aa ft } * thor . < 4% 5 : ¢ | ; & 4 aot Re ’ y& Y _ ; 7 : _ ' : * 7 a iE 1 ‘ ac? > a Wi v q . ; . is ‘5, } Ril ‘ ty ; . ia ¥ ‘ 4 ; 4 , EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD PETER BUCHANAN (2011-2017), Chair Auckland, New Zealand SABINE HUHNDORE (2011-2016), Past Chair Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. BRANDON MATHENY (2013-2018) Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S.A. KAREN HANSEN (2014-2019) Stockholm, Sweden ISSN 0093-4666 (PRINT) ISSN 2154-8889 (ONLINE) MYCOTAXON THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNGAL TAXONOMY & NOMENCLATURE OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017 VOLUME 132 (4) http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/132-4 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF LORELEI L. NORVELL editor@mycotaxon.com Pacific Northwest Mycology Service 6720 NW Skyline Boulevard Portland, Oregon 97229-1309 USA NOMENCLATURE EDITOR SHAUN R. PENNYCOOK PennycookS@LandcareResearch.co.nz Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Auckland, New Zealand MyYcoTAxONn, LTD. © 2017 www.mycotaxon.com & www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mtax/mt P.O. BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14581-0264, USA IV ... MYCOTAXON 132(4) MYCOTAXON VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO (4) — TABLE OF CONTENTS 132-4: TABLE OF CONTENTS, NOMENCLATURAL UPDATES, PEERS, EDITORIAL Nomenclatural novelties & typifications ........ 00. c eee eee vii PREV ICWALS nc cc EOS to cae Sar oto. wee et vate es Re Ae hettele «gates ix ERPACE UL PPOVIOUS ASUS. SE Ae an at Ls ae ee hy eh ae hd ee ee x PROVDEEEAIEOV: 30.4 usariga cre tee iscrinh ence tte nry: ey E ty Aas CBO Th aoe cd ecarern gg 8 a xi ZOES AU UPAISSIOMPKO CCAS ng Sse tis, auiklace be ayd chi ine Pach iechtace title SY xiii RESEARCH ARTICLES Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov., from deciduous forests of Northern Alsace, France JEAN MICHEL TRENDEL, FELIX HAMPE & ANNEMIEKE VERBEKEN 707 Triadelphia acericola and T: centroseptata spp. nov., and a synopsis of the genus DeE-WE! LI & JIAN-REN YE 723 Glischroderma Fuckel Greécorre L. HENNEBERT 745 Ellismarsporium gen. nov. and Stanhughesiella gen. nov. to accommodate atypical Helminthosporium and Corynesporella species RAFAEL FE, CASTANEDA-Ru1IZ, DE-WEI LI, XIU-GUO ZHANG, BRYCE KENDRICK, BEATRIZ RAMOS-GARCIA, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ & DAYNET Sosa 759 Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. and two new records from southern China Hao-Hva Lt, Kai ZHANG, CHUN-LING YANG, JI-WEN XIA & XIU-GUO ZHANG 767 Pseudocercospora lysidices sp. nov. on Lysidice rhodostegia from China FENGYAN ZHAI, YINGLAN Guo, YINGJIE Liu & HONGLIAN Li 773 Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. and Conioscypha varia from indoor environments DE-WEI LI, CHIN S. YANG & ARIUNAA JALSRAI 779 Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov., from northeastern China Xu-MENG JIANG, YANG-Kun L1, JUN-FENG LIANG & JIAN-RONG Wu 789 Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and its ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus oblongata MUNAZZA KIRAN, JUNAID KHAN, AROO] NASEER, HASSAN SHER & ABDUL NasiIR KHALID 799 Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov. from Hainan, China Min Qiao, XING Du, ZHAO-HuI BIAN, JIE PENG & ZE-FEN YU 813 OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017... V Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. in a guadual forest from Quindio Department, Colombia TANIA RAYMUNDO, RICARDO SOTO-AGUDELO & RICARDO VALENZUELA 819 Baeomyces lotiformis sp. nov. from China SHUNAN CAO, JIANFENG HE, FANG ZHANG, HUIMIN TIAN, CHUANPENG Liv, HAIYING WANG & QIMING ZHOU 831 Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. on Picea likiangensis var. rubescens from Sichuan, China CuHuUN-LIN YANG, XIU-LAN Xu, ZHENG-GAO ZHANG & YING-GAO Liu 839 Hypoderma rubi on two new hosts in Slovakia MARTIN PasTIRCAK & KATARINA PASTIRCAKOVA 849 New reports of Myriospora (Acarosporaceae) from Europe KERRY KNUDSEN, JANA KOCOURKOVA & ULF SCHIEFELBEIN 857 Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. from southern China Wet-Li Liv, TaI-MIN Xu, SHAN SHEN, XIANG-Fu Liu, YANG SUN & CHANG-LIN ZHAO 867 Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China X1A0-MEI WANG, ZI-JIAN ZHAO, SHAN-SHAN CHEN, X1A0-MaAN Li, Hao-Hua LI, X1u-Guo ZHANG & JI-WEN X1A 875 Repetophragma elegans sp. nov. from Hainan Province, China X1AO-MEI WANG, SHAN-SHAN CHEN, XIAO-MAN LIv, ZI-JIAN ZHAO, Hao-Hua LI, X1u-GUO ZHANG & JI-WEN XIA 881 A contribution to the study of Helotiales and Rhytismatales in Turkey MAKBULE ERDOGDU, GOKHAN DoGaN, EL$AD HUSEYIN & ZEKIYE SULUDERE 885 Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis newly recorded from China CoNG-ConG MIA, XIANG- XIANG ZHAO, ZUN-TIAN ZHAO, HURNISA SHAHIDIN & Lu-Lu ZHANG 895 Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ELAINE MALosso, PHELIPE M.O. Costa, MarcE La A. BARBOSA, GABRIELA V.R. Da SILVA & RAFAEL E. CAsSTANEDA-Ru1z 903 Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. in the Inosperma clade from Pakistan A. NASEER, A.N. KHALID & MATTHEW E. Smi1TH 909 Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov., an aquatic hyphomycete from China Jun-EN Huana, Hat-Yan Sona, X1-GEN HUANG, JIAN Ma & DiAn-Minc Hu 919 Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. and M. navicularis from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest | PHELIpE M.O. Costa, ELAINE MALosso, MarceELa A. BARBOSA, WANDERSON L. TAVARES & RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RuIz 925 New records of Amanita from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, Mexico EVANGELINA PEREZ-SILVA & ABRAHAM J. MEDINA-ORTIiz 933 vi ... MYCOTAXON 132(4) Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan ABDUL NASIR KHALID & MUHAMMAD HaAnlir 943 Three new combinations in Drepanopeziza for species on poplar Amy Y. RossMAN, W. CAvVAN ALLEN, Lisa A. CASTLEBURY & GERARD VERKLEY 951 Key to the lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam, with eight new records SANTOSH JOSHI, D.K. UPRETI & JAE-SEOUN Hur 957 Acumispora delicata sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest PHELIPE M.O. Costa, MARCELA A. BARBOSA, WANDERSON L. TAVARES, DAYNET SOSA, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ, RAFAEL FE. CASTANEDA-RUIZ & ELAINE MALosso 971 Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. from the Brazilian semi-arid region = SHEILA MIRANDA LEAO-FERREIRA, Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ 977 REGIONAL MYCOBIOTAS NEW TO THE MYCOTAXON WEBSITE 985 Diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous basidiomycetes on the island of Cyprus MICHAEL LOIZzIDES Checklist of saprobic asexual microfungi from the tropical montane cloud forest of Veracruz, México Rosa Maria ARIAS, GABRIELA HEREDIA & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES LORELEI NORVELL & ELSE VELLINGA (zps.) 987 AGARICUS OF NORTH AMERICA (Richard W. Kerrigan; 2016) HEBELOMA (FR.) P. KUMM. (H.J. Beker, U. Eberhardt & J. Vesterholtt; 2016) LICHENS OF MEXICO: THE