia augustana (the barred marble). Fig. 5. Eupcecilia nana (the barred dwarf). „ Fig. 6. Eupcecilia pygmseana (the dingy dwarf). „ Fig. 7. Eupaecilia permixtana (the orange and black). „ Fig. 8. Eupoecilia sodaliana (the brindled marble). „ Fig. 9. Phtheochroa rugosana (the rough wing). „ Fig. 10. Cochylis roseana (the rosy). Insects. — Fig. H. Cochylis subroseana (the dingy rosy). „ Fig. 12. Cochylis ruficiliana (the red fringe). „ Fig. 13. Cochylis griseana (the oblique barred gray). ' „ Fig. 14. Cochylis rupicola (the chalk-clitT Tortrix). „ Fig. 15. Cochylis Vectisana (the Isle of Wight Cochylis). Plant. — Fig. 16. Aira Alpina (smooth alpine hair grass). All the insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, except E. pygmaeana, and C. ruficiliana from Wood's figures, after Mr. Stephen's specimens. H. N. H. EUPCECILIA, Stephens. COCHYLIS, Pars, Curtis. These Insects are of small size, and have the palpi short and thick, densely squamose, with the terminal joints nearly concealed ; the antenna are thickly pubescent beneath in the males, the head with a crest between the antennae ; the thorax not crested ; and the fore wings rather narrow, elongate triangular, with the apical margin slightly obliquely truncate ; the disc smooth, pale, and generally with a dark central fascia ; the hind wings are pale in the males, and dark in the females. Species 1. — Eupcecilia maculosana <^ — (Plate C, Figs. 1,2) — Measures 5 or 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings white, varying to ashy, the base itself ashy, with a sinuous brown fascia dotted with black rather before the middle of the wing, which scarcely extends to the costa, beyond which are some irregular brown 174 BRITISH MOTHS spots extending to the tip of the wings ; hind wings pale brown, or blackish, paler at the base, fringe white. Common in hedges in July. e Synonyme. — Tortrix maculosana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1133. Species 2. — Eupcecilia dubitana ' — (Plate C, Fig. 3) — Measures 6 or 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings clouded with chalybeous and black, with two broad fasciaa marked with white and oohreons yeUow, one before and the other beyond the middle ; inner margin with a dark patch in the middle, and the apical margin and fringe bluish black ; head and palpi snow-white. Taken in the north of England, and at New Lanark, in Scotland, in July. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix dubitana, HUbner; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1138. Species 3. — Eupcecilia augustana s_(PIate C, Fig. 4)— Measures from 4 to 6 lines in expanse ; head, thorax, and fore wings ochraceous, white and glossy, with darker clouds, with a straight dark fascia across the middle, considerably waved on the outside, and with the apical margin also dark brown, which colour is, however, considerably attenuated towards the costal margin ; hind wings whitish, with a brownish fimbria in the male, brown in the female, fringe white. Taken in woods in July. s Synonymes. — Tortrix augustana, Hubner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1134. Phalana faseiella, Donovan, xiii., pi. 452. Species 4. — Eupcecilia nana •>_ (Plate C, Fig. 5) — Measures from 3i to 5^ lines in expanse; fore wings ochraceous, white with darker shades, with the base and costa as far as the middle of the wing ashy ; a broad brown central fascia, in which are one or two ochraceous dots, the inner margin also, as well as a striga or slender sub-apical fascia, of brown, extending from the costa ; beyond this the remainder of the wing and fringe are ochraceous and nearly immaculate ; hind wings brown, with whitish fringe ; the female is darker coloured. Taken in woods in July. ^ Synonyme. — Tortrix nana, Hawotth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1136. Species 5. — Eupcecilia pygm^ana' — (Plate C, Fig. 6) — Measures 4 lines in expanse ; fore wings ashy, ochreous, considerably clouded with black, and irrorated with ashy, especially in the middle and along the extremity of the costa ; hind wings black or blackish, fringe brown. Taken at Darenth Wood in July, but rare. ^ Synonyme. — Tortrix pygmiBana., Haworth; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1136. Species 6. — Eupcecilia permixtanaJ — (Plate C, Fig. 7) — Measures from 4 to 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings orange-red, with darker brown streaks, and with a transverse paler spot on the costa before the middle of the wing, which terminates in a triangular black patch on the inner margin, and beyond the middle of the wing is a large grayish-black fascia ; hind wings white, vnth a dusky border or entirely black, according to the sex ; fringe pale yellow. Taken in June in Woods. ' Synonyme. — Tortrix permixtana, Hubner; Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1137. Species 7. — Eupcecilia sodaliana '' — (Plate C, Fig. 8) — Measures a little more than 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings varied with snow-white and cinereous, with several costal black spots and dots, and with a black fascia rather before the middle of the wing ; interrupted in the middle, and a second somewhat incurved and slightly waved, and brown towards the apical margin ; hind wings brownish. Very rare ; taken by Mr. Stephens, at Ripley, in July. ^ Synonyme. — Tortrix sodaliana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1139. I AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 175 PHTHEOCHROA, Stephens. The type of this genus is distinguished by the irregular elevated scales on the disc, and the straight costa of its fore wings, and by the very long and slender palpi, having the terminal joint exposed and very distinct ; the antennae in the males are scarcely pubescent beneath ; the head is densely tufted, and the thorax is not tufted. Species 1. — Phtheochroa rugosana' — (Plate C, Fig. 9) — Measures about f inch in expanse ; fore wings ashy-buff, glossy, and rugose with dots, lineote and costal streaks of white, one of which resembles the letter V, near the middle of the costa ; behind which is a short interrupted black fascia, and a bright flesh-coloured dash (which fades immediately after death) ; near the apical margin is an incurved brown fascia, with black dots upon a pale ground, extending to the middle of the margin ; hind wings ashy. Taken in hedges and woods, about the middle of June, but not abundantly. ' SvNoNYMEs. — Tortrix rugosana, Hiibner ; Ha-worth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1141. Phalaena V. album; Donovan, XI., pi. 371, fig. 1. COCHYLIS, Treitschkb. The palpi in this genus are nearly horizontal, rather short, and clavate, being thickly clothed with scales, which almost conceal the terminal joint ; the antenna are very pubescent in the males ; the head is thickly clothed with scales above, forming a tuft ; the thorax is not tufted ; the fore wings are somewhat narrow, with the costa nearly straight, and the apical margin more or less obliquely truncate ; the disc often of a reddish or grayish hue, with a very oblique dark fascia. Species 1.— Cochylis roseana ■= — (Plate C, Fig. 10)— Measures about l inch in expanse ; fore wings of a fine rosy pink, with the inner and apical margins paler ; from the middle of the inner margin arises a very oblique abbreviated chestnut fascia, and near the anal angle is a small dark dot on the margin ; fringe darker rosy ; hind wings pale ashy-brown. Taken at Dover, Darenth "Wood, the Isle of Wight, as also in the north of England, in June. " Synonymes. — ToTtrix roseana, Hawortb ; Stephens, Ulus. 4, pi. 35, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 1142. Tortrix rubellana, Hiibner ; Curtis. Species 2. — Cochylis subrgseana" — (Plate C, Pig. 2) — Measures 5 or 6 lines in expanse; fore wings pale rosy -grey ; the apical portions of a more brunneous ashy colour, occasionally varying to whitish, with a central, oblique, dark-brown or dusky fascia arising from the inner margin, but vanishing before reaching the costa ; hind wings dusky or whitish, according to the sex. Taken in the middle of May in abundance amongst grass on the Isle of Portland, and in June amongst heath, near Ambleside, by Mr. Curtis ; also at Birch "Wood, Kent. " Synohyme — Tortrix sulroseana, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1143. Species 3.— Cochylis ruficili ana "—(Plate C, Fig. 12)— Measures 1 inch in expanse; fore wings of a reddish leaden colour, with a very obhque, central, abbreviated fascia, and a second brown fascia alono- the apical margin ; fringe red ; hind wings brown, with paler fringe. Taken in May and June, in woods in Kent ; also in meadows in Yorkshire. "Synonymes. — Tortrix ruficiliana, Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1144. Tinea ciliella, Hiibner ? 176 BRITISH MOTHS Species 4. — Cochylis griseana p — (Plate C, Fig. 13) — Measures i inch in expanse ; fore wings gray, with a somewhat undulated brunneous fascia extending across the middle of the wing, from the costa to the inner margin ; the costa with moderate-sized dusky spots, and a faint, short, brownish fascia near the apical margin; hind wings dark-brown. P Synonvme. — Toririx griseana, 'Ha.viorth ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1145. Species 5. — Cochylis rupicola 1 — (Plate C, Fig. 14) — Measures from 6 to 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings ochreous ; the apical portion more ferruginous, freckled with black, and with a broad, obli(Jue, ferruginous bar across the middle of the wing, edged with white on both sides towards the inner margin ; adjoining to which, towards the anal angle, is an indistinct triangular spot ; costa spotted with black ; hind wings blackish ; fringe dusky, with the tips ochreous. Taken in July, at the side of the cliff at Dover ; also near London, in June, Synonymes. — Cochylis rupicola, CurtiSyBot. Ent., pi, 491 ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1146. JV. G. marginana, Stephens (Cat.) , Species 6. — Cochylis vectisana — (Plate C, Fig. 15) — Measures nearly 5 lines in expanse ; fore wings, head and thorax of a pale fulvous buff-colour ; the former with a satiny gloss, with an oblique, moderately broad and rather curved fascia ; of a rather more decided fulvous colour across the middle, and with the apical part of the wing rather rudely reticulated with the same darker colour, as is also the tip of the wing ; hind wings grey and shining, with pale buff fringe. A few specimens of this new species were taken in a salt marsh, near Ryde, in the Isle of Wight, flying over the grass, in the evening of the 5th August, 1843, by S. Stevens, Esq,, who has favoured us with the species for illustration in this work. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CI. ECTS. —Fig, 5> Fig. 5J Fig. ' 3» Fig. JS Fig. 5» Fig- ^» Fig. J» Fig. 1. Lozopera alternana (tlie alternate-barred Tortrix). 2. Lozopera Dubrisana (the Dover Straw). 3. 4. Small varieties of ditto. 5. Lozopera Marmoratana (the marbled straw). 6. Lozopera Straminea(the short-barred straw). 7. Lozopera Smeathmanniana (the Smeathmannian). 8. Lozopera Francillana (the Francillanian), 9. Lozopera badiana (the chestnut straw). Fig. 10. Lozopera Baumanniana (the Baumaunian). Fig. 11. Xanthoaetia Zcegana (the Zoegian). Fig. 12. Xanthosetia fernigana (the clouded iron). Insects, — Fig. 13. Xanthosetia bamana (the hook-marked Btraw). „ Fig. 14. Xanthosetia diversana (the crossed straw). ^ „ Fig. 15. Xanthosetia inopiana (the plain drab). „ Fig. 16. Xanthosetia Luteolana. 5, Fig. 17. Phibalocera Quercana (the long-horned). „ Fig. 18. Hypercallia Christiernana (the Christiemian). " Plant. — Fig. 19. Cynosurus cristatus (Crested Doga'-tail grass). The whole of the insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr, Bentley, with the exception of Marmoratana from "Wood's fig., and Baumanniana from a specimen in the British Museum. H. N. H. LOZOPERA, Stephens. COCHYLIS, Pars, Curtis. CHLIDONEA, Hubner. The palpi are rather long, subclavate ; densely squamose, with the terminal joint nearly concealed, the antennas are but slightly pubescent in the males ; the head is densely inflated on the crown ; the thorax is not crested ; the fore wings have the apical margin very obliquely truncate, the costa straight, and the disc pale- coloured, generally straw-coloured or yellow, with indistinct, oblique, darker markings. Species 1. — Lozopeea alternana= — (Plate CI., Fig 1) — Measures from 10 to 13 lines in expanse; fore wings ochreous or pale buff, with darker and lighter glossy patches ; about the middle of the wing is an abbreviated, oblique, blackish striga, followed by a second near the apex, but fainter; the apical margin reticulated with rusty brown, the costa dotted with brown ; hind wings brownish or pale-ashy. Taken about the end of July in grassy plains on the heights near Dover. ' Synonvme. — Lozopera allernana, Stephens (111. H. pi. 35, fig. 2) ; Wood, fig. 1147. p ■i--- ."H 101. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 177 Species 2. — Lozopera Dubrisana' — (Plate CI., Figs. 2, 3, 4) — Measures from 4 to 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale sulphur or buff, mottled with shining brown and white marks, with a somewhat interrupted oblique dusky fascia across the middle, and another more undulated beyond it ; hind wings pale, freckled with brown, especially towards the apex, sometimes blackish. Taken in the middle of August, on the Cliffs, near Dover, by Mr. Curtis. ' Synonvmes. — Cocht/lis Duhrisana, Curtis; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1148. Eupacifia iuteolana, Stephens (not Xanthosetia luteolana, Hiib.) Species 3. — Lozopera marmoratana " — (Plate CI., Fig. 5) — Measures 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale sulphur freckled with brown, and variegated with shining white spots and lines, leaving two indistinct, li . '2^e^ oblique, fuscous bands ; costa spotted with brown : hind wings fuscous, freckled with white ; fringe white. Taken in the middle of August near Dover, by Mr. Curtis. " Synonvme Cochplis marmoratana, Cuitis ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1149. Species 4. — Lozopera straminea ' — (Plate CI., Fig. 6) — Measures 7 or 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings pale straw coloured, with a short oblique fulvous fascia a little before the middle of the wing, extending from the inner margin nearly to the middle of the disc ; the costa with a few obscure tawny dots and a subapical tawny line : hind wings whitish, with long silky white fringe. Taken in meadows and woods in May and August, and widely dispersed, but not abundant. ' Synonvme. — Tortrix straminea, Haworth ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1150. Species 5. — Lozopera Smeathmanniana" — (Plate CI., Fig. 7) — Measures from 5 to 7 lines in expanse ; fore wings rather narrow, pale straw-coloured and glossy, with faint clouds, and two grayish brown spots on the costa, one near the middle, and the other towards the apex, opposite to each of which is an oblique, abbreviated, grayish-brown fascia, darkest on the inner margin, the anterior of which is rather curved outwards : these fascise vary considerably in intensity and breadth, and the base of the wing is also occasionally more or less tinged with brown. ^' SvNONVMEs. — Pyralis Smeaihmanniana, Fabricius ; Curtis ; Stephens, (Illustr.) ; Wood, fig. 1151. (Not A'^. G. Smeathmanniana, Stephens' Cat.) Lozopera Fabriciana, Hiibner; Haworth ; Stephens, (Catal.) Species 6. — Lozopera Francillonana" — (Plate CI., Fig. 8) — Measures from 5 to 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings dark straw-coloured, without clouds or dots, but having two very oblique brunneous fasciae entirely crossing the wing, arising from two spots on the costa, and occasionally with the costa towards the base suffused with brown ; hind wings brownish-gray. Taken in June and July at Dover, and Darenth, in Kent. * SvNONYMEs. — Pyralis Francillana, Fabricius ; Donovan, x., pi. 355, fig. 1 ; Haworth; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1152. Tortrix Baumanniana, Hiibner.' but not of Fabricius. Tortrix sanguinea, Ochsenheimer. Species 7- — Lozopera badiana ^ — (Plate CI., Fig. 9) — Measures from 6 to 8 lines in expanse ; fore wings graj'ish straw-coloured and shining or paler straw, with a brown spot at the base of the costa, beyond which is an oblique fulvous brown fascia, somewhat angulated and interrupted in the middle, and between this and the apical margin is a second broken and abbreviated fascia darkest on the costa ; this being occasionally almost reduced to the costal spot ; hind wings blackish. Taken in places where burdock abounds in June and July, being widely dispersed. Isle of White, Battcrsea Fields, AVhittlesea Mere, &c. ^ Synonymes. — Tortrix badiana^ Hiibner ; Curtis ; Stephens, (Illustr.) ; Wood, fig. 1153. ■ Tortrix ritbigana, Ochsenheimer. JV. G. Smeathmanniana, Haworth ; Stephens (Catal.), not Loz. Smeathm. supra. Species 8. — Lozopera Baumanniana^ — (Plate CI., Fig. 10) — Measures from 6 to II lines in expanse; fore wings rather ashy or yellow, the base rather darker, with a chocolate red spot near the base of the costa, VOL. II. A A 0-*"-*' 178 BRITISH MOTHS followed by a very oblique fascia across the middle of the wing of the same colour, angulated and broken near the costa, and edged with silvery, and beyond it another fascia extending from the costa near the preceding to the anal angle, darkest at its extremities, and sometimes much broken ; the apical margin slightly spotted with silvery white ; hind wings brown, darkest on the margin. Taken amongst fern and elsewhere in June, and very widely dispersed, but not common. '■ SvNONYMES. — Pyralis Baumanniana^'Fahmms; Haworlh ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1154. Pyralis Harlmanniana, Hiibncr (variety). XANTHOSETIA, Stephens. This genus derives its name from the yellow or yellowish-red tints of most of the species ; the palpi are long and porrected, moderately clavate, with the terminal joint very minute and nearly concealed ; the antennae are pubescent beneath in the males, the head tufted on the crown, the thorax not crested, the fore wings rather elongate, with the costa ratlier rounded, as is also the apical margin ; the apical angle rather acute, the disc, near the apex, with a curved dark streak. Species 1. — Xanthosetia zcegana ^ — (Plate CI., Fig. 11) — Measures from 9 to 11 lines in expanse; fore wings bright yellow, with the basal part of the costa, a spot in the middle of the wing towards the inner margin, and a lar, ^ / AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 189 Species 27- — Anacampsis contigua — ( Ha worth ; "Wood, fig. 1212, and our Plate CV., Fig. 7) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings ashy-black or brown, with a whitish oblique fascia at the base, and another narrower near the apical margin, connected along the inner margin ; head white. Gardens, June. Species 28. — Anacampsis sequax — (Haworth ; "Wood, fig. 1213, and our Plate CV., Fig. 8) — Expands about 6 lines ; fore wines brownish, clouded with black, with one oblique whitish fascia before the middle, and another, less oblique and fainter, near the apical margin ; head grayish ash. Common in gardens in June and July. Species 29. — Anacampsis proxima — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1214, and our Plate C"V., Fig. 9) — Expands 6 or 7 lines ; fore winfs grayish-brown, slightly clouded with black, with a large black angulated or sinuated fascia-like patch before the middle, from the costa nearly to the inner margin, and beyond this some black clouds and dots. In gardens, about the end of June. Species 30. — Anacampsis tricolorella — (Haworth, Ent. Tr. ; Wood, fig. 1215, and our Plate CV., Fig. 10) Expands from 6 to 7i lines ; fore wings dark ash, with black markings ; a whitish slight fascia near the base, followed by a large black costal blotch, and beyond this dotted with black, and marked with a whitish subapical fascia dilated into a white blotch on the costa. Taken in the Kentish woods in June. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CVI. Insects. — Fig. I. Anacampsis luctuella (the crescent-shouldereil). Fig. 2. Anacampsis subrosea (the little blossom). Fig. 3. Anacampsis decorella (the neat). Fig. 4. Anacampsis marmorea (the beautiful marble). Fig. 5. Anacampsis guttifera (the white-dotted black). Fig. 6. Anacampsis atra (the little black). Fig. 7. Anacampsis subocellea (the eyelet). Insects, — Fig. 8. Anacampsis maculella (the short-barred white). ,, Fig. 9. Anacampsis tremella (the horse-shoe). ,, Fig. 10. Anacampsis LycUella. Plant. — Fig. 11. Anemone ranunculoides (yellow-wood Anemone). All the insects figured in this plate are from the collection of Mr. Bentley. Species 31. — Anacampsis luctdella (Hiibner ? "Wood, fig. 1206 and 1218, and our Plate CVI., Fig. 1) — Expands about 6 lines ; fore wings black-brown, with darker shades and a clear semicircular reddish-wiiite streak in the middle of the costa, and a subapical interrupted fascia of the same colour ; apical margin dotted with whitish. Taken in woods, in June. Species 32. — Anacampsis SDBROSEAa — (Haworth; "W'ood, fig. 1219, and our Plate CVI., Fig. 2) — Expands 5J lines ; fore wings black, with a large, somewhat rosy mark on the costa, inclosing a dark marginal dot, and an indistinct interrupted fascia of purplish-white near the apical margin ; hind wings leaden-black, and shining ; probably a variety of the last species. Taken in woods, in June. ' Synonyme. — Tinea luculella, Hiibner. Species 33. — Anacampsis decorella — (Haworth, Ent. Tr. ; "V\^ood, fig. 1217, and our Plate CVI., Fiof. 3) — Expands about 6 lines ; fore wings black-brown, with a recurved basal, and straight apical fascia of white, and a central ochreous or rosy spot, and a slight tinge of the same behind the second fascia. Kent and Norfolk, in June : rare. We have received a fine series of specimens from Sam. Stevens, Esq. •Species 34. — Anacampsis marmorea — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1218? and our Plate CVI., Fig. 4) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings narrow, the basal half of the costal portion black ; but interrupted by a subapical oblique white fascia ; beyond the middle are two irregular red dots, one beyond the other. Norfolk, Birch Wood, and Hampshire, in June. 190 BRITISH MOTHS Species 35. — Anacampsis guttifera — ( Ha worth ; Wood, fig. 1216; and our Plate CVI., Fig. 5) — Expands 5^ lines ; fore wings black, -with a small patch at the base, two on the opposite margin before the middle, and two others similarly placed beyond the middle, white. Near London and Scotland, in June : rare. Species 36. — Anacampsis atra '' — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1220; and our Plate CVI., Fig. 6) — Expands 5 or 6 lines ; fore wings deep black, obsoletely clouded, but varying in the depth of its tints ; the inner margin irregularly ashy ; hind wings ashy-brown. Woody places, in June. b Synonyme. — Tinea exiffuella, Fabricius; Hubner. Species 37. — Anacampsis subocellea — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1221; and our Plate CVI., Fig. 7) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings hoary ash, with some obscure^brownish streaks on the inner margin, one near the middle, and a second on the anal angle with a roundish spot between them, and an oblique subapical streak and an imperfect eyelet near the apex. Taken in the New Forest, in June. Species 38. — Anacampsis maculella — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1222; and our Plate CVI., Fig. 8) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings whitish, or somewhat hoary ; more or less slightly powdered or clouded with brownish, with a short oblique black fascia near the base, from the costa nearly to the inner margin, inclining anteriorly, opposite to which is a large brown costal cloud, and a brown dot towards the anal angle. Taken in woods, in June. Species 39. — Anacampsis tremella '^ — (W. V.; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1223 ; and our Plate CVI., Fig. 9) — Expands from 5 to 6|- lines ; fore wings snow-\yhite or whitish, with a large patch of black and brown clouds extending from the base to the middle of the costa, which, when the wings are closed, forms a mark like a horse-shoe ; the apical portion of the wing clouded with ashy, and minutely dotted with black. Hedges, in Kent, Surrey, &c., about the end of June. •^ Synonyme. — Tinea Blattariella, Hubner, &c. Species 40. — Anacampsis Liellella — (Curtis MS., and our Plate CVI., Fig. 10)- — Expands 6^ lines ; fore wings buff-white, varied with black markings ; viz. the costa with three black narrow spots, the first near the base, the second before, and the third rather beyond the middle, the extremity clouded with brown ; disc of the wing with a large oblong black patch reaching from near the base to beyond the middle, followed by a nearly apical oval brown patch : head, thorax, and hind wings, buff-white. Described from IMr. Bentley''s collection. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CVII. Insfcts. — Fig. 1. Anacampsis nivella (the black-dotted ivbite). J, Fig. 2. Anacampsis aleella (the black-clouded). „ Fig. 3. Anacampsis intenuptella (the brown streak), „ Fig. 4. Anacampsis fulvescens (the tawny). Insects. — Fig. 11. Anacampsis padifoHella. jj Fig. 12. Anacampsis fugacella. J, Fig. 13. Anacampsis jElhiops. „ Fig. 14. Anacampsis fuscipennis. Fig. 5. Anacampsis fuscescens (the faint-dotted brown). j, Fig. 15. Anacampsis costella. „ Fig. 6. Anacampsis alternella (the black-spotted white). I Plant.— Fig. 16. Chlora perfoliata (yellow wort). „ Fig. 7. Anacampsis angustella(theblack-spottedbrimstoue). „ Fig. 8. Anacampsis albimaculea (the white-spotted black). All the insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. „ Fig. 9. Anacampsis quadripuncta (the four-spotted). j Bentley. „ Fig. 10. Anacampsis bifasciella (the two-banded). | Species 41. — Anacampsis nivella — (Fabricius, &c. ; "Wood, f^g. 1224; and our Plate CYIL, Fig. 1) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings white, sliglitly clouded with ashy, with a clear white streak across, near the apical F],]07 % % # W' ^ % J# -^^ V V AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 191 margin ; towards the middle of the costa a short, oblique, thickish, black streak bends outwards, and some blac dots placed transversely, with an apical row of minute black dots. Taken in woods, in the south of England, in June. Species 42. — Anacampsis aleella"' — (Fabricius; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1225; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 2) — Expands 5 or 6 lines ; fore wings white, very much clouded with black, forming more or less confluent spots ; an oblique fascia at the base, and an irregular streak from thence to the apex. Taken in gardens about the end of June. '' Synonyme. — Recurvaria nana, Hawortli. Species 43. — Anacampsis interruptella (Hiibner ; Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1226 ; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 3) — Expands 5 lines ; fore vrings somewhat ashy or pale, with a broad brown streak running interruptedly from the base to the apex. Near London, and in Sussex, in June. Species 44. — Anacampsis fulvescens — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1227 ; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 4) — Expands 5 lines; fore wings pale fulvous, with very slight brown clouds or irrorations ; hind wings leaden-brown, shining. Taken near London, Dover, and Hertford, in June. Species 45. — Anacampsis fuscescens — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1228 ; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 5) — Expands 4^ lines ; fore wings gray-brown, vrith the base and apical portion darker, with a few (three) small obscure dusky clouds or dots in the middle of the wing. Near London, June. Species 46. — Anacampsis alternella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1229 ; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 6) — Expands 6^ lines ; fore wings snowy white, with one or two black spots at the base, followed by a rather oblique fascia, and a triangular black costal patch before the middle ; then two dots on the opposite margins, and a largish black dot on the hinder margin, with several minute ones on the extreme edge. Taken in the Kentish woods, in June. Species 47. — Anacampsis angcstella — (Hubner; Haworth; Wood, fig. 1230, and our Plate CVII., Fig. 7) — Expands about 6 inches ; fore wings sulphur-yellow, with four black fasciae, the first at the base, the second preceding, and the third beyond the middle ; these being generally broad, nearly confluent, scarcely reaching either the costa or inner margin, but sometimes reduced to small spots, a fourth broad black fascia near the apical margin ; costa sUghtly edged with black. Beginning of June, in various places near London. Species 48. — Anacampsis albimaculea — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1231, and our Plate CVII., Fig. 8) — Expands 5^ lines ; fore wings black, with an anterior white fascia, often not reaching to the costa ; a second in the middle, sometimes slightly interrupted, and two whitish spots on the opposite margins of the wing ; liind wings black. Taken with the last species, and possibly a variety of it. Species 49. — Anacampsis 4-puncta p — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1232, and our Plate CVII., Fig. 9) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings narrowed, black or blackish, with a yellovyish but almost obsolete patch near the base, another more conspicuo«is and sinuated across the middle, and two dots, opposite to each other, on the costal and inner margin of the wing ; hind wings whitish. Near London, August. * Synonyme. — Tinea Scopoiella, Huhnet. Species 50. — Anacampsis bifasciella — (Fabricius? Stephens; Wood, fig. 1233, and our Plate CVII., Fig. 10) — Expands from 6 to 8i^ lines ; fore wings narrow, black, shining, with a patch at the base, two fasciae 192 BRITISH MOTHS across the middle of the wing, the second being interrupted, and with a dot on the apex, yellowish ; hind wings whitish-ash, with darker scales. Gardens, round London and Dover, August. Species 51. — Anacampsis padifoliella — (Hubner; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 11) — Measures five lines in expanse; fore wings much varied with black, white, and brown scales, at a short distance from the base is an oblique white fascia, preceded by a black one, beyond this is a broad black discoidal dash, interrupted in the middle, and extending to the costa in front ; opposite to its middle, on the costa and inner margin of the wing, is a small black dot : head white ; hind wings pale gray-brown. Described from Mr. Bentley's collection. Species 52. — Anacampsis pdgacella — (Ochsenheimer ; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 12) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings brown, very much freckled with black scales, and with a number of raised brown scales on the disc, which is marked with about three almost obsolete very oblique black lines, not reaching the inner margin ; the costa with three conspicuous black dots, and the apical margin dotted with black : hind wings whitish. Described from Mr. Bentley's Collection. Species 53. — Anacampsis jEthiops — (Plate CVII., Fig. 13) — Expands 9 lines ; fore wings black, and slightly glossy, with three minute tufts of jet-black elevated scales on the disc, near the middle of the wings, the first and third nearest the inner margin ; hind wings pale-blackish. Near Manchester, Mr. Eddleston. Described from Mr. Bentley's Cabinet. Species 54. — Anacampsis fuscipennis — (Haworth MS.; and our Plate CVII., Fig. next below A. jEthiops) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings fulvous-brown, glossy, paler at the base ; marked near the apex of the costa (which is dilated) with three or four slender, oblique, silvery-white lineolse, the first most distinct, running towards the middle of the apical margin ; the others shorter, and extending in the opposite direction : head and thorax white, with a golden tinge. Described from Mr. Bentley's Cabinet. The species appears to approach Cleodora cytisella. Species 55. — Anacampsis costella — (Stephens MS. ; and our Plate CVII., Fig. 15) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings fulvous buff, with a few brovTn scales on the inner margin towards the base ; a large blackish-brown patch, occupying the middle portion of the costa, and running half way across the wing ; near the apex is a transverse series of blackish scales, and the margin itself is marked with black scales ; hind wings pale gray. Described from Mr. Bentley's collection. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CVIII. Insects. — Fig. 1. Lophonotus fasciculelliiB (the prominent Tinea). ,, Fig. 2. Acria emarginella (the notch-winged). ,, Fig. 3. Chelaria rhomboidella (the lohster-clatved). ,, Fig. 4. Cleodora silacella (the dingy straw). ,, Fig. 5. Cleodora rufescens (the dwarf wainscot). ,, Fig. 6. Cleodora nebulca (the clouded wainscot). f, Fig. 7. Cleodora ochroleucella (the pale ochreou 8 wainsco ) ,, Fig. 8. Cleodora lucidella (the lucid wainscot). ,, Fig. 9. Cleodora falciformis (tlte hook-tipped). ,, Fig. 10. Acompsis unitclla (the brown gold). ,, Fig. II. Acompsis cinerella (the ash-coloured). Insects. — Pig. 12. Acompsis tinctella (the tinted). ,, Fig, 13. Macroehila fascicUa (the long-winged). ,, Fig. 14. Macroehila parenthesella (the parenthesis). ,, Fig. 15. Macroehila marginella (the white-bordered). ,, Fig. 16. Macroeliila bicostella (the light streak). Plant. — Fig. 17. Gentiana amarella (bitter Gentian). All the insects figured in tliis plate .ire from the collection of Mr, Bentley, except Aeria emarginella, Cleodora ncbulea, ochroleucella and lucidella, from Wood. ^ ^^ # ^ PI 108. y ^ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 193 LOPHONOTUS, Stephens. The fore wings in this genus are very narrow, subfalcate at the tip, and with the inner margin 3-fasclcu- lated, as in the prominent moths ; the hind wings are narrow, very acute, and witli very long fringe ; the labial palpi are slender, divergent, and bent upwards in front of the eyes ; the maxillary palpi are short. Species 1. — Lophonotus fasciculellus — (Stephens, 111. H. pi. 39, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 1234, and our Plate CVIIL, Fig. 1) — Expands 6| lines ; fore wings ashy-brown, irrorated with blade and buff scales, with an indistinct blackish fascia near the middle, widest on the costa, beyond which is a series of black lines, interrupted with white ; the apical portion of the wing tinged with reddish, and the inner margin with three tufts of reddish scales, tipped with black ; hind wings gray-brown ; legs with pale rings. Whittlesea Mere, July ; very rare. ACRIA, Stephens. The fore wings are rather long, linear, and with a circular notch on the middle of the costa ; the apex dilated and rounded, and the palpi apparently short and divergent. Mr. Stephens thinks Donovan's figure aid description (on which alone the genus and species are established, the specimen being lost), were made from an injured insect. Species 1. — Acbia emarsinella — (Donovan, xi., pi. 392, fig. 3 ; "Wood, fig. 1260; and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 2) — Expands 6 ? lines ; fore wings linear, ashy-gray, with the apex striped with brown. Found in Kent. CHELARIA, Haworth. (HYPATIMA, Hubner.) This genus is named from the very long, recurved, divaricating palpi, of which the apical joint is long and incurved, the basal part being clothed with scales longest above, leaving the tip nearly naked ; the fore wings are long, narrow, and rather lanceolate, and the lower ones acute at the tips. Species 1. — Chelaria rhomboidella ^ — (Linnasus, &c.; Curtis, pi. 368; Wood, fig. 1235; and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 3) — Expands from 6 to 8 lines; fore wings dirty ochre, slightly irrorated with dusky scales, with a large subtriangular brown spot near the middle of the costa ; with two minute dots near the base of the costa, and four or five paler ones near the apex, and with a blackish streak and two dots towards the centre. August, in gardens ; widely dispersed. ' Synon YMEs — Tinea conscriptella, Hubner, Haworth. Tinea Hubnerella, Donovan, xi., fol. 382, fig. 2. CLEODORA, Stephens. The palpi are long, curved, porrected horizontally, and divergent ; the second joint as long as the fourth, which is not squamose at the base ; the fore wings are long and narrow ; the fringe very long at the anal angle, and also continued round the apex ; the hind wings have the apex suddenly narrowed. Species 1.— Cleodora silacella— (Hiibner, &c.; Wood, fig. 1236; and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 4) — Expands from 7 to 9 lines ; fore wings ochreous-ashy, with two very minute, remote brown dots on the disc, one succeeding the other, the inner margin often paler ; hind wings brown, shining. Near London, and in the New Forest, about the end of July. The caterpillar feeds on the willow, VOL. II. c c 194 BRITISH MOTHS Species 2. — Cleodora rtjfescens — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1237, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 5) — Measures 7i lines in expanse ; fore wings shorter than in C. silacea, and more obtuse, or rather subtruncate, rufescent, and immaculate ; hind wings obtuse, brownish-buif, with yellowish fringe. Near London and in the New Forest, in August. Species 3. — Cleodora nebulella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1238, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 6) — Expands about ^ an inch ; fore wings " pale grayish-brown, glossy, with darker or brownish clouds, and a some- what triangular whitish spot on the costa towards the apex ; hind wings very slender, ashy-brown, shining, with darker cilia." July, near Ripley, and in the New Forest. Species 4. — Cleodora ochroleucella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1239, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 6) — Expands ^ an inch ; fore wings glossy whitish ochre, obscurely clouded ; hind wings brownish. End of July, near Ripley. Mr. Stephens. Species 5. — Cleodora lucidella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1240, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 7) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings with the tip sub-acute, shining gray-brown, immaculate ; hind wings shining black ; fringe brown. July, New Forest. Species 6. — Cleodora falcifoemis — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1241, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 9) — Expands ^ an inch ; fore wings subfalcate, ashy, or grajdsh, with brownish lineolae, or striote somewhat confluent on the disc ; fringe umber ; hind wings brown-leaden coloured, and glossy. July and August, in Norfolk, and near London. ACOMPSIA, Hubner, Stephens. The palpi are long, slender, and recurved, with the terminal joint very long and acute, the head small and glossy, the fore wings acutely truncate along the apical margin ; the disc destitute of markings, and of an uniform colour, and the hind wings broad, and not attenuated at the outer angle, as in the last group. Species 1. — Acompsia unitellaS — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1243, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 10) — Expands from 4 to 7 lines ; fore wings clear fulvous brown, or snuff-coloured, immaculate, with fringe of the same colour ; hind wings blackish ; head ochre-yellow. The caterpillar feeds on the apple and pear. Near London, from June to August. s SvNONYME. — Tinea fusco-aurella, Haworth? Species 2. — Acosipsia cinerella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1242, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. II) — Expands 8 to 9h lines ; fore wings pale ashy-brown and immaculate, with rather paler fringe ; hind wings rather darker, with yellowish fringe ; head glossy ash-brown. Darenth Wood, Kent, beginning of July. Species 3. — Acompsia tinctella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1244, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 12) — Expands 6 or 7 lines ; fore wings ochre-yellow, shining, almost immaculate ; hind wings yellowish-white, with paler fringe ; head pale ochre. Darenth Wood, end of June. Mr. Stephens. MACROCHILA, Stephens. APLOTA, pars Curtis. The palpi are very long, porrected, and densely squamosa, with the second joint very long, the scales forming a brush at the apex, and the third joint very slender and acute, appearing beyond the brush like a PI. m . I i fr # AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. ]95 terminal bristle ; the fore wings are entire, ample, elongate, somewhat linear, with the apical margin somewhat obliquely truncate, and the disc obscurely varied with darker markings ; when at rest they are convoluted or decumbent. Species 1. — Macrochila fasciella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1245, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 13) — Expands 10 or 11 lines ; fore wings elongate, dull, testaceous, or red, with two nearly obsolete darker fasciee, one nearly central, the other subapical and outwardly bent into a right angle ; between these is a dusky dot .' the hind wings brown, with paler fringe. Near London, Darenth Wood, and New Forest, in June and July, but rare. Species 2. — Macrochila parenthesella '' — (Linnjeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1246, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 14) — Expands 8 or 9 lines ; fore wings sub-testaceous, or brownish-gray, the costa with a narrow longitudinal streak from the base to the middle, so that when the wings are closed, the insgct looks, as Linna3us says, like a short dark line, with a white edge on each side, the disc occasionally with two obscure dark dots ; hind wings brown ; head whitish. End of July, near Blackheath .and the neighbouring parts of Kent. ■■ SYNOiri-ME. — Tinea Rostrella, Hiibner. Species 3. — Macrochila marginella' — (Fabricius, &c. ; Donovan, pi. 58, fig. 2; Wood, fig. 1247, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 15) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings obscure ashy-brown, or testaceous and shining, the costal and inner margins broadly snow-white ; hind wings whitish ; head snow-white. July, in various parts of Kent where the Juniper grows. ' Synonymes. — Tinea striatella, Hiibner. Palpula clarella, Treitschke. Species 4. — Macrochila bicostella — (Linnasus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1248, and our Plate CVIII., Fig. 16) — Expands 9 or 10 lines ; fore wings lanceolate, ashy-buif, the costal margin with a white edge, behind which runs a brown rather broad streak, and with two or three minute dark dots on the disc in the middle ; hind wings whitish ; palpi brown. Taken in various parts of the south of England, Kent, Hampshire, Dorsetshire, &c., in June. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CIX. Insects. — Fig. 1. Aplota palpella (tbe dingy streak). Fig. 2. Macrocbila Robertsonella (the Robertsonian). Fig. 3. Enicostoma Thunbergana (the Tbunbergian). Fig. 4. Alabonia Geoffroj-ella (the Geoffroyiau). Fig. 5. fficophora Oliviella (tbe Oivieriau). Fig. 6. CEcophora sulpburella (the yellow underwing). Fig. 7. Adela Latreillella (the Latreillian). Fig. 8. Adela Sullzella (the SuUzian). Fig. 9. Adela Degeerella (tbe Degeerian). Fig. 10. Adela fasciella (the copper japan). Fig. 11. Adela cuprella (the scabious long-horn). Species 5. — Macrochila Eobertsonella — (Curtis, PI. 655, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 2) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings lighter or darker gray, slightly ochreous and freckled with pale brown, the costa obliquely marked with short brown lines ; the apex and posterior margin with three fine brown lines, and a few black dots on the disc. Taken among furze bushes at Wanstead flats, in July. cc2 Insects, — Fig. 12. Adela viridella (the green long-horn). „ Fig. 13. Adela Frischella (the Friscbian). „ Fig. 14. Adela Swamnierdamella (tbe Swammerdamian). „ Fig. IS. Adela Panzerella (the Panzerian). „ Fig. 16. Adela Robertella (tbe pale brown long-horn). Plant.— Fig. 17. Tbe Rock Cress. The larva and chrysalis of A. Degeerella will be found figured in Plate III. Tije whole of these insects are from tbe cabinet of Mr. Bentley. 196 BRITISH MOTHS APLOTA, Stephens. Mr. Stephens has separated the present genus from the preceding, on account of wanting the bristle-like appendage towards the apex of tlie palpi, which are elongate, diverging, clavate, compressed, and densely clothed with scales, nearly concealing the terminal joint ; the fore wings are somewhat linear, with the apical margin obliquely truncate, and the disc plain and dingy. Species 1. — Aplota palpella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1249, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 1) — Expands about ^ an inch ; fore wings brown, with a slight golden tinge produced by fine golden scales, with a double black dot before and another larger beyond the middle ; inner margin with a paler streak ; hind wings and fringe blackish. July, near Ripley. ENICOSTOMA, Stephens. The palpi are very long, recurved, and clavate, with the tip of the terminal joint exposed and naked ; the fore wings broadly sub-lanceolate, with several raised tufts of scales on the disc ; they are of dark colours, and not varied with metallic tints, as in the following groups. Species 1. — Enicostoma Thunbergana J — (Fabricius, &c. ; AVood, fig. 1250, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 3) — Expands 8 or 9 lines ; fore wings obscure ashy-brown, with two black tufts of scales on the disc before, and two smaller beyond the middle, occasionally obsolete ; hind wings rather paler. Gardens near London, and in Devonshire, in June. J Synonysie. — Tinea lobelia^ Hiibner. ALABONIA, HuBNER. ENICOSTOMA, pars Stephens (Cat.) The palpi nearly equal the body in length, and are very divergent, with the terminal joint very slender and acute ; the fore wings rather broadly lanceolate, ornamented with bright and metallic tints, and the antennae are of moderate length. Species 1. — Alabonia Geofproyella — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1251, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 4) — Expands from 8 to 10^ lines ; basal portion of the fore wings golden-yellow shaded to ochre, to the apical part, which is orange-brown ; the base with two silvery longitudinal streaks, the anterior deflexed at its extremity, and with a third silvery oblique streak arising near the middle of the costal ; beyond the middle are two large triangular whitish spots placed on the opposite margins of the wing ; hind wings brown. Common in woods and hedges about the beginning of June. (ECOPHORA, Latbeille. DASYCERA, Haworth. The palpi are longer than the head and recurved, with the terminal joint very slender, and naked ; the antennte of moderate length, with the base stout, being pilose beneath as far as the middle, beyond which they have a pale coloured ring ; the fore wings are very much deflexed when at rest, long, and rather narrow, and handsomely variegated with yellow markings. The species fly by day. Species 1.— CEcophoba Oliviella ''— (Fabricius ; Wood, fig. 1253, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 5)— xpands 6 to 8 linos ; fore wings black, with a golden tinge ; the base with a triangular yellow spot, and a AXD THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 197 transverse nearly central fascia of tlie same colour, behind which, as well as the spot, is a silvery streak ; hind wings black. Common on palings and hedges in June and July. ^ Synonyme. — Tinea dEmuhlla^ Hiibner, Species 2. — CEcophora sulphurella'— (Fabricius ; Curtis, pi. 408; "Wood, fig. 1252,* and our Plate CIX., Fig. 6) — Expands 6 A to 8 lines ; Male^ fore wings brown, with golden irrorations, with a yellow stripe on the costa, and sometimes an obscure one along the middle and a triangular yellow spot near the anal angle. Female, fore wings bluish-black, irrorated with golden scales, with the two yellow basal streaks more conspicuous, and two triangular yellow spots on the opposite margin ; hind wings in both sexes yellow, tipped with brown. I have reared this insect from the caterpillar, which is a dirty, fleshy-coloured, naked grub, with a few short hairs scattered about the body, and wliich has the power of walking about as quickly backwards as forwards : it forms a web as a covering, which is filled with excrement and bits of gnawed wood, and feeds under the bark of decayed damp stumps of trees in the winter, and the moth appears in the spring, and is common in gardens, hedges, &c. 1 Synonymes. — Tinea orioneffa, Hiibner, (male). Alucita Jlavella, Fabricius, (female). Tinea eornutella, Fabricius, (female). ADELA, Latheille. CAPILLARIA, Hawokth. The antennae are of an extraordinary length in this group, particularly in the males, which have some of the joints at the base dilated and setose ; the head is small and hairy, with the eyes large in the males, and the palpi slender and curved upwards, and hairy ; the fore wings metallic, and, when at rest, much deflexed at the sides of the body. The species fly in swarms in the sunshine in open spaces in woods. The caterpillars reside in moveable cases, and the chrysahs is inclosed in a loose elongated web, spun between the leaves. A. Species with metallic wings : — Species 1. — Adela Latreillella — (Hubner ; "Wood, fig. 1254, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 7) — Expands 3i- to 4i lines ; fore wings golden-brown, with a very short indistinct whitish interrupted fascia on the inner margin near the anal angle ; hind wings brassy-black. Taken in July in the north of England. Species 2. — Adela Sultzella"' — (Linnseus, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1255, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 8) — Expands from 5i to 7 lines ; fore wings brassy-black, obscurely streaked with yellowish radiating marks, with a nearly central transverse yellow bar, edged on each side with purple copper ; hind wings brownish brass. Taken in hedges and woods around London, New Forest, Devonshire, Suffolk. ■" Synonyme — Phalana Tinea Podieella, Linnseus ; Donovan, viii., pi. 267, fig. 3. — (Female ?). Species 3. — Adela Degeerella" — (LinuEeus, &c. ; Donovan, viii., pi. 267, figs. 1, 2; "Westwood, Ent, Text Book, pi. 5, fig. 6 ; "Wood, fig. 1256, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 9)— Expands from 7 to 8^ lines ; fore wings broNvn, with longitudinal golden radiating streaks, and with a transverse yellow fascia beyond the middle, bordered with black and silver ; hind wings dusky brass, with a slight purple tinge. Common in June, and widely dispersed. The transformation of this species was observed by Lyonnet (Rech. Post., pi. 19). The larva inhabits a flattened case formed of bits of leaves, and the chrysalis is remarkable in havincr the greatly elongated antennae coiled up in a roll at the extremity of the abdomen. See my Introd. to Mod. Class, of Ins. 2 pi. 405, figs. 112, 10, 11, 12, 13, for copies of Lyonnet's figures. " Synokyme. — Alucita striatella, Fabricius. * Wood has unfortunately transposed the names of the two species of this genus. 198 ■ BRITISH MOTHS Species 4. — Adela fasciella ° — (Fabricins, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1257, and our Plate CIX., Fie. 10) — Expands 7 or 8 lines ; fore wings golden-copper, with an indistinct blackish bar across the middle ; hind wings purplish-gold. The female has shorter antenuEe and a ferruginous head, that of the male being black. Taken in June and July, and widely dispersed, though not common. " Synonyme. — Tinea Schiffermyllerella, Hiibner. Species 5. — Adela cuprellaP — (Haworth, &c. j Wood, fig. 1258, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 11) — Measures 5 or 6 lines in expanse ; fore wings, with the fringe of all the wings shining, golden-copper ; hind wings blackish-purple ; head red. Taken in Devonshire in June. f Synonymes. — Tinea viridella, HUbner? Tinea scabiosella, Stephens.* Species 6. — Adela viridella '' — (Fabricius, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1261, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 12) — Expands 6 or 7 lines ; fore wings golden-green, and very glossy ; hind wings purple-brown, with golden-green fringe ; head black, the female with the forehead reddish. Very common in hedges and woods in May. •1 Synonyme. — Tinea sphingiella, Hiibner. Species 7- — Adela Frischella — (Linnaus ; Curtis, pi. 463 ; Wood, fig. 1262, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 1.3) — Expands from 8 to 10 lines ; fore wings shining golden-brown, with a purplish tinge on the costa and fringe, and an indistinct ovate paler spot towards the apex, dotted with black ; the antennse are rather longer in the males than in the females, and silvery or white, with the base brown ; hind wings yellowish-crimson ; fringe brown, with the base golden. Taken in May and July in Kent, Dorsetshire, and other parts of the south of England. B. Species with the wings destitute of metallic gloss : — Species 8. — Adela Swammerdamella — (Linneeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1263, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 14) — Expands 9 or 10 lines ; fore wings livid-flavescent and immaculated ; hind ones rather darker : antenns very long and whitish. Taken in ]May and June in woods, flying in swarms up and down like gnats. Species 9. — Adela Panzerella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1264, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 15) — Expands 7i lines ; fore wings pale ochre-yellow, very delicately reticulated with brown, the strijE scarcely visible to the naked eye ; the head fidvous ; antenna white. Beginning of June, in chalky districts. Species 10. — Adela Robertella "■ — (Linnasus; Wood, fig. 1265, and our Plate CIX., Fig. 16) — Expands 8 lines ; fore wings pale brownish and immaculate ; hind ones ashy-brown ; antennfe white, with the base yellowish. Beginning of June, in chalky places near Hertford and Cottingham, Yorkshire. ■■ Synonyme. — Alucita Pilella, Fabricius ; Hiibner ; Haworth. • Mr. Curtis gives the name of A. scabiosella to this species, and states that Mr. Dale possesses a species new to Britain, which he thinks will prove to be the A. cuprclla, Fabiicius, whose description is, however, too short to permit this to be determined. The Phalnsna Tinea ReaumurcUa, of Linnajus, (Wood, fig. 1259), is suggested by I\Ir. Stephens to be the male of this species. It measures about 5 lines in expanse ; aud has the fore wings golden green and shining, and the hind ones dark purple, with golden green fringe, mth the male antennae not twice the length of the wings. Mr. Curtis, on the contrary, thinks Reaumurella is the female of A. viridella. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 199 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CX. Insects. — Fig. 1. Cocbleophasia tessellea (the pale tesselateJ brown). Fig. 2. The Female. Fig. 3. Cocbleophasia pubicomis (the pale downy-horned). Fis. 4. Oporinia tortriceUa (the pale chequered). F^g. 5. Oporinia nubilea (the clouded brown). Fig. 6. Oxypate gelatella (the autumnal dagger). Fig, 7. Dasystoma sahcella (the rosy-day). Fig. 8, Cheimophila Phryganella (the drab-day). Fig. 9. Diumea Fagella (the Slarch dagger). F^g. 10. A large variety. Fig. 11. Female. Fig. 12. Diurnea Novembris (the November dagger). Fig. 13. Semioscopia Avellanella (the hazel). Fig. 14. Semioscopis Steinkelnerana (the Steinkelnerian). Fig. 15. Anesychia Echiella (the bordered Ermine). Fig. 16. Anesychia pusiella (the beautiful Ermine). Insects Fig. 17. Anesychia dodecea (the scarce Ermine). „ Fig. 18. Anesychia fuuerella (the Funereal). „ Fig. 19. Anesychia cristella. „ Fig. 20. Ypouomeuta, Evonymella (the full-spotted Ermine). „ Fig. 21. Yponomeuta irrorclla (the Surrey Ermine). „ Fig. 22. Yponomeuta coguatella (the allied Ermine). „ Fig. 23. Yponomeuta rosolla (the few-spotted Ermine). ,j Fig. 24. Yponomeuta padella (the common Ermine). „ Fig. 25. Yponomeuta plumbeUa (the Kent Ermine). The larvae of Gelatella, PlumbeUa, Padella, Echiella, and Fagella, are figured in PI. CXI. The moths, with the exception of 3, 15, 16, and 18, are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. COCHLEOPHASIA, Curtis. The palpi are short and deflexed, composed of three nearly equal joints ; the head very woolly ; the antennae of moderate length ; the wings in the male rather large and obtuse, destitute of metallic gloss, with the disc more or less tesselated. The female is short and thick, and entirely destitute of wings, with the two last joints but one of the body very woolly ; the caterpillars reside in long cylindric eases, which they bear about with them, and within which they change to pupa. Species 1. — Cocbleophasia tessellea — ( Ha worth ; Curtis, pi. 487; Wood, fig. 1266, and our Plate ex.. Figs. 1, 2.) — The male expands from 7 to 8i lines ; and has the fore wings brown, shining, and more or less mottled with ochre ; head bright ochre. The female is pitchy, with a tuft of grapsh wool near the extremity of the body. Taken about the beginning of June, in various localities. Species 2. — Cochleophasia pubicornis — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1167, and our Plate CX., Fig. 3) — Expands about 8 lines ; fore wings very pale ochre-brown, immaculate ; hind wings pale brown ; head yellow ; antennae pubescent, of the length of the body. Near London, New Forest, &c. OPORINIA, HiJBNER ; Stephens. The palpi are very short and slightly deflexed ; the antenna rather stout at the base ; the wings glossy, slightly recumbent when at rest ; the fore wings long, smooth, dusky-coloured, with darker markings, the centre ones formed of elevated scales, and the females furnished with fully developed wings. Species 1. — Oporinia Tortricella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1268, and our Plate CX., Fig. 4) — Expands 9 or 10 lines ; fore wings obscure, leaden ashy, with a short brown fascia near the base, and a second beyond the middle placed a little obliquely inwards : apical portion fuscous, with darker clouds. Taken in oak woods, early in the Spring. Species 2.— Oporlnia nubilea— (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1269, and our Plate CX., Fig. 5)— Expands 10 lines ; fore wings hoary, more or less clouded with ferruginous-brown, and with a short, narrow, rusty fascia towards the base, and a second broader, a little beyond the middle, varying in depth of colour ; apical portion ashy, clouded with rusty brown. Taken early in the Spring, in woods. s.a. 200 BRITISH JIOTHS OXYPATE, HiJBNER; Stephens. CHEIMAPHASIA, Curtis, (Ent. Mag.) The palpi are very short, dependent, and scarcely pilose ; the antennae puhescent heneath, in the naales ; the fore winss in the males are slightly decumbent, very much narrowed at the base, with the costa straight, the disc smooth and glossy, with two dark dots on the disc ; and the female has very minute wings, the tips of which are pilose. Species 1. — Oxypate gelatella — (Linnjeus, &c.; Wood, fig. 1270, and our Plate CX., Fig. 6) — The male expands from 7 to 9 lines ; ashy-brown, with a whitish faint streak in the middle of the disc, with a black dot at each end ; hind wings immaculate. The rudimental wings of the female exhibit the two black dots. Taken in December, in Hertfordshire, Hampshire, &c. DASYSTOMA, Curtis, (Ent. Mag.) The palpi in the males are densely hairy ; the antennee distinctly ciliated beneath ; the head broad and hairy ; the fore wings with the costa arched, with several veins distended. The female with the wings about half the length of the body . Species 1. — Dasystoma salicella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1271, and our Plate CX., Fig. 7) — Expands 8 or 9 lines, fore wings purplish-brown, with the costa and an irregular patch from the base to beyond the middle rosy, the latter divided by a slightly dusky fascia before and another beyond the middle, abbreviated towards the inner margin : hind wings brown. Taken in woods, in the Autumn, but not common. CHEIMOPHILA, HiJBNER. The palpi are rather long, slender, and recurved ; the antennae rather long and pubescent in the males ; the spiral tongue, as in several of the allied groups, is obsolete ; the wings smooth, glossy, and only marked with two dots placed transversely near the tips, and the females are broad and almost destitute of wings. Species 1. — Cheimophila Phbyganella^ — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1272, and our Plate CX., Fig. 8) — Expands from 10 to nearly 12 lines ,• fore wings obscure testaceous, and occasionally with a longitudinal, interrupted, almost obsolete pale streak, terminating in two dark dots placed transversely. Taken in woods, about the end of October. ^ Synonymes. — PhalcBna Tinea LicheJiella, Linnaeus ? Geometra apleraria, Haworth. DIURNEA, Haworth. The palpi are rather large, porrected obliquely, and thickly squamose, those of the females being rather longer and stouter. The antennte of the males densely pilose : the wings in the male partially lying over each other horizontally, in repose, and very long ; those of the females being shorter and acute at the tips ; the disc pale, with dark irregular markings, like letters. The perfect insects appear in the late autumnal or early Spring months. Species 1. — Diurnea Fagella — (Fabricius; Albin, pi. 36, fig. 57 a — e; Wood, fig. 1273, and our Plate ex., Figs, 9, 10, 11) — Expands from 10 to 13 lines (male), or 6 or 7 lines (female) ; fore wings whitish-bu£F, AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 201 varyino- to dark ashy, very much irrorated with dusky atoms, and with small, irregular black marks, having an abbreviated transverse streak near the base, followed by one or more black dots, another dark streak from the costa beyond the middle of the wing, and another near the apex, these being more or less obsolete. The caterpillar feeds on the aspen, and other trees, and the moth appears in March, and is found on the trunks of trees. Species 2. — Diurnea Novembris — (Haworth ; Curtis, pi. 743 ; "Wood, fig. 1274, and our Plate CX., Fig. 12) — The female expands 7 c 8 lines ; fore wings pale-brown, with white patches and scattered scales, and a longitudinal, undulating line of white from near the base to the apical margin, edged interruptedly with black. Male unknown. Foimd on the trunks of limes in various places round London, in November. SEMIOSCOPIS, HuBNER. EPIGRAPHIA, Stephens, (Catal.) The palpi are elongate, slender, and recurved, with the tip acute ; the antennae of the males pubescent ; the wings decumbent in repose ; the anterior longish, and lanceolate, of pale colours with darker letter-like markings : the females are winged, but in general smaller than the males. Species 1. — Semioscopis Avellanella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1275, and our Plate CX., Fig. 13) — Expands from 11 to 13 lines; fore wings whitish-buff varying to ashy, with darker irrorations, and a ramose- longitudinal black streak more or less interrupted, and with some black or dusky dots at the extremity of the costa and along the apical margin : rare. Taken in the Kentish Woods, in the Autumn. Species 2. — Semioscopis Steinkelnerana ' — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1276, and our Plate CX., Fig. 14) — Expands 9^ to 11 lines; fore wings ashy-brown, with a flexuous black streak on the disc more or less interrupted, and with a few brownish dots ; the apical margin also with a row of black dots ; hind wings dark ash. Taken in hedges and woods, at the end of March. ' Synonyme. — Tinea characterella., Hubner. ANESYCHIA, Hubner, Stephens. The palpi are long, slender, and curved upwards in front of the eyes, and slightly incurved, with the third joint very slender and acute ; the antennae are simple and setaceous in both sexes ; tlie fore wings linear- lanceolate, somewhat obliquely truncate on the apical margin, with the disc white or pale coloured, and marked with large black blotches. The caterpillars do not reside in communities ; they are slightly pubescent, longitudinally streaked with different colours, and the chrysalis is inclosed within an ovate-form cocoon. Species 1. — Anesychia echiella " — (Wien. Verz., &c. ; Wood, fig. 1278 ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., Plate 412,* and our Plate CX., Fig. 16, and CXI., h) — Expands 12 or 13 lines; fore-wings with the costal half mouse- coloured, except at the tip ; deeper along the middle of the wing, 'and emitting three black spots on the disc ; the extremity of the costa and apical margin, as well as the thorax, dotted with black ; inner part of the wing cream-coloured. Taken near Aylesbury and Dover in June, but very scarce. " Synonyme Alucila bipunctella, Fabricius. Species 2. — Anesychia pusiella'' — (Linnseus, &c. ; Stephens, pi. 39, fig. 3; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 412, fig. ** ; Wood, fig. 1277,* and our Plate CX., Fig. 15) — Expands from 13 to 15 lines ; fore wings cream- VOL. II. D D 202 BRITISH MOTHS coloured ; along the middle of the wing runs a black dash, sinuated on each side, terminating in an irregular oblique patch ; the apex of the costa and apical margin with a row of small black dots ; thorax dotted with black. Taken near Darenth Wood and Gravesend in June, but extremely rare.* " SvNONYME. — Tinea lithospermella, Hiibner. Species 3. — Anesychia dodecea "^ — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1279, and our Plate CX., Fig. 17) — Expands T\ to lOi lines ; fore wings leaden-whitish, with about twelve rather large irregular black spots, the largest of which are placed beyond the middle of the wing. Beaten from fir-trees at Birch Wood and Coombe, in June, but very rare. "' Synonvme. — Tinea decemguttella, Hiibner. Species 4. — Anesychia funerella — (Fabricius ? Haworth; Wood, fig. 1280, and our Plate CX., Fig. 18) — Expands ^ of an inch ; fore wings white, with two black spots at the base of the costa, and two on the opposite side ; the middle of the wing occupied by a large black blotch, connected by a narrow isthmus with the apex of the wing, which is also black. Taken at Clifton, near Bristol, by Captain Blomer. Species 5. — Anesychia cristella — (Hiibner; and our Plate CX., Fig. 19) — Expands 8 lines; head, middle of thorax, and fore wings cream- white; the latter with the costa pale brown from the base beyond the middle, with a short dark dash in the middle at the base ; a very oblique row of dark dots, in the middle followed by a large, dark, slender mark, resembling the Greek letter H reversed, and placed rather obliquely ; apex of the wings with a row of minute dark dots ; hind wings pale brown. Described from Mr. Bentley's Cabinet, and obtained by him from that of Sir. Stone. YPONOMEUTA, Fabricius. ERMINEA, Haworth. NYGMIA, Hubner. The palpi are porrected nearly horizontally, covered equally with scales ; the antennse are long and slender ; the wings large, convoluted in repose ; the fore ones long and linear, somewhat rounded at the apex, pale but marked with numerous black dots, and the caterpillars live in society beneath large webs. Species 1. — Yponomeuta evonymblla ■ — (Linnasus, &c. ; Donovan, pi. 355, fig. 4 ; Wood, fig. 1281, and our Plate CX., Fig. 20) — Expands from 8 to 12 lines ; fore wings snow-white, with about 50 minute black dots arranged in four nearly regular rows ; hind wings brown. The caterpillar is ochreous-yellow, livinor in large communities on the spindle-tree, bird-cherry, and other trees, sometimes completely stripping them of their foliage. The moth appears in July and August, and is very abundant. Species 2. — Yponomeuta irrorella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1282, and our Plate CX., Fig. 21) — Expands 11 or 12 lines; fore wings dirty- white, or tinged with clay-colour, with a large smoke-coloured spot towards the apex ; the disc with numerous black dots placed more irregularly than in the preceding. Taken in .June, at Birch and Coombe Woods, but very rare. Species 3. — Yponomeuta cognatblla ^ — (Zinck. g. Somm., &c. ; Wood, fig. 1283, and our Plate CX., Fig. 22) — Expands 10 or 12 lines; fore wings snow-white, each with about 20 black dots placed wide apart in irregular rows ; somewhat confluent in the apical portion of the wing ; hind wings silvery-ash. Taken about the beginning of July, in various places round London. ■^ Synonyme Tinea cognatella, Hubner; Cuitis. * Tlio nanus of this and the following species are unfortunately transposed in Wood's Index Entomologicua. Ti.m. # ^ i ^ I AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 203 Species 4. — Yponomeuta rorella — (Hiibner ; Albin, pi. 70, fig. a — d; Wood, fig. 1284, and our Plate ex., Fig. 23) — Expands about 9 lines ; fore wings snow-white, with from 20 to 30 small black dots, almost arranged in rows, the apical margin being destitute of the smaller dots ; hind wings leaden-coloured. Tliis may possibly be a variety of the former, in company with which it is found. Species 5. — Yponomeuta Padella * — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1285, and our Plate CX., Fig. 24, and CXI., g.) — Measures from 10 to 12 lines ; fore wings white, livid or leaden-coloured, with about 30 minute black dots wide apart, and arranged in rows towards the base of the wings, but irregular beyond the middle ; those towards the apical margin in transverse series ; hind wings leaden-coloured. Caterpillar dirty-ash, dotted with black : it feeds on the whitethorn and apple, living gregariously in a common web, and defoliating the trees sometimes to a vast extent, as described in my article upon its habits, in Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine^ vol. xiii., p. 133. ' Synonyme. — PhaitBna evonymelta, Donovan, pi, 9 ; Wilkes, pi. 5 ; Harris (Aurelian), p). 3, fig. k — m. Species 6. — Yponomeuta plumbella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1286, and our Plate CX., Fig. 25, and CXI., d.) — Expands 8 or 9 lines ; fore wings leaden- white, with numerous small black dots, one of which in the middle is larger than the rest, and brownish ; the apex also with a rounded brownish spot ; hind wings brown. Taken in July and August in hedges, in various parts of the South of England, but not common. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXI. Insects. -Fig. 1 n Fig. 2 w Fig. 3 » Fig. 4 » Fig. 5 » Fig. 6 »» Fig. 7 n Fig. 8 „ Fig. 9. „ Fig. 10 SJ Fig. 11 35 Fig. 12. 33 Fig. 13 33 Fig. 14. 