PARMELIACEAE (Maria Herrera-Campos, Rosa Emilia Pérez-Pérez, Thomas H. Nash II], eds.; 2016) PUBLICATION DATE FOR VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO (3) MYCOTAXON for JULY-SEPTEMBER 2017, (I-xIv + 471-706) was issued on October 2, 2017 OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017... NOMENCLATURAL NOVELTIES AND TYPIFICATIONS PROPOSED IN MYCOTAXON 132(4) Acumispora delicata P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.E Castaneda [IF 554059], p. 972 Anisogenispora S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castaneda [IF 552545], p. 978 Anisogenispora insignissima S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castafeda [IF 552546], p. 978 Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum D.W. Li & Chin S. Yang [MB 820855], p. 780 Baeomyces lotiformis S.N. Cao [MB 819009], p. 834 Colpoma guadueticola Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & R. Valenz. [MB 820664], p. 822 Drepanopeziza brunnea (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & W.C. Allen [MB 822026] (lectotypified), p. 952 Drepanopeziza castagnei (Desm. & Mont.) Rossman & W.C. Allen [MB 822027] (lectotypified), p. 953 Drepanopeziza populi (Lib.) Rossman & W.C. Allen [MB 822028] (lectotypified), p. 954 Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis M. Qiao & Z.E. Yu [MB 820988], p. 814 Ellismarsporium R.F. Castahtleda & X.G. Zhang [MB 807603], p. 760 Ellismarsporium catenatum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang [MB 807605], p. 763 Ellismarsporium hypselodelphyos (M.B. Ellis) R.E Castaheda & X.G. Zhang [MB 807604], p. 763 Ellismarsporium parvum R.F. Castaneda & W. B. Kendr. [MB 807606], p. 763 = Helminthosporium parvum R.F. Castaneda & W.B. Kendr., nom. illeg. (non Grove 1886) Ellismarsporium pinarense (R.F. Castaneda) R.E. Castaneda & X.G. Zhang [MB 807607], p. 763 Ellismarsporium senseletii (Bhat & B. Sutton) R.E Castafeda & X.G. Zhang [MB 807608], p. 763 Ellismarsporium simpliphorum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang [MB 807609], p. 763 Ellismarsporium zombaense (B. Sutton) R.F. Castafeda & X.G. Zhang [MB 807610], p. 763 VII vill ... MYCOTAXON 132(4) Endophragmiella jiulingensis H.H. Li & X.G. Zhang [MB 823127], p. 769 Inocybe shawarensis Naseer & Khalid [MB 820130], p. 912 Lirula sichuanensis X.L. Xu, C.L. Yang & Y.G. Liu [MB 819592], p. 841 Minimelanolocus atlanticus P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.F. Castaneda [IF 554056], p. 926 Paliphora bicolorata Malosso, P.M.O. Costa, & R.FE. Castaneda [MB 823671], p. 904 Perenniporia puerensis C.L. Zhao [MB 823635], p. 868 Phaeomonilia aquatica J.E. Huang, H.Y. Song, Jian Ma & D.M. Hu [MB 821142], p. 920 Pseudocercospora lysidices Y.L. Guo & F.-Y. Zhai [MB 819544], p. 776 Repetophragma elegans J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang [MB 821043], p. 883 Russula brunneovinacea X.M. Jiang, Yang K. Li & J.F. Liang [MB 819154], p. 791 Russula vinosoflavescens Trendel & F. Hampe [MB 819428], p. 711 Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang [MB 823681], p. 876 Stanhughesiella R.F. Castaieda & D.W. Li [MB 807614], p. 764 Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata (S. Hughes) R.F. Castaneda & D.W. Li [MB 807615], p. 764 Thelephora iqbalii Khalid & Hanif [MB 800830], p. 945 Triadelphia acericola D.W. Li [MB 813008], p. 725 Triadelphia archontophoenicicola D.W. Li [MB 813055], p. 728 = Triadelphia australiensis Joanne E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones 2003 nom. illeg. non B. Sutton 1989) Triadelphia centroseptata Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy ex D.W. Li [MB 823119], p. 731 = Triadelphia centroseptata Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy, 1997 [“1996”], nom. inval. OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017... REVIEWERS — VOLUME ONE HUNDRED THIRTY-TWO (4) The Editors express their appreciation to the following individuals who have, prior to acceptance for publication, reviewed one or more of the papers prepared for this quarter. Najam ul Sehar Afshan André Aptroot Juliano M. Baltazar Annarosa Bernicchia Uwe Braun Rafael F. Castahieda —Ruiz Bao-Kai Cui Gregorio Delgado Ursula Eberhardt Martin Esqueda Mark L. Gleason Shouyu Guo Luis Fernando Pascholati Gusmao Rosanne Healy Gabriela Heredia Abarca Kathie T. Hodge Sana Jabeen Peter R. Johnston Jason Karakehian Geoffrey Kibby Sevda Kirbag S. Kondratyuk James C. Lendemer De-Wei Li Yan-Chun Li Ying-Ren Lin Robert Lticking Jian Ma P. Brandon Matheny John W. McCarthy Eric H.C. McKenzie David W. Minter Josiane S. Monteiro Gabriel Moreno Abdul Rehman Niazi Lorelei L. Norvell Shaun R. Pennycook Sergio Pérez Gorjon Elias Polemis Hyeon-Dong Shin H.J.M. Sipman Jeffrey Stone Else C. Vellinga Andrew W. Wilson Eugene Yurchenko Huang Zhang Xiu-Guo Zhang Huan-Di Zheng X ... MYCOTAXON 132(4) ERRATA FROM PREVIOUS VOLUMES VOLUME 122 pp. 449-460 For: Arthrinium rasikravindrii or A. rasikravindrii READ: Arthrinium rasikravindrae or A. rasikravindrae The paper “Arthrinium rasikravindrii [sic] sp. nov. from Svalbard, Norway” by Singh et al. proposed a new species honoring Dr. Rasik Ravindra. Although the director of the National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research and leader of the first Indian Arctic Expedition is a man (as indicated by the masculine genitive ending -ii on the published species epithet), the INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NOMENCLATURE FOR ALGAE, FUNGI, AND PLANTS requires the feminine genitive ending —ae for any name ending in ~a, regardless of the gender of the person (Rec. 60C.1(a)). The misspelled species epithet should be corrected to ‘rasikravindrae’ throughout. The misspelling appears on p. 449 lines 5, 13, 19; in running titles on pp. 451, 453, 455, 457, 459; on p. 451 line 5; p. 452 line 13; p. 453 Fie. 1 legend, line 1; p. 454 lines 31, 33, 36 and Fia. 2 legend, line 2; p. 456, Phylotree (Fic. 3): top 7 branches; Fie. 3 legend, line 2; primary text line 5; p. 457 Phylotree (Fic. 4): branches 22-28; p. 458 lines 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 17 & 18. VOLUME 132(3) p. 589 line 3 App: Mycoraxon, Ltd. is thanked for underwriting the publication costs for this manuscript. Back cover, line 1 FOR: Cephalotrichum tuffiforme READ: Cephalotrichum turriforme OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2017 ... XI FROM THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MATERIALS & METHODS— REMOVING THE TEDIUM. Mycologists and other scientists are usually introduced to materials and methods while writing lab reports, dissertations, or grant applications—situations in which devotion to minute detail is encouraged or where a budget must be calculated. When publishing short papers, however, the ‘Me&w’ section is best kept brisk, pertinent, and succinct. Only procedures producing results should be included. Although researchers may have spent many, many exasperating hours extracting, amplifying, and sequencing DNA, no one wishes to read about the process unless phylogenetic results appear later in the paper. Likewise, if the procedures followed are the same found in a previous publication, do not invent text or copy from the older paper; simply insert a text reference, such as “ITS rDNA was extracted and amplified according to White & al. (1990).” Once. Extra (brief) detail is needed only when the referenced protocol has been modified. Easy worldwide access to today’s Internet means that Mycotaxon readers are no longer heart-warmed by recitation of company, city, country from which a particular piece lab equipment was acquired. Authors are encouraged to place Brand and Model number (no ® symbol required!) before the equipment. Thus, microscopical measurements should be taken using NOT “..a compound light microscope (Leica®, Model DM RB, Leica Microsystems (Danaher), Wetzlar, Germany) loaded with Nomarski optics...” but simply “...a Leica DM RB compound microscope with DIC optics.” And please, people! In this day of chemical, cultural, molecular, and population analyses, there is no longer a need to encompass “morphological” and “anatomical” using the needlessly long term: “morpho-anatomical.”. “Morphology” which covers both anatomy as well as features visible to the naked eye, may be used all by itself! [Species circumscribed relying only on anatomical characters are still understood to be based on a ‘morphological species’ concept.] DIAMETER VS. WIDTH—We know. It is extremely tempting to refer to the short dimension of a hypha measured with 1000x-power as a ‘width (which contrasts with the long dimension, the ‘length’). Unfortunately using ‘width’ for diameter conveys the impression that the object measured is two-dimensional. It isn’t—it is three- dimensional, and what you have measured is the diameter. Rather than write out ‘in diameter’ in your technical descriptions and keys, try placing diam. (or even diam without the full stop) after the unit (e.g.: “23 um diam” or “23 um diam.”). MycoTAxoNn accepts both styles but does request consistency! This has the added bonus of reminding readers that what we see through a microscope lens only sEEMs to exist in one plane. MYCOTAXON 132(4) presents 31 research papers by 132 authors representing 18 countries and revised by 48 expert reviewers, adds two new mycobiotas to its website, and reviews three excellent books published in late 2016. XII ... MYCOTAXON 132(4) Within its pages are THREE new genera (Anisogenispora, Ellismarsporium, Stanhughesiella) and 22 species new to science representing Acumispora, Anisogenispora, Minimelanolocus, and Paliphora from Brazil; Bactrodesmiastrum and Triadelphia from the United States; Baeomyces, Ellisembia, Endophragmiella, Lirula, Perenniporia, Phaeomonilia, Pseudocercospora, Repetophragma, Russula, and Sporidesmiopsis from China; Colpoma from Colombia; Inocybe and Thelephora from Pakistan; and Russula from France. We also offer 12 new combinations or replacement names in Drepanopeziza, Ellismarsporium, Stanhughesiella, and Triadelphia and keys to species in Acumispora, Ellismarsporium, Phaeomonilia, Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam, Sporidesmiopsis, and Triadelphia. Range extensions and/or new hosts for previously named taxa are cited for Myriospora in the Czech Republic & Italy; Helotiales & Rhytismatales in Turkey; Huneckia & Flavoplaca in China; and Amanita in Mexico’s Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve. Phylogenetic support and the ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus are confirmed for Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan while Hypoderma rubi is shown on two new hosts in Slovakia. Finally, in his clarification of Glischroderma, Mycotaxon co-founder Hennebert untangles a long-standing confusion within Glischroderma-Pachyphlodes-Ostraderma in honor of his former collegue and fellow co-founder, Dick Korf. Warm regards, Lorelei L. Norvell (Editor-in-Chief) 10 January 2018 OCTOBER-—DECEMBER 2017... XIII 2018 MYCOTAXON SUBMISSION PROCEDURE Prospective MycoTaxon authors should download the MycoTaxon 2018 guide, review & submission forms, and MycoTaxon sample manuscript by clicking the ‘file download page’ link on our INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS page before preparing their manuscript. This page summarizes our “4-step’ submission process. 1—PEER REVIEW: Authors first contact two (for journal papers) or three (for annotated species ‘weblists’) peer reviewers before sending them formatted text & illustration files and the appropriate 2018 MycoTaxon journal or weblist reviewer comment form. Experts return revisions & comments to BOTH the Editor-in-Chief and authors. The authors correct their files before submitting their manuscript to the Nomenclature Editor. 2—NOMENCLATURAL REVIEW: Email all ERROR-FREE text and illustration files to the Nomenclature Editor . 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MyYcoTAxON LTD— www.mycotaxon.com The Mycotaxon Webmaster posts announcements, subscription & publications information, and author forms & templates on the official MycoTAxon site. Our server also hosts the regional mycobiota webpage for free download of distributional annotated species lists. MyYCOTAXON ONLINE— www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mtax/mt Mycotaxon publishes four quarterly issues per year. Both open access and subscription articles are offered. MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 707-721 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.707 Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov., from deciduous forests of Northern Alsace, France JEAN MICHEL TRENDEL’, FELIX HAMPE? & ANNEMIEKE VERBEKEN* "7 rue des Coquilles, 67500 Haguenau, France ? Department of Biology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium CORRESPONDENCE TO: *mieke. verbeken@ugent.be 'jmtrendel@free.fr *felix.hampe@email.de ABSTRACT—Based on morphological, molecular, and ecological data, a new species of Russula sect. Russula, found on several occasions under deciduous trees in Northern Alsace is described and illustrated as: Russula vinosoflavescens, belonging to R. subsect. Sardoninae. Key worps—Basidiomycota, Russulaceae, ITS, Russula persicina, phylogeny Introduction Russula Pers. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) is an ectomycorrhizal genus with a world-wide distribution that is particularly well studied in temperate regions, notably in Europe (Romagnesi 1967; Sarnari 1998, 2005). The ectomycorrhizal associations, which often involve a selective fungus-plant partnership, were sometimes advantageously used to delimit infrageneric taxa. Such has been the case for R. subsect. Sardoninae Singer (Sarnari 1998, emend.), which is divided into series—provisionally defined by Sarnari (1998)—comprising, on one hand, species strictly associated with conifers (R. ser. Sardonia and R. ser. Sanguinea, both essentially corresponding to R. subsect. Sardoninae as conceived by Romagnesi 1967, 1987) and, on the other hand, species associated with deciduous trees, sometimes in a host-specific relationship (R. ser. Exalbicans = R. subsect. Exalbicantinae Singer as retained by Romagnesi, with species found only under birches) and sometimes with a broader host-range (R. ser. Persicina = R. subsect. Persicinae Romagn., species that can be found under oaks, hornbeams, beeches, birches, chestnuts, poplars, willows). 