33 Fig. 15 33 Fig. 16 33 Fig. 17 Telea Curtisella (the Curtisian). Telea Ambiguella (the small brown bar). Telea Crata?gella (the whitethorn bar). Telea Leucatella (the small white bar), Telea Comptella (the peacock's feather). Telea Lutarella (the muddy ermine). Telea Subfasciella (the slight barred), Telea Cajsiella (the purple-edged). Ederesa Semifusca (the long-winged white-back), Ederesa Mendicella (the purple white-back). Ederesa Albistria (the purple white-streak). Ederesa pruniella (the white-back). Ederesa tetrapodella (the blotched white-back). Ederesa semipurpurella (the half-purple). Ederesa Curvella (the brindled white-back ermine). Ederesa C'lematella (the barred- white). Ederesa Ossea (the cream-coloured). Insects. — Fig, 18. Ederesa OccUea (the eyed white-back). „ Fig. 19. ArgjTosetia Gcedartella (the Ga:dartian). „ Fig. 20. Argjrosetia semifasciella (the short gold-bar), „ Pig. 21. Argyrosetia Brockella (the gold T\\.) „ Fig. 22. Argyrosetia literella (the Greek-lettered gold). „ Fig. 23. Argyrosetia Aurivitella (the golden riband). „ Fig. 24. Argyrosetia Aurifasciella (the gold-banded), J, Fig, 25. Argyrosetia I. V. ella (the gold IV.) The larvae distinguished by letters belong to insects figured in Plates CIX. and CX. a, the caterpillar of Degcerella, in Plate CIX, ; b, the cocoon ; c, the chrysalis ; d, the cat. of plumbella, in Plate CX. ; e, the cat. of Gelatella, in Plate CX. ; /, the cat. of Fagella, in Plate CX. ; g, the cat. of Padella, in Plate CX. ; h, the cat. of Echiella, in Plate CX, The insects figured in this Plate, with the exception of 7, 13, 22, 23, and 24, from Wood's Index, are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. The caterpillars are from Hiibner and Fischer. Species 7. — Yponomeuta sedella — (Hiibner, Imhofi^, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 1) — Expands 8 or 9 lines ; fore wings of a pale bluish grey, with a few black dots arranged in rows ; the apical portion clear, except a short transverse black streak near the apical margin. The caterpillar is greyish-white, with the sides yellow, and the segments dotted with black. It feeds on Sedella telephium. The perfect insect was detected last summer by J. F. Stephens, Esq., near Peckham. TELEA, Stephens. The palpi in this group are slender and slightly ascending, incurved, and divaricating with the terminal joint long, and slender ; the antennae are slender, and alike in both sexes, and the fore wings are convoluted iu repose, sublinear ; generally of pale colours, with dark transverse fascise, or simply coloured, with a darker D d2 204 BRITISH MOTHS roundish patch at the apex. Tlie species are much smaller than the Yponomeutas, and approach those of the genus Anacampsis. Species 1. — Telea CnRTiSELLA'' — (Donovan, 2, pi. 65, fig. 4, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1287, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 1) — Expands 8 lines; fore wings snow-white, the base irrorated with brown ; the costa, from the base to the middle, black, where it is dilated into an abbreviated trigonate fascia ; apical margin snow-white, with some confluent black dots ; hind wings leaden-brown ; variable in the depth of its colours. Taken in hedges, in June and July. Synonyme Tinea ctEnobitella, Hiibner. Species 2. — Telea ambiguella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1288, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 2) — Expands 6 or 7 lines ; fore wings yellowish, with a complete broad, dark, central fascia ; dilated towards the costa ; obscurely dotted with brown ; hind wings brownish-white. Very rare ; taken in woods, in July. Species 3. — Telea crat^gella — (Linnseus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1289, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 3) — Expands from 5 to 7 lines ; fore wings whitish, with ashy or brownish clouds, and with two rather broad dusky fasciae running across the wings, and a third abbreviated at the apex ; hind wings ashy-grey. The caterpillar feeds on the whitethorn and pear. Taken in the New Forest and elsewhere, in July. Species 4. — -Telea leucatella — (LinuEeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1290, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 4) — Expands 6 or 7 lines ; fore wings blackish, with two fascias ; the anterior broad, white, and semi-orbicular ; the hinder narrower and more ashy-coloured, but minutely dotted with black ; the disc with three or four black dots ; palpi elongate, and divaricating ; antennse annulated with white. The caterpillar feeds on fruit-trees. The moth is common in gardens in June. Species 5. — Telea comptella '' — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1291, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 5) — Expands 6 or 7 lines ; fore wings narrow, ashy, obscurely atomose, and with a subocellated rosy-copper spot close to the apex, with a brown iris ; hind wings brownish. Taken in hedges and woods, in June. •^ Synonyme. — PhalcBna Tinea apiella^ Donovan, 2, pi. 57, fig. 3. Species 6. — Telea lutarell a— (Hiibner? Haworth; Wood, fig. 1292, and om- Plate CXI., Fig. 6) — Expands from 5 to 7 lines ; fore wings ashy-clay-coloured, with darker, almost obsolete dots, and with a small whitish streak close to the apex of the wing ; hind wings pale-brown ; fringe coppery in certain lights. Taken in woods and gardens about the end of June, and not uncommon. Species 7. — Telea subfasciella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1293, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 7) — Expands 5 or 5^ lines ; fore wings " ashy-brown, with darker atoms ; the apex with a dusky cloud, and the disc with faint fuscous fascia ; head pale ; thorax fuscous." Darenth Wood, in June. Species 8.— Telea c^siella— (Hiibner; Haworth; Wood, fig. 1294, and our Plate CXI, Fig. 8)— Expands 5 or 6 lines ; fore wings ashy-brown, with dusky atoms ; the apical margin and fringe purple ; hind wings whitish, brownish behind ; head and thorax ashy-white. Common in hedges and woods. EDERESA, Curtis. ISMENE, Stephens, (Illustr.) The head has a dense tuft on the crown ; the antenna are long and slender ; the palpi more or less drooping, divaricating, and slender, of moderate length, with the third joint not thinner than the preceding ; the wings long and narrow, almost cylindric in repose, the fore ones being elliptic-hmceolate, with the AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 205 costa arched, the apex rounded, and the disc anteriorly dark and posteriorly of light colours ; the fringe of the hind wings is very long, extending all round the wing. Species 1. — Ederesa semifusca •' — (Haworth, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1295, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 9) — Expands about i an inch ; fore wings narrow, brown, with a fringe of purple, with the inner margin broadly white, which is divided into two parts by a straight abbreviated brown fascia ; the costa minutely dotted with white, and a larger triangular one near the tip ; hind wings shining, leaden-coloured, with very deep fringe. Common in hedges, &c., about the beginning of June. ^ Synonvme. — PhaliBua Tinea pruniella, Turton ; Donov., 2, pi. 58, pi. 59, fig. 2. Species 2. — Ederesa mendicella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1296, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 10) — Expands nearly ^ an inch ; fore wings ashy-brown, with a purplish tinge ; the costa strongly dotted with white ; the inner margin with a white streak, divided in the middle by an abbreviated square brovvn fascia, placed transversely ; hind wings brown. Common in gardens and hedges. Species 3. — Ederesa albistria — (Haworth, &o. ; Wood, fig. 1297, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 11) — Expands from 4^ to 6 lines ; fore wings fulvous, or fulvous-purplish, with a white streak on the inner margin not extending to the anal angle, and interrupted in the middle with brown ; hind wings brown. Taken in woods, in June. Species 4. — Ederesa pruniella ^ — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1298, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 12) — Expands 5 or 6 lines ; fore wings grayish-yellow, with the costa dotted with white, and a white streak preceded by a dark dash along the inner margin, divided in the middle by an oblique purplish-brown fascia ; hind vyings brown. Common in woods, in June and July. e Synonyme. — AlueUa ephippella^ Fabricius. Species 5. — Ederesa tetrapodella — (Linnseus, &c. ; Wood, Fig. 1299, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 13)^-' Expands nearly \ an inch ; fore wings gray, a longitudinal snow-white streak on the inner margin, interrupted towards the anal angle by a brown lunule ; hind wings leaden-brown and glossy. Gardens in June. Species 6. — Ederesa semipitrpubella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1300, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 14, but not of Curtis) — Expands 65 lines ; fore wings elongate, purplish-brown, immaculate ; the inner margin with a broad snow-white streak, slightly interrupted in the middle, and narrowed towards the anal angle ; hind wings brown. Species 7- — Ederesa semitestacella ^ — (Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 719; Wood, fig. 1301?) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings fulvous, slightly mottled, with a slight violet tinge ; three whitish dots at the apex of the costa, and an attenuated dash of the same on the inner margin, not extending beyond the middle ; hind wings pale leaden-coloured ; fringe of fore wings with two curved brown lines at the base. New Forest, &c., in June. ' Synonyme. — Ed. semipurpureila^ Cui-t. v.ir., but not of Stepbens. ■Species 8. — Ederesa curvella — (LinuEeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1302, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 15) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings silky-white, slightly powdered with brown striolas with the apical margin brownish, and a brownish arch in the middle varying in strength ; hind wings lanceolate, leaden-brown, and very glossy, with very deep fringe. Gardens and marshy places, near osiers and willows, in June and July. 206 BRITISH MOTHS Species 9. — Edebesa clematella ° — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1303, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 16) — Expands .') or 6 lines ; fore wings snow-white, glossy, with a short black streak at the base ; an oblique, very angulated, blackish fascia, and one or two black dots at the apex of the wings ; hind wings ashy. Variable in the extent of the black markings as well as the ground-colour of the fore wings. The caterpillar feeds on the clematis, and the moth appears in July. Darenth, Ripley, &c. ^ Synonymes. — Tinea arcelJa^ Fabricius? Tinea repandella, HUbner ? Species 10. — Ederesa ossea — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1304, 1306?) — Expands about 5 lines; fore wings cream-coloured, shining with a silvery gloss, with an abbreviated streak at the base, and an oblique, very slender, and very short one on the inner margin, of a luteous colour ; fringe dirty-yellowish ; hind wings leaden- brown and glossy ; fringe of the same colour ; the streaks are sometimes almost obsolete. Taken in woods, in .June and July. Species 11. — Ederesa ocellea — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1305, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 18) — Expands 4i lines ; fore wings shining, bone-white or cream-coloured, slightly silvery, sprinkled with ochreous-white ; the apex with a lutescent dot, surrounded by a white circle and a lutescent outer one ; hind wings fuscous. Darenth Wood, June ; very rare. ARGYROSETIA, Stephens. These insects are closely allied to the preceding, having slender drooping ])alpi, not bent backwards, with the terminal joint not longer than the others ; long, narrow-lanceolate, convoluted wings, and slender antennae ; but the fore- wings are adorned with metallic fascite, resembling letters, and the fringe of the fore wings is very long next the anal angle. Species 1. — Argyrosetia Gosdartella'i — (Linnaus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1307, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 19) — Expands 5 or 6 lines ; fore wings silvery-white, with broad golden-red fasciae, resembling the letters lYT, with a silvery dot at the tip ; hind wings leaden ; the golden marks of the fore wings are sometimes difiiised almost over the entire surface. Taken in birch- woods about the end of June. ^ Synonyme. — Phalcsna semiargentella, Donov. 2, pi. 65, 6gs, '2, 3. Species 2. — Argyrosetia semifasciella — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1308, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 20) — Expands about 6 lines ; fore wings silvery, with three pale-golden abbreviated fascise on the inner margin ; the first very oblique from the middle of the base nearly to the middle of the inner margin, the second in the middle obliquely directed towards the apex, and the third a mere dot at the anal angle. Variable in the extent of the fascias. In woods, about the end of June ; beaten from the sallow by Mr. Bentley. Species 3. — Argyrosetia brockella ' — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1309, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 21) — Expands 5 or 6 lines j fore wings silvery, with golden burnished-red fasciae, forming the letters IW, with a silver dot at the apex ; hind wings leaden, with golden-brown fringe ; head and thorax white. In woods, at the end of June. ' Synonyme. — Tinea /-fF-eWa, Hawortli. Species 4. — Argyrosetia literella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1310, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 22) — Expands about 5^ lines ; fore wings silvery, with a golden gloss, and with golden fascia not reaching the costa, formed like the letters 1, a short-tailed y, and the Greek H ; hind wings leaden, with golden-brown fringe ; head and thorax fulvescent. Rare ; taken in woods, in June. PI. 112. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. i207 Species 5. — Argtrosetia aurivitella — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1311, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 23) — Expands 5 — 5 5 lines ; fore wings silvery, with a broad sinuated golden ribbon running from the base to the tip of the wing (nearly occupying the whole of it), and having a silvery dot at the apex ; hind wings leaden. Very rare ; taken in woods, in June. Species 6. — Argyrosetia aurifasciella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1312, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 24) — Expands 5i lines ; fore wings silvery, "with an interrupted, broad, irregular shining coppery-gold streak, composed, as it were, of an oblique band near the base, detached from the otlier portion by an extremely brilliant silvery line ; then a second very broad transverse streak, extending from the costa to the inner margin, and conneeted with a third, which occupies the margin portion of the apex." Darenth Wood, in June. In Mr. Stephens's collection. Species 7- — ARGyRosEXiA I-V-ella — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1313, and our Plate CXI., Fig. 25) — Expands oj lines ; fore wings silvery, the costa slightly yellow, a bar nearly across the middle of the wing, which is connected on its anterior extremity with a broad V-like mark, extending to the apex. Woods in June, but very rare. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXII. Insec . — Fig. 1. Argyroraiges Blancardella (the Blancardiaa). Fig. 2. ArgjTomiges Schreberella (the Schreherian). Fig. 3. Argyromiges Cydoniella (the bright speckled gold). Fig. 4. Argyromiges Klemannella (the Kleniannian). Fig, 5. Argyromiges Mespilella (the silver spotted gold). Fig. 6. Argyromiges Raiella (the Rayian). Fig, 7. Argyromiges tristrigella (the treble spotted gold). Fig. 8, Argyromiges trifasciella (the tawny treble bar). Fig. 9. Argyromiges Harrisella (the Harrisian). Fig. 10. Argyromiges CramercUa (the Cramcrian). Fig. II. Argyromiges hortella (the porcelaiu). Fig. 12. Argyromiges sylvella (the dark porcelain). Fig. 13. Argyromiges cuculipenella (the cuckoo's feather). Fig. 14. Argyromiges Corylifoliella (the hazel red). Fig. 15. Argyromiges Ulmifoliella (the elm red). Fig. 16. Argyromiges Alnifoliella (the alder red). Fig. 17. Argyromiges Obscurella (the dull red). Fig. 18. Argyromiges rufipunctella (the red and white barred). Fig. 19. Argyromiges Autumnella (the autumnal). Fig. 20. Argyromiges Nivella (the snowy). Fig. 21. Argyromiges semiaurclla (the pale gold dot). Fig. 22. Argyromiges unipunctella (the simple dot). Fig. 23. Argyromiges Spartifoliella (the golden dot). Fig. 24. Argyromiges Clerckella (the Clerckian). Fig. 25. Heribeia Haworthana (the Haworthian). Fig. 26. Heribeia humerella (the shoulder stripe). Fig. 27. Heribeia Forsterella (the Fosterian). Fig. 28. Heribeia simplieiella (the simple shoulder stripe). Fig. 29. Heribeia C'ognatella (the allied shoulder stripe) Fig. 30. Microsetia Sub-bistrigella (the double silver bar). Insects. — Fig. 31, Microsetia Obsoletella (the obscure dot). ,, Fig. 32. Microsetia exiguella (the small dot). „ Fig. 33. Microsetia Cinereo-punctella (the grey dotted brown). ,, Fig. 34. Microsetia stipella (the triple gold spotted). ,, Fig. 35. Microsetia guttella (the white spotted sable). ,, Fig. 36. Jlicrosetia quadrella (the silver spotted sable). ,, Fig. 37. Microsetia sequella (the silver blotched). ., Fig. 38. Microsetia pulchella (the small argent and sable). ,, Fig. 39. Microsetia bella (the beautiful argent and sable). „ Fig. 40. Microsetia nigrella (the small double silver bar). „ Fig, 41, Microsetia trimaculella (the cream spotted sable). ,, Fig. 42. Microsetia sub-bimaculella (the brown spotted sable). ,, Fig. 43. Microsetia nigrociliella (the black edged sable). „ Fig. 44. Microsetia unifasciella (the silver barred brown j. „ Fig. 45. Microsetia mediofasciella (the central silver bar). „ Fig. 46. Microsetia postieella (the pigmy silver bar). „ Fig. 47. Microsetia aurella (the diamond barred pigmy). „ Fig. 48. Microsetia floslactella (the creamy pigmy). „ Fig. 49. Microsetia atricapitella (the black-headed pigmy). „ Fig. 50. Microsetia ruficapitella (the red-headed pigmy). „ Fig. 51. Microsetia violacella (the violet pigmy). . „ Fig. 52. Microsetia pygmseella (the least pigmy). „ Fig. 53. Microsetia sericiella (the satin pigmy). „ Fig. 54. Microsetia aurofasciella (the gold banded). „ Fig. 55. Microsetia Gliechella (the Gleichian). „ Fig. 56. Microsetia Pfeifferella (the four spotted gold). The insects in this plate are from the Cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of Nos, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 22, 28, 29, 30, 34, 39, 43, 44, 49, and 54, from Fisher, Hubner, Wood, and other sources. ARGYROMIGES, Curtis, These insects have drooping palpi, with the last joint longest, thickest, and acute at the tip ; the antennae are as long as the wings, and slender, and the fore wings are linear, sublanceolate, often marked with golden or 20S BRITISH MOTHS silvery spots, strongly friuged on the inner margin and apex, the hind wings are also very narrow, but with very long fringe. The caterpillars have 6 pectoral, 8 abdominal, and 2 anal feet. Species 1. — Argyromiges Blancardella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1314, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 1) — Expands 3| — 4 lines ; fore wings golden and shining, with a silver longitudinal line at the base united with the silvery margin of the thorax, four dots on the costa and three on the inner margin, all beyond the middle and silvery, the tip with a tawny streak, hind wings silvery. Taken in woods about the end of Hay. Species 2. — Argyromiges schrebrella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1315 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 2) — Expands 3 lines ; fore wings golden ; tlie base, two fascia in the middle, and two dots on the opposite margins near the apex, of glossy silver ; hind wings silvery-ashy. Rare ; hedges and woods in May. Species 3. — Argyromiges cydoniella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1316; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 3) — Expands 3 lines ; fore wings golden, with a line at the base, and eight dots placed in pairs on the opposite margins, all of pure white ; hind wings pale ashy. Our Pyrus cydonia, in gardens, &c., in Slay. Species 4. — Argyromiges klemannella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1317; and our Plate CXII., Fig 4) — Expands 3^ lines ; fore wings shining golden, with two entire silver streaks towards the base, and two beyond the middle, interrupted in the middle, and nearly confluent ; the tip of the wing with a black dot. In woods and hedges in May. Species 5. — Argyromiges mespilella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1318; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 5) — Expands 4 — 4i lines ; fore wings fulvous-golden, with a slender silver line at the middle of the base, and seven marginal suboblique comma-like marks placed in pairs on the opposite margins (the seventh excepted), and aU silvery ; the inner margin silvery, as far as the middle ; the opposite silver spots are sometimes confluent. In hedges, about the end of May. Species 6. — Argyromiges rajella — (Linnaus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1319; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 6) — Expands 3 — 3| lines ; fore wings golden-brown, with three pairs of silvery spots on the opposite margins, the middle ones often confluent, forming a transverse fascia ; the apex of the wing with a dusky cloud. Common in gardens in May. Species 7- — Argyromiges tristrigella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1320 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 7) — Expands 3h lines ; head, antennse, and palpi golden-silver ; fore wings tawny-gold, with a straight fascia before, a second in the middle, and a third beyond the middle, all equidistant and golden-silvery ; hind wings leaden-brown. In woods at the end of May. Species 8. — Argyromiges trifasciella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1321 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 8) — Expands 3f lines ; head tawny, with a snow-white forehead ; fore wings dark fulvous, with three brown equidistant nearly straight fascicB, brown outwardly, whitish-gold, the third furcate near the anal angle ; the tip of the wing with a brown oblong spot ; hind wings lea den- brown. Rare ; in woods in May. Species 9. — Argyromiges harrisella — (Linnreus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1322; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 9) — Expands 3^ — 5 lines ; fore wings golden-silvery, variegated, with the tip obtuse, and having a subocellated brownish spot with a central black dot ; hind wings ashy-white. Common in May and June, in woods. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 209 Species 10. — j^rgyromiges cramerella' — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1.323 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 10) — Expands 3^ — 4 lines; fore wings silvery -white, with three pairs of oblique brown marginal lineolas beyond the middle of the wing, and a black subocellated dot at the apex. Common in gardens and hedges about the end of Slay. The caterpillar feeds within an oak-leaf, devouring the parencliyma ; the chrysalis working its way through the lower surface of the leaf when the perfect insect is ready to burst forth. i Synonymes. — Tinea PrunifoHella, l-\i\hner. Phalana Tinea Bonnetella, Linnaeus ? Species 11. — Argyromiges hortella •— (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1324 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 11) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings of shining silver, with tliree oblique yellow fascia, the third interrupted ; the apex with a short black line ; hind wings glossy wliite. Taken in woods and gardens, about the end of May. 1 Synonyms. — Pkal. Tinea CramereUa, Donovan, x. pi. 392, fig. 1 ? but not of other authors. Species 12. — Argyromiges sylvella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1325 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 12) — Expands 3f lines ; fore wings wliite, with two ashy fascia*, one near the base, and the second rectangular in the middle, both edged with brown ; towards the extremity of the wing is a gray cruciform mark, indistinctly edged with brown, and at the apex is a minute ashy ocellus, with a brown iris and an oblong longitudinal black pupil ; hind wings ashy-whitish. Taken at the end of May, in woods. Species 13. — Argyromiges cucdlipennei-la — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1326 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 13) — Expands S\ — 4 lines ; head snow-white ; fore wings hoary, with oblique brown streaks placed at equal distances apart, namely, 3 or 4 on the costal and 2 or 3 on the inner margin, the inner ones occasionally confluent ; at the apex is also a short black streak. Woods in May. Species 14. — Argyromiges cory'LIfoliella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1327 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 14) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings red, with a very slender yellowish streak from the base to beyond the middle, followed by two other oblique ones on the opposite margins in the middle, confluent on the disc, forming a Greek y, and occasionally, beyond this, one or two very slender paleHineolae ; hind wings brown. Found in woods, about the end of May. Species 15. — Argyromiges ulmifoliella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1328; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 15) — Expands 3^ — 4 lines ; fore wings red, with darker clouds, and a very slight whitish streak at the base, an angulated but almost obsolete pale streak in the middle, and another at the apex ; hind wings reddish ash. Taken near London, in June. Species 16. — Argyromiges alnifoliella — (Hiibner, &c. : Wood, fig. 1329 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 16) — Expands 3^ lines ; fore wings dull red, with two slender whitish streaks on the disc, and another at the apex like the figure 8 with the top cut off ; hind wings reddish ash. Taken in woods about the beginning of June. Species 17. — Argyromiges obscurella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1330 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 17) — Expands 3^ lines ; fore wings dull testaceous, with some very obsolete whitish streaks beyond the middle, and a few palish dots at the tip of the costa ; the inner margin whitish at the base. Coombe Wood, beginning of June. Species 18. — Argyromiges rufipunctella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1331 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 18) — Expands 3| lines; fore wings ashy, with two or three equidistant fascias : the first, towards the base, VOL. II. ee 210 BRITISH MOTHS almost obsolete ; the second in the middle, formed of a white spot, a smaller black one, and a red one, more or less connected together ; the third fascia is subapical, and resembles the second ; hind wings leaden-brown. Hedges in Kent, about the end of May, but rare. Species 19. — Argyromiges Autumnella — (Curtis B. E., pi. 284, Wood, fig. 1332, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 19) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings white, with a brown longitudinal dash, dilated at each end at the extremity of the wing ; the costa, with four small blackish triangular marks ; a black apical dot, below which is small spot and a black ray ; hind wings shining brown. The caterpillar is pale green, and is found on the elm in the autumn : when full grown it forms an oval cocoon, which it attaches by a few threads from the corners, like a hammock, to the under side of the leaf. The moth is found at the same time as the caterpillar. Species 20. — Argyromiges nivella '' — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1333, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 20) — Expands 4 lines; fore wings " snow-white, with a large fuscescent cloud at the apex, adjoining to which are 3 or 4 dark, somewhat radiating streaks, and at the extreme apex a minute black dot;"' hind wings ashy brown, head snowy. Found in woods and forests at the beginning of June. 1 SvNoNVME. — Tinea cerasifoliella, Hiilmer. Species 21. — Argyromiges semiaurella^ — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1334, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 21) — Expands 3 lines ; fore wings " of a somewhat shining golden hue ; the apex darkish, with about 3 obscure deeper golden streaks, forming a radiated figure, at the apex of which is a minute dusky dot ;" hind wings with a shining golden tinge. Found in the New Forest and elsewhere, in June. Species 22. — Argyromiges unipunctella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1335, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 22) — Expands 2i to 3 lines ; fore wings shining silvery snow-white, with a few radiating golden streaks at the extremity of the wing, and an apical black dot ; hind wings and head snow-white. Taken in woods about the beginning of June. Species 23. — Argyromiges Spaetipoliella ' — (Hiibner ; Wood, fig. 1336, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 23) — Expands 3i to 4 lines ; all the wings silvery, the fore ones with seven oblique brown costal streaks, connected together and radiating towards the extremity ; the four anterior having an intervening gold dash, and a convex golden spot at the anal angle, which is black at each side in certain positions. Taken in places where broom abounds, about the beginning of June. i SynonyiMe. — Tinea panctaurella, Haworth. Species 24. — Argyromiges Clerckella — (Linn^us, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1337, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 24) — Expands 2i to 4 lines ; fore wings shining silver, the apical part tawny-gold, with a white costal margin, divided by four or six radiating brown stripes, and with a round black spot at the anal angle ; hind wings silvery. Rare in woods about the beginning of June. HERIBEIA, Stephens. The palpi are short, ascending, and not divaricating; the terminal joint longer than the preceding; the antennae rather short ; the head clothed with smooth imbricated scales, and the fore wings slightly convoluted in repose ; elongate triangular, with around spot at the apex; the disc generally of dark colours; the extremity of the costa marked with several short, slender silvery lines. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 211 Species L— Heribeia Haworthana— (Stephens, 111., pi. 39, fig. 2; Wood, fig. 1338, and our Plate CXI I., Fie. 25) — Expands from 5i to 7 lines ; fore wings golden brown, with a recurved lunule of white arising from the middle of the inner margin, and extending towards the apex, followed by about five slender silvery white streaks from the costa, the first extended towards the inner margin ; the anal angle with silvery scales, and the apex with a black dot, surrounded by a white circle ; hind wings brownish grey. Taken near Birmingham in June. Species 2. — Heribeia humerella — (Hubner ; Wood, fig. 1339, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 26) — Expands Si to 4 lines ; fore wings golden brown, with a streak at the base of the costa, a curved white streak in the middle of the inner margin, and five marginal streaks, all of silvery white ; the extremity of the costa with a black dot, having a silvery pupil ; hind wings dusky. Taken in woods at the end of May. Species 3. — Heribeia Forsterella — (Fabricius; Wood, fig. 1340, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 27) — Expands 3^ to 3^- lines ; fore wings golden brown, the base immaculate, in the middle of the inner margin is a silvery arch, and beyond this five marginal silvery strigse ; the tip with a black dot, having a silvery pupil. Taken in woods at the end of May. Species 4. — Heribeia Simpliciella ' — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1341, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 28) — Very similar to the last (and probably only a variet)' of it), but wanting the curved silvery bar at the middle of the inner margin. Taken at Coombe and elsewhere at the end of May. i Synonyme. — Tinea Fosterella^ variety (Haworth). Species 5. — Heribeia Cognatella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1342, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 29) — Expands 3 lines ; fore wings golden-brown, towards the extremity of the costa are four oblique faint silvery streaks ; hind wings pale ashy-brown. Taken at Darenth Wood in June. MICROSETIA, Stephens. This genus, as the name implies, contains a group of exceedingly minute, indeed the most minute, Lepidopterous insects : the palpi are rather long, slender, and somewhat divaricating and incurved ; the terminal joint more slender, and shorter than the preceding ; the antennas short and simple ; the head with a slight tuft : and the wings convoluted in repose ; the fore ones elongate, somewhat linear, of dark or black colours, with a pale streak near the base, and another (interrupted) towards the apex of the wings ; the fringe of all the wings is very deep. Species I. — Microsetia sub-bistrigella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1343 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 30) — Expands 5^ lines ; fore wings black or blackish, with a straight linear fascia before, and another beyond the middle almost interrupted, both snow-white, silvery, or pale lutescent, the latter sometimes continuous, and slightly curved ; hind wings dusky black. Taken in woods at the beginning of June. . Species 2. — Microsetia obsoletella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1344, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 31) Expands 5^ lines ; fore wings black, with a nearly obsolete slender fascia across the middle of the wing of ashj'- white, and a faint yellowish spot near the apex of the costa : hind wings dusky-black. Taken in June, at Ripley. E E 2 212 BRITISH MOTHS Species 3. — Microsetia exiguella — (Fabricius ? "Wood, fig. 1345, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 32) Expands 3^ to 4^ lines ; fore wings black, with a transverse central fascia, and a spot near the apex of the costa, and another opposite on the anal angle, all ashy : hind wings and head black. Taken in woods about the beginning of June. Species 4. — Microsetia cinereo-punctella — (Haworth, &c.j Wood, fig. 1.346, and our Plate 'CXII. Fig. 33) — Expands 3^ to 4 lines ; fore \vings black, the anterior with an obsolete ashy transverse streak from the costa nearly to the inner margin, and with an ashy dot at the anal angle and another near the apex, both more or less obsolete : head snow-white. Woods, Kent, at the end of May. Species 5. — Microsetia Stipella — (Hiibner, &c.; Wood, fig. 1347, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 34) Expands 3| lines ; fore wings brown, with three fine large gold spots arranged in a triangle, one on the middle of the inner, and the two others on the costal margin : head white. Taken in woods, in Kent, in May. Species 6. — Microsetia gdttell a— (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1348, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 35) — Expands 4 to 4| lines ; head yellow ; fore wings shining, pitchy-black or black, with four snow-white marginal spots arranged in opposite pairs, the two anterior almost confluent, with a fascia preceding, and the two others more remote beyond the middle of the wing : hind wings black. Taken in woods about the beginning of June. t Species 7- — Microsetia quadrella — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1349, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 36) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings black, with four silvery white spots placed obliquely in opposition to each other on the margins in pairs, the anterior pair sometimes united by a silvery line ; hind wings brown ; head white. Taken in gardens and woods at the end of May. Species 8. — Microsetia sequella — (Haworth &c. ; Wood, fig. 1350, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 37) — Expands 3J to 3^ lines ; fore wings black, with a broad, pure white fascia before the middle, a minute spot in the middle of the inner margin and a large costal dot placed nearer the tip, also with silvery white atoms towards the apical margin ; hind wings brownish. Taken in hedges and woods at the end of May. Species 9. — Microsetia pulchella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1351, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 38) — Expands 3-1 lines ; fore wings deep black, with a broad white stripe along the inner margin at the base, a splendid silver straight central fascia united to the stripe, and two silvery oblique spots, one on the costa and one on the inner margin, the former nearer to the apex : hind wings whitish ; head and anal tuft white. Taken in the Kentish woods in June, but rare. Species 10. — Microsetia sella — (Stephens, lUustr. ; Wood, fig. 1352, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 39) — Expands 3^ lines ; fore wings deep velvet black, with a broad, incurved, snowy, silvery fascia before the middle, and a rather large triangular spot near the apex of the same hue ; hind wings brown ; head and front of the thorax silvery white. Taken in Scotland, in June. Species 11.— Microsetia nigrell a— (Hiibner, &c.; Wood, fig. 1353, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 40)— Expands 3^ lines ; fore wings black or deep black, with two silvery, somewhat oblique, divaricating fascije, one before and the other, occasionally interrupted, beyond the middle : hind wings leaden-brown, shining. Taken in woods, in June. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 213 Species 12. — Microsetia trimaculella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1354, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 41) — Expands 2| lines ; fore wings black, with a very broad, lutescent, emarginate streak extending from the base nearly to the middle, and two nearly confluent, yellowish marginal blotches on the opposite margins, near the extremity of the wings : hind wings blackish. Taken in gardens, and on the trunks of poplars, at the beginning of July, but rare. Species 13. — Microsetia sttb-bimaculella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1355, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 42)^ — Expands 2^ lines; fore wings black, with the base whitish, and two oblique, opposed, nearly confluent silvery spots, one on the middle of the inner margin, and the other more anteriorly on the costa ; hind wings leaden-black, head fulvous or white. Taken in hedges or gardens at the beginning of July. Species 14. — Microsetia nigrociliella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1356, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 43) — Expands 2i lines ; fore wings black, with two slightly silvery marginal spots, one about the middle of the costa, and the other towards the anal angle ; fringe dusky black, hind wings dusky. Taken near London in July. Species 15. — Microsetia unipasciella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1357, find our Plate CXII., Fig. 44) — Expands 3i lines ; fore wings pale silken brown, with a straight, almost central, silvery fascia ; hind wings brown, with very long pale brown fringe. Taken in the Kentish woods in June, but very rare. Species 16. — Microsetia mediopasciella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1358, and our Plate, CXII. Fig. 45) — Expands 21 lines, very similar to the last, with black fore wings and a silvery fascia nearer the centre, and slightly interrupted ; hind wings broad and leaden-black. Taken in June near London, &c. Species 17- — Microsetia posticella"" — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1359, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 46) — Expands 2i lines ; fore wings silken, silvery brown, with a golden-silvery fascia from the costa nearly to the anal angle, beyond which in certain lights the wings are purplish brown ; hind wings very pale brown. Taken near London, &c., in July. ' Synonyme. — Tinea Hubnerella^ HUbner. Species 18. — Microsetia aurella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1360, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 47) — Expands \\ to 2- lines; fore wings golden-brown, and very brilliant, with a silvery or golden-silvery fascia beyond the middle, the space beyond being black, with a purple, coppery, or violet tinge. Common in hedges in -June. Species 19. — Microsetia floslactella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1361, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 48) — Expands 3 lines ; fore wings pale flavescent, with a large, irregular, central fascia-like mark, and another somewhat rounded near the tip, of violet-black, extending from the costa to the inner margin : fringe yellowish- white : hind wings leaden-brown, silky, with very long leaden fringe. The central fascia is sometimes obsolete. Taken in hedges, near woods, at the end of May. Species 20. — Microsetia atricapitella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1362, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 49) — E,xpands 2~ lines ; fore wings golden, with the costa broadly purplish in certain lights, and the apex also broadly purple : head black, with a white streak at the base of the antennae. Taken in hedges at the beginning of June. Species 21. — Microsetia ruficapitella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1363, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 50) — Expands 2^ lines. Resembles the preceding in the colours of its wings, but has not any purple gloss on the costa, and the head is red, or brick-red. Taken near London, in June. 214 BRITISH MOTHS Species 22. — Microsetia violacella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1364, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 51) Expands 3 lines ; fore wings violaceous, black ; head brick-red, with a white streak at the base of the antennee. Taken in gardens in June. Species 23. — Microsetia pygm^ella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1365, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 52) — Expands 1^ to 2i lines ; fore wings pale golden, with the apical margin obsoletely purple ; head red or brick- red, or bufi\ Taken in hedges near London, Sec, in June. Species 24. — Microsetia sericiella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1366, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 53) — Expands 3i to 3^ lines : fore wings silvery brown and very glossy and silken, with two small nearly triangular pale whitisli dots, visible in certain lights, one before and another in the middle of the inner margin. Common in hedges and woods at the end of May. Species 25. — Microsetia adrofasciella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1367, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 54) — Extends 4^ lines ; fore wings black brown, with a golden fascia before and another behind the middle ; hind wings brown, head golden-brass. Taken at Darenth Wood in June by Mr. Stephens. Species 26. — Microsetia Gliechella — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1368, and our Plate CXII., Fig. 55) Expands 3|- lines ; fore wings black, shining, with a bright silvery fascia in the middle, and two subapical silvery spots on the opposite margins ; hind wings ashy. Taken in the Kentish woods in June, but very rare. Species 27. — Microsetia Pfeifferella m — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1369 ; and our Plate CXII., Fig. 56) — Expands 4^ lines ; fore wings coppery-golden, with two large obliquely-opposed very splendid golden spots (often confluent into a somewhat arched anterior fascia), and two similar ones, but more distinct, larger, and triangular, also obliquely opposed to each other, beyond the middle, namely, one on the costa and the other on the inner margin ; hind wings brownish. Taken in the Kentish woods at the end of May, but very rare. «" Synonyme — Tinea i-guttella, Haworth, &c. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXIII. Insects. — Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Pig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. Fig. 22. Fig. 23. Glj-phipteryx Linnaeella (the Linnasan). Glyphipteryx Roesella (the Roeselian). Glyphipteryx Zinckella (the Zinckian). Glyphipteryx Schaefferella (the SchaEfFerian). Glyphipteryx bimaculella (the orange blotched black). Glyphipteryx eximia (the nonpareil). Glyphipteryx metallella (the metallic). Glyphipteryx subcuprella (the coppery). Glyphipteryx auroguttella (the gold dotted). Glyphipteryx variella (the variable). Glyphipteryx terminella {Dale). Pancalia Leuwenhoekella (the Leuwenhoekian). Pancalia Latreillella (the Latreillian). Pancalia Woodiella (the Woodian). Pancalia fusco-renea (the brown brassy). Pancalia fusco-cuprea (the brown copper). Pancalia Merianella (the Mcrianian). C.allisto guttea (the white spotted brown). Callisto Fyeslella (the Fuesslian). Callisto fusco-cuprella (the brown copper). Callisto fusco-viridella (the brown green). Harfagiis cinctella (the silvcr-barrcd sable). Harfagus albistrigcUa (the white striped sable). Insects. — Fig. 24. Astyages giandipennis (the great raven feather). ,t Fig. 25. Astyages cylindrella (the buff-blotched slender). ,, Fig. 26. Astyages coracipennella (the small raven feather). ,, Fig. 27. Astyages serratella (the notched horn). ,, Fig. 28. Astyages obscurella (the brown feather). ,, Fig. 29. Astyages Gryphipennella (the vulture feather). ,, Fig. 30. Astyages lutarea (the shining clay). ,, Fig. 31. Astyages ochroleucella (the pale shining clay). ,, Fig. 32. Astyages nigricella (the black fringed clay). ,, Fig. 33. Astyages flavicaput (the yellow-headed black). ,, Fig. 34. Chrysocorys angustipennella (the narrow-winged). ,, Fig. 35. Metallosetia Spissicornis (the thick-horned green). Fig. 36. Metallosetia Trifolii (the Trefoil). ,, Fig. 37. Metallosetia brevicornis (the short-horned). ,, Fig. 38. Porrectaria Anatipennella (the goose feather). ,, Fig. 39. Porrectaria Otidipennella (the bustard feather). „ Fig. 40. Porrectaria Anscripennella (the duck feather). ,, Fig. 41. Porrectaria Struthionipennella (the ostrich feather). ,, Fig. 42. Porrectaria ornatipennella (the silver-streaked hook tip). „ Fig. 43. Porrectaria Ochrea (the silver-streaked). The insects figured in this plate, with the exception of 3, 5, 13, 14, 15, 27, 30, 32, 35, 39, 40,41, from Wood's Index and other sources, are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentlev. I 4 / f\Wb ^ ^ \ \ \ ^ i AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 215 GLYPHIPTERYX, Hubner; Curtis; Stephens (111.). (ECOPHORA, Stephens (Catal.). These splendid insects have the palpi drooping and diverging outwards, longer than the head, and very- slender; the antennee slender, and as long as the wings; the head clothed with imbricated scales, and the fore wings somewhat deflexed when at rest, linear-lanceolate, generally marked with embossed metallic patches on a fulvous or yellow ground, and having the apical margin ill defined, in consequence of the long scales arising from the extremity of the disc, which become confused with the fringe. The larvae are subcutaneous. Species 1. — Glyphipteryx linn^ella — (Clerck; Linnseus, &c. ; Curtis, pi. 152; Wood, fig. 1370 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 1) — Expands 4^ — 6 lines ; fore wings bright fulvous, with a black patch at the base, three silvery spots on the disc in a triangle, a streak on the costa, and a minute metallic dot at the base, and deep black fringe ; tip of antennas white. Taken on the trunks of willows, lime-trees, &c., round London, about the end of July. Species 2. — Glyphipteryx Roesella — (Linna9us, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1371, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 2) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings fulvous, with an oblong black basal patch, followed by a somewhat oblique transverse black fascia ; the costal, apical, and inner margins also black, which colour in certain lights is stronorly glossed with silver, and on the disc of the wings are nine raised silvery dots. Very rare in woods, in July. The caterpillar is 14-footed, yellow, with a testaceous head, and resides within the leaves of the apple. Species 3. — Glyphipteryx Zinckella — (Hubner, Stephens; Wood, fig. 1372, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 3) — Expands 4g to 5 lines ; fore wings fulvous, with two transverse, nearly straight, silvery- white, slender fascije, and a longitudinal line of the same at the apex, all with narrow metallic black edges ; the disc of each wing with three silvery dots, and the base, costa, and apical margin black. Taken in Devonshire in June. Species 4. — Glyphipteryx Schjefperella — (Linnaeus, &c.; Donovan, v., Plate 175; Wood, Fig. 1373, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 4) — Expands 3^ to 4| lines ; fore wings rich fulvous, with the base, costal streak, apical margin, and transverse fascia before the middle, from which branch two longitudinal streaks, all black, changing according to the light to burnished silver ; the disc also with three silver dots ; hind wiiio-s brown. Taken on Tanacetum vulgare about the beginning of June. Species 5. — Glyphipteryx bimaculella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1374 ; and our Plate CXIII. Fig. 5)— Expands 5 lines ; fore wings narrow, black, with two large suboval orange patches on the disc, claced longitudinally ; the first towards the base, extending nearly to tlie inner margin, the second nearer the apex and further apart from the margin ; hind wings black. Devonshire ; rare. Species 6. —Glyphipteryx eximia — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1375 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 6) —Expands 5 lines ; fore wings splendidly varied witli orange, gold, copper, black, and violet ; at the base is a very broad changeable fascia, edged with black, followed by a triangular orange fascia, with a slender black margin and a brilliantly changeable band ; the apical portion of the wing black, with a slender marginal changeable streak. Verj rare ; near London and Ripley, in July. Species 7-— Glyphipteryx metallella — (Wien. Verz. ? Steph. ; Wood, fig. 1376; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 7)— Expands 5 or 6 lines ; entirely coppery-brownj; fringe brown. Taken near Ripley, in July, by Mr. Stephens. 216 BRITISH MOTHS Species 8. — Glyphipteryx subccprella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1377 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 8) — Expands 5i lines; fore wings pale coppery-brown, glossy, immaculate; hind wings brownish-ashy, with paler fringe ; body, &c., deep coppery-brown. Near London. Species 9. — Glyphipteryx auroguttella '' — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1378, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 9) — Expands 3^ to 4 lines ; fore wings golden-brown with four minute yellow dots ; one near the base, and another near the middle of the inner margin, a third near the middle, and the fourth near the extremity of the costa ; hind wings brownish. Taken in Darenth wood, Kent, in June, by Mr. Stephens. ^ Synonyme. — Tinea miscelia, Haworth ? Species. — Glyphipteryx? Variella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1379, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 10) — Expands 4i lines ; body and fore wings sooty-black, varied with irregular ashy or yellowish spots placed longitudinally on the disc ; hind wings and fringe dark-brown. Near Lyndhurst in June. Species 11. — Glyphipteryx terminella — (Dale MS.; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. II) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings rich dark chesnut, with a golden gloss, a silvery, strongly angulated mark running from the base of the inner margin of the wing to about one-third of the length of the costal margin, two silvery dots placed obliquely in the middle of the wing and a rather broad, very oblique, silvery dash (dilated on the costa) extending to the tip of the wings ; hind wings brown ; antennse pale at the tips. Taken by Mr. Dale, in Dorsetshire, and described from Mr. Bentley's Cabinet. PANCALIA, Stephens. These insects have the fore wings linear-lanceolate and adorned with embossed metallic spots on a fulvous disc, as in the last genus, with very long fringe ; but the palpi are very slender, bent upwards, and considerably divaricating, with the second and third joints of equal length, but the third much slenderer, and acute at the tip ; the head is clothed with broad, depressed scales. The larvae are subcutaneous. Species 1. — Pancalia Leuwenhoeckella — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1380, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 12) — Expands 4i to 5 lines; fore wings obscure, testaceous, with a fascia towards the base, another in the middle, a transverse spot near the anal angle, and an oblique line near the apex, all black, changeable to sQver ; hind wings brown ; tips of antennae white. Taken near Bristol ; in Cumberland ; Darenth Wood ; New Forest, &c., at the beginning of June. Species 2. — Pancalia Latrelllell a— (Curtis ; Wood, fig. 1381, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 13) — Expands 5 to 5i lines ; brown ; fore wings ochreous orange, with seven embossed silver spots on each ; antennsB entirely fuscous. Taken in Cumberland, and near London, and in Norbury Park, but very rare at the end of June. Species 3. — PA^XALIA Woodiella— (Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 304 ; Wood, fig. 1382, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 14) — Expands 8 hues? fore wings bright orange; a short basal streak, narrowed in the middle, and an acuminated dash on the costa beyond the middle, both of silvery black ; the base of the inner margin, a black squamose patch in the middle of it, and a rather broad, sinuated, apical margin, all of purple black ; bind wings dark orange, freckled with black. Taken on Kersall Moor, Manchester, in June, by Mr. E. Wood. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 217 Species 4. — Pancalia pusco-.«nea — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1383, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 15) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings brassy-brown and shining, with a coppery gloss ; hind wings linear-subulate, black and glossy. Taken in the Kentish Woods, in June, but very rare. Species 5. — Pancalia fusco-cdprea — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1384, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 16) — Allied to the preceding, but smaller, (expanding 5^ to 6 lines,) with broader wings, the fore ones of coppery- brown without spots ; the hind ones brown and glossy. Taken near London and Ripley, in June. Species 6. — Pancalia Merianella — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1385, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 17) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings black, with three silvery, divaricating fasciaa, being widest apart on the inner margin of the wing ; the first simple and oblique, the second flexuous and central, and the third strongly bifid; on the apical margin is also a silvery spot. Taken in the New Forest, and elsewhere, in June. CALLISTO, Stephens. The palpi are slender, divaricating, and curved upwards ; the terminal joint longer than the second, and very slender and acute at the tip ; the head clothed with smooth, metallic scales ; the wings convoluted, the anterior sublinear-triangular ; the disc pale, metallic, occasionally with stUl paler metallic marginal markings. Species 1. — Callisto guttea "> — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1386, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 18) — Expands 5i lines ; head fulvous ; abdomen brown, with a fulvescent anal tuft ; fore wings black, with three or four equidistant costal spots, and two alternating in the middle of the inner margin, all white, and occasionally confluent into transverse fasciae. Taken in woods, at the end of June. " Synonyme. — Tinea Merianella, Hiibner. Species 2. — Callisto Fyeslella ° — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1387, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 19) — Expands o\ lines ; fore wings obscure golden, beyond the middle with five silvery transverse streaks, of which the three outer are abbreviated ; at the anal angle is a transverse black stroke, in which are three or four minute silvery dots, and a black dot at apex. Taken on commons, among rushes, in June. " SvNONYME. — Phalana triguttella, DonoTan. Species 3. — Callisto fdsco-cdprella p — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1388, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 20) — Expands 5^ lines ; head fulvous ; fore wings dark golden-coppery, immaculate, but in certain lights with an obsolete purplish brown tinge ; hind wings black ; fringe brown. Taken near London, &c., in June, but very rare. P Stnonyme. — Tinea Erxlebella, Fabricius ? Species 4. — Callisto fusco-viridella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1389, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 21) — Expands 5 to 6 lines ; fore wings dark brown-green, or brownish gold, shining, and without any spots or marks, sometimes ashy-brown without the golden tinge. Taken on heaths, and in places where broom abounds, in June and July. HARPAGUS, Stephens. The palpi are considerably longer than the head and recurved, with the apical joint slender and longer than the preceding, with the tip acute ; the fore wings slightly depressed in repose ; rather long, broader than in the allied genera, rather rounded on the apical margin, with short fringe ; they are of a deep black colour, with a single slender, transverse, pale bar : they frequent willows and poplars. VOL. II. p p 218 BRITISH MOTHS Species 1. — Harpagus cinctellus — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1390 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 22) — Expands about 6 lines ; wings deep black, fore ones with a slender, silvery, transverse white fascia in the middle ; antennae annulated with white. In hedges, in June. Species 2. — Harpagus albistrigellus — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1391 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 23) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings " deep jet black, with a slender, slightly incurved, silvery-white streak towards the inner margin ; hind wings deep black, with brown fringe." Near London, in June. ASTYAGES, Stephens. The palpi are considerably longer than the head, slightly bent, the terminal joint stouter at the base than the second, gradually attenuated to the tip ; the antennae nearly as long as the wings, slender and simple ; the fore wings slightly deflexed during repose, very long, sublanceolate-linear, slightly rounded at the tip, generally of dark colours, and without spots ; the legs are long, and with long tibial spurs. Species 1. — Astyages grandipennis — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1392 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 24) — Expands 8i lines ; all the wings glossy, and, as well as the body and antennae, of a blackish hue ; fringe rather paler. Near London, and in the New Forest, in June. Species 2. — Astyages Pic^pennis — (Haworth, &c.) — Expands 5| lines ; all the wings black and glossy, the anterior ones with a strong, irregular, interrupted white streak in the middle. Taken in Norfolk, &c., in June. Species 3. — Astyages cylindrella 1 — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1393 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 25) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings linear, brown, with three large oblong, yellowish spots, which are occasionally united by slender streaks of the same colour into an irregular series of marks placed longitudinally ; wings yellow beneath. In gardens, and near poplars, in June. 1 Synonyme. — Tinea trislella, Hubnei. Species 4. — Astyages coracipennella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1396 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 26) — Expands 6 lines ; all the wings black and glossy ; fringe brownish ; antennae ringed with white. Common in hedges, &c., in June. Species 5. — Astyages serratella — (Linnsus, &c.; Wood, fig. 1595, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 27) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings pale brownish and glossy ; hind ones paler, with ochreous fringe ; antennae ringed with white. Considered by Mr. Haworth as an aged variety of the preceding. Species 6. — Astyages obscurella — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1396; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 28) — Expands 6 lines ; all the vrings and fringe brown, shining, and immaculate ; antennae ringed with white. Taken in grassy places, in June. Species 7. — Astyages Gryphipennella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1397 ; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 29) — Expands 5i to 6 lines ; wings shining, anterior duU red, sometimes brownish red, with the costa in certain lights of a reddish liue, or sometimes whitish ; hind wings brown. Darenth Wood, &c., in June, but rare. Species 8.— Astyages lutarea— (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1398; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 30)— Expands 5i lines; all the wings of a golden clay colour, shining, and immaculate. Very rare, in June. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIOiNS. 219 Species 9.— Astyages ochroleucella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1399; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 31) Expands 6 lines ; fore wings shining, pale reddish ochreous, immaculate, hind wings brownish ; fringe somewhat lutescent. Darenth Wood, &c., in June. Species 10. — Astyages nigricella— (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1400; and our Plate CXIll., Fig. 32) — Expands 5 to 5^ lines ; fore wings black, shining, immaculate ; hind wings brown ; head whitish. Darenth Wood, Dover, &c., in June. Species 11. — Astyages flavilaput — ( Ha worth ; Wood, fig. 1401; and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 33) — Expands 6 lines ; all the wings black, shining, and immaculate ; head yellowish-red ; palpi with the tips yellow. Taken in woody places round London in June. CHRYSOCORYS, Curtis. The antennaa are rather short, and thickly squamose and subserrated ; the palpi are rather long, porrected horizontally beyond the head and divaricating, with three joints of nearly equal length, the third slender and acute at the tip ; the fore wings defloxed, long, narrow, lanceolate, and slightly hooked at the tip ; fringe long ; hind legs long, with long spurs. The Caterpillar (if Hiibner's Tinea Festaliella be congenerous as Mr. Curtis considers), is sixteen-footed, tuberculated, and bristly ; the pupa with several series of dorsal spines, and enclosed within an open net-work cocoon. Species 1. — Chrysocorys scissella — (Hiibner ? Haworth; Wood, fig. 1402, and our Plate CXIII. , Fig. 34) — Expands 51 lines ; fore wings of a pale golden ochre colour ; with the costa, a streak along the middle of the wing, dilated in the middle, another along the inner margin, and the apical margin all dark brown. Taken in hedges, &c., from April to June. METALLOSETIA, Stephens, (Encycl. Metrop.). DAMOPHILA, Curtis. The antennae are slender and nearly as long as the wings, the basal joint apparently dilated ; the palpi longer than the head, slightly curved upwards, slender ; the second joint long and linear, and the third short and acute at the tip ; the fore wings long and lanceolate, folded cylindrically in repose ; the fringe very long ; the disc metallic ; the fringe of the hind wings extremely long. The caterpillars form portable cases, in which they reside, as recently discovered by F. Bond, Esq., thus proving the relationship of the genus to the following. Species 1. — Metallosetia spissicornis — (Stephens, lUustr., PI. 41, fig. 1 ; Wood, fig. 1403, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 35) — Expands 5^ lines; fore wings golden or coppery green, shining, and immaculate; the antennae spotted black and white in the middle, the tips white ; hind wings blackish, with a coppery tinge ; fringe pale black. Taken in damp places in July. Species 2. — Metallosetia trifolii — (Stephens ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 391 ; Wood, fig. 1404, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 36) — Expands 6 or 7 lines ; fore wings shining metallic golden green, with the costa and tips coppery ; hind wings, as well as the fringe, pale black ; antennae with the tips white. Found on the flowers of the Trefoil, in July, in various parts of the South of England. Species 3. — Metallosetia brevicornis — (Dale MSS., Plate CXIII., Fig. 37) — Expands 5| lines ; fore wings very narrow, splendid coppery, the apical portion gradually becoming of a brilliant purple ; hind wings ff2 220 BRITISH MOTHS brown, with a golden gloss ; antennas much shorter than the wings, black, with the base thickened, the extreme apex extremely slender and white. Taken by Mr. Dale in Dorsetshire. Described from Mr. Bentley'a cabinet. PORRECTARIA, Haworth. The palpi are considerably longer than the head, much porrected, considerably divaricating, with the terminal joint half as long as the preceding, very slender and attenuated to the tip ; the antennae are long and slender, with the basal joint dilated and elongated ; the fore wings are long, narrow, lanceolated, and rather hooked at the tip, with very long fringe ; the hind wings are also deeply fringed, they are deflexed when at rest. The caterpillars reside in singular moveable cases, of their own formation, within which they assume the pupa state, first attaching the mouth of the case to the plant, and making their exit out of the opposite end. The perfect insects rest with the antennae stretched out and united in a straight line, like some of the PhryganeidEe. Species 1. — Porrectaria anatipennella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1405, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 38) — Expands 65 to 8 lines ; fore wings pure white, with the costa very slenderly and the apex very broadly edged with blackish ; hind wings pale brownish ; antennas finely ringed with black. Taken in woods and gardens in June. The caterpillar feeds on the beech. (Plate CXXIII., Fig. 19.) Species 2. — Porrectaria otidipennella — (Hiibner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1406, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 39) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings pale ashy-white, with the tips brownish ; hind wings and fringe brownish-ash. Darenth Wood, New Forest, &c., in June. Species 3. — Porrectaria anseripennella — (Hiibner; Wood, fig. 1407, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 40) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings whitish-ash, with a brownish spot near the extremity of the inner margin ; hind wings and fringe brownish. New Forest and near London in June. Species 4. — Porrectaria Struthionipennella — (Hiibner ; Wood, fig. 1408, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 41 I — Expands 8 lines ; fore wings white with several ochre longitudinal streaks radiating towards the apex ; hind wings and fringe brownish. Darenth, New Forest, &c., in June. Species 5. — Porrectaria ornatipennella — (Hiibner j Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1409, and our Plate CXV., Fio-. 42) — Expands 7 to 71 lines ; fore wings luteous, or obscurely sulphur-coloured, with several very slender silvery and blackish-brown longitudinal streaks, more or less connected together ; hind wings and fringe brownish. Kentish woods in June. Species 6. — Porrectaria ochrea — (Haworth ; Harris, Expos., PI. III., figs 2 — 5 ? Wood, fig. 1410, and our Plate CXIII., Fig. 43) — Expands 7 to 9^ lines ; fore wings sub-caudate, ochreous brown, with two slender almost obsolete abbreviated streaks of silver seen only in certain positions, one oblique from tlie base to the anal angle, and the other along the inner margin ; hind wings brown and glossy, with brownish fringe. Darenth Wood, June, but very rare. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 221 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXIV. Insects. — Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. • „ Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. ,. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. .. Pig- 12. „ Pig. 13. .. Fig. 14. ,. Pig. 15. Fig- 16. Fig. 17. Fig- 18. ,. Fig- 19. „ Fig- 20. Fig- 21. Fig. 22. „ Fig. 23. Porrectaria gallipennella (the cock's feather). Porrectaria lineolea (the red-specked). Porrectaria albicosta (the white-ed^ed). Porrectaria leucapennella (the lead-coloured). Porrectaria argentula (the silvered). Aphelosetia auritella (the eared). Aphelosetia cygnipennella (the swan's feather). Aphelosetia semialbella (the half white). Aphelosetia triatomea (the treble-atomed white). Aphelosetia floslactis (the cream-coloured). Aphelosetia rufocinerea (the red brindled). Aphelosetia oleella (the smnll shining brown). Aphelosetia lucidella (the lucid). Aphelosetia rufipennella (the red feather). Aphelosetia fulvescens (the tawny), Aphelosetia marginea (the bordered straw). Batia lambdella (the tawny crescent). Batia lunaris (the lesser tawny crescent), Batia formosella. Batia lutarella (the clay), Batia saturatella (the dark clay). Batia Panzerella (the Panzerian). Batia flavifrontella (the yellow head). Insects. — Fig. 24. Achroia alvearia (the honey). Fig. 25. Galleria cereana (the honeycomb). Fig, 26, the caterpillar. Fig. 27. llythia sociella (the pale-shouldered). Fig. 28. llythia anella (the twin-spot). Fig. 29. Senta flammea (the flame). Fig. 30. Senta sericca (the silken). Fig. 31. — — the caterpillar. Fig. 32. Eudorea Portlandica. Fig. 33. Eudorea cembrella (the large gray). Fig. 3-4. Eudorea subfusca (the drab gray). Fig. 35. Eudorea dubitalis (the hoary gray). Fig. 36. Eudorea pyralella (the yellow stigmaed gray). Fig, 37. Eudorea tristrigella (the three- streaked gray). Fig. 38. Eudorea pallida (the pale gray). Fig. 39. Eudorea lineola (the striped gx'ay). Fig. 40, Eudorea murana (the wall^fray). Fig. 41. Eudorea resinea (the resin gray). All the insects figured in this plant are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of 6, 9, 15, 21, 27, and 28, from exceed- ingly accurate figures in Wood's Index. The caterpillars are from Hiibner and Roesel, 1^ Species 7- — Porrectaria gallipennella — (Hiibner ; Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1411, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 1) — Expands 6i to 7 lines ; fore wings fulvous or rufescent, with the costa, inner margin and principal longitudinal vein occasionally slenderly streaked with white beyond the middle of the wing ; hind wings rufo- fulvescent, with fulvous fringe ; the fore wings are occasionally whitish-fulvous, with the veins and fringe reddish. Taken in grassy places in woods in June. Species 8. — Porrectaria lineolea — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1412, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 2) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings whitish straw-coloured, with the veins marked with interrupted reddish or red streaks; the fringe more or less reddish. Taken near London, and in Surrey and Kent, in June. Species 9. — Porrectaria albicosta — (Haworth ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., plate 687; Wood, fig. 1413, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 3) — Expands 5^ to 6 lines ; fore wings rather hooked at the tip, ochreous, rather darker towards the tip, with an entire narrow white margin, a white line reaching from the base to the anal angle, and another on the disc, not extending to the base ; hind wings pale ashy, fringe pale yellowish-brown. Taken in June on nettles, &c., in the same places as the former. Species 10. — Porrectaria leucapennella — (Hiibner ; Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1414, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 4) — Expands 4^ to 5i lines; fore wings very acute, whitish leaden coloured, varying to white, with the costa narrowly white ; the veins whitish, but variable in the strength of the colouring. Taken in woods in June. Species 11. — Porrectaria argentula — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1415, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 5) — Expands 4^ to 5^ lines ; fore wings silvery white, with the costa whiti.sh, and the veins streaked with ochre- brown ; hind wings and fringe brownish. Taken in woods round London in June. Ob$, — Porrectaria vibicipennella Hiibner, &c., has been forwarded to us by Mr. Weaver (by "whom it was discovered in Worcestershire), together with some other novelties, but unfortunately too late for admission into our plates. 222 BRITISH MOTHS APHELOSETIA, Stephens. The palpi are drooping, of moderate length, and incurved, with the terminal joint slender and acute at the tip ; the antennje are rather short, the wings slightly deflexed in repose, rather broad and very short, generally plain and palely-coloured, vpithout markings, except a few clouded spots in some species ; the hind wings are broadish and the body is short and slender. Species 1. — Aphelosetia auritella — (Hiibner, &c ; Wood, fig. 1416, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 6) — Expands 3 i lines; fore wings snow-white, with a central brown fascia dilated into a triangular patch on the costa, and a smaller one on the inner margin, and with a brown irregular spot near the apex ; hind wings ashy- white. Taken in Monk's Wood, Hunts, in June, but very rare. Species'2. — Aphelosetia Cygnipennella — (Hiibner, &c.; Wood, fig. 1417, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 7) — Expands 4s lines ; all the wings and fringe pure white, shining, and immaculate. Taken near Dover and in the fens in Hunts in June. Rare. Species 3. — Aphelosetia semialbella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1418, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 8) — Expands 4^ to 5 lines ; fore wings and fringe clear white ; hind wings brownish, with white fringe. Ripley, in June. Species 4. — Aphelosetia triatomea — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood. fig. 1419, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 9) — Expands 3^ lines ; fore wings snow-white, with three very minute black dots in a triangle near the anal angle ; hind wings brownish. Norfolk and near London, in June. Species 5. — Aphelosetia floslactis — (Haworth, &c.; Wood fig. 1420; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 10) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings and fringe pale flavescent : hind wings brown. Near London, in June. Species 6. — Aphelosetia rufo-cinerea — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1421, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 11) — Expands 4i to 5 lines ; fore wings and fringe reddish-ashy, varying to whitish, with ashy fringe ; hind wings brown. Taken near London, in June. Species 7- — Aphelosetia oleella— (Fabricius ? Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1422 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 12) — Expands 3| to 4 lines ; all the wings brownish, shining, and immaculate. Darenth Wood, in Jnne. Species 8. — Aphelosetia lucidella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1423 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 13) — Expands 31 lines; fore wings fusco-lutescent, shining, immaculate; hind wings fuscescent, with paler fringe. Ripley and Hertford, in June, Species 9. — Aphelosetia rdfipennella — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1424 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 14) — Expands 4 lines ; head and fore wings red, varying to whitish, with the apical portion darker, varying to reddish ; hind wings brown. Woods round London, in June. Species 10. — Aphelosetia fulvescens — (Haworth; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1425; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 15) — Expands 4 to 4^ lines ; fore wings tawny-red, with the costa brownish ; the fringe pale ochreous-red ; hind wings ashy-brown. Near London and the New Forest, in June. ^ "^^ H. % H.M, t- \ AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 223 Species 11. — Aphelosetia marginea — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1426, aad our Plate CXIV., Fig. 15) Expands 3 or 4 lines ; fore wings fulvous, or dark straw coloured, and immaculate, with the apex hroadly margined with brown ; hind wings and fringe pale ashy-brown. Woods and forests, in June. Species 12. — Aphelosetta subocellea — (Stephens'' 111.) — Expands 4+ lines; fore wings snow-white; apical portion ochreous ashy, with brown irrorations, with an ocellated spot at the apex ; fringe ochre-white ; hind wings pale ashy-brown. Ripley, in June. BATIA, Stephens. The palpi are long, slender, recurved, and divaricating, with the third joint rather shorter than the preceding, more slender and pointed at the tips ; the antennae are moderately long, the abdomen short and slender ; the fore wings very much deflexed in repose, snb-elongate-triangular, obliquely truncate along the apical margin, with long, spreading fringe, the disc generally flavescent or ochreous, immaculate or with a slight dark mark on the inner margin near the anal angle. Species 1. — Batia lambdella — (Haworth ; Donovan, 2, Plate 37, fig- 2 ; Wood, fig. 1427, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 17) — Expands 6 to 7? lines ; fore wings bright tawny and immaculate, except a strong black triangular mark on the inner margin, beyond the middle, emitting an oblique black line, both edged within with white, so as to resemble the Greek letter lambda ; the costa is more or less dusky in certain lights ; hind wings pale brown. Woods and forests in June. Species 2. — Batia lunaris — (Haworth ; Curtis, Plate 543 ; Wood, fig. 1428, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 18) — Expands 5i lines ; fore wings ochreous orange, with the apical margin darker ; costa brownish, a small triangular black patch on the inner margin beyond the middle, with another smaller discoidal one attached to its apex obliquely ; hind wings pale gray Whitethorn hedges and on palings round London and elsewhere, in June. Species 3. — Batia pormosella — (Plate CXIV., Fig. 19) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings rich tawny orange, with a very slender and very deeply angulated white line near the base of the wings, slightly edged with black, and followed by a broad dark chesnut-brown central bar, very strongly angulated in the middle on the outside, and narrowed and inflexed towards the inner margin ; this is followed by a large nearly triangular pale patch on the middle of the costa, being white along the oblique edge of the dark fascia, and followed by a darker orange patch towards the tip of the wing ; fringe pale orange ; hind wings and fringe pale silky brown ; antennas annulated with black and white ; palpi orange, with the last joint white with a black tip. Taken, by Mr. George Robertson, near Wanstead, Essex. Described from Mr. Bentley's cabinet. Species 4. — Batia lutarella — (Hiibner ? Wood, fig. 1429, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 20) — Expands 6 to 7f lines ; fore wings pale brown, or tawny luteous, and totally immaculate, occasionally with a fulvous dot on the disc ; fringe rather paler ; hind wings and fringe brown. Coombe Wood, in June. Species 5. — Batia saturella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1430, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 21) — Expands 6^ lines ; entirely pale ochreous brown ; wings glossy. Darenth Wood, Kent, in June, but very rare. 224 BRITISH MOTHS . Species 6.— Batia Panzeeella— (Donovan, 3, PI. 106, fig. 4 ? "Wood, fig. 1431, and our Plate CXIV., Fiw. 22) — Expands 8 to 9 lines ; (15 lines, according to Mr. Curtis,) fore -wings yellowish ash, or ochreous, and immaculate ; hind wings pale brownish, with paler fringe. Near London. Species 7. — Batia flavifrontella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1432, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 23) — Expands 9 to 10| lines ; (12 lines, according to Mr. Curtis,) fore wings ashy, with a slight ochreous tinge, and occasionally with one or two dusky dots on the disc ; hind wings obscure ochreous, with a yellowish fringe ; head dirty yellow. Darenth Wood, and Camber well, but rare. TINE I D^, Stephens. The insects comprised in the present family are distinguished from the Tortricidse by their narrower wings, as well as by the slenderness of their labial palpi, whilst the great development of the maxillary palpi, and the rare occurrence of recurved labial palpi separates them (but by no means satisfactorily) from Yponomeutidse. The body is generally long and slender ; the head often densely clothed vrith scales in front ; the antennae of moderate length, and slender ; the spiral tongue short, the thorax is rarely crested, the legs spurred in the usual manner ; the wings are entire, often very narrow, and mostly convoluted in repose, the hind ones of moderate size, and much folded when at rest. In their preparatory states these insects are variable in their habits, but their larvae are generally naked or setose, many residing in portable cases, formed of various materials, in which they undergo their transforma- tion, whilst others feed upon vegetable substances, some residing within the stems of plants, and others subsisting upon the leaves ; a few, however, are sub-cutaneous, feeding in the interior of leaves. In their perfect state they are mostly of a larger size than the minute gilt species belonging to the preceding family, and in their colouring they rarely exhibit any of that brilliancy of gold and silver with which so many of the latter are ornamented, their usual tints being rather sombre, such as ochre-white or buff, with irregular longitudinal marks or streaks. We know nothing of the exotic species of this and several of the preceding families, nor of their transformations ; our arrangements must therefore be considered as unsatisfactory. Mr. Duponchel has, however, divided them into sixteen groups, according to their habits in the preparatory states, in his memoir, published in the Annals of the Entomological Society of France for 1838. ACHROIA, HuBNER. The insect forming the type of this genus, has much of the habit of the genus Lithosia, but with the wings more rounded, and entire ; the palpi are very short and almost concealed by the scales of the front of the head ; the antennoB are short, the body slender and rather elongated, and the fore wings horizontally incumbent during repose, and of plain hues. The caterpillar feeds on the honey in bee-hives, sometimes greatly damaging the comb as well as destroying the inhabitants. It is fleshy and slightly hairy, and forms a cocoon of very white silk, which is covered with minute black grains of its excrement. Species 1. — Achroia alvearia ' — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1433, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 24) — Expands 8 to 11 lines ; entirely pale brownish ash ; fore wings rather darker, with a yellow head. Taken in June in the neighbourhood of beehives, but rare. ' Sykonyme Bombyx ciritreola, Hiiboer. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 225 GALLERIA, Fabricius. The palpi of the male are concealed by the scales of the front of the head, but those of the female are porrected and drooping ; the body is robust ; the wings are somewhat convoluted in repose, being depressed on the back, and compressed at the extremity ; they are short and broad, with the apical margin (especially in the males) irregularly lobed near the anal angle. The caterpillars are 16-footed, fleshy, and setose, residing in bee- hives, where they form galleries in the comb, feeding upon the honey. Species 1. — Galleria cereana *— (Linn»us, Sec ; Wood, fig. 1434, and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 25, 26) — Expands 14 to 18 lines ; fore wings gray, darker along the apical margin, which is preceded by a curved row of small dark oblong dots ; the inner margin with some short purple-chesnnt streaks ; the wings, in the female, are more purplish-brown, with less gray along the middle ; hind wings brown beyond the middle, in the male, ochreous-white in the female. Found near bee-hives, within which the caterpillars reside, and are very destructive. About ten years ago, great numbers were reared by Mr. H. Doubleday, who sent a considerable number for distribution amongst the members of the Entomological Society. * Synonyme. — Phalasna Tinea mellonella^ Linnjeus (female) ; Donovan, viii., pi. 288 ; Curtis, pi. 587. ILYTHIA, Latreille. The palpi in the males are concealed by the scales of the head, but the labial ones in the female are considerably elongated and horizontally porrected, with the terminal joint deflexed, and longest ; the head is tufted in front : the wings are convoluted in repose ; the fore ones rather long, with the apical margin rounded ; the costa arched, in the males, (whence the wings are broader), but straight in the females : the body is rather long and cylindric, with a small tuft at the tip. The caterpillar is gregarious, and feeds on honey in the nest of Bombyx lapidarius. In the " Magazine of Natural History," Vol. IX., p. 528, 1 have described an extraordinary mass of the cocoons of the typical species communicated to me by the late Mr. Loudon. Mr. Curtis has given the dissections of the type of this genus, as the characters of the following genus. Species 1. — Ilythia sociella ' — (Linnaeus, &c., (male) ; Wood, fig. 1435, m., 1436, f., and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 27) — Expands from 9 to 17 lines : fore wings gray, with an interrupted posterior black line ; those of the male with the base hoary, and the apical portion reddish-gray, and those of the female of a greenish gray, which fades considerably after death to a slightly pinkish tinge, with one, or occasionally two, elongated black marks on the disc. Taken near London, Darenth Wood, Ripley, &c. 'Synonysies. — Tinea tribunella, W. V.; Hiibncr (male). Phalcena Tinea coloneHuj Linnssus (female) ; Donovan, viii., pi. 263, f. 2. Species 2. — Ilythia anella "— (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1437; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 28) — Expands 16 lines; fore wings gray, with two central, somewhat ocellated black marks, and an interrupted black line at the base of tlie fringe, which is preceded by a row of dusky, obsolete, longitudinal streaks ; hind wings ochre-white. A specimen was formerly taken by Mr. Hatchett in the Jews' burying-ground at Stepney. ■ Synonymes. — Tortrix bipunctata, Haivoith. Tinea sociella, Hiibner. VOL. n. 226 BRITISH MOTHS SENTA, Stephens. MELIA and MELIANA, Curtis. The labial palpi of the genus, which is closely allied to the preceding, have the second joint longer than the terminal one ; they are bent upwards, and only slightly visible from above ; the head is tufted in front ; the fore wings elongate, lanceolate, and somewhat acute or obtuse at the tip ; the body rather long and stoutish, with the tip acute, in the females. Species 1. — Senta flajimea — (Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 201 ; Wood, fig. 1438 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 29) — Expands (according to Mr. Curtis's figure) 20 lines ; fore wings somewhat acute at the tip, pale buff, with a brown flame-like space along the centre, narrowed at the base, above which is a short, narrow, ochraceous stripe, five or six minute spots forming a subapical curved line, and the margin with seven minute black dots, the inner margin with dark irrorations ; hind wings paler. A single specimen is said to have been taken near Lewisham, in July. Species 2. — Senta sericea — (Curtis ; Wood, fig. 1439 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 30, 31) — Fore wings obtuse at the tip. " This insect has a silky appearance ; the thorax and superior wings are dull ochreous, with a carneous tinge, minutely freckled with fuscous, and a row of dots at the posterior margin, of the same colour ; the body is paler, and the inferior wings almost white ; it is not so large as M. flammea. I once took a • specimen in a garden in Suffolk, flying late at night, at the end of June, and Mr. Dale took a moth on the 29th of June, at Whittlesearaere, which 1 think is the same species." — Curtis. EUDOREA, Curtis. SCOPARIA, Haworth. The labial palpi are longer than the head, robust and drooping, with the terminal joint very short and conical; the maxillary palpi are also distinct and porrected horizontally ; the body is rather long, and moderately slender; the fore wings slightly deflexed when at rest, forming a triangle ; the anterior long aud narrow, with the apical margin entire, and rather rounded, generally of pale tints freckled with darker markings, having generally two pale transverse waved streaks, between which are certain dark markings like letters. Species 1. — Eudorea Portlandica — (Dale MSS. ; and our Plate CXIV., fig. 32) — Expands 8 lines; fore wings bone-white, with the base dusky, and an irregular, slightly curved brownish black fascia (thickest in the middle) before the middle of the wings ; rather beyond the middle is a smallish, irregular, dark eye-shaped mark, followed by a slender, abbreviated dusky streak from the costa ; apical margin with a row of dark dots, and a larger dark patch in the middle ; fringe white, varied with black interrupted lines. Taken by Mr. Dale, in the Isle of Portland. Described from Mr. Bentley's Cabinet. Species 2. — Eudorea Cembrella — (Linuceus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1440; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 32) — Expands 12 or 13 lines ; fore wings ashy, with two obsolete brown strigse arising from the costa, the first straight, and pale within, but dusky without, and the second is short and brown, and placed beyond the middle, with a mark like a brown Greek letter chi, between them ; apical margin clouded with brownish. Taken on the trunks of fir-trees, but not common. Species 3. — Eudorea subfusca— (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1441 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 33) — Expands 10 to 12 lines; fore wings pale brown, finely irrorated with dusky scales, with two almost obsolete paler streaks, the outer one curved, and bordered inwardly with brown, with a verj' slightly defined Greek chi between them ; hind wings paler brown : probably a suffused variety of the former. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 227 Species 4. — Eudorea dubitalis — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1442 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 34) — Expands 10 lines ; fore wings hoary-ash with a slight dusk)' transverse streak near the base, followed by two blackish spots placed transversely, and beyond this in the middle a black chi-like mark, and beyond the middle is another brown incurved streak, much narrower, and almost interrupted in tlie middle with a waved whitish streak adjoining it on each side ; hind wings very pale ashy-white. Taken near London, in June and July, on the trunks of trees. Species 5. — Eudorea Pvralella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1443 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig 35) — Expands about 9 lines ; fore wings pale buff, with a slender streak before the middle, followed by two yellowish spots, edged with black, in the middle of the wing is a yellowish spot, bearing a letter-like black mark, followed by a slender, waved, fuscous streak edged outwardly with white, and after which is a brown fascia almost interrupted in the middle ; the apical margin with a row of black dots preceded by a pale subapical streak. Common round London. Species 6. — Eudorea tristrigella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1444 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 36) — Expands 7i to 9 lines ; fore wings whitish-brown, witli base darker, and three brown waved strigse, — the first, before the middle, having a yellowish spot attached to it externally ; the second, oblique and central, but not reaching to the inner margin, with a yellowish spot near the costa ; the third, irregular towards the apical margin, followed by a slender pale subapical line, the apical margin slightly dotted witli brownish. Taken near London, and in the New Forest, in June. Species "J. — Eudorea pallida — (Curtis, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1445 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 37) — Expands 6 or 7 lines : fore wings short, broad, and pale brownish-buff ; the middle of the disc with three blackish dots, the two anterior placed transverselv, and sometimes united by a line, preceded and followed by an obscure streak, and with a subapical row of minute black dots. Whittlesea Mere and Monks' Wood, Hunts, in June. Species 8. — Eudorea lineola — (Curtis, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1446 ; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 38) — Expands 8 or 9 lines ; fore wings ashy, with darker clouds, black spots, and with three whitish strigae, — the first, irregular towards the base ; the second, indented before the middle ; and the third, incurved towards the apex, adjoining which is a furcate black mark, and a dusky cloud, in the middle is a white spot with a black edge like an 8 ; apical margin with a row of wedge-shaped black dots : the under wings ashy, with a pale sinuated line across. Taken near London, and in the North of England, in June. Species 9. — Eudorea murana — (Curtis, Plate 170; AVood, fig. 1447; and our Plate CXIV., Fig. 39) — Expands 8 or 9 lines ; fore wings pale buff, much freckled with black scales and grey clouds ; near the base is a slender, transverse, indented streak, bearing two black dashes within, and followed by two black dots before the middle, placed transversely ; and at a little distance beyond the middle is a 8-like black mark, followed by a dark grey space, through which runs an oblique, waving, slender, pale striga ; apical portion of the wing pale, with a dark grey cloud in the middle of the apical margin, and a marginal row of black dots ; hind wintrs pale ashy-buff, with a darker border. Taken on stone-walls, in Scotland. ■ Species 10.— Eudorea resinea — (Haworth ; AVood, fig. 1448 ; and our Plate CXIV,, Fig. 40) — Expands about 8 lines ; fore wings ashy, the base with a black dot, and a whitish longitudinal streak extending to a transverse one, followed by two large black dots, the anterior of which reaches to the costa ; to these succeed a whitish space, then a brown one bearing a black transverse dot ; apical portion of the wing ashj-, with a whitish gg2 228 BRITISH MOTHS curved streak, emitting two oblique branches, like an irregularly formed X, and a row of subapical black dots. Taken on the trunks of fir-trees, in June and July. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXV. Insects. -Fig. 1. S) Fig. 2. 3> Fig. 3. » Fig. 4. H Fig. 5. » Fig. 6. 3> Fig. 7. J9 Fig. 8. 5J Fig. 9. » Fig. 10. J> Fig. 11. » Fig. 12. 93 Fig. 13. ») Fig. 14. n Fig. 15. a Fig. 16. „ Fig. 17. 9) Fig. 18. >J Fig. 19. 3J Fig. 20. n Fig. 21. if Fig. 22. Eudorea Anguatea (the narrow winged gray). Eudorea pusilla. Eudorea Mercurella (the small gray). Phycita nebulella (the ermine knot horn). Phycita bineevella (the double blotched). Phycita dilutella (the powdered knot horn). Phycita elutella (the cinereous knot horn). Phycita rufa (the rufous knot horn). Phycita angustella (the small ermine knot horn). Phycita semirufa (the red streaked knot horn). Phycita bistriga (the double stripped red knot horn) . Phycita tumidana (the warted knot horn). Phycita fascia (the broad barred knot horn), Phycita advenclla (the marbled broad barred knot horn). Phycita marmorea (the marbled knot horu). Phycita porphyrea (the porphyry knot horn). Phycita consociella (the allied knot horn). Phycita Rhenella (the dove-coloured knot horn), Phycita pinguis (the tabby knot horn). Phycita hostilis (the varied knot horn). Phycita formosa (the beautiful knot horn). Phycita stigmatella. knot Insects. — Fig. 23. Phycita obtusa (the blunt-winged knot horn). Fig. 24. Phycita obscara (the obscure knot horn). Fig. 25. Phycita ornatella (the speckled knot horn). Fig. 26. Phycita 'Abietella (the pine knot horn). Fig. 27. Phycita Roborella (the dotted knot horn). Fig. 28. Phycita Lcgatella (the plain knot horn). Fig. 29. Phycita fusca (the brown knot horn). Fig. 30. Phycita tristrigella (the three-streaked horn) . Fig. 31. Phycita palumbella (the mealy knot horn). Fig. 32. Homoeosoma gemina (the twin barred knot horn). Fig. 33. Homoeosoma cinerea. Fig. 34. Nemophila hyhridalis (the rush veneer). Fig. 35. Oncocera Cardui (the thistle ermine). Fig. 36. Oncocera Carnella (the rosy veneer). Fig. 37. Oncocera sanguinella (the buff-edged rosy veneer). Fig. 38. Araxes Miniosella (the flame veneer). Fig. 39. Araxes Lotella (the pale-edged flame veneer). Fig. 40. Araxes Ocellea (the necklace veneer). Fig. 41. Araxes Ahenella (the mouse-coloured veneer). Fig. 42. Prionapteryx nebulifera (the clouded veneer). The insects figured in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of Nos. 1, 8, 14, 17, 23, 30, 40, and 42, from the accurate figures of HUbner and Wood. H. N, H. Species 11, — Eudorea angustea — (Curtis; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1450; and our Plate CXV,, Fig. 1) — Expands 6 or 7 lines; fore wings narrow, elongated, ashy-brown, with darker clouds, and three whitish streaks — the first, near the base, broadly edged on both sides with brown ; the second, strongly incurved beyond the middle (and between these three indistinct dusky marks, the outer one somewhat resembling the Greek chi, placed on a dusky space) ; the apical portion of the wing brownish, with an outwardly curved white streak, and a marginal row of black dots. Taken near London, and in various parts of Kent, in June. Species 12. — Eudorea pusilla — (Plate CXV., fig. 2.) — Expands 6^ lines ; fore wings very pale luteous or straw-coloured, slightly irrorated with black scales ; an ill-defined abbreviated dark fascia towards the base, a central spot also almost obsolete, followed by a slender blackish striga, curved outwardly in the middle, edged outwardly with white, and followed by a dusky space, and a marginal row of black dots ; hind wings very pale buff. Taken at Tunbridge, in Kent, and communicated from Mr. Bentley^s collection with the above name. Species 13. — Eudorea mercurella '' — (Linnasus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1449 ; and our Plate CXV,, Fig. 3) — Expands about 8 lines ; fore wings ashy-buff and clouded, with two irregular, slender, brown, waved streaks in the ordinary position, and between them a whitish patch surrounded by a 8-like black mark ; the apical part of the wing darker brown, with irregular whitisli transverse streaks, and a row of minute black dots along the apical margin. Common on trunks of trees through the summer. " Synonyme. — Tinea cratcsgella, HUbner. Ji^.m i \ i i AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 229 PHYCITA, Curtis. PHYCIS, Fabricius. The labial palpi are as long as the head, and recurved in front of the face ; the terminal joint being slender, elongate-ovate, and much shorter than the preceding ; the maxillary palpi are scarcely visible ; the antenna are long and setaceous, with the second and several following joints producing a large oval mass of scales in the males of some species ; the body is rather robust, and the fore wings are convoluted in repose ; the anterior elongate-trigonate, with the apical margin rather rounded ; the disc often marked with two transverse pale streaks. Species 1. — Phycita nebdlella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1451 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 4) — Expands 9 or 10 lines ; fore wings glaucous- white, with two or three short black strokes before the middle, arranged transversely, and two others beyond the middle towards the costa, with an obscure dusky streak beyond the latter, and an apical row of small blackish dots. Taken at Darenth, and in Epping Forest, in June. Species 2. — Phycita bin^vella — (Germar; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1452; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 5) — Expands 9 lines ; fore wings narrow, and more rounded at the tip than in the last species, ashy-bufi", with two rather elongate black dots before, and two minute ones beyond the middle, and with an incurved pale streak beyond the latter ; hind wings ashy-gray. New Forest, in July. Species 3. — Phycita dilutella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1453 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 6) — Expands 9 lines ; fore wings narrow, and ashy-coloured, partly irrorated with brown scales, and with two reddish strigse, partially edged with white, between which is a duplicated black spot, and a row of black dots on tlie apical margin ; hind wings brown. Taken in woods, in June and July. Species 4. — Phycita elutella — (Hiibner, &c, ; Wood, fig. 1454 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 7) — Expands 8 to 8|- lines ; fore wings narrow, pale-ashy, pulverose, with dusky atoms, with two very indistinct palish strigsB, the first rather dusky on the side near the base, and the outer one dusky within ; hind wings whitish. Hedges near woods, in June. Species 5. — Phycita rufa — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1455 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 8) — Expands 72 to 8 Unes ; fore wings narrow, very pale red, with two very faint paler transverse strigae, the outer one bent outwardly ; hind wings whitish-ash. Taken in gardens and woods, in July and August. Species 6. — Phycita angitstella — (Hiibner ; Wood, fig. 1456 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 9) — Expands 8 to 8i lines ; fore wings narrow, whitish, rather clouded with ashy, with two very fine brown streaks before, and another darker and much bent beyond the middle, with a dark spot near the former, and four others in a square towards the latter ; apical margin with a row of small black dots ; hind wings white. Gardens and skirts of woods, in June. Species 7.— Phycita SEMIRUFA — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1457; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 10) — Expands 8 to 9 lines ; fore wings narrow, ashy, slightly atomose, with two almost obsolete darker striga, between which is a red patch in the middle of the inner margin ; hind wings ashy- white. Woods and forests, in June. Species 8.— Phycita bistriga— (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1458; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 11)— Expands about 9 lines ; fore wings purplish-red, with a whitish transverse striga towards the base, and another •230 BRITISH MOTHS rather curved beyond the middle ; the basal and apical parts of the wing duller coloured, the latter with a very faint subapical striwa, and a row of minute black dots ; hind wings brown. Borders of woods, in June. Species 9. — Phycita tdmidana " — (Wien. Verz., &c. ; Wood, fig. 1459 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 12) — Expands from 7\ to lOi lines ; fore wings clouded with gray and ferruginous, with a transverse brown striga near the base, edged internally with white ; beyond the middle of the disc are two blackish dots, and a very flexuous whitish subapical striga, bordered on each side with rusty brown ; hind wings deep brown. Woods and forests, in June. " SvNONTME. — Tinea verrucella,}lubneT, &c. Species 10.— Phycita fascia— (Ha worth," &c. ; Wood, fig. 1460 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 13)— Expands 9 lines ; fore wings reddish-ash, with a red patch at the base, and a very broad, brownish-red, or pm-plish fascia in the middle, edged with brown, and bearing a palish space towards the costa, in which are two black dots. Epping Forest, &c., in June. ^ Synonyme. — Phycis sunvelia, Zinken g. Sommer. Species 11. — Phycita advenella — (Zinck. g. Somm., &c. ; Wood, fig. 1461 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 14) — Expands 8 lines ; fore wings red at the base, then a nearly straight, but rather oblique, blackish streak, edged inwardly with white, and another more flexuous beyond the middle ; the intermediate space chesnut- brown, and clouded with pale grayish-bufif ; apical portion red-brown. Woods and forests, in June j but rare. Species 12. — Phycita marmorea — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1462 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 15) — Expands 9 lines ; fore wings ashy, with a straight, red, central streak, outwardly white, and another slender and waved towards the apical margin ; the intermediate space with a black waved fascia, furcate towards the costa, and outwardly edged with white ; the disc with a dusky crescent ; hind wings brownish. Woods, in June and July. Species 13. — Phycita porphyrea — (Curtis ; Wood, fig. 1463 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 16)— Expands 8i lines ; fore wings varied with bay and dove-coloured, with a very oblique white streak towards the base, followed by a triangular dark patch on the costa ; on the disc are two brown dots, and beyond these a subapical, waved, pale streak, which becomes white at the costa, edged with ferruginous brown ; hind wings brown. Epping and New Forest, in June. Species 14. — Phycita consociella — (Hiibner, &c. ; AVood, fig. 1464 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 17) — Expands 8 lines ; fore wings clouded with darky-ashy and purplish-brown, with a transverse, slightly curved, rather broad, blackish streak near the base, edged within with white ; two small dots on the disc beyond the middle, and a subapical dusky streak, edged with pale brown ; hind wings gray. Coombe Wood, end of June. Species 15. — Phycita Khenella ■ — (Schifi'ermiiller, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1465 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 18) — Expands 9 or 10 lines; fore wings dove-coloured ashy, with a wide, transverse, brown fascia before the middle, with a short, very oblique, white streak from the costa on its inner margin ; in the middle of the disc ai-e two dark dots, and beyond them the wings are reddish-brown, with an obscure, whitish waved striga ; hind wings gray- brown. Darenth Wood, Ripley, &c., at the end of July. ' Synonyhe. — Tinea palumbella, Huhntr. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 231 Species 16. — Phycita pinguis — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1466 ; Curtis, pi. 233 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 19) — Expands about 11 lines ; fore wings dull pale-ochreous, freckled with black; a very large black cloud between the base and middle of the wing, within which is a slender, pale-waved streak, and beyond the middle is another pale waved line, edged with black within, and more suflFused towards the apical margin, which has a row of six or seven minute black spots ; hind wings paler with a dark border. Near Chelsea, and in the Green Park, by Mr. Marshall, at the beginning of July. Species 17- — Phycita hostilis — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1467, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 20) — Expands 1 inch ; fore wings brownish, the base somewhat ferruginous, towards the middle is a broadish brownish- waved dark fascia, including a pale streak, the space beyond this is slightly clouded, and bears a brown lunule near the costa, followed b)' another dark fascia, in which is a pale waved streak, angulated near the anal angle, the apical margin with an interrupted brown line ; hind wings brown. Darenth Wood and Ripley, in June. Species 18. — Phycita Formosa — (Haworth ; Wood fig. 1468, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 21) — Expands 10 lines ; fore wings ashy-red, the base purplish, a deep black, slightly waved, nearly central fascia narrowed behind, and inclosing a pale waved line on the inner margin, beyond this is a short black streak, rather oblique, and towards the apical margin is another waved black streak, bearing a ])ale one : apical margin dotted with black ; hind wings brown. Darenth Wood, about the beginning of July, on the white-thorn. Species 19. — Phycita stigmatella — (Plate CXV., Fig. 22) — Expands 11 lines; fore wings gray- brown ; the costa widely gray from the base to the middle of the wing, where arises a waved, slender, trans- verse white streak ; another, more angulated, is placed half-way between it and the apical margin, the inter- mediate space being grayish-black, with some black, stigma-like marks in the middle ; the inner margin brown ; apical margin gray, with a row of black dots, preceded by a slender, brownish-waved stripe ; hind wings and body pale brown. Taken at Coombe Wood, and communicated from Mr. Bentley's cabinet with the above name. Species 20. — Phycita obtusa — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1469, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 23) — Expands 9^ lines ; fore wings dusky black and atomose, sometimes with a reddish tinge, a flexuous whitish transverse streak towards the base, a short one arising from the middle of the costa, and a third oblique and waved near the apical margin, which bears a row of brown dots ; hind wings whitish-ash. Darenth Wood, June, but very rare. Species 21. — Phycita obscora — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1470, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 24) — Expands 9 lines ; all the wings deep brown, the fore ones with dark atoms, and with an obscure ashy dot, encircled with black, beyond the middle, followed by an almost obsolete whitish waved line ; apical margin with dusky dots. Taken near London, in June, but very rare. Species 22. — Phycita oenatella^ — (Wien. Verz., &c. ; Wood, fig. 1471, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 25) — Expands 9 to 10^ lines ; fore wings brownish, clouded with black and white, and with several longish black spots and dots placed together behind the middle, occasionally preceded on the costa by a chesnut-coloured patcli, and beyond this is a white streak, edged within with brown ; apical margin white, with black dots ; inner mar riu also dotted with black. Woods and forests, in June. ' Synonyme Tinea cristella ? Hubner ; Hawortli, &c. 232 BRITISH MOTHS Species 23, — Phycita abietella'' — (Wien. Verz., &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1472, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 26) — Expands 10 to 12 lines; fore wings varied with black and hoary, the former colour forming transverse streaks, a distinct whitish streak before, and another, more flexuous, beyond the middle, edged with black within, and between them is a central whitish dot ; apical margin dotted with black ; hind wings dirty white. Colney Hatch, New Forest, and Devonshire, in June. ^ SvNoNVME. — Tinea decuriella^ Hiibner ; Curtis. Species 24. — Phycita ROBORELLAb — (Wien. Verz., &c. ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 27) — Expands 1 inch ; fore wings dark purplish-grey, stained in various parts with rusty ; before the middle of the wings is a nearly transverse gray stripe, and a more oblique slender black, rather wavy line, followed on the inner margin of the wing by a gray space ; at a little distance beyond the middle is an irregular dark eye-like mark, with a gray centre, and beyond this a slender blackish transverse streak, angulated inwardly towards the costa, and outwardly edged with gray ; apical margin with a row of black dots ; hind wings golden-brown. Common near London and elsewhere in June. 1 Synonyme. — Tinea spissicornis, Fabricius ; Haworth, &c. Species 25. — Phycita legatella — (Hubner, &c. ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 28) — Expands 11 lines; closely allied to the preceding species, of which it is most probably only a variety, having the wings of a more uniform gray-brown tint, entirely destitute of the rusty or purple tinge, and with the markings almost obsolete. Common near London. Species 26. — Phycita cristella — (Hiibner? Haworth, &c.) — Expands 1 inch; fore vyings purplish- red, slightly clouded with gray, with two brownish curved streaks, edged with whitish, one sub-basal and the other sub-apical ; hind wings brownish. Common in hedges near woods at the end of June. Species 27. — Phycita fusca — (Haworth ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 29) — Expands 1 inch ; fore wings sooty black, with a black patch beyond the middle towards the costa, and another on the costa near the apex, indicating an almost obsolete streak across the wing, angulated towards the costa ; apical margin with a row of black dots ; hind wings dusky buff, with darker veins and margin. Taken from fir-trees in June, and described from Mr. Bentley's collection. Species 28. — Phycita tristrigella— (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1473, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 30) — Expands 1 1 lines ; fore wings brown, with three flexuous whitish streaks, the first sub-basal, the second very oblique and sub-central, and the third, towards the apical margin, between the first and second and second and third streaks, is a blackish cloud, the latter one towards the costa ; apical margin with a row of wedge-shaped dusky dots ; hind wings deep brown. Darenth Wood in June, but very rare. Species 29. — Phycita palumbella — (Wien. Verz., Wood, fig. 1474, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 31) — Expands 12 to 13 lines ; fore wings narrow, ashy, with paler clouds in front ; before the middle is a ferruginous or rosy fascia, edged with black ; in the middle is a black crescent, and beyond this a second rose-coloured fascia, edged with a curved black line within ; apical margin with an interrupted black line ; hind wings whitish. Taken in woods and forests in June. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 233 HOMCEOSOMA, Curtis. The labial palpi are porrected horizontally considerably beyond tlie head, slender and tapering ; the spiral tongue much shorter than the antennje, which are simple and setaceous ; tlie palpi minute, tlie abdomen termi- nated by a pencil of scales ; the wings are convoluted in repose, the fore ones narrow, sub-lanceolate, and rather obtuse ; the hind ones simple. Species 1. — Homceosoma gemina — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1475, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 32) — Expands T- to 9 lines ; fore wings pale ochre, with an irregular brown bar in the middle, another forming a border on the apical margin, and a third between them, with a faint crescent attached to it within. Epping Forest, June. Species 2. — Homceosoma cinerea — (Plate CXV., Fig. 33) — Expands 11| lines ; entirely of a pale ashy- buff or stone colour ; the hind wings rather lighter in colour, at a little distance before the middle of the fore wings is a very slight, transverse, rather incurved streak, beyond the middle towards'the costa is a dusky dot, and between this and the apex is a slender dusky line, angulated towards the costa, where it is most distinct ; near the tip of the costa is a slight dusky spot. Taken by Mr. Joseph Standish near Eeading, Berks, and communicated from Mr. Bentley's cabinet with the name employed above. NOMOPHILA, HiiBNER SCOPULA, Pars, Curtis. The type of this genus has long narrow fore wings, which are more transparent than ordinary ; the palpi are four in number, the labial porrected forwards and ascending, being thickly clothed with scales ; the body is long and slender, with a small tuft at the apex, and the hind wings are large, with short cilia ; in repose the wings are convoluted. • Species 1. — Nomophila htbridalis ^ — (Hiibner, &c. ; AVood, fig. 1476, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 34) — Expands 10 to 14 lines i fore wings ashy, or reddish-brown, with two large dark trapeziform patches, one rather before, and the other beyond the middle ; on the costa, near the tip, are several dark dots, and a row of wedge- shaped spots on the apical margin. Taken in hedges and grassy places in July and August. *■ Synonyme. — Tinea noctuella, Wien. Verz. ONCOCERA, Stephens. The palpi are four in number ; the labial ones long, slender, and erect ; the terminal joint long, slender, and acute ; the spiral tongue is short ; the antennae in the males are furnished with a tuft of scales at the base ; the wings are convoluted in repose, the anterior elongate- triangular, with the apex sub-truncate, the hind ones much folded : the body is long and slender, and tufted at the tip, in the males. .Species 1. — Oncocera carddi <■ — (Haworth, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1477; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 35) — Expands 14 or 16 lines ; fore wings white, with numerous black dots ; hind wings brown, with the base and inner margin white. Taken on thistles, in August, but rare. ' Synonyme. — Tinea cribella, Hiibner. VOL. II. H H 234 BRITISH MOTHS Species 2. — Oncocera carnella — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1478 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 36) — Expands 12 or 14 lines ; fore wings rosy-red, sometimes suffused with brown, with the inner margin broadly- pale yellow, or buff; hind wings brown. Near London, Dover, Hertford, &c. ; July. Species 3. — Oncocera sanguinella '' — (Hiibner, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1479 ; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 37) — Expands 12 to 15 lines ; fore wings rosy, or blood-red, sometimes suffused with brown ; costa pale whitish, and inner margin pale yellow ; hind wings brown. Dover, &c., in July and August : probably a variety of the preceding. ■• Synonyme. — Phal. Tinea Carnella, Donovan v., pi. 153, f. 5. ARAXES, Stephens. These insects differ from the preceding by having the antennje simple in both sexes ; the labial palpi are also much longer than the head, and horizontally porrected, with the terminal joint attenuated and scarcely deflexed ; the fore wings are elongate, sublanceolate, rounded on the apical margin, convoluted in repose, and generally longitudinally divided in their colours, the costa being palest. Species 1. — Araxes miniosella — (Gerraar, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1482; and our Plate CXV., Fig. 38) — Expands 9 to 10 lines ; fore wings, with the costa broadly whitish ; the disc rosy, shaded to ochreous on the inner margin ; hind wings ashy-gray, with a reddish tinge. Taken on the coasts of Lancashire, Cumberland, &c., in June. Species 2. — Araxes lotella — (Hiibner? Wood, fig. 1481, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 39) — Expands 10 lines; fore wings ochraceous, powdered with testaceous; hind wings ashy-gray, with white fringe : probably a variety of the former. Coast of Lancashire, in June. Species 3. — Araxes ocellea — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1480, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 40) — Expands \\\ lines; fore wings brownish, with a nearly obsolete geminated, yellowish striga in the middle, and two or three very short ones at the apex of the costa ; apical margin, towards the anal angle, with a row of six ocellated spots with black pupils ; hind wings brown, with white fringe. A single specimen, taken near London, is in Mr. Stephens's collection, obtained from that of Mr. Haworth. Species 4. — Araxes ahenella"^ — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1483, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 41) — Expands 9 to 14 lines ; fore wings obscure brown, with a very indistinct purplish-brown straight striga before, and another, flexuous, towards the costa, beyond the middle ; hind wings paler brown. Darenth Wood, Hert- ford, &c., in June. ' Synonymes. — Crambus obscuratus, Haworth. Palparia tetriXf Haworth. PRIONAPTERYX, Stephens. The fore wings of this genus are elongate-triangular, with three or four deep serratures towards the extremity of the costa, and the apical margin deeply emarginate ; the labial palpi are rather long, stout, and densely squamose, porrected like a beak ; the antennae of the males are slightly pectinated beneath, and the body is rather long and slender, and slightly tufted at the extremity in the males. n.iit,. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 235 Species 1. — Prionapteryx nebulifera — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1484, and our Plate CXV., Fig. 42) — Expands 91 lines; fore wings white, costa pale brown, except at the tip : towards the base of the inner margin is an ovate blackish-brown spot, and in the middle a larger irregular one, divided by an indented white streak, another indented white streak near the extremity of the costa ; hind wings whitish. A single specimen, of un- known locality, in Mr. Stephens's cabinet. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXVI. Insects.— Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 Fig. 7, Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10, Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. lo, Fig. 16. Fig. 17. Fig. 18, Fig. 19, Fig. 20. Crambus Lythaigyrellus (the dark streaked satio veneer). Crambus Argyreus (the streaked satin veneer). Crambus Arbustorum (the yellow satin veneer). Crambus Argentellus (tlie white satin veneer). Crambus dealbellus (the ivory veneer). Crambus tentaculellus (the Portland veneer). Crambus hamellus (the pearl streak veneer), Crambus pascuellus (the inlaid veneer). Crambus scoticus. Crambus ericellus (the heath veneer). Crambus pratellus (the dark inlaid veneer), Crambus angustellus (the narrow winged veneer). Crambus hortuellus (the garden veneer). Crambus cespitellus (the straw coloured veneer). Crambus montanellus (the dark mountain veneer). Crambus marginellus (the bordered veneer). Crambus Latistrius (the broad streaked veneer). Crambus pinetellus (the pearl veneer). Crambus Chrysonuchellus (the powdered veneer). Crambus rorellus (the chalk-hill veneer). Insects. — Fig. 21. Crambus falsellus (the chequered veneer). Fig. 22. Crambus luteellus (the barred veneer). Fig. 23. Crambus tristis (the dingy veneer). Fig. 24. Crambus inquinatellus (the elbow striped veneer). Fig. 25. Crambus aridellus (the chalk veneer). Fig. 26. Crambus selasellus (the dark-edged veneer). Fig. 27. Crambus Obtusellus (the blunt winged veneer). Fig. 28. Crambus petrificellus (the common veneer). Fig. 29. Crambus aquilellus (the dusky yellow veneer). Fig. 30. Crambus paleellus (the large yellow veneer.) Fig. 31. Crambus culmorum (the brown-edged veneer). Fig. 32. Crambus fuscelinellus (the brown veneer). Fig. 33. Crambus nigristriellus (the black streaked veneer). Fig. 34. Crambus culmellus (the small straw-coloured). Fig. 35. Crambus cerusellus (the dark dwarf veneer). Fig. 36. Crambus pygmaeus. 37. A dark variety (the pygmy veneer). Fig. 38. Crambus radiellas (the streaked mountain veneer.) Fig. 39. Crambusmargaritellus (the pearl-streaked veneer). The whole of the Insects on this Plate are from specimens in the ricli cabinet of Mr, Bentley. CRAMBUS, Fabricius. This very extensive genus has the fore wings narrow, obliquely truncated at the extremity, and very much convoluted during repose, (whence the name of Close-moths given to these insects,) the fore palpi are distinct, the maxillary exserted, and the labial very long, beak-like, and slender, porrected in front of the head, with the third joint long and attenuated ; the antennae all alike in both sexes, and the body is rather short, obtuse, and slightly tufted at the tip in the males. The fore wings are often adorned with metallic, pearly, or pale radiating marks on a yellowish ground, or are more or less silvery. They abound in grassy places. Species 1. — Crambus lythargyrellus — (Hiibner, kc; Wood, fig. 1485; and our Plate CXVI., Fig. 1) — Expands 9 to 12 lines ; fore wings glossy white, with lurid, longitudinal streaks, varying very greatly in extent, being sometimes suffused nearly over the wing, and in others very faint ; apical margin with a row of blackish dots ; hind wings pale lurid. New Forest, Devonshire, Kent, &c., in July and August. Species 2. — Crambus argyreus — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1486 ; and our Plate CXVI., Fig. 2) — Expands 11 to 13 lines; fore wings pearl-coloured, immaculate, and silky, with longitudinal, tarnished, silvery streaks ; the veins edged behind with brownish : hind wings livid white. Chalky places, Kent, Surrey, &c., in July and August. Species 3. — Crambus Arbustorum — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1487 ; and our Plate CXVI., Fig. 3) — Expands 11 to 13 lines; fore wings immaculate, silky, with a tarnished silvery gloss ; hind wings brown, with white fringe. Near London, Dover, New Forest, &c., in July and August. u h2 2a 6 BRITISH MOTHS Species 4. — Ckambus Argentellus ' — (LinnEeus, &c.; Wood, fig. 1488 ; and our Plate CXVI., Fi. ~ ■-.>- A Species 1. — Harpipteryx dentella ^ — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1531 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 8) **-*''■*■ ("''V — Expands 8 to 9^ lines; fore wings very falcate, purplish-brown ; the inner margin with a waved white streak emitting a branch towards the costa beyond the middle ; hind vrings brown. The caterpillar feeds on the honeysuckle ; and the moth appears through the summer, and is common in gardens. » Synonyme. — Tinea harpella, Hiibner ; Curtis. Species 2. — Harpipteryx palcella *■ — (Hiibner ? Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1532 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 9) — Expands 8 to 10 lines ; fore wings deep ashy-brown, with a purplish copper tinge, with darker atoms; the inner margin ashy-whitish, with two or three black patches ; hind wings ashy-gray, slightly metallic. New Forest, in the summer. "> Synonyme. — Harpipteryx subfalcatella, Blunt IIS. ; Curtis. Species 3. — Harpipteryx scabrella'' — (Linnseus; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 535 ; Wood, fig. 1533 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 10) — Expands 9 to 10 lines ; fore wings falcate, with the costal portion pale-bufi', ^vith dusky streaks ; the inner portion dull castaneous purple, with incomplete pale stria, and black tufts of scales : hind wings whitish, with the margin brownish. It varies considerably in the strength of its markings. It is stated to feed on the common plum. The moth appears in June and July. ' Synonyme. — Tinea pterodaclylelta, Hiibner; Haworth. HYPSOLOPHA, HSbner. This genus has the labial palpi straight, and directed forwards ; the tip clothed with long scales forming a deflexed beak ; in one species the fore wings are strongly falcate, as in the preceding, the others have the apical margin truncate, and the tip acute ; the head has a short crest of scales, and the body is rather long and slender. AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 243 Species 1. — Hypsolopha Asperella "* — (Linnaeus, &c.; Wood, fig. 1534; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 11) — Expands 7^ to 9 lines ; fore wings yellowish-white, rough, the disc with obscure atoms, the inner margin with two black patches, fonning the base of an ochraceous, angulated mark extending into the disc of the wing ; the apical portion also dotted with black ; the tip strongly falcate. The caterpillar feeds on apple and other fruit trees ; and the moth appears in autumn. Taken by Mr. Dale, in Dorsetshire, &c. ^ Stnonyme. — Phalcena Tinea falcatella, Donovan, x, pi. 3S5, fig. 5. Species 2. — Hypsolopha antennella ^ — ("Wien. Verz. ; Steph., &c. ; Wood, fig. 1 535 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 12) — Expands 8 or 9 lines ; fore wings retuse, with the tip mucronated, of a yellowish colour, thickly irrorated with pale brown net-like marks ; hind wings pale brown ; front of body white. Woods, in Surrey and Kent, in July and August. ' Synontmb. — Hypsolophia mucronellus, Hiibner ; Haworth. Species 3. — Hypsolopha Persicella ^ — (Wien. Verz. ; Steph. ; Wood, fig. 1536 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 13) — Expands 9^ lines ; fore wings bright golden red, shining, with two oblique, dusky, abbreviated fascis extending from the inner margin ; hind wings ashy. The caterpillar feeds on fruit-trees, and the moth appears in July : New Forest, &c. ' Synqnvmes. — Vpsolophus nemorum, Fabr.; Leach. Tinea sylvella, Hiibner ; Cartis. CH^TOCHILUS, Stephens. YPSOLOPHUS, Curtis. The labial palpi are rather long, curved upwards, with loug scales directed forwards like a beak, the last joint rising from them like a spur, on the middle of the upper edge ; the antennse are rather lonw and slender and recurved during rest ; the head is tufted in front, and the fore wings are very long, narrow, lanceolate, and incumbent during repose. Species 1. — Ch.s;tochilus costellus s — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1537; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 14) — Expands about 8 lines, extremely variable ; fore wings golden-brown, ochreous-white, whitish or white ■ more or less thickly spotted with brown, reddish-ash, brownish or black, with a large, oblonc, whitish patch at the base towards the costa, and occasionally a second one towards the hinder angle ; hind wings ashy or paler. Very common in woods, &c., in August and September. kSyhonymes. — Ypsolophui ochroleucus, ermineua and ustulatus, Haworth, (varieties). Species 2. — CasTocHiLUs pissellus — (Hubner, &c.; Wood, fig. 1538; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 15) — Expands 8 to 9 lines ; fore wings white, ochreous-brown, or reddish, with a straight, broad, black streak from the base to the tip, bearing a darker dot towards the apex ; hind wings and fringe brown. Common in woods, in the autumn. Species 3. — CHanocHims radiatellus — (Donovan 3, pi. 77, figs. 3, 4, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1539 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 16) — Expands 8 to 9^ lines ; fore wings shining golden-red, reddish or brownish, with various more or less distinct, paler, radiating markings on the darker ground, or dark radii on the lighter ground, and a slender central one darker ; occasionally varied with black spots, and with a conspicuous black dot near the apes. Taken in woods, in the autumn. Species 4. — CmETocHiLUS variellus" — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1540; and our Plate CXVII., Fitrs. 17,18) — Expands 8 or 9 lines. This is also an extremely variable species ; fore wings rufous, golden-red, ii2 244 BRITISH MOTHS brown, clay-coloured, or whitish, varied and spotted with black or brown, and with a short black streak at the base of the inner margin, and a black dot near the apex. Common in woods, &c., in the autumn. ' Synonyme. — Vpsolophus 5-puTictatus, lutosus and flaviciliatus, Haworth, (varieties). Species 5. — CniETocHiLUS sylvellus ' — (Hiibner ; Steph.; "Wood, fig. 1541 ; and our Plate CXVII., ■p\a. 19) — Expands 8^ to 9 lines ; fore wings golden-brown, shining, with two obUque rusty fasciae in the middle ; the first nearly straight, and the second rather curved ; hind wings ashy-gray. In woods, &c., in September. ' Sthohyhe. — yptolophus bifasciatus, HawortL. Species 6. — Ch^etochilus rufimetrelltjs — (Hiibner, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1542 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fitr. 20) — Expands 8 to 9 lines ; fore wings blackish, more or less obsoletely varied with brown clouds ; hind wings ashy-brown, forehead red. Near London, in the autumn. Species 7- — Ch:.etochiltis maurelltjs — (Wien. "Verz., &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1543, and our Plate CX"VII., Fig. 21) — Expands 8 to 9 lines; fore wings deep black, varying to dusky, with a bluish or purplish gloss, and sometimes with the costa broadly but irregularly paler brownish ; hind wings dusky and shining. Round London, in the autumn. Species 8. — Ch^tochilus vittellus — (Linn. ; (Faun. Suec.,) &c.; Wood, fig. 1544 ; and our Plate CX'VIL, Fig. 22) — Expands 7 to 8^ lines ; fore wings ashy, more or less clouded, with an irregular black streak along the inner margin (sometimes nearly half the width of the wing), and some obscure black dots on the apical margin ; hind wings ashy-brown, and glossy. Common in woods, on trunks of trees, and in hedges, in the autumn. Species 9. — Ch.etochilus sequelltts — (Ijinnasus, &c. ; Steph. 111., pi. 40, fig. 2 ; "Wood, fig. 1545 ; and our Plate CXVII., Fig. 23) — Expands 8i to 10 lines ; fore wings white or whitish, with numerous short, black, irregular streaks and dots on the costa, some being furcate, and others connected together on the disc, and with several large black patches on tlie inner margin, which are united into a continuous, irregular streak ; hind wings pale ashy-brown. Taken in July and August, at Westerham and Darenth, and near Ripley. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXVIII. Insf-cts. —Fig. J» Fig. 79 Fig. 9> Fig. 9t Fig. JJ Fig. 3i Fig. » Fig. J» Fig. 1. Cerostoma porrectella (the gray streak). 2. Cerostoma anaulatella (the annulateJ). 3. Cerostoma maculipennis (the spotted winged). 4. Cerostoma Xylostella (the honeysuckle). 5. Tinea tapetzella (the black-cloaked wooUeo). 6. Tinea semifulvclla (the fulvous-tip). 7. Tinea ustella (the "white-backed black). 8. Tinea fiavicostella. 9. Tinea fuscipiinctella (tht* brown-dotted woollen). Fig. 10. Tinea pellionella (the single-spotted woollen). Fig. 11. Tinea ni^punctella (the luauy-sputted jellow). Fig. 12. Tiuca albipunctclla (the white-speckled black). Fig. 13. Tir.ea flavesceutella (the triple-spotted buff). Insects. — Fig. 14. Tinea lappella (the triple-spotted yellow), ,j Fig. 15. Tinea sulphurella (the sulphur). „ Fig. 16. Tinea destructor (the destructive). „ Fig. 17. Tinea cloacella (the dark-mottled woollen). „ Fig. 18. Tinea granella (the mottled woollen). „ Fig. 19. Tinea parasitella (the light-brindled woollen). „ Fig. 20. Tinea corticella (tlie bark). ,, Fig. 21- Euplocamus mediellus (the agaric). Plant. — Fig. 22. Cucubalus Baccifer (Berry-bearing Campion). The insects figured in this plate are from the Cabiuet of Mr. Bentley* with the exception of Albipunctella, Sulphurella, and Cortl- cella, from Wood. CEROSTOMA, Latreille. These insects are nearly allied to the preceding, especially in the structure of the palpi, but differ from them in the curious habit of sitting with the antenna3 porrected forwards, like some of the Phrj'ganeidre ; the fore TL IIS. > M ^ ^tv? ^(^ ^ ^ ^ Ife AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. O45 wings are also narrower and rounded behind, with the inner margin with a more or less waved pale streak ; the spiral tongue is long and slender. The caterpillars of one of the species form very elegant open-work silk cases, which permit the inclosed chrysalis to be perceived through the meshes. Species 1. — Cerostoma porrectellaJ — (LinnsBus, &c.; Wood, fig. 1546; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 1) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings whitish, or pale buff, with the inner margin rather broadly but irregularly sinuated, white, edged in front with ashy-black, and with some black patches at the extremity of the costa ; apical margin with an oblique brown patch ; hind wings pale brown. The caterpillar feeds on the buds of the White Rocket, in my garden at Hammersmith, and the chrysalis is enclosed within a beautiful open net-work cocoon. The moth appears in June and August. J Synonymes. — Tinea HesperideUa, Hiibner, &c. Ypsolophus vittatuSy Fabricius. Species 2. — Cerostoma annttlatella — (Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 420 ; Wood, fig. 1547 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 2) — Expands 8| lines ; variable in colour ; fore wings more or less varied, and spotted with brown ; inner margin pale ochre, but with a row of minute dark dots, its inner margin indented, and the costa dotted and spotted with brown ; hind wings ashy. North of England and Scotland, in July and August. Species 3. — Cerostoma maculipennis — (Curtis ; Wood, fig. 1548 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 3) — Expands 7 lines ; " dirty ochre ; fore wings freckled with brown, inferior margin dark brown, with three large ochreous spots, one towards the base, another at the centre, and a third near the posterior angle." August, Scotland ; and September, in Hampshire. Species 4. — Cerostoma xylostella — (Linnasus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1549 ; and our Plate CXVIII,, Fig. 4) — Expands 6 to 7w lines ; fore wings much narrower than in the preceding species, pale ashy-brown, with tlie inner margin occupied by a sinuate white streak, extending to the anal angle, edged in front with a darker shade ; hind wings pale brown. Taken throughout the summer, and in October, in gardens and woods. TINEA, LiNN^us, &c. Like several of the preceding genera, the head is strongly tufted in front, but the tuft is woolly, and tlie labial palpi are small, but slightly setose, with all the joints distinct ; the spiral tongue is very short, being, in fact, shorter than the maxillary palpi, which are fleshy and slender, and apparently five-jointed ; the wings are very much deflexed in repose, the fore ones elongate-linear, having an oily appearance. Tlie caterpillars are fleshy, and inhabit cases, which they construct of various woollen and other materials, (being for the most part domestic, and very destructive to woollens, furs, feathers, carpets, grain, &c.,) in which they reside and undergo their transformations. From their habits they are known by the ordinary name of Clothes Moths. Species I. — Tinea tapetzella — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1550; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 5) — Expands from 5 to 10 lines ; fore wings black at the base, extending nearly to the middle, whence they are Vhite, with various nearly obsolete small ashy clouds, and two dots near the tip ; hind wings ashy ; head white. Common in houses through the summer. Species 2. — Tinea semifdlvella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1551 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 6) — Expands 9^ lines ; fore wings shining pale fulvous gray, or yellowish, with the apical margin broadly dark 246 BRITISH MOTHS fulvous, as well as the fringe, and with a small dark dot near the anal angle ; hind wings brown-leaden and shining. In various places round London, in June. Species 3. — Tinea vestianella "^ — (Linnssus? Stephens; Wood, fig. 1552) — Expands 7 to 10 lines; fore wings grayish-black, glossy, and mottled with small dark clouds, with a small pale patch on the disc before the middle ; fringe tawny, with small dusky patches at the base ; hind wings leaden-brown and glossy. Common in houses and outbuildings in the summer. '' SywoNYME. — Tinea saturalella, Haworth. Species 4. — Tinea ustella ' — (Linnseus ; Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1553 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 7) — Expands 5i Unas ; fore wings black, and glossy, with a large yellow spot in the middle, the inner margin also occupied by an indented whitish-yellow streak, and some dots of the same colour at the extremity of the costa ; hind wings black, with a purple tinge ; head clothed with fulvous hairs. June and July, near London, but not common. ' SvNONYME. — Tinea femiginella^ Hubner. Species 5. — Tinea flavicostella — (Plate CXVIII., Fig. 8) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings blackish- brown, very glossy, the disc with a few elevated paler scales scattered over it ; the costa with a very narrow fulvous edging ; fringe concolorous ; hind wings ashy and glossy ; fringe pale brown. Communicated by Mr. Bentley, with the name employed above. Two specimens were taken at Margate in July. Species 6. — Tinea fuscipunctella — (Haworth. &c. ; Wood, fig. 1554 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 9) — Expands 6 to 71 lines ; fore wings grayish-ash and very glossy, slightly clouded, and with about four black dots scattered over the disc, the outer one largest ; hind wings pale ashy-brown. Found in houses, outhouses, &c., in the summer. Species 7. — Tinea pellionella — (LinnEeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1555 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 10) — Expands 5 to 7 lines ; fore wings ashy-brown, slightly clouded, or pale brown, glossy, with a black dot on the disc before the middle ; hind wings pale ashy-brown. Common in houses, &c., through the spring and summer. Species 8. — Tinea nigripunctella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1556; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 1 1 ) — Expands 5 to 6 lines ; fore wings tawny-yellow, very much dotted with black, the spots almost forming fascise ; head tawny ; hind wings pale ash. In houses, &c., through the spring and summer. Species 9. — Tinea albipunctella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1557 ; and our Plate CXVIII,, Fig. 12) —Expands 5^ lines ; fore wings ashy-black, irregularly clouded with numerous very minute white spots and streaks ; hind wings black, glossy, with deep blackish fringe. Taken in June and July in houses and gardens near London. Species 10. — Tinea flavescentella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1558 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 13) — Expands 7 to 7? lines ; fore wings very pale yellowish, with three almost obsolete brown dots, two placed transversely before, and the third beyond the middle ; hind wings yellowish-white ; head tawny ; palpi entirely pale yellow. Taken in houses, &c., in June, but not common. Species 11. — Tinea lappella"" — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1559; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 14) — Expands 5i to 7i lines ; fore wings yellowish ; the base of the costa, and three spots placed as in the preceding AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. ■ 247 species, black ; hind wings pale brown ; head tawny ; palpi black, with the tips tawny. Taken in woods and forests in June. " SvNoNYME. Tinea tripunctella, Fabricius ; Donovan, xi., pi. 382, fig. 3. Species 12. — Tinea sdlphurella— (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1560 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 15) — Expands 5 to 5^ lines ; fore wings narrow, slightly falcate, sulphur-coloured, with slight brown irrorations ; hind wings whitish-ash. Rare, in June. Obs. — Mr. Bentley informs us that the Tinea sulphurella of Haworth is identical with Gracillaria leucapennella. ', Species 13. — Tinea destructor — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1561 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 16)-^ Expands 5 to 7 lines ; fore wings entirely pale testaceous yellow ; hind ones pale testaceous ash ; fringe pale testaceous yellow ; forehead tawny. The larva attacks preserved animals, birds, insects, &c. The moth appears through the spring and summer in London. Species 14.— Tinea cloacella— (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1562; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 17)— Expands 5 to 7 lines ; fore wings brunneous-grey, slightly powdered, with white scales, and two large brown patches on the outer part of the costa, the outer one connected with a short, black, discoidal line ; hind wings black. Common in outbuildings, &c., during the summer. Species 15. — Tinea corticella— (Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 511 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 20) — Expands 8 lines ; fore wings whitish, varied with small ochreous, brown, and dark spots, the costa spotted with dark brown, the spots unequal in size ; in the middle of the disc is a triangular ochreous patch, and a subapical oblique irregular mark ; inner margin with two remote dark dots. Taken on trunks of trees in Kensington Gardens. It has been considered as a variety of the preceding. Species 16. — Tinea granella — (Linnsus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1563 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 18) — Expands 5 to ']\ lines ; fore wings livid, or hoary, and more or leas varied with blackish and white dissimilar shaped marks, approximating together ; hind wings leaden-black ; forehead white. The caterpillar attacks housed grain, and is occasionally productive of immense mischief in granaries. Species 17- — Tinea parasitella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1564 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 19) — Expands 7i to 9 lines ; fore wings ashy or rusty-brown, with whitish atoms, and with the disc more or less tesselated with pitchy dots, especially beyond the middle, the costa with some subapical broad whitish streaks ; hind wings brown. Found in June and July, near London and elsewhere, but not common. EUPLOCAMUS, Latrkille. SCARDIA, Treitschke. The antennae of the males are furnished with a double row of fascicles of hairs, appearing pectinated, the labial palpi are much longer than the head, bent upwards, vrith the terminal joint slender and exposed ; the spiral tongue is very short ; the fore wings very much deflexed in repose, long, sublanceolate, with the apical margin rounded. The caterpillars are fleshy and -slightly setose. They are sixteen-footed, and feed upon Boleti. E. anthracinellus and tessellus appear to have been introduced into our lists without sufficient authority. Species 1. — Euplocamus mediellus" — (Hiibner; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 591 ; Wood, fig. 1565 ; and our Plate CXVIII., Fig. 22) — Expands 12 to 15 lines; fore wings very glossy, * ochreous, dotted with white and 248 BRITISH MOTHS l)lack, witli two large dark patches on the costa, and a third, still larger, on the inner margin, forming together a triangle, the latter is more oblique, and extends considerably into the disc, and is streaked with black ; hind wings brown, with a purple tinge. Wanstead Flats, New Forest, Birch Wood, &c., but very rare ; in July, the females resting on the Aspen-trunks, round which the males fly at dusk. " Synonyme. — Nociua JBoleti, Fabricius. ACROLEPIA, Curtis. These insects have considerably the habit of some of the narrower-winged Tortricidaa, but Mr. Curtis considers them nearest to the restricted genus Tinea, from which they are distinguished by the smooth scaly head ; the labial palpi are slender and recurved in front of the face, the spiral tongue long, the maxillary palpi distinct ; the fore wings much deflexed in repose, elongate sublinear, with the apical margin rounded. Species 1. — Acrolepia betuletella — (Curtis, Brit. Ent., ])1. 679) — Expands 6i lines ; fore wings oehre- brown, slightly clouded and sparingly freckled with black and white dots ; costa with a few indistinct pale dots, inner margin with a large cream-coloured spot in the middle, edged with black, and bearing a dark line, and with several minute cream-coloured dots, edged with black. Taken on birch trees in Castle Eden Dene, Cumberland, at the beginning of August. Species 2. — Acrolepia autumnitella — (Curtis) — Fore wings mottled with brown, a large semi-ovate blackish spot at the middle of the costa, an elongated one towards the posterior margin, and numerous black dots and white scales on the disc, a trigonate cream-coloured spot in the middle of the inner margin, and one or two lines of the same towards the base ; hind wings brown, palest at the base. Taken at Glanville's Wootton, Dorsetshire, in the autumn. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXIX. Insects. — Fig. 1. Lepidocera Birdella (Mr. Bird's). ,, Fig. 2. Lepidocera mediopcctinella (the middle feathered) ,, Fig. 3. Lepidocera tauiella (the little bull). Fig. 4. Lepidocera chenopodiella (the spotted bull). ,, Fig. 5. Incurvaria ruasculclla (the feathered diamond-back). ,, Fig. 6. Incurvaria pectinella (the feathered twin spot). ,, Fig. 7. Incurvaria Oehlmanniella (Oehlmanii's). ,, Fig. 8. Incurvaria spuria (the spurious treble-spot). ,, Fig. 9. Incurvaria tripunctdla (the trebled-spotted). „ Fig, 10. Incurvaria rufimitrella. ,, Fig. II. Amaurosetia oppositella (the two-spotted brown). Insects. — Fisf. 12. Amaurosetia quadripunctella (the double-spotted brown), ,, Fig. 13. Amaurosetia minutella (the double gold-spotted). ,, Fig. 14. Amaurosetia cerusella (the triple-spotted white). ,, Fig. 15. Amaurosetia Albinella (Albin's). ,, Fig. 16. Amaurosetia Megerlclla (Megerle*s), „ Fig. 17. Amaurosetia albifrontella (the white fronted). Plant. — Fig. 18. Fumavia officinalis (common Fumitory). The whole of the insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of Nos. 4, 6, 8, 16, and 17. LEPIDOCERA, Stephens. The very densely squamose palpi and male antennas (except the tips of the latter) at once distinguish this genus, the spiral tongue is very short, the head tufted in front, the fore wings very squamose, nearly linear and truncated at the extremity, and the body is rather long and depressed. The species are small. Species 1. — Lepidocera birdeila — (Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 344 ; Wood, fig. 1566 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 1 ) — Expands 4-^ to 6^ lines ; fore wings dull reddish-ochre, with three fasci^3B, formed of minute black atoms, the middle one broadest ; hind wings coppery-brown, paler at the base. Liverpool, Hertford, and South Lambeth, but very rare, July. Ft Hi) ^ K ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ I I AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 249 Species 2. — Lepidocera mediopectinella— (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1567 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 2) — Expands 5 to 5 J lines; fore wings dull yellowish, obscurely clouded with brown ; hind wings pale brown ; antennas black, strongly pectinated in the middle. Taken in the Middlesex marshes to the east of London, in June. Species 3. — Lepidocera taurella — (HUbner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1568; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 3) — Expands 4^ to 5J lines ; fore wings rather narrow, ashy-brown, and almost destitute of shade, except along the apical margin, which is paler ; hind wings brownish in the male, white in the female, with a black border ; abdomen with a pale ochre subapical fascia ; antennse slightly thickened, with scales on the middle. Rare ; marshy places, about the beginning of July. Species 4. — Lepidocera chenopodiella — (Hiibner; Wood, fig. 1569 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 4) — Expands 5^ to 6 lines ; fore wings ashy-brown, with darker atoms and obscure irregular confluent, yellowish spots on the disc, placed longitudinally ; hind wings whitish, with the apical margin brown. Taken at Hertford and Barham, but extremely rare. INCURVARIA, Haworth. These insects have the head densely tufted in front and on the crown ; the antennae of the males are either strongly pectinated or stout and sub-filiform, and those of the female simple ; the labial palpi are rather small and drooping ; the third joint short and very slender, and the maxillary palpi are as long as the labial, and incurved ; the fore wings are very much deflexed in repose, and somewhat lanceolate, of metallic brown colours, and generally with pale spots. Species 1. — Inccrvakia mascdlella — (Wien. Verz., &c. ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 607; Wood, fig. 1570; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 5) — Expands 5 to 7 lines ; fore wings purplish-brown, speckled with orange and ferruginous scales, a roundbh spot in the middle, and a triangular one (sometimes obsolete) near the extremity, of the inner margin ; male antenuEe thickly pectinated. Taken flying about white-thorn hedges, in May. Species 2. — Incttrvaria pectinella" — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1571 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 6) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings tawny-brown, with a whitish obscurely geminated spot before the middle of the inner margin, and another, smaller and more indistinct, towards the anal angle ; hind wings brown ; male antennae coarsely pectinated. Also taken about the end of May, in hedges. ° Synonyme. — PhalcBua Tinea trigonella, Linnaeus? Species 3. — Incurvaria Oehlmannella — (Hiibner; Wood, fig. 1572; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 7) — Expands 6 to 7 lines; fore wings purplish-black, inner margin with two remote pale (whitish or yellowish) spots, and a third near the extremity of the costa ; hind wings shining black ; head tawnv ; male antennfe stout, slightly moniliforni. Taken in chalky places round London, about the beginning of June. Species 4. — Incurvaria spuria — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1573; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 8j— Expands 6 to 7 lines ; fore wings narrow, brown, with a slight purple tinge, with two white spots on the inner margin, and a third, more minute, on th.' costa, further removed from the tip than in the preceding species ; hind wings dusky ; head tawny ; male antennas thickened. Near London, towards the end of May, but rare. VOL. II. . KK 250 BRITISH MOTHS Species 5.— Incurvaria (?) tripuncta— (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1574 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 9)— Expands 6 to 6^ lines ; fore wings dark brown ; costa with two white spots, and another on the inner margin, near the anal angle, forming a triangle with the others, the apical margin sometimes slightly spotted with yellow. The labial palpi in this species are slender and recurved, and the head is clothed with depressed scales. Taken round London, about the beginning of June. Species 6. — Inccrvaria rupimitrella — (Hiibner ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 10) — Expands 6 lines ; wings entirely dark-brown, with a slight golden gloss ; head clothed above with tawny hairs ; labial palpi very short, and not recurved. Described from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley. AMAUROSETIA, Stephens. The maxillary palpi are distinct, but very minute ; the labial rather long, slender, diverging, straight, and depending, with the terminal joint slender, and subacute ; the head is clothed above with decumbent scales ; the antennffi simple in both sexes ; the fore wings are incumbent in repose, elongate, narrow, with short fringe, and plainly coloured, usually with some pale markings. Species 1. — Amaurosetia oppositella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1575; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 11) — Expands 5 to 6i lines ; fore wings obscure-brown, with two equal-sized yellow spots, one on the costa, and the other opposite to it, on the inner margin ; hind wings and front of body brown. Common in gardens in June. Species 2. — Amaurosetia 4-punctella — (Fabricius, &c.; Wood, fig. 1576; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 12) — Expands 6 lines ; fore wings brown, sometimes paler brown, with two approximating white spots in the middle, one towards the inner margin larger and transverse ; these spots are sometimes nearly obsolete. Gardens and woods, in June. Species 3. — Amaurosetia minutella — (Linnasus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1577 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 13) — Expands 4i to 5 lines ; fore wings brown, with two yellow spots, one in the middle of the inner margin, and the other on the disc beyond the middle, seldom extending quite to the costa ; head yellowish. Near London and Norfolk, in June. Species 4. — Amaurosetia atrella — (Hiibner, &o. ; Wood, fig. 1578) — Expands 5 lines ; all the wings narrow and black ; the fore ones with two yellow spots (sometimes almost obsolete) on the opposite margins, one placed rather beyond the middle of the costa, and the other nearly in the middle of the inner margin ; head brown ; hind legs black, with whitish articulations. Near Darenth Wood, in June. Species 5.— Amaurosetia Knockella — (Fabricius ? Haworth) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings golden- brownish, with a whitish spot, or yellowish-white towards the extremity of the costa, and a broad whitish streak on the inner margin. A single specimen taken in the Spring, at Coombe Wood, by Mr. Haworth. Species 6. — Amaurosetia Cerusella — (Hiibner, &c.; Wood, fig. 1579; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 14) — Expands 4^ lines ; fore wings white at the base, ashy-white or hoary beyond the middle, with three indistinct brown spots arranged in a triangle, two on the opposite margins, the inner one much darker, and the third in the middle of the apical margin ; hind wings leaden-brown, with brownish fringe. Fine specimens have a brown line from the base to the middle, and a black dot near the middle of the inner margin. Taken in grassy places, in June. ri. av. % -^ Ku" ^ 1 i i AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 251 Species 7- — Amaurosetia Albinella — (Linnaeus, &c.; Wood, fig. 1580; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 15) — Expands 4^ to 5 lines ; fore wings brown, with an oblique golden-yellow streak, the ends extending towards the apical margin ; hind wings dull brown. June, in woods, &e. Species 8. — Amaurosetia Megerlella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1581 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 16) — Expands 3i to 4 lines ; fore wings pale brown, with a curved, broadisli, whitish or ochreous streak before the middle, incurved at each end ; hind wings narrow, and pale brown. Middle of June, in woods. Species 9. — Amaurosetia albifrontella — (Hiibner ; Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1582 ; and our Plate CXIX., Fig. 17) — Expands 4 lines ; fore wings brown, with a slightly incurved pale streak near the base, and two rather triangular pale spots on the opposite margins beyond the middle ; forehead pale. Near London, in June. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXX. Insects. — Fig. 1. Lampronia CapitcUa, (the triple-spotted black). Fig. 2. Lampronia pr^latella (the spotted violet). Fig. 3. Lampronia flavipunctella (the 4-spotted brown). Insects. — Fig. 13. Eriocephala auropurpurella (the gold-brindled purple). ,, Fig. 14. Eriocephala rubroaurella (the led-gold). Fig. 4. Lampronia formosella. i ,, Fig. 15. Eriocephala Hellwigella (the red-barred gold). Fig. 5. Lampronia Margine-punctella (the dotted border). I ,, Fig. 16. Eriocephala sanguinella (the scarlet-barred gold). ,, Fig. 17. Eriocephala Calthella (the small-gold). ,, Fig. 18. Eriocephala Concinnella (the neat). ,, Fig. 19. Eriocephala Seppella (Sepp's). ,, Fig, 20. Eriocephala Ammanella (the single.spotted gold). ,, Fig. 21. Eriocephala bistrigclla (the silver-striped gold). Plant. — Fig. 22. Coryd.alis lutea (theYellowFumitory). The insects in this plate are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of Nos. 7, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 21, from Wood. Fig. 6. Lampronia Melanella (the white-spotted black). Fig. 7. Lampronia Atrella (the dingy black speckled). Fig. 8. Lampronia Corticella (the golden-speckled black). Fig. 9. Lampronia rupella (the four-spotted black). Fig. 10. Eriocephala subpurpurella (the purple underwing). Fig. 11. Eriocephala semi-purpurella (the half-purplish imderwing.) Fig. 12. Eriocephala puq)urella (the purple upper wing). LAMPRONIA, Stephens. These pretty moths have the fore wings adorned with metallic colours and yellow patches ; they are rather elongate, with the tip rounded, and are deflexed in repose ; the head has a tuft of hairy scales ; the antennas in the males slightly pubescent ; the maxillary palpi rather long and incurved ; the labial short, slender, slightly deflexed and setose, and the body is short and slender. As indicated by their metallic appearance, the species are diurnal in their flight. Species I. — Lampronia capitella— (Linnseus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1583 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 1) — Expands 6^ to 8 lines ; fore wings purplish-brown, with an oblique, golden-yellow fascia-like spot towards the base, sometimes extending to the costa, and two other spots on the opposite margin, the inner one near the anal angle, the costal one largest ; hind wings brown ; head luteous. Taken in gardens and orchards, about the beginning of June, the caterpillar feeding in the interior of young shoots of currant-trees, which it sometimes totally destroys. (H. Doubleday, in Entom., p. 143). Species 2. — Lampronia pr^latella- — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1584 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 2) — Expands 5i to 65 lines ; fore wings violet or violet-brown, with a straight, silvery, transverse streak before the middle of the wing, and two marginal opposite spots beyond the middle, with a minute intermediate white dot on the costa, which is sometimes wanting. Hedges and woods, at the beginning of June. Species 3. — Lampronia luzella — (Hiibner; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 639; Wood, fig. 1585)^Expands 6 to 7 lines ; fore wings purple-brown, with two golden spots before, and two a little beyond the middle of the K 2 252 BRITISH MOTHS wino-, obliquely opposed on the costa and inner margins, the former the smallest and more attenuated, the others more triangular ; hind wings orange-brown ; head dull tawny. Near London, and in the New Forest. Species 4. — Lampbonia flavipunctella — (Haworth ; Wood, fig., 1586 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 3) — Expands 5 or 6 lines. This differs only from the preceding, of which it is probably a variety, in having the two basal spots of the fore wings almost confluent into an oblique fascia. Taken in woods round London, about the beginning of June. Species 5. — Lampronia? formosella — (Haworth ; in Ent. Trans. O. S. i , 337; and our Plate CXX., Fig, 4) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings brown and glossy, with an entire transverse pale-buff streak before the middle, followed by two small patches of the same colour on the costa, the outer one large and triangular, inclosing a dark dot ; the disc of the wing beyond the middle bearing several large tawny gold patches, the outer one curved and dilated towards the tip, the pale markings more or less edged with black ; inner margin slightly luteous near the anal angle ; hind wings blackish. Taken at Greenhithe, in May. Described &om Mr. Bentley's cabinet. Species 6. — Lamprokj.a margine-punctella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1588 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 5) — Expands 5^ to 6 lines ; fore wings brown, slightly metallic, with a row of golden dots, of dissimilar size, on the costa and apical margin more or less distinct ; at the base of the inner margin is a large yellow spot, divided by a fuscous line ; fringe dusky, varied with gold ; hind wings and fringe dusky; head pale brown. Ripley, in June, but very rare. Species 7- — Lampronia rupella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1587 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 9) — Expands 65 to 9 lines ; fore wings blackish, with four more or less distinct white spots, two on the costa and two on the inner margin, the pairs obliquely opposed together ; the costa has also often a minute basal white dot ; hind wings pale brown ; head with a red tuft. Near London, and in the New Forest, on the trunks of trees, the empty pupa-cases protruding from the stems. Species 8. — Lampronia welanella— (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1589; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 6) — Expands 4 to 5 lines ; fore wings black, with two opposed marginal white spots before, and two others a little beyond, the middle, the apical margin with three or four very minute white dots ; fringe dark ashy, with minute white dots ; hind wings black. Taken near London and Ripley, in June, amongst elms. Species 9. — Lampronia atrella — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1590; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 7) — Expands 4 to 5 lines ; fore wings deep black, with a very obscure whitish fascia before the middle, and some minute dots of a similar hue on the costa and inner margins ; hind wings brown, immaculate. Near London, in June. Species 10. — Lampronia corticella — (Linnaeus? &c. ; Wood, fig. 1591 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 8) — Expands 5 to 5^ lines ; fore wings black, with about three golden equidistant spots towards the middle of the costa, and two others, nearly opposite, on the inner margin, the disc with numerous minute dots of gold ; hind wings black ; forehead ferruginous. Taken in gardens, about the beginning of June. ERIOCEPHALA, Curtis. LAMPRONIA, pars. Stephens. Like the preceding group, these insects have the fore wings adorned with a metallic gloss, but they are ovate- lanceolate in form, and the veins are arranged in a very peculiar manner, those ordinarily adjacent to the costa AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 253 being pushed back to the middle of the disc, so that the wings are traversed by veins, the branches of which reach the margins, at equal distances apart ; the wings are scaly, and deflexed in repose ; the head is woolly ; the antennae short and filiform, the labial palpi very small, whilst the maxillary are long and porrected, the maxillse or spiral tongue being almost obsolete ; the abdomen of the males is furnished with two long curved horny appendages at the tips. In several of these respects this genus makes a near approach to the Trichoptera. Species 1. — Ekiocephala subpurpurella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1592; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 10) — Expands 3i to 6 lines ; fore wings golden ; hind wings purple-brown, especially towards the apex, or brown without any purple gloss ; the head in one sex is very hairy. Taken in woods, where broom occurs, in June. Species 2. — Eriocephala semipurpurella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1593 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 11) — Expands 6 to 7 lines ; fore wings long and narrow, anteriorly of a shining immaculate purple ; hind wings very transparent and brown. Darenth Wood, and elsewhere, in June. Species 3.— Eriocephala purpurellaP — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1594; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 12) — Expands 4^ to 5 lines ; fore wings bright purple, sprinkled beyond the middle with minute white dots, and with a fascia-like spot near the anal angle on the inner margin of the wing ; hind wings brown,* the extremity with golden purplish gloss. Near London, in the summer, and also in February, according to Mr. Haworth. P Synohttme. — Tinea Goldeggella, Hubner ? Species 4. — Eriocephala AUROPtrRPURELLA '• — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1595; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 13) — Expands 5 to 5i lines ; fore wings brilliant reddish-purple, with various golden spots and dots scattered over the wings, and which are occasionally more or less confluent ; hind wings brown, the apex slightly purplish-golden. Taken upon flowers, in June, but very rare. ** Synonyme. — Tinea Sparmannella, Fabricius ? Species 5. — Eriocephala rdbro-aurella "i — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1596 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 14) — Expands 5 lines ; fore wings red-gold, or rich purplish-gold, with a spot towards the apical margin, in which is a minute brown dot ; the middle of the inner margin with another small golden spot ; hind wings glossed with purple and gold. Taken in woods, in the summer, but rare. < SvNONVME. — Tinea fibulella, Fabricius ? Species 6. — Eriocephala rdbrifasciella "■ — (Haworth, &c. ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 15) — Expands 4 to 4^ lines ; fore wings dark metallic golden coloured, with four equidistant red-purple fasciae, the first basal, the second slightly curved before, the third beyond the middle, and bifid at the costa, the fourth on the apical margin, united to the third near the anal angle ; fringe brown ; hind wings coppery-brown, especially beyond the middle. On trunks of birch-trees, whitethorn hedges, flowers, &c., in May. ' Synonyme. — Tinea Helwigella, Hiibner? Stephens; Wood, fig. 1597. Species 7- — Eriocephala sanguinella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1598 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 16)— Expands 4 lines ; fore wings rich yellow or golden-coloured, but not metallic, with four fasciae, the first and second as in the preceding species, but nearly blood-red, the third bifid on the inner margin and not on the costa, and the fourth apical and not united to the third ; fringe golden ; hind wings brown. Supposed to have been taken in Kent. 254 BRITISH MOTHS Species 8. — Eriocephala calthella' — (Linnaeus, &o. ; Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 751; Wood, fig. 1599; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 17) — Expands 3 to 3f lines ; fore wings burnislied gold, mottled with orange-brown, the base crimson or purple ; hind wings brown, with a golden violet tinge ; fringe brown ; tuft of head rusty ochre. The caterpillar feeds on the marsh marigold, the flowers of which are firequented by the moths during May and June. • Synonyme Tinea pusilklla, Unhnei. Species 9. — Eriocephala concinnella — (Stephens; "Wood, fig. 1600 ; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 18) — Expands 2f to 3^ lines ; fore wings metallic golden, with a straight, slender, silvery-white streak in the middle, and sometimes a faint dot of the same towards the apical margin ; hind wings brown. Taken in the Kentish woods, in June. Species 10. — Eriocephala beppella' — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1601; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 19) — Expands 3 to 3| lines ; fore wings golden glossy, with two straight transverse silvery streaks ; hind wings shining golden. Taken in woods round London, in June. ' Synonyme. — Tinea aurella, Hiibner. Species 11. — Eriocephala ammanella — (Hiibner, &c. ; Steph. 111., pi. 41, fig. 2; Wood, fig. 1602; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 20) — Expands 4 to 5 lines ; fore wings rich purple, with the tuft on the head, a slender, nearly straight, transverse streak towards the base of the wings, a rather broad, slightly curved one in the middle, and a subapical oval spot, all of gold ; hind wings dull brown. Woods and forests, in May. Species 12. — Eriocephala bistrigella — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1603; and our Plate CXX., Fig. 21) — Expands 3 lines ; fore wings dull golden, with two silvery slightly curved narrow fasciae, the second of which is beyond the middle of the wing ; hind wings brown, or leaden-brown, not tinged with golden. Darenth Wood, and Parley, Dorsetshire, in June, but very rare. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXXI. In6Kct8.— Fig. 1. Euspilapterj'S auroguttella) the gold dotted). Fig. 2. Gracillaria nebulea (the nebulous slender). Fig. 3. Gracillaria meleagripennella (the turkey's feather). Fig. 4. Gracillaria syringella (the confluent barred). Fig. 5. Gracillaria cinerea (the double-barred slender). Fig. 6. Gracillaria V-flava (the yellow V). Fig. 7. Gracillaria versicolor (the changeable). Insects. — Fig. 8. Gracillaria substriga (the obscure streaked). ,t Fig. 9. Gracillaria semifascia (the semi-white bar). „ Fig. 10. Gracillaria purpurea (the triangle-marked purple). Plant. — Fig. 11. Verbascumpulverulentum (the powdered mullein). The insects in this plate are figured from specimens in the cabinet of Mr, Bentley, with the exception of Nos. 1, 2, and 7, from Wood. EUSPILAPTERYX, Stephens. The fore wings are elongate-linear, with shortish cilia at the anal angle, with a metallic disc, spotted with yellow ; the hind wings lanceolate, with long fringe ; the maxillary palpi slender, curved, and deflexed ; the labial ones very short, slender, and incurved, vrith the tip very acute ; the antennae and legs long and slender. Species 1. — Euspilaptertx auhoguttella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1604; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 1) — Expands 4^ lines ; fore wings glossy metallic gold, with a short pale yellow streak at the base ; two spots on the costa, and 'one on the inner margin, forming a triangle. Taken by Mr. Stephens, in June, at Ripley. PI ^ ^ ^'^^ v.. ^ «4 S. I AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 255 GRACILLARIA, Haworth. ORNIX, Treitschke. These curious insects are distinguished by their densely-squamose middle tibiss, which, when the insect is at rest, with the tarsi, are placed almost in an upright direction, and almost at right angles with the body, so that the insect's head is greatly elevated, whilst the extremity of its wings rests upon the surface on which it is placed ; the antennje are long and slender ; the maxillary palpi are short and straight, the labial ones rather long, slender, and recurved ; the fore wings long, and the hind ones linear, with very long fringe. The cater- pillars are fourteen-footed, having three pairs of abdominal feet. Species 1. — Gracillaria nebulea — (Haworth, 8ec. ; Wood, fig. 1605 ; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 2) — Expands 4 to 5 lines ; fore wings whitish -brown, or ashy, with large black nebula, the costa fasciated with black, interrupted by whitish strigs. Taken in hedges, in the spring. Species 2. — Gracillaria meleagripennella — (Iliibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1606; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 3) — Expands 3h to 5 lines ; fore wings blackish, with white nebulte, the costa streaked with black and white at the tip, and the extremity of the wings with a somewhat ocellated black spot. Darenth Wood, June. Species 3. — Gracillaria syringella " — (Fabricius ; Stephens; Wood, fig. 1607 ; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 4) — Expands 4^ to 6 lines; fore wings ochreous-tawny, freckled with brown, with about five more or less interrupted and anastomosing fascia, the apical one forming an ocellus, with a black pupil ; hind wings ashy-brown. The caterpillar, when young, feeds within the leaves of the common lilac, devouring the parenchyma, and causing the leaves to blister; it afterwards, however, rolls the leaf up, feeding within the roll. The perfect insect is common in gardens in May and July, being double-brooded. See Mr. E. W. Lewis's observations on this species, in Loudon's Mag. of Nat. Hist., Vol. VI. " SvNoNYME. — Tinea anaslomosis, Haworth ; Curtis, pi. 479. Species 4. — Gracillaria cinerea — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1608 ; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 5) — Expands 5| to 6 lines ; fore wings ashy or grey, with 2 or 3 narrow oblique equidistant fasciae ; the outer one a little beyond the middle, more obscure, and rather interrupted, leaving a round brown spot near the inner margin ; hind- wings brown, or pitchy brown. Coombe Wood, &c., in hedges. Species 5. — Gracillaria v-flava — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1609; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 6) — Expands 4 to 5 lines ; fore wings very narrow, brown or tawny ; the middle of the wing marked with an angulated yellow mark, like a prostrate V (when the wings are expanded), and an incurved fascia, near the extremity ; hind wings tawny brown ; head luteous. Taken by Mr. Stephens, in June, at Ripley. Species 6. — Gracillaria versicolor^ — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1610; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 7) — Expands 4 to 4^ lines ; fore wings linear, varied with irregular fasciae, which change, in certain positions, from tawny-golden, and coppery, to green ; hind wings greenish. Taken near London and Ripley, in June. ^ Synonvme. — Tinea ustulatella, Fabricius? Species 7- — -Gracillaria substriga — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1611; and our Plate CXXI., Fig. 8) — Expands 4| to 5 lines ; fore wings brownish red, with about four more or less obsolete, equidistant, sub- angulated whitish strigse, inwardly edged with black ; hind wings leaden-brown, and shining. Near London, Coombe Wood, &c., in June. 266 BRITISH JIOTHS UX Species 8. — Gbacillaria semifascia — (Ilaworth; AVood, fig. 1612; and our Plate CXXL, Fig. 9) — Expands 5^ to U lines ; fore wings purplish-ashy, with a slender, white, oblique, more or less distinct, semifascia- like streak towards the base of the costa, which is also marked with some whitish and brownish dots beyond the middle ; hind wings dark brown. Near London. Species 9. — Gracillaria purpurea — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1613 ; and our Plate CXXI., fig. 10) — Expands ^ lines ; fore wings purple glossy, with a trigonate semifascia in the middle of the costa ; emarginate behind, and of an ashy-white colour ; hind wings deep brown ; the fore wings sometimes occur with an extra short subapical fascia. Near London. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXXII. Insects. — Fig. 1. Gracillaiia stigmatella (the triangle-marked red). „ Fig. 2. Gracillaria ochracea (the triangle-marked ochre). ,, Fig. 3. Gracillaria Tbunbergella (Thuuberg's). „ Fig. 4. Gracillaria bemidactylella (the mottled red). ,» Fig. 5. Gracillaria mHpetinella (the dull red). ty Fig. 6. Gracillaria eloDgcUa (the plaia red). ,, Fig. 7- Gracillaria violacca (the slender \no^uceous). M Fig. 8. Gracillaria roscipennella (the livid slender). Insects. — Fig. 9. Gracillaria leucapennella (the pale slender). „ Pig. 10. Gracillaria sulphurella (the sulphur). ., Fi^. II. Gracillaria prxangusta (tlie poplar slender). Plant. — Fig. 12. Geranium Robertianum (Herb-Robert). The insects in this plate are from the Cabinet of Mr. Bentley, except 10 and II, from AVood's Ind. Ent. Species 10. — Gracillaria stigmatella J — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1614 ; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 1) — Expands 5\ to 6| lines ; fore wings red, or ashy-red, with a large trigduate white, yellowish-white, or ashy-white semifascia in the middle of the costa ; emarginate on the disc of the wing ; there is also occasionally an ochreous-ashy streak on the inner margin, interrupted with red. Taken in the spi'ing and autumn, round London. 1 Synonvme Tinea triangulella. Panzer ; Gracillaria trigona, Haworth ; Tinea upupapennella, Hiibner. Species 11. — Gracillaria ochracea — (Haworth; Wood, fig. 1615 ; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 2) — Expands 6 to 6g lines ; fore wings ochreous, or ochroleucous ; the base slightly reddish ; the middle of the costa with a trigonate whitish semifascia, excised within ; hind wings pale brown. Taken in company with the preceding. Species 12. — Gracillaria Tbunbergella — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1616 ; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 3) — Expands 5g to 6i- lines ; fore wings golden sulphur-coloured, glossy, with a purple patch near the base, and a large purple apical blotch ; sometimes deep violet-red, with a small central yellow trigonate costal spot ; hind wings golden-brown. Taken in oak woods, gardens, &c. in the autumn. Species 13. — Gracillaria hemidactylella ' — ( Wien. Verz, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1617; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 4) — Expands 8 to 8i lines ; fore wings elongate, obtuse at the tip, red, with a large oblique fascia, a dot in the middle, numerous small dots on the costa and the apex, all of chesnut-red ; hind wings leaden-brown. Woods and hedges, in August. ^ SvNONTME. — Fhalasna Tinea pnnctella, Linnaeus. Species 14. — Gracillaria rufipennella — (Hiibner ; Wood, fig. 1618 ; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 5) — Expands 6 to 65 lines ; fore wings pale red, irrorated with black and chesnut ; hind wings pale, livid ashy ; thighs black ; tarsi white. Hedges and woods. P1122. 10 AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 257 Species 15. — Gracillaria elongella ^ — (Linnffius? Stephens; Wood, fig. 1619 j and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 6) — Expands 6 to 71 lines ; very similar to the preceding ; fore wings red, sometimes irrorated with black, or fuscous (with two almost obsolete brown dots in the middle, placed longitudinally) ; hind wings silvery grey ; thighs reddish ; tarsi white. Near London, in August. *' Synonyme. — Tinea Signipennella, Hubner. Orni,T Mayrella, Treiischke $ . Tinea ciliella, Wien. Verz. Species 16. — Gracillaria violacea — (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1620 ; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 7) — Expands 5i to 6 lines ; fore wings purplish-violet, thickly clouded with blackish- purple ; hind wings brown. Darenth Wood, &c. Species 17. — Grawllaria roscipennella — (Hijbner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1621 ; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 8) — Expands 6 to 6i lines ; fore wings pale livid, with a very slight purplish tinge, with two small dots placed obliquely before, and two others placed transversely beyond the middle, with various brown atoms scattered over the wings ; the costa minutely spotted with brown ; hind wings brown. June, in woods. Species 18. — Gracillaria leucapennella — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1622; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 9) — Expands 5 to 6 lines ; fore wings very pale, silvery-brown or sallow, sometimes whitish sulphur, more or less sparingly irrorated with brown ; hind wings deep brown. New Forest, in June and July. Species 19. — Gracillaria sulphurella — (Haworth ; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 10)— Expands 6 to 7 lines ; fore wings pale sulphur, finely irrorated with brown, with two very oblique converging abbreviated brown streaks towards the middle of the costa ; the apical portion of the wing more tawny ; hind wings pale ochreous-brown. Taken in the New Forest, in July. Species 20. — Gracillaria pr J!angtjst a— (Haworth ; Wood, fig. 1624; and our Plate CXXII., Fig. 11) — Expands 6 to 6^ lines ; fore wings very narrow, ashy, or ashy-brown, with the base of the costa occasionally broadly paler, and with some black lineols in the middle of the wing, more or less obsolete, and arranged into an interrupted longitudinal stria. Taken on the trunks of poplars, and in hedges, in May. ACENTROPUS, Curtis. ACENTRIA, Steph. ZANCLE, Steph. (Olim.) It is in this order, and provisionally in the present situation (although probably nearer to some of the Yponomeutidfe), that I place a singular insect, regarded bv Mr. Stephens, at first, as Neuropterous, and subsequently, by him and Mr. Curtis, as Trichopterous; but which possesses two characters eminently distinctive of the Lepidoptera : namely, the presence of a pair of tippets, and a spur at the b.ise of the fore margin of the hind wings ; * the legs are, however, entirely destitute of spurs, and the palpi (maxillary ?) large, drooping, and densely clothed with scaly hairs. Species I. — Acentropus niveus^ — (Latreille; Steph.) — Expands 6^ lines; wings white and rather silvery ; fore ones with the costa ochreous, and the other margins slightly ochre. Taken in various places, in June ; but very rare. a SyNoNViMEs. — Frigane blanche, Oliv. Acentropus Garnonsii, Curtis, Brit. Ent. pi. 497. Zancle Hansoni, Steph. ; Noiuencl. Actntria nivosa, Steph. Cata]. * See my article on this insect, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1, p. 117, and Introd. to Mod. Class. Ins. 2, pp.324 and 412, figs. 113, 11 — 17. VOL. II. L L 258 BRITISH MOTHS FAMILY ALUCITIDyE, Leach. PTEROPHORITES, Latreille. With tbe exception of one species, ihe insects in this curious group have the wings singularly cleft into narrow feathered rays ; the fore wings having two, three, four, or six ; and the hind ones three or six ; they are carried horizontally, in repose ; the antennas are long and setaceous. The spiral tongue is long, but the maxil- lary palpi are wanting, in which respect these insects approach the Yponomeutidae. The legs are long and slender, the fore tibiaj with one, the intermediate with two apioal, and the posterior with two apical and two subcentral spurs. The species are of small size. They vary in the time of their flight : the Pterophori being crepuscular, flying over low plants, whilst Alucita frequents our gardens and enters our houses, sitting with its beautiful wings expanded. The former insects have the habit of folding their wings, so as to appear to consist of a single broad ray. The larvffi somewhat resemble those of the Arctiidfe, being sparingly clothed with rather long hairs, and with 6 feet ; they are very inactive ; the pupee are variable, being either naked and enclosed in a transparent silken cocoon, or elongate ovate, conical, hairy, and suspended perpendicularly by a thread, or affixed by hooks at the posterior extremity of the body to a layer of silk on leaves. (See Reaumur, Mem. 1. pi. 19, 20. De Geer, Mem. torn. ii. pi. 4, f. 1 — 11. Harris and L' Admiral.) DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXXIII. iNbECTS. — Fig. ]. Agdistes Bennetii (the plumeless plume). „ Fig. *2. Pterophorus Pentadactylus (the large white plume). „ Fig. 3. Pterophorus Spilodactylus (the worm-wood plume). „ Fig. 4. Pterophorus Galactodactylus (the spotted white plume). „ Fig. 5. Pterophorus Bipunctidactylus (the grey-wood I. plume). ,„ Fig. 6. Pterophorus Fuscodactylus (the brown wood plume). „ Fig. 7. Pterophorus Pterodactylus (the common plume). „ Fig. 8. the caterpillar. „ Fig. 9. the chrysalis, „ Fig. 10. Pterophorus Monodactylus (the hoary plume). „ Fig, 11, Pterophorus Tephradactylus (the plain plume). iNSECTS.