708 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken TABLE 1. Russula, Gymnomyces, and uncultured specimens with GenBank and UNITE sequence accession numbers used in the molecular analyses. SPECIES G. gilkeyae G. monosporus root sample (uncultured) R. americana R. aquosa R. atrorubens R. bresadolae (“R. atropurpurea”) R. cavipes Russula cf. “ammodica” R. citrinochlora R. consobrina R. depallens R. emetica R. exalbicans R. fageticola (“R. mairei”) R. fageticola (“R. nobilis”) R. fellea R. fragilis R. gracillima R. luteotacta R. ochroleuca R. persicina R. pumila R. queletii SPECIMEN JT 2572 OSC 117360 F 18871 TU 101831 TU 101708 TU 101691 TU 101851 HUE 178 PRM 858109 RT 9149 HUE 163 F 18874 TU 101905 20024 TU 118108 TU 106965 TU 101829 TU 101838 F 14309 DG 18 DG 44 2-11171S76 FH 12262 HUE 054 HUE 218 HUE 177 UE 2006-11-08-22 UE 2004-20-09-04 TU 101725 TU 106437 TU 106379 FH 12-187 TU 118113 LW 115 TU 101826 TU 106950 F 133 L 3X87 FH 12-237 RT 5140 COUNTRY USA USA Estonia Estonia Estonia Estonia Germany Czech Republic Italy Germany USA Norway Sweden Estonia Estonia Estonia Estonia United Kingdom United Kingdom Germany Germany Germany Germany Italy Sweden Estonia Estonia Estonia Germany Estonia Germany Estonia Estonia Finland Germany Italy SEQUENCE AY239346 EU669222 JQ890299 JN197654 EF434062 GU997950 GU997948 HQ604839 UDB015988 UDB011290 UDBO011358 UDB016006 UDB000313 HG423574 JF908681 AF418623 HQ604840 UDB016045 UDB002550 UDBO011223 UDBO011207 UDB015986 UDB015994 AY228360 JQ888196 UDB001628 AY061674 KT934013 UDB000346 UDB000345 UDB000314 UDB018436 UDB018434 UDBO011361 UDBO011176 UDBO011166 KT933991 UDBO011228 UDB000295 UDB015984 UDBO011196 UDB009582 FM993279 KT934007 JF908668 Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 709 R. renidens TU 101809 Estonia UDB015975 JR1758F™ Finland UDBO011117 R. rhodomelanea FH 2011-BT307 Germany UDB018429 IB 92/451 #7 Italy UDB018435 R. sanguinea TU 106710 Estonia UDB019728 FH 12240 Germany KT934008 R. sardonia TU 106951 Estonia UDBO011197 FH 12215 Germany KT933999 R. silvestris JK 11080504 Sweden UDBO018431 JK 11080802 Sweden UDB018430 R. thindii™™ BSHC KD11-095 India KM386693 R. torulosa TU 106444 Estonia UDBO011177 TU 101626 Italy UDB016261 R. vinosoflavescens JMT 05081006 France UDB031189 JMT 08081512 France UDB031188 JMT 14090502 # France UDB031187 JMT 05081007 France UDB031190 JMT 10080701 France UDB024104 JMT 13090715 France UDB024105 Outgroup R. puellula (“R. puellaris”) MC 01-502 Denmark UDB000010 R. cuprea FH 12250 Germany KT934010 R. olivobrunnea TU 101883 Finland UDB016034 HT holotype; ™ isotype. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new Russula species occurring in deciduous forests of Northern Alsace (NE France) and belonging to R. subsect. Sardoninae. Our initial morphological concept of the species, based on several collections from various localities, is fully supported by molecular data. ITS sequence analysis shows that the different collections form a well-supported clade in the Russula phylogenetic tree. Materials & methods Sampling All collections of the new taxon were made by Jean Michel Trendel and are deposited in GENT Herbarium. These collections are referred to with an eight-digit code YYMMDDxXxX (year; month; day; collection number). All collecting sites are located in Northern Alsace (NE France); the code of the municipality is that assigned by the National Institute for statistics and economic studies (INSEE); names (in quotation marks) of forest or place are those indicated on the topographic maps (1:25000 scale) from the Institut national de linformation géographique et forestiére (IGN); map coordinates of the collections refer to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 32N kilometer grid system; geological data (underlying rock) were mainly obtained 710 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken from geological maps (1:50000) edited by the Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Miniéres (BRGM). Morphological analysis Specimens were photographed in situ. The pictures are available at http://www2.muse.it/russulales-news/. Microscopic observations were carried out on fresh material. Pileipellis elements were studied on radial sections made by hand midway from the cap margin, mounted either in SDS Congo red (Clémengon 1999) or in distilled water. The search for acido-resistant encrustations was performed by staining with Ziehl carbol fuchsin followed by a rapid differentiation using a 1M HCl solution. Pileocystidia content was revealed using sulfovanillin (SV) freshly prepared with a 50% or 80% H,SO, aqueous solution. Hymenial elements were studied in the above-mentioned observation media. In some cases, additional controls were carried out on very fine cap sections made from dried material and further rehydrated in a moisture-saturated closed chamber for 24 h before observation in water. Basidiospores (from spore deposits) were examined in Melzer’s reagent and spore measurements (ornamentation excluded) were recorded randomly for 300 spores (6 collections) in side view. Measurements are given as (MINa) [AVa - 2*SD]—Ava-AVb-[AVb + 2*SD] (MAXb), with AVa = lowest mean value for the measured collections and MINa the minimum value corresponding with this mean value, AVb = greatest mean value and MAXb the maximum value corresponding with this mean value, and SD = standard deviation calculated for the measurements of one collection (minimum and maximum value are only given if not in the 2*SD-interval). Q stands for spore “length/width ratio” and is given as (MINQa)-Qa-Qb-(MAXQb) with Qa and Qb being the lowest, and the highest respectively, mean ratio for the measured specimen. The colour of the spore deposit, referring to Romagnesi’s (1967) scale, was assessed against a personal chart (JMT) and the Dagron’s chart (unpublished). Macrochemical reactions were determined using FeSO, in crystalline form, a 4% phenol solution, and a strong Guaiac solution made of permanently soaked Guaiac wood in 95% ethanol. Molecular analysis Total genomic DNA was extracted from dried material according to Nuytinck & Verbeken (2003), with modifications described in Van de Putte et al. (2010). The ITS region was amplified using the primers ITS1F-ITS4 (White et al. 1990, Gardes & Bruns 1993) and with polymerase PerfectTAQ (5 PRIME, Hilden, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation. PCR amplification followed Eberhardt (2012), and the PCR products were purified using the Qiaquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and directly sequenced with BigDye 3.1 technology (Applied Biosystems, now Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, USA). Specimens JMT-05081006, JMT-05081007, and JMT-05081512 were extracted and sequenced in Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (Marc-André Selosse) following Séne et-al7(2015). Raw sequences were edited in the BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor version 7.2.5 (Hall, 2013) or Sequencher version 4.8 (Gene Codes Corporation). Edited sequences Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 711 were aligned by MAFFT version 7 using the strategy E-INS-i (Katoh & Standley 2013). Maximum-likelihood searches for tree building were carried out locally with 100 replicates with the GTR+GAMMA model, selecting the best solution of all replicates analysis in RaXML 8.1.12 (Stamatakis 2014). Fast bootstrap searches were done locally or through the CIPRES Science Gateway (Miller et al. 2010) with 10 000 replicates. The final alignment included a total number of 67 ITS sequences, with 21 sequences corresponding to the current concept of R. subsect. Sardoninae (Sarnari 1998). Except for the R. vinosoflavescens collections cited as studied material all sequences were retrieved from GenBank or UNITE (TABLE 1). The tree with the highest log likelihood (-—4523.1303) is shown. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying the Maximum Parsimony method. Taxonomy Russula vinosoflavescens Trendel & F. Hampe, sp. nov. Figures 1, 2 MycoBAnk MB 819428 Differs from Russula persicina by its colour range, its mild or only slightly acrid taste, its reticulate spore ornamentation, and the presence of granular pigments in cuticular hyphae. Type: France, Alsace, Morsbronn-les-Bains (67303), “Niederwald’, UTM 32N: 0406318/5419158, 213 m alt., on argillaceous soil with eumull humus (underlying rock: upper Keuper red marls), under Quercus robur and Carpinus betulus with some Fagus sylvatica nearby, in an area characterized by calcicolous mycoflora with numerous Phlegmacium (Cortinarius) species, 5 Sept. 2014, JMT-14090502 (Holotype, GENT; UNITE UDBo31187). EryMoLocy: Referring to the purplish-red wine-coloured (vinoso) cap and the tendency of the cap to become brown-yellowish or ochraceous (flavescens) as well as when handling the stipe. PitEus 4.0-6.5 cm diam., more or less fleshy, rather firm to very firm but with margin occasionally slightly elastic, often irregular, at times knotty, convex- flattened with the margin sometimes incurved or even inrolled, then broadly but shallowly depressed; margin not or shortly sulcate, often flexuose-undulate or lobed, in some cases showing a very clear, whitish border extending to the edge of the gills (giving a “festooned” appearance); surface rugulose, more or less radially veined, frequently uneven-bumpy in the centre, a little shiny in wet conditions, but soon dry (except sometimes in the centre which remains a little greasy) and then more mat, purple-red, carmine-red, vinaceous-red, somewhat violet, rather vivid, but frequently paler, livid pinkish-vinaceous, with mauve (lilac) greyish shades that can entirely replace the reddish tinges, even more clearly greyish purple at the margin, becoming yellowish cream-ochraceous from the centre or showing locally ochre-bistre areas merging in the reddish and greyish mauve tints, sometimes becoming almost totally beige-brown, 712 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken ochreous-brown, with livid purple-violet glints mostly near the margin and a residual purple-brown at centre. LAMELLAE adnate or attenuated-subdecurrent, sometimes sub-emarginate, with a variable number of lamellulae, crowded to rather spaced, interveined, anastomosing and more or less forked at every level, in some cases more particularly near the stem (exceptionally regular, without any forking or anastomosing), (sub)acute at the cap margin (rarely subobtuse), narrow (0.3-0.5 cm, exceptionally broader <0.7 cm), whitish or very pale cream; edge entire but often somewhat irregularly wavy. STIPE 2-6 x 0.9-1.5(-2) cm, cylindrical or slightly enlarged downwards, usually rounded at the base (in a few cases tapering), sometimes eccentric, firm to almost hard, with a firm medulla (exceptionally hollow-fistulous); surface nearly smooth, finely wrinkled, white with occasionally a purple tinge (in one case remarkably grey-purplish, somewhat brownish), distinctly yellowing (dirty, often with greyish-brown shades) when handled or bruised. CONTEXT white, in the pileus almost unchanging, in medulla of stipe slightly yellowing, sometimes a little purple-violet beneath the cuticle in the most coloured forms; taste mild (or almost mild, occasionally with an unpleasant aftertaste, somewhat bitter), mild to slightly (and sometimes volatile) acrid in the gills, exceptionally more strongly acrid; smell not distinctive. MACROCHEMICAL REACTIONS FeSO: rose-orange; Phenol: brown; Guaiac: in most cases reacting on the stem surface almost immediately (<2 s, in one case more slowly), but of little intensity at the beginning, developing (10-15 s) in blue of medium intensity, exceptionally with a stronger reaction, (dark blue); on gills, the reaction developing slowly and weakly (blue-green to light blue). SPORE PRINT cream, II(a)b-c. Basip1osporss subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 6.4-7.2-8.1-9.0 x 5.9-6.5- 6.9-7.7 um (n = 300), Q = 1.06-1.11-1.20-1.30; ornamentation amyloid, often with incompletely amyloid warts; warts conical-obtuse, or more acute, sometimes somewhat truncated, generally around 0.4-0.8 um high, but also frequently reaching 1.0 um or higher, sometimes locally catenulate, interconnected by crests or more frequently by (often very fine) connectives, forming a well-developed and often nearly complete (with numerous meshes) reticulum, which may appear confused in some cases; suprahilar plage moderately amyloid, more or less bordered by small warts or low crests. Basip1A 4-spored, 42-57 x 9.5-12.5 um, including sterigmata (about 5 um long). PLEUROMACROCYSTIDIA 60-90 x 10.5-14.5 um, numerous, fusiform or more or less clavate, most commonly with a pointed appendage, which can show constrictions, more rarely ending in a short obtuse protuberance, Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 713 i a, Mga Fic. 1. Russula vinosoflavescens: colour forms observed. A, B. holotype, collection JMT-14090502; C. collection JMT-05082042, with marked reddish pigmentation; D. collection JMT-05081006, with marked reddish pigmentation; E. collection JMT-08081512, with predominating ochraceous colour; EF. collection JMT-10080701, with mauve-lilac colour reminiscent of a Griseinae. 714... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken strongly staining with SV. PILEIPELLIS composed of hyphae containing reddish- violaceous granular pigments; epicuticular elements (2.0-—)2.5-4.0 um diam., sometimes branched, flexuose, sometimes inflated up to 5.5 um; terminal cell obtuse, or slightly thickened with a short appendage, also subcapitulate, or (exceptionally) pear-shaped <7.0 um diam., but also conversely more or less attenuated (sometimes abruptly). PILkeocystTip1a of two types; type 1 usually unicellular (occasionally with 1 septum), rarely bifid, clavate—-fusiform, less frequently cylindric, 4.0-9.5 um diam., often appendiculate-capitulate or showing an obtuse apical protuberance, sometimes slender, (at least 120 um long, narrowed at the base to 2.5-3.0 um diam.), with a content reacting variably depending on the collection—but also on a cuticular section—when treated with SV, staining (rather) strongly (grey-blackish) or weakly (grey-pinkish) or even remaining inert (pinkish); type 2 lactiferoid (some clearly termini of ascending lactifers), pluriseptate, more or less regularly cylindrical, 6.0-10.5 uum diam., with variably shaped terminal elements that sometimes taper (with possible constrictions), sometimes are somewhat thickened or subclavate, or with type 1 type appendages, originating in the deeper pellis, distinctly reacting with SV (except in one specimen where the granular content of pileocystidia type 2 is inert or reacts only very weakly in SV); without encrusted elements after treatment with Ziehl fuchsin. ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—Under deciduous trees, associated with Carpinus betulus, or Quercus (Q. robur or Q. petraea), or both (possibly also with Fagus sylvatica), in a rather wet environment (possibly periodically drier), on more or less argillaceous soils, neutral to superficially slightly acidic, usually nutrient-rich with a rather high base saturation level (calcium-rich), with mesotrophic to eutrophic mull humus. Phenology: late July to early September (summer fruiting). Known only from six sites (9 collections) in Northern Alsace (France). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—FRANCE, ALSACE. Bas-Rhin, Mattstall, commune associated with Lembach (67263), ‘Sauerhald} UTM 32N: 0409918/5426543, alt. 203 m, underlying rock: Upper Muschelkalk marly calcareous formation, under Quercus, Carpinus, Fagus (forest locally rich in orchids, e.g., Epipactis microphylla), JMT-13090715 (GENT, UNITE: UDB024105); Dauendorf (67087), “Herrenwald} 0402753/5410066, 168 m, Loess from the Quaternary (and more ancient alluvial deposits?), in a wet environment, nitrogen-rich and with a high base saturation level, under Carpinus, Quercus, Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus sp., and with a herbaceous layer comprising Allium ursinum, Carex sylvatica, Circaea lutetiana, Geum urbanum, Glechoma hederacea, Paris quadrifolia, Stachys sylvatica, JMT-10080701 (GENT, UDB024104); 0402762/5409965, 171 m, Loess from the Quaternary (and more ancient alluvial deposits?), under Carpinus, Quercus, JMT-05082042 (GENT); Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 715 Fic. 2. Russula vinosoflavescens (holotype, collection JMT- 14090502). A. fruitbody in sectional view; B. pileus epicutis: pileocystidia (with content shown schematically) and hyphal terminal elements; C. hymenial cystidia on gill sides; D. spores as observed in Melzer’s reagent. Scale bars: A=1cm;B=10 um; C = 20 um; D=5 um. 716 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken Bettwiller (67036), “Buchwald, 0365394/5416535, 347 m, Upper Muschelkalk marly calcareous formation, under Quercus, Carpinus, with some Fagus and Prunus avium, JMT-05081006 (GENT, UDB031189) and JMT-05081007 (GENT, UDB031190), most likely belonging to the same mycelium; Forstheim (67141), ‘der Wald; 0405631/5415509, 211 m, Pliocene sands and clays, wet environment, under Quercus, Carpinus, Populus tremula with Russula lutensis Romagn. and R. rutila Romagn., JMT-08081512 (GENT, UDB031188); Drusenheim (67106), ‘Barrwald, approximately 0420900/5401000, 124 m, Quaternary alluvial deposits, wet environment, on bare blackish ground, with Carpinus, Quercus, Alnus glutinosa, Fraxinus excelsior, 25/07/1981, JMT-81072501 (GENT, spore print only available). Discussion Molecular analysis The six ITS sequences of the newly described R. vinosoflavescens form an independent clade, which receives high bootstrap support (Fic. 3). The clade corresponding to R. vinosoflavescens is nested within a large, supported (bootstrap value 75) clade that includes the typical European representatives of R. subsect. Sardoninae (R. sardonia Fr., R. queletii Fr., R. torulosa Bres.). Beside these, it contains a number of species (e.g., R. cavipes Britzelm., R. exalbicans (Pers.) Melzer & Zvara, R. gracillima Jul. Schaff., R. luteotacta Rea, R. persicina Krombh., R. renidens Ruots. et al., R. sanguinea Fr.) included by Sarnari (1998) in his emended concept of R. subsect. Sardoninae but attributed to different (although closely related) infrageneric taxa by previous authors (Romagnesi 1967, Singer 1986, Bon 1988). In addition to the abovementioned species, which fairly well represent R. subsect. Sardoninae sensu Sarnari, the clade includes extra-European Sardoninae species such as R. thindii K. Das & S.L. Miller and some poorly known species with an uncertain systematic position (e.g., R. americana Singer, R. citrinochlora Singer). The deeper phylogenetic relationships within the Sardoninae clade as well as its external relationships with R. fellea (Fr.) Fr., R. consobrina (Fr.) Fr., R. ochroleuca Fr., and the large clade representing R. subsect. Russula s.l. (including a sequence of the generic type R. emetica (Schaeff.) Pers.) remain poorly resolved in the ITS analysis. Within the Sardoninae clade, R. vinosoflavescens occupies a rather isolated position in a weakly supported subclade containing R. renidens and samples identified as R. citrinochlora. Morphological analysis Despite its mild taste (in most cases only weakly acrid in gills), R. vinosoflavescens shows a combination of characters—a more or less fleshy firm pileus, cuticle often rugulose with polychromic colours, cream spore Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 717 99 , KT934007 R. queletii 98 JF908668 R. queletii UDB011177R. torulosa 100 ' UDB016261 R. torulosa KM386693 R. thindii HOLOTYPE HQ604839 R. americana 100 ' HQ604840 R. cf. ammodica 17 UDB019728 R. sanguinea 100 'KT934008 R. sanguinea UDB011197 R.sardonia 100 & KT933999 R. sardonia JQ890299 root sample JF908681 R. cavipes 75 'AF418623R. cavipes 100 ; UDB011166R. luteotacta KT933991 R. luteotacta 100 , UDB015984 R. persicina UDB011196 R. persicina 100 ; UDB011361 R. gracillima 98 UDB011176R. gracillima UDB015986 R. depallens a8 AY061674R. exalbicans 9° 1 UDB015994 R. depallens 100 ; EU669222 G. monosporus AY239346G. gilkeyae 98 , UDB016045 R. citrinochlora UDB002550R. citrinochlora UDB015975R. renidens JN197654 root sample UDB011117R.renidens ISOTYPE EF434062 uncultured fungus ALASKA 100 GU997950 rootsample GU997948 rootsample 80 UDB031188 - JMT-08081512 UDB031189 -JMT-05081006 UDB031187-JMT-14090502HOLOTYPE \ Russula 99 | UDB031190 - JMT-05081007 vinosoflavescens UDB024104 - JMT-10080701 UDB024105 - JMT-13090715 UDB000345R. fellea 100 'UDB000314 R. fellea 100 , UDB011223 R. consobrina UDB011207 R. consobrina 100 - UDB015988 R. aquosa 90 UDB011290 R. aquosa 100 ; KT934013 R. fageticola 93 UDB000346 R. fageticola 90 ; UDB011358 R. atrorubens 17 98 UDBO016006R. atrorubens AY 228360 R. emetica 97 | UDB001628 R.emetica JQ888196 R.emetica 100 } UDB018431 R. silvestris UDB018430 R. silvestris 98 - UDB018436R. fragilis UDB018434 R. fragilis 62 UDB018429 R. rhodomelanea 100 !' UDB018435 R. rhodomelanea HOLOTYPE 100 } UDB011228 R. ochroleuca UDB000295 R. ochroleuca 99 ; UDB009582 R. pumila FM993279 R. pumila 65 94 UDB000313R. bresadolae 100 'HG423574 R. bresadolae UDB000010R. puellula 100 KT934010R. cuprea Outgroup 0.05 98 UDB016034 R. olivobrunnea Fic. 3. Molecular phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method-based tree with the highest log likelihood (—4523.1303), based on ITS sequences. 