^Fig. 12. Pterophorus Tridactylus (the dotted-bordered plume), „ Fig. 13. Pterophorus Niveidactylus (the snowy-plume). ,, Fig. 14. Pterophorus Tetradactylus (the white-shafted plume). ,, Fig. 15. Pterophorus Carphodactylus (the citron plume), ,, Fig. 16. Pterophorus Ochrodactylus (the ochreous plume). ,, Fig. 17. Pterophorus Leucodactylus (the lemon plume). ,, Fig, 18. Pterophorus Luni-dactylus (the crescent plume). ,, Fig. 19. The caterpillar of Porrectaria Anatipenella, figured in Plate 113, fig. 38. Pljnt. — Fig. 20. Convolvulus Arvensis (common Bindweed). The insects in this plate are figured from specimens in the Cabinet of Mr. Bentley, with the exception of 1, 3, 11, and 13, from Wood. The caterpillars are from Hiibner. H. N. H. AGDISTES, HiBNER. ADACTYLUS, Curtis. Tiie body and legs are very long and slender, with very short tibial spurs ; the wings are entire, and the palpi are short and truncate. Species 1. — Agdistes Bennetii — (Curtis ; Brit. Ent., pi. 471 ; Wood, fig. 1625 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 1) — Expands 1 inch ; fore wings reddish-ashy, with four small dark spots on each, placed longitudinally ; abdomen of the female with 5 or 6 pairs of black dots dovm the back. Taken at the end of July, on th^; Salterns, at ToUsbury, Essex. PTEROPHORUS, Geopfroy. ALUCITA, Haworth. The body and legs are long and slender ; the tibia being furnished with long spurs ; the wings are deeply cleft ; the anterior being composed of two, and the hind ones of three feathers ; and the palpi are slender. PI 123. / 16 J5r. I AND THEIR TRANSFORJIATIONS. 259 slightly curved upwards, with the terminal joint as long as, but slenderer than, the preceding. Mr. Stephens divides the species into the following sections : — A. Posterior wings without a scaly lobe on the abdominal ray. a. Fore wings broad, deeply cleft, and pale-coloured. Species 1. — Pterophorus pentadactylus — (Linnaeus; Harris, Aurelian, pi. 1, fig. o — q ; Donovan, 4, pi. 110; Wood, fig. 1626; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 2) — Expands 12 to 15 lines; all the wings snow- white, and satiny. The caterpillar is greenish-white, with dusky dots, with a white line on the back, and an ochreous lateral one ; it feeds on nettles, and the moth appears in June and July. Species 2. — Pterophorus spilodactylos — (Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 161 ; Wood, fig. 1627) — Expands 11 lines ; fore wings obtuse at the tips, with the base and costa pale brown, with an oblique interrupted brown streak in the middle of the wing, and each plume of the fore wings with several paler spots near the tip ; hind wings pale brown, varied with white. Taken, in Jul)', on the Coast of Dorsetshire, and in Suffolk, near Mildenball. Species 3. — Pterophorus galactgdactylu.s'^ — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1628; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 4) — Expands 11 to Hi lines ; fore wings sub-acute at the tips, whitish, with a geminated brown spot at the origin of the cleft, a larger one beyond on the costa, with an opposite one on the inner margin, and two minute darker sub-apical ones ; hind wings whitish, with a faint dot at the tip of each lobe. The caterpillar is light green and hairy, and feeds on the burdock. (H. Doubleday, in Entomologist, p. 356.) Rare, but widely dispersed ; appearing about the beginning of June. b Synonyme. — Alucita albodactyla, Fabricius ? b Fore wings narrow, deeply cleft, and acute, generally without any distinct markings. Species 4.- — Pterophorus biptjnctidactyltjs — (Villers, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1629 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 5) — Expands 11 to 12 lines ; fore wings ashy, with a black dot at the base, and two at the origin of the cleft, and a dusky streak on the costa and inner margin ; hind wings and fringe rusty-brown. In woods, in June and July. Species 5. — Pterophorus fuscodactyltis — (Villers, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1630 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 6) — Expands 10 to 11^ lines; fore vsdngs darker or lighter testaceous brown, with a faintly darker dot at the origin of the cleft ; hind wings brown. Common in woods and gardens, in June and July. Species 6. — Pterophorus pterodactylus <^ — (Linnajus, &c. ; Harris, Aurelian, pi. 30, fig. i-1. ; Wood, fig. 1631 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Figs. 7, 8, 9) — Expands II to I3| lines ; fore wings varying in colour from whitish, hoary, reddish, or testaceous red, and slightly atomose, with a brown dot near the base of the cleft ; hind wings brown. Common in woods, gardens, &c., towards the end of the summer. The caterpillar feeds on the thistle, and when full fed, fixes the extremity of its body to a piece of stick, with the head upwards, jerking itself backwards, so as entirely to reverse its position for a short time when disturbed. ' Synonvme. — PhalcEJia didactyla, Berkenhout ; Stewart. Species 7- — Pterophorus monodactylus — (Linnaeus, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1632 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 10) — Expands 9^ lines ; fore wings hoary, retuse, with the cleft not very conspicuous ; hind wings brown, three-cleft. Taken in the Kent and Surrey Woods, in June. L l2 260 BRITISH MOTHS Species 8. — Pterophorus tephradacttlus — (Hiibner, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1633 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 1 1 ) — Expands 9i lines ; fore wings rather short and broad, whitish-grey, with brown atoms and fringe ; hind wings and fringe brown. Taken, in July, in Surrey, Norfolk, Hants, &c. Species 9. — PTEROPHORtrs tridactylus — (Linnaeus, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1634 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 12) — Expands 9i to 10 lines ; fore wings cleft and pale, with white lines ; hind wings whitish : fringe of all the wings brown. Darenth Wood, and near Brighton, in June. Species 10. — PTEROPHORrs niveidactylus — (Stephens; "Wood, fig. 1635 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 13) — Expands 8 to 9 lines ; all the wings obscure suowy-white, with ashy fringe. Darenth "Wood, in July, but very rare. Species II. — PTEROPHOBirs tetradactylus ^ — (Linnseus, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1636 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 14) — Expands 9i to 10 lines ; fore wings yellowish, or testaceous white on the disc, leaving only the margins or fringe dusky ; hind wings pale brown, with dusky fringe ; legs white. Near London, Ripley, Dover, &c., in June, but rare. • '' Synonymes. — Phalicna Aluc. didaclyla, Scopoli. Phalcena Aluc. tridactyla. Tillers. Species 12. — Pterophorus carphodacttlus — (Hiibner, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1637; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 15) — Expands 7 to 9 lines ; fore wings yellowish, with a small brown dot near the apex of the costa, and another opposite to it on the inner margin ; hind wings slightly ochreous, with ashy-brown fringe. Coombe Wood, Dover, Whittleseamere, &c., in June and August. Species 13. — Pterophorus ochrodactylus — (Fabricius, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1638; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 16) — Expands Q\ lines; fore wings ochreous, with pale brown fringe; hind wings pale ashy-brown. Darenth Wood, July. Species 14. — Pterophorus leucodactylus — (Hubner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1639 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 17) — Expands o\ lines; fore wings pale sulphur coloured ; hind wings and fringes of all the wings brown. Darenth Wood, at the end of June. Rare. Species 15. — Pterophorus lun^dactylus *■- — (Haworth, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1640 ; and our Plate CXXIII., Fig. 18) — Expands 10 to II lines ; fore wings fuscous-brunneous, with a yellowish-white slightly-curved mark at the base of the cleft ; hind wings and fringe brown. Darenth, Greenhithe, &c., about the beginning of July. The caterpillar, according to Mr. Jordan, (Zoologist, p. 434,) feeds on ononis arvensis, on the heads of which it may be generally found. It is green and slightly hairy. ^ Synonyme. — Alucita plusoductyla, Hubner. t AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 261 DESCRIPTION OF PLATE CXXIV. Insfcts. — Fig. 1. Pterophorus pallidactylus (the pale-plume), „ Fig. 2. Pterophorus migadactylus (the chalk-pit plume), „ Fig. 3. Pterophorus siinilidiictylus (the dusky-plume). „ Fig. 4, Pteropborus trigonodactylus (the triangle plume). „ Fig, 5. Pterophorus rhododactylus (the rose-plume). „ Fig. 6. the Caterpillar. „ Fig. 7. the Chrysalis. ,j Fig, 8, Pterophorus calodactylus (the beautiful plume). „ Fig. 9. the Caterpillar. - th« Chrysalis. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Pterophorus tesseradactylus (the marbled-plume). Fig. 12. Pterophorus punctidactylus (the brindled-plume). Fig. 13. Pterophorus cosmodactylus (the dark-brindled plume). Fig. 14. Pterophorus didactylus (the spotted rusty plume). Fig. 15. Pterophorus heterodactylus (the spotted black plume). Fig. 16. Pterophorus microdactylus (the small plume). Fig. 1 7. ■ the Caterpillar. Insects. — Fig. 18. Pterophorus microdactylus (the Chrysalis.) „ Fig. 19. Alucita hexadactyla (the sis-clpft plume). J, Fig 20. Alucita polydactyla (the many-cleft plume). „ Fig. 21. Alucita poecilodactyla (the dark ei.'K-cleft plume). Plants. — Fig. 22. Gentiana acaulis (Dwarf Gentian). J, Fig. 23. Ononis procurrens (trailing Rest-Harrow). Nos. 1, 11, 13, 19, 20, and 21, are from the accurate figures in Wood — the Caterpillars are from Hiibner — the rest of the insects are from the cabinet of Mr. Bentley, for whose great liberality, in allow- ing the whole of his specimens in succession to be removed, (notwith- standing the risk to minute and fragile species) for the purpose of more deliberate examination and delineation, we have to return cordiril thanks, and express our great obligation ; as also for the information and suggestion supplied by him. We have also to return thanks for the aid we liave received in the prosecution of our laborious task from Messrs. Stephens, Chant, E. and H. Douhleday ; as well as to other gentlemen, whose names are recorded in our pages in conjunction with the facts or species which they have communicated. H. N. H. and I. O. W, Species 16. — Pterophorus pallidactylus^ — (Haworth, &c. ; "Wood, ^g. 1641 ; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig. 1) — Expands 12 to 13 lines; fore wings ochroleucous, with various darker clouds, a whitish spot at the base of the inner margin, and another near the apex of the costa ; fringe white ; hind wings brownish-ochre, with brown fringe. Taken in chalky places in Kent, Hertford, Surrey, &c., in June. ^Synonyme. — Alucita ochrodactyla^ Hiibner ? Species 17. — Pterophorus migadactylus — (Fabricius? Hawortli, &c. ; "Wood, fig. 1642; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig, 2) — Expands 12 lines ; fore wings whitish, spotted with brown ; hind wings brown ; legs white, spotted with brown. Darenth "Wood, June ; rare. Species 18, — Pterophorus similidactylus — (Curtis, MSS., Stephens ; "Wood, fig. 1643 ; and our Plate CXXIV,, Fig. 3) — Expands 9 lines ; fore wings ochreous-grey, partially irrorated with black ; the costa and apical portion of the inner margin darker ; hind wings and fringe brown. New Forest, Isle of Wight, &c,, and near Edinburgh. B. Posterior wings with a broad scaly lobe on the abdominal ray. a. Fore wings broad and acute. Species 19. — Pterophorus trigonodactylus — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1644 ; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig, 4) — Expands 10 to 11 lines; fore wings pale-ochre, with a trigonate brown patch near the extremity of the costa, and a faint pale streak on the hinder margin ; hind wings deep brown. Near London, Hants, and Yorkshire. Species 20. — Pterophorus rhododactylus— (Fabricius, &c. ; Stephens, pi. 41, fig. 3; Wood, fig. 1645 ; and our Plate CXXIV., Figs. 5, 6, 7)— Expands 10 to 11 lines ; wings tawny-red, the fore ones with a rather broad, irregular, whitish fascia across the middle, extending slenderly along the inner margin nearly to the base, and beyond this an oblique, narrower, rather oblique white streak ; the intermediate space darker ; the tips of the two lobes with a white spot, edged with brown, anal lobe of hind wings large and ferruginous. Near London, Coombe Wood, &c., but rare. 262 BRITISH MOTHS Species 21. — Pterophorus calodactylus — (Wien. Verz., &c. ; Wood, fig. 1646; and our Plate CXXIT., Fig. 8) — Expands 9 to 10 lines ; fore wings asliy-brown, with the tips more obscure, and marked with a large fulvous spot, the inner margin dentated ; hind wings blackish, with the anal lobe blackish. Near London, New Forest, Scotland, &c., in August. b. Fore vrings narrow, falcate, and variegated. Species 22. — Pterophortts tesseradactylus — (Linnseus, &c.; Wood, fig. 1647; and our Plate CXXIT., Fig. 11) — Expands 9 to 9i lines ; fore wings subfalcate, clouded with white and brown, with a trigonate brown spot towards the extremity of the costa edged externally with a white fascia and with a subapical white striga ; the base of the costa with whitish lineote ; hind wings brown; anal lobe black. New Forest, near London, &c. Species 23. — Pterophorus punctidactylus s — (Haworth, &c.; Wood, fig. 1648 ; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig. 12) — Expands 9 to 9j lines ; fore wings greenish-ashy, with whitish clouds, and numerous short white costal Hneolfe, and a nearly obsolete, slightly-waved, whitish subapical striga ; hind wings deep brown ; anal lobe black. Near London, and in Devonshire, in June and July. sSynonyme. — Alucita acanthodactyla, Hiibner? Species 24. — Pterophorus cosmodactyltjs — (Hiibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1649; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig. 13) — Expands 9 lines ; fore wings olive-brown ; the costa with minute whitish spots, an obscure, darker, subapical, triangular spot, and a very obscure, pale, subapical streak ; hind wings deep brown ; anal lobe blackish. Ripley, in June ; but very rare. Species 25. — Pterophorfs didactylus h — (Linnseus; Donovan, ix., pi. 318 ; Wood, fig. 1650; and cur Plate CXXIV., Fig. 14) — Expands 8 to 9 lines; fore wings dull ferruginous, with two white strigse beyond the middle, the outer one running along the costa to the tip ; hind wings ashy-brown, with the tips darker ; anal lobe brown and small. Near London, Norfolk, New Forest, &c., in June and July. ^ Synonyme. — Alucita trichodactyla, Hiibner. Species 26. — Pterophorus heterodactylus — (Villers, &c.; Wood, fig. 1651 ; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig. 15) — Expands 9| lines ; fore wings blackish, with white streaks, broken into spots ; hind wings brown. Taken with the preceding species. Species 27. — Pterophorus microdactylus — (Stephens ; Wood, fig. 1652 ; and our Plate CXXIV., Figs. 16, 17, 18) — Expands 6 to 6i lines ; fore wings brown, with a white striga beyond the middle, and some apical white spots ; hind wings brown. Darenth Wood and Devonshire, in June, but very rare. ALUCITA, ScopoLi. The triangular, many-cleft wings, short body, and long porrected palpi, with the terminal joint very slender, distinguish this genus at once from the foregoing. Each wing is composed of six beautifully fringed flat feathers, all of which are expanded when the animal is at rest. Species 1. — Alucita hexadactyla — (Linnseus, &c. ; Harris Expos, pi. 2, fig. 7, ph 3, fig. 1 ; Donovan iv,, pi. 1.36 ; Wood, fig. 1653 ; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig. 19) — E-xpands 7 to 8 lines; wings ochreous-brown ; the costa spotted with violet-black, with a broad fascia across the middle having paler edges, and a narrower AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 263 subapical fascia not extending to the anal angle ; hind wings with four denticulated ochreous lines, the rays dotted with black. Common in houses, &c., from March to October. The Caterpillar feeds on the honeysuckle, and forms a transparent silken cocoon. Species 2.^Alucita polydactyla — (Hi'ibner, &c. ; Wood, fig. 1654; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig. 20) — Expands 7 lines ; fore wings yellowish-red, with two irregular, rather violet fasciae, margined with whitish ; at the apex of each feather is a dusky dot on a light ground ; hind wings of lighter hue, with a black-brown dot at the tip of each plume ; fringe reddish-ash. New Forest, in June. Species 3. — Alccita pcecilodactyla — (Stephens; Wood, fig. 1655; and our Plate CXXIV., Fig. 21) — Expands 7 lines ; " fore wings ochreous ash colour, with two irregular fuscous fascias, one towards the middle, the other on the hinder margin. Taken in June, 1822, in the New Forest, near Brockenhurst.'" — Stephens. Mr. Curtis, however, suggests that the last two species may be only varieties of the first. .•.OS ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA TO THE BRITISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS. BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. Pa.se 64, Arge Galathea. — A remarkable variety of this species is described by Mr. Marshall in the " Zoologist," p. 471, of a clear milky white, -without the smallest speck of black either on the upper or under side. The body is also entirely white. It was taken in the heights, between Dover and Walmer, at the end of July. Page 78, Oreina MELAwrus. — Fuesslin, Boisduval, &c. (but not of Esper). Newman, Zool p. 729. Expands about li to l-j inch ; wings above blackish-brown, the fore ones above with an irregular subapical ferru^nous fascia, broken into five or six spots : all, except the outer ones, inclosing a black spot (more distinct in the female) ; hind wings with a subapical row of three ferruginous spots ; each bearing a black dot. Beneath, with the discred brown, with broad brownish margins with the fascia and spotless distinct ; hind wings rufo-atomose, and with the three spots and black dots. Taken by Mr. Weaver, in July 1844, on marshy ground, amongst the mountains, near Kinloch Rannock, in Perthshire. BRITISH MOTHS. VOL. I. ' ''' "Page 46, Hepialus carnus. — " The insect known by this name, in England, is a mere variety of H. velleda ; the true H.carnus is very distinct, and has not been found in Britain." Mr. H. Doubleday, in Zoologist, p. 332. Page 66, Notodonta Tritepha. — Fabricius, Esper, Ochs., Hiibner (text), (but not HUbner's fig. 29 so named, nor of Donovan, who figures Peridea under that name), (toi'va, Hiibn. f. 27, but not of Oclisenheimer.) Head and thorax brown ; abdomen ashy ; fore wings clouded with brown, and with several obsolete waved darker strigse ; in the centre is a white lunule, with a lunate ferruginous pupil ; hind wings white, with a brown streak on the anal angle. Caterpillar solitary, naked, green, with three dorsal prominences, and the tail obtuse ; head brown (Fabr.). Reared by J. W. Douglas, Esq., on the 10th August, from the larva found in an excursion along the Essex coast. Page 75, Cemra bicuspis — Stephens. " This is the C. furcata of the Continent. HUbner's bicuspis is verj' distinct." Mr. H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 90, 91, Porthesia chiysoixhaea and auriflua. — " Tliese names are reversed in England, chrysorrhsea of the Continental authors being phaeorrhea of Curtis and Donovan, and auriflua, the chiysorrhaea of English authors." Mr. H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 108, Triphsena subsequa. — Wien. Verz., &c. " Mr. Bentley possesses two specimens of this species, one captured by himself, in Hampshire ; the other fi'om Mr. Stone's cabinet, probably taken in the same county. The insect figured and described by Mr. Curtis [under the name of T. consequa, Hiibner], is a totally distinct species, and I believe unique, though it is possible that it may be common in some parts of Scotland. It does not seem to be known upon the Continent." (H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 399) ; Mr. Newman (ibid.) proposes to name it Tr. Cmiisii. Page 123, Agrotis pascuea, of Curtis, " is Hadena australis of Boisduval ; Aporophyla australis, of Guene'e." H. Doubleday, in Zool, p. 332. Page 135, Orthosia gracilis. — Stephens. Noctua subplumbea, Haworth, is " the Orthosia 'populeti of Boisduval, &c., and Noctna populeti of Fabricius." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 136, Orthosia sparsa. — Stephens, &c. is " the true Orthosia gracilis of Continental authors." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 139, " Orthosia lunosa is identical with the H. subjecta of Duponchel and 0. agrotoides of Guenee, but Hawortli's name ha^■ing the priority, must, of course, stand. Orthosia humilis, Hiibner, is a totally distinct species, with the under wings entirely fuscous, and nearly allied to 0. pistacina." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 399. Page 141, Mythimna grisea. — Steph., " is {he true Lythargj-ria of Hiibner, &c." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p.'332. Page 151, Pyrophila tragopoginis andtetra. — " ^^'e have only the fonner species in Britain ; P. tetra is a totally ditferent ''■species, TOth copper-coloured wings." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. 265 Page 155, " Xylira semibmnnea of English authors is the true X. petriiicata, and petrificata of English cabinets is the X. oculata of Germar." H. Doubleday, in Zoo!., p. 332. Page 165, " Hadena ochracea, of Stephens, is the Dianthesia Echii, of Boisduval." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 178, Apamea unanimis, Ochs. — " This is the species known in this country under the name of A. secalina, but the secalina of HUbner is a mere variety of A. didyina." H. Doubledaj', in Zool., p. 332. Page 178, " The insect taken at York, by my friend, Thomas H. Allis, and supposed to be Apamea unanimis, is Orthosia congener of Boisduval, of which Caradrina iners of Treitschke is a variety." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 179, '" Miana literosa, Stephens, is the JI. suffuruncula of Ochs." H. Doubleday, in Zool , p. 332 Page 181, Jliana Duponchelii — Boisduval. "This species occurs in Britain, and is probably the Noctua minima of Haworth " H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 187, " Jliselia compta of British cabinets is Noctua conspersa, A\'. V. I have not seen a British specimen of compta, though it probably occurs here. The genus Dianthesia, of Boisduval, is a most natural one, although the British* species belonging to it have been placed in three or four different genera, and associated with species to which they seem very little allied. The following are the British species : — 1. Dianthesia albimacula, Borkh. 2. D. conspersa, W. V. 3. D. cajsia, W. V. 4. D. capsincola, Borkh. 5. D. cucubali, W. V. 6. D. Echii, Borkh." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 332. Page 214, Nonagria crassicorius. — " The eggs of this species are deposited on the edges of the leaves of reeds in the autumn, and are not hatched till the following April.'" See H. Longley's Notes on this species, in Zoologist, p. 581. Page 224, " CucuUia solidaginis, Stephens, appears to be C. Gnaphalii, HUbner." H. Doubleday, in Zool., p 332. Page 236, Heliothis armigera.— Hiibner, Treitschke, &c. A female of this additional species was taken in September 1840, at Salford, near Manchester (R. S. Edleston, in Zool., p. 260). Page 251, " Brepha notha and Parthenias. The specimen in the Linucean cabinet, with Linne's label on the pin ' Parthenias,' is the larger species, with simple antenna, or, what in this country is usually called, ' Notha.' Thus proving that the Continental lepidopterists are correct. The species will stand thus : — Bkepha, HUbner. 1. Parthenias, Linn. {Notha, Haworth, &c.) 2. Notha, HUbner. {Parthenias, Haworth, Stephens, &c.)" H. Doubleday, in Zool., p. 399. BRITISH MOTHS. VOL. II. Pages 54 and 57. By a strange series of mistakes the figure of the true Lobophora polycommata, given in Plate 68, fig. 17, from the British Museum specimen, was stated by Mr. Humphreys (in his description of that plate) to have been copied from HUbner, whilst figure 12,. of that plate, instead of being copied from the Sluseum specimen of polycommata, was from HUbner ; instead, moreover, of being a copy of HUbner's figure of polycommata, his figure of Geom. sscularia was inadvertently copied. jMy observations, in p. 57, were founded on Mr. Humphrey's statements, and it was not until the sheet was published that I was made aware of these errors. The reference in p. 57, is, accordingly, to the correct figure, but the Obs. requires that the words " drawn from the British Museum specimen" should be erased. Page 79, line \,for fig. 17, read fig. 18. Page 79, line 30, after fig. 21, add fig. 22. Page 80, line 6, after fig. 24, add fig. 25. Page 105, Scopula prunalis. — In the Zoologist, p. 774, is rather a doubtful account, to the effect that this species is parasitic upon Phlogophora meticulosa, by Mr. W. Turner, who thinks he observed its caterpillar issuing from the chrysalis of the latter insect, and, if he mistake not, the parasite, having changed to a chrysalis, came forth as Margaritia prunalis. Page 119, ^(/fZ Species 11, Antithesia Grevillana, Curtis, Brit. Ent., pi. 567. Expands 8 lines ; fore wings long and narrow, variegated with interrupted black transverse lines of spots ; a large space at the apex white, forming two claws on the internal margin, with a long, gray, oblique line, arising at the posterior angle, and furcate at the extremity of the apex ; black, with white dots, fonning two oblique stripes ; fringe black ; hind wings yeUovvish-brown, palest at the base. Taken in Sutherlandshire, in July, by ^Messrs. Greville and Wilson. Page 123, Add Species 2, Pseudotomia nigropunctana (Plate 83, fig. 3). Measures 5 lines in expanse ; fore -wings pale buff, delicately irrorated with gray scales, and marked with numerous minute and not very well-defined black dots ; the base of the wing, on the inside, also darker ; on the disc, beyond the middle, is a small silvery dot, and beyond it, parallel with the apical margin, is an abbreviated, curved, silvery stt"eak ; hind wings white in the middle, vpith the margins black ; the VOL. II. 31 M 366 ADDEXDA AXD CORIUGE>T)A. a^ aad oater aag^ laoie bnadiT Ithek. .UBed to P. atio maiguia, bat diSias in the colotns ci the fate win^ and in the vant of the pale {nidi, on the inner maipit. A sz^e spedmen, taken im the faaik of a biidi-tree. in Dalwich-wood. many veaisKo. bj llr. Benti^, and eonanHmeatedbr him with the name abovB emplojed. Pigc 1^ AM Speaes S* (or SS^ I^endotoBia Aitanesbe, BentleT. in Zool^ p. 774. — ^ Expands 7 to 7^ lines : foie vings deep bisea^ at the b^e. ber^oitd the middle giap^ bnnm, with a d^t goldai tii^; the eosta vrith four oblique lilwli hiln) : the inner maii^vitfatfaeeanalltzaBsvGise black dots; npon the erfrane maigin is a slight notch, giving the ^Ksaioaid^ipeaiaiKe; in the middle of the inner noi^ is an obscme siaTi^ patch: cilia dneseons, and^ossr. with a deader dark Gne at the base : Mud wii;^ foscoBS. Taksi at 3tlaigate, in Joly and At^osi. npcoi a species of .Anemisia. by Mr.BeBii?r. R^ 1^}. line 3 (and p. 1^ faotton W»»e bnt ooe)jji>r l^eadotania obecmana, read I^nidotomia obsoldtana — the fonner ■one bein; already enpltnred in thegeans. Bi^ 336, Endocea aKostea and pallWia These two :^ecie5 aie stated, by Mr. Jwdan, to be dooble-biooded. appearing in 31xy, and ^nin in S^eraber and October, ZooL, p.^S4. Paae 1S3. fine 3. Add. Takes in saidais in the aonunn (Mr. Bentley). Pise ISS. line 13. Add. Common in grassy placFS, in July. Page 19i.>. Koe 27. Add, Foond in the Xew Fcs^x. near BiockeiihErst, in s^ember. by Mr. Bentley. P^^ 1^ lice 7. Add, TabsB in gpudess in Jnly. P3^ 19±. liiki l±, Add, T^ben in ^udeas in Jmie. by Mr. Bestley. P^e li»i, lise ±2. Add. Takat npoi the bnmra. npcra Eppins Forest, in Aosnst Qlr. Baitley). Pi^e 192. Hne 27. Jdif, fikaa at Camberwefl. by J. F. Siephss. Esq. P^e 192. %«aes 53. I presa^ this qiecies to be identical with the insect mentioned in Mr. Edlestcm's coauntmication :« - Zixjoeis:." p- 7^ as A. a^emma. <£ Dale MS_ a new ^eeies, c^tmed near Manchester, on the 12th Mar ; glossy bfack. aad of the ai!!£ sie ^ A. laQQCtxnis. Vagt 199. fines 16 and 17. Refuse Ae Xoe. «rf thse two ^ones.^ 15, read 16 ; and 7^ 16, read 15. Pkc 203. at the esd «f dtfeaipuan ct Fbie CXI. (belbie the final paragraph) add. ^ Ss. i. TptMiomeata seddla ;'' and in desd^ptioB of As ^leeies the i^rence to Plate CXL, fig. I, most be altered to Plate CXI., ag. L Mr. Stephens (ZotL, p. ^7) states that he took: it en. the win^ era XtxbDir Hillj XMWOod, on the 2-5di oi Apdl. The caterpillar £eeds npon Sednm (aoC Sedda) telephnm. Pi^ S3S. The ipipetSted poaiicn of the gains XcMno^uia has led to its bong acedanally introdDced. twice oytr. in the pieseat wv^ The deac^daa here giren ^toold be oased, a liilleT one being ^\&i in page 9S. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE XA3.IES THE FAMILIES ASD GEXERA OF MOTHS DESCRIBED IX THE STOXD TOLOCE Oas. — The UMma priatei is CmfUtls, art thitte «f Ike Fmmilux ; Htme u> trjmarjf Baamm Aanteters, art Ame tf Ae Cemrm ad^lrH ,- amd lime m tic Bke tgpe, tmt mUk ife mwmier tf At pfa jwriwwl n> paremtketet, vtt the SywrnyBoeni aeset tf the Genera, ike Jatraimrliam »f mUek imlm ikU ladex kai teem ikimgkt U he vf maSerial sirnec m faoB'te&af ref traces U lAe iert. WTtere Uea ar man ■■■kii ta ffee an fteen, ffcwf i»riwtrf » ynemttetet n;^ a> i E&CS ?.»££ TAa: AliUn .140 ArsjTelqa . . 1C3 Caidocei (1J«| , tjp^mjiJL'sn . mr^ Ateaxas - 44, (77) Ai'ginjouges . . 2Ci7 Chlorissa . ■ . 7S F.yiyma^ . . 27 Aecena . (16, . . 206 C:irr5DEaris . . . 219 Cicbisa 3^ (35, 4*, 41, 42, 54i , Eiiaceiiaia FffTgriwfa . . 252 CZ7i ArgTTGtoza . ]&?! ^wilmpufe . . 257 ArLe . . (72 C2is . . . . »4 F-T^fVyyay^ . . 150 Aeidifis 75, <51, 56, 6/, 73) Aaopa . r«l, 92,93) Oedeotaa - . S'S' Eiacka . ■ --(«*») Ackffi . . 162 AsfBates . 2S,(49j CSeodsDt. . 1.Q3 F^llWT«m.T» . - . 32 Aeoa^EB . . . 19i Ajjbs . (147) CSeog^ ... ->; . 5« Aera . 198 Asnages . . . 218 Clewa . .IS EodoT-ea 226 Aerolep'a . . . 248 Aveatia. - • (SI) • QK|*Baa . . -40 Enpoiheesa 59 Adaerrlos <.2*8t a™ . Oil) (Mkitofb^a .199 EnpiocMinis . . 247 Adda' . . J97 Coehjfe 175, (169, 173, 17«) EupcEieiBa . 173 sa^ . . SS Bacira . 13S. fl40) Cakib«^^ . . tS EimiiTpaja . . 99 AsSsbes . . 25« Bapta . . 67 C^AlfBITES . (85) . 28 Agi<» . 90 Bana . . . 2S Oa.i» 235,(90) JiiE^olailKSTX . . 254 Agnlcn . . . 92 Bjswn . 9 OmeaBs ... 11 EiShaBa . «t AUmbb . 196 B-;>irfnia as, 19, 21, 22) CvDeaa . . . . 105 Akis . . 14 BradTsjietffi . . 27 _ Faleana ■ -(SI) AhKia . (258), 262 Bo^aIi2£ -1. (3) I>affl0I*2a - . (219) - 4,(4,«e) ALUCITLDi . . . 2i8 DasjTssa . - ^96) Amal^ (57) rahera . . 24 Dagstarta . . . 300 GiDesii . . 225 Amaarasetb . . 250 r«Jfr*n . . 2!7 I>e|a«sazia . . 181 GeozDeOB . 12 fir) AmphidasJs ■ (8), O) Gnapu . . . 16 Dnfitama . .(98) GBOUKTHTDi . 1 .^mphisa • a 15) I . .51 Kasemia . .96 ^f^niSTTX . . 215 Anaen^as . . ISo Caiqti;lacUla . . 90 KctTt^iieras . . . 166 Gxai^^aBa . 255 AOMMBOk . . 94 CapQlazra (197) Ditrfa . (US) AaAjkipea . . 129 Capoa . . 167 Dioae. . . . .3W HaSa 2? Anesjrbia . . . 101 CazpoeajBa . 1S5 Itejflttm . .(75) bfias . . (1«7, 1«S) AngenHU . 15 Catarljsta . . . 97 DrefOB . . . S3 H«f.«« - 217 Aai . . 80 Cehna . 43 £uz^aljv£ . . 35 Aniatis . . 43 Cavstoca . . . 244 Esiii . . .1*8 Haif^lays . . 342 Aiu5-?pterTX - . 6 OxBiBdiaBS . 243 Edoesa . . 2*4 . . 21 Anadea ■ ^1, (132) (ThazisBa . . 52 Eleetra 42, (35, 3S, 39. 40) IfiiaihB . 17 AciafceEia . . 117 &»} Ellofia ....]« HecijB . - (IW) ApbeJia . (138) . . 5« ftwiiriiRai . . es Ha4« . - (72) Afldosetia . . 222 . 163 ffaiiii tamM . .196 Ifa»*«s^ . . 210 A|>li>ecn - (43). 68 (^sKUBODIDJbI . . 300 E-OMS 81,(11,12,14,15) »fa»«iJ-tf - -(87) Apkita (194), 196 1 dtesias . . 53 Bkqckia . . . 91 Tf . » ». ^ . . 122 Aiaxes . . 234 Cliik) . . 240 ' TfhTT» . . . . S O^fBt^K 11, (17, 78) 268 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF NAMES. Hibemia Himera Homoesoma Hybernia Hydrocampa Hylophila Hypena Hypercallia Hypsolopha Hypsopygia Hyria Idfea . Ilythia Incurvaria Ismene PAGE . . (8, 5ti) . 10 . . 233 . 6, (6) 96, (96, 97, 98) . . 107 . 85 . . 179 . 242 . . 92 . 66 • • -(44) . . 225 . 249 . . .(204) Lampetia . . . (6) LamproDia . . . 251 Lampropteryx . . 40 Larentia,30(48, 50, 51, 52,55, 56. 59) Larissa . Lepidocera Leptogratnma Lobophora Lophodenis Loplionotus Lozogramma Lozopera . Lozotaenia Macaria Macrochila Madopa Msesia Margaritia . Melanippe Melanthia . Melia .(43) . 248 . 164 . 57 . 151 . 193 . 49 . 176 . 109 . 79, (67, 78) . 87, 194 . . .(89) . 5 . 100, (105) 45, (68, 72, 77) . (32, 35, 45) . (226) Meliana . Mesographe Metallosetia Metra Metrocampa Microsetia Minoa Nascia Nola NomophUa . Nomophila Notocelia . Nuraeria Nygmia Nymphula Nyssia Odezia Odontia Odontopera fficophora . Oporabia Oporinia Orthotseiia Orthotfenia 171, (144, 150, 169) Ourapteryx . . . 16 Oxigrapha . (164) O.Kypate . . . . 200 PAGE . . (226) . 99 . . 219 ■ • (10) . -(16) . 211 67, (66, 67) . 105 . 106 . . 98 . 233 . . 147 . 24 . (202) .(96) • • (67) . (105) . 11 196,(215) . 55 . . 199 . 180 Pachycnemia Psedisca Pancalia Paracolax Paraponyx Pararaesia Pechipogon Pentliina . Pericallia Peronea . S3 . 115 . 216 . 87 . 97 (162) . 87 (117) . 14 . 153 Phasiane Phibalapteryx Phibalocera . Phibolia . Phigalia Philalcea . Philedone Phlyctsenia Phorodesma . Phtheocliroa Phycis . Phycita PLATYPTERICID^E Platypteryx . Plutella Paecilochroma Paecilophasia Polyphasia Porrectaria Prionapteryx Pseudotomia Psodos PTEROPHORITES Pterophorus . Ptycholoma Ptychopoda PjTausta PYRALID^ Pyralis (87, 90, ! Rhacodia Rhyacionia Roxana Rumia PAGE PAGE . 29 Semasia . (135) . 48 Semioscopis . . 201 . 179 Senta . . 226 .(79) Sericoris . 144 . 8 Simaethis . . . 93 . 132 Siona . 44 . 115 Speranza . . . 3 . 98 Spllonota . 1 19 (119, 148) (181) Steganolophia . . 39 . 175 Steganoptycha . 127 (229) Stranelia . . .(53) . 229 Strenia . . 72 . 82 Synaphe . . 89 2,(83) (241) Telea . 203 . 148 Tephrosia . 22 (18) . 77 Teras . . 165 . 38 Thera. . . 54 . 220 Theristis . 241 . 234 Timandra . .78(27) . 123 Tinea . . 245 . 3 TINEID^ . . 224 (258) TORTRICID^ . 107 . 258 Tortrix . 108 (109) . 149 . 73 95 (94) Triphosa . 50 Venilia . . 72 . 85 Venusia . 35 91,95) (165) . 173 . 134 . 15 Sarrothripns Scardia Scoparia Scopula Seotosia . 151 • (247) (226) (98, 233) . 50 Xanthosetia . 178 Yponomeuta . . . 202 YPONOMEUTID^ . . 180 Y'psipetes . . . (47) Ypsolophus . . (243) Zancle . . (257) Zeiraphera . . (123, 173) Zerene . . 45 (35, 44, 45) Zerynthia . . . .(32)