718 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken print, well-characterised and non-encrusted pileocystidia—that is consistent with its position in R. subsect. Sardoninae sensu Sarnari. Moreover, by its habitus, somewhat decurrent narrow gills, and clear yellowing of its stipe when bruised, this species is very reminiscent of certain forms of R. persicina. Russula vinosoflavescens differs, however, unambiguously from the latter by its colours, which are never ‘pure’ red. Indeed, even in its reddest forms, the cap always displays some purple-vinaceous tinges, presumably reflecting the existence of one or several blue pigments, occurring in sufficient amount to significantly shade the red ones. The presence of these blue pigments becomes even more apparent when grey-mauve (lilac) tints replace—sometimes completely—the reddish colouring. In addition, this russula appears to fade readily to yellowish ochre, or even brown-beige, and therefore colour forms devoid of any reddish or bluish shades might be expected. Other striking features are the often rugulose surface of the cuticle and the strong tendency of the lamellae to become anastomosed-forked, though it should be kept in mind that these characters are variable. The same is true for the variability of the speed and intensity of the Guaiac reaction, which is mostly in an average position on the reactivity scale. One of the most striking microscopical features is the aggregation of pigments into granules (sometimes distinctly combining red and blue pigments) that are generally easily observed in the cap cuticular hyphae. The cuticular structure of specimens for which we were unable to examine in fresh condition was re-examined in dried material. Concerning the least pigmented collection JMT-08081512 (Fic. 1-E), cuticular sections from the central part of the cap—apparently the richest in residual red and blue pigments—revealed the presence of pigmented grains. Our search was much less conclusive for the vividly coloured specimens JMT-05081006 (Fic. 1-D), and even if we were able to show the presence of sparse coloured granules, it appears that a significant amount of pigment is either vacuolar (soluble) or at least not distinctly granular. In addition, examination of the cuticle of collection JMT-05082042 (Fic. 1-C), not studied in a fresh state, clearly revealed the presence of pigmented granules. As reported by Romagnesi (1967) and Sarnari (1998), granular pigments are highly characteristic of R. subg. Heterophyllidia but are also found occasionally in some species belonging to other groups. In this respect, one should especially mention R. renidens, a Nordic russula growing under birches, which shows abundant granular red-purplish pigments, the latter probably co-occurring in a soluble form accounting for the intensity of its colours (Sarnari 1998). A similar situation may also exist for some of our vividly coloured collections Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (France) ... 719 (notably JMT-05081006 and JMT-05081007). Indeed, it seems likely that pigment aggregates contribute less efficiently to global colouring compared to those in solution, and that a strong predominance of granular pigments over their soluble counterparts may explain the relative paleness of some of our collections. The morphology of the terminal hyphal cells of the epicuticular elements appears too variable to be usable for species recognition. On the other hand, pileocystidial shape seems informative at species level. It is also significant that this characteristic can be found in almost all members of R. subsect. Sardoninae as defined by Sarnari, where the new species belongs. Another important diagnostic feature is the strongly reticulate spore ornamentation that distinguishes R. vinosoflavescens from similar species sharing the same cream spore print and also growing under deciduous trees, such as R. persicina or the birch associates, R. exalbicans and R. renidens. Ecology Within Russula subsect. Sardoninae, partitioned by Sarnari (1998) into ecological series based on Russula/tree partnerships, R. vinosoflavescens fits in R. ser. Persicina, devoted to species associated with broadleaf trees (but not strictly with birches); the other series cover species linked strictly to either conifers (R. ser. Sardonia and R. ser. Sanguinea) or birches (R. ser. Exalbicans). Indeed, R. vinosoflavescens appears associated with oak (Quercus robur or Q. petraea) or hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) or both, the only trees present on all collecting sites. A wider host association might include beech (Fagus sylvatica, generally well represented in the forests of interest but sometimes rather far away from the fruiting bodies) or, less likely, aspen (Populus tremula, which can occur in more complex environments). Birch (Betula spp.), absent from all the prospected sites, should not be considered a potential associate. However, regarding Romagnesi’s (1967) initial concept of Persicinae, which refers to “intermediate forms between Emeticinae and Sardoninae [both sensu Romagnesi!], with less reticulate spores and gills more decurrent or weeping than the former, and more purely red in colour than the latter” [a concept at least partly shared by Sarnari (1998)—“pileus pure red”], it becomes necessary to restrict Sarnari’s R. ser. Persicina definition exclusively to ecology, as in R. vinosoflavescens colouration is not restricted to pure red and its spores are rather strongly reticulate. In his classification, Bon (1988) does not retain Romagnesi’s Persicinae group but treats the different taxa of R. persicina in his emended R. subsect. Exalbicantinae. In this context, R. vinosoflavescens would take its place beside R. exalbicans, which also often displays washed-out greyish 720 ... Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken colours, and R. renidens, genetically a very closely related species sharing some outstanding morphological features such as pigments that are at least partly granular or lamellae that are more or less forked. Acknowledgments We are extremely thankful to Josie Lambourdiere and Prof. Marc-André Selosse (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) for some additional molecular analyses, and to Dr. Philippe Schaeffer for helpful discussions. Dr. Ursula Eberhardt and Geoffrey Kibby are acknowledged for useful comments and reviewing the paper. Literature cited Bon M. 1988. Clé monographique des russules d’Europe. Doc. Mycol. 18(70-71): 1-120. Clémencon H. 1999. Vom Umgang mit Kongorot. Schweiz. Z. Pilzk. 77(5): 247-250. Eberhardt U. 2012. Methods for DNA barcoding of fungi. 183-205, in: WJ Kress, DL Erickson (eds). DNA Barcodes: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 858. 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San Diego, Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 723-744 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.723 Triadelphia acericola and T. centroseptata spp. nov., and a synopsis of the genus DeE-WEI LI »** & JIAN-REN YE ”? "The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, 153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA ?Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China & ° College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: dewei.li@ct.gov ABSTRACT—A new hyphomycete species found during a collection of microfungi from plant debris and decaying wood in Connecticut, USA, is described and illustrated here as Triadelphia acericola. The new species produces four conidial forms: form (a), the predominant form, is cylindrical and 2-septate, with the apical septum covered by a wide dark band; form (b) is oblong or ellipsoidal and 1-septate; form (d) is clavate and pluriseptate, with the middle transverse septum covered by a dark band; and form (f) is globose. Literature on all published Triadelphia names is reviewed, and a comparative synopsis of the genus and a key to Triadelphia species are provided. “Triadelphia centroseptata” nom. inval. is validated by designation of a holotype, and T: archontophoenicicola nom. nov. is proposed to replace the illegitimate homonym, T: australiensis Joanne E. Taylor et al. Key worps—Acer, anamorph, nomenclature, pleomorphic, saprobe Introduction Triadelphia was erected by Shearer & Crane (1971) as a monotypic genus typified by T. heterospora. The generic concept of Triadelphia was originally described as: “Conidiogenous cells subspherical, subhyaline to dark colored, producing conidia from a very limited area at the apex. Conidia readily deciduous, leaving a pore when detached, cylindrical, rounded at the apex, rounded to slightly truncate at base, dark colored, and septate.” (Shearer & Crane 1971). Triadelphia heterospora develops two different forms of conidia: 1) cylindrical and 2-septate and 2) broadly obclavate to ellipsoid and 4—7-septate; 724 ... Li & Ye both conidial forms have at least one septum covered by a dark band (Shearer & Crane 1971). Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) transferred Dicoccum inquinans to Triadelphia. Maggi et al. (1978) described two new species: T: loudetiae and T. pulvinata. Constantinescu & Samson (1982), who studied herbarium specimens of T. inquinans, type specimens of T: heterospora, and ex-type cultures of T: loudetiae and T. pulvinata, found those species to be pleomorphic, developing 2-5 forms of conidia, and emended the generic description of Triadelphia to: “Conidiogenous cells arising from undifferentiated hyphae, hyaline or pale brown, flask-shaped, fusiform, cylindrical or clavate, solitary or agglomerated in sporodochium-like structures, mostly with determinate growth and producing one apical conidium. Conidia blastic, of at least 2 (sometimes 5) forms in every species: (a) cylindrical, brownish, 1-2 septate; (b) clavate, dark brown, unispetate [sic]; (c & d) obclavate to acicular with a narrow long tip, hyaline or yellowish brown, multiseptate; (e) allantoid, hyaline or pale yellowish, 0-3-septate, sometimes also (f) obovate to broadly ellipsoidal, pale brown, unicellular.” Constantinescu & Samson (1982) simultaneously described a new species, T. romanica, and transferred Stemphyliomma alabamensis to Triadelphia. Kirk (1983) transferred Sporidesmium uniseptatum to Triadelphia based on conidiogenous cell morphology and conidial ontogeny and morphology, which were all similar to the previously published six Triadelphia species. Mercado Sierra & Castafieda-Ruiz (1983) published T! stilboidea, a synnematous species from Cuba, and Révay (1987) published T: hungarica from Hungary. Tzean & Chen (1989) described as new T. diversa; they also reviewed and compared eight Triadelphia species but did not include T. stilboidea or T: hungarica in their review and key. Sutton (1989) described Triadelphia australiensis, a species with only one conidial form, although he acknowledged that all other Triadelphia species develop at least two forms of conidia. Matsushima (1989, 1995) described two new species, T: queenslandica and T. synnematofera (the second synnematous species in Triadelphia). Révay (1993) published her second new species, T. morgoensis, with a key to 12 species; she also noted that as T. stilboidea probably did not belong in Triadelphia due to its synnematous nature, she omitted Triadelphia stilboidea from her key. Venkateshwarlu et al. (1997) added T: centroseptata to the genus. Manoharachary et al. (2001) described T. corticola as having two conidial “forms, which appear to represent the same form varying only in conidial width and shape: conidia in T’ corticola share the same length, septation Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 725 characters, and conidiogenesis and belong to form (a) of Constantinescu & Samson (1982). The most recent species added to Triadelphia is T: australiensis Joanne E. Taylor et al. (Taylor & Hyde 2003). Of the eighteen species described in Triadelphia, “T. centroseptata” was invalidly published and is validated here. Since the morphological characters and conidium ontogeny of our specimen collected in Windsor, Connecticut, cannot be ascribed to any previously described Triadelphia species, we propose it here as a new species, T. acericola. Materials & methods An undescribed hyphomycete was collected from a piece of inner bark of Acer palmatum during a collection of fungi from plant debris and decaying wood in a mixed forest, wood log piles, and a landscape garden at the Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT, in June 2013. The specimen was placed in a paper bag and brought back to the laboratory. Isolation on to MEA and CMA was attempted in the same day. However, isolation was not successful. Therefore a small scalpel was used to remove fungal structures directly from the samples for morphological observation under an Olympus BX40 compound microscope. Conidiophores, conidia, and other fungal structures were mounted in 85% lactic acid or lacto-fuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic acid; Carmichael 1955). The fungal structures were microscopically observed and measured under Nomarski differential interference contrast optics. Photomicrographs were captured using an Olympus Microfire digital camera (Goleta, CA). Data of the fungal structure measurements were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 with 95% confidence interval of means. The results were presented as ranges and mean + standard deviation as well as Q (ratio of conidial length/width). Taxonomy Triadelphia acericola D.W. Li, sp. nov. FIGS 1, 2A MycoBank MB813008 Differs from Triadelphia heterospora, T. inquinans, and T. diversa by not having conidial forms (c) and (e). Type: USA, Connecticut, Windsor, 41°51’02”N 72°39’43”W, elevation 38 m, from wood of Japanese maple (Acer palmatum ‘Thunb., Sapindaceae), 11 June 2013, De-Wei Li (Holotype, BPI 893194). EryMOLoey: epithet is named after the genus Acer on which the fungus was collected. COLONIES on natural substrate thinly diffuse, dark brown. Mycelium partly immersed and partly superficial, sparse, composed of colorless to pale brown, irregularly branched, smooth, septate hyphae. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, small, 1-celled, smooth, ellipsoid, pale brown, 3 x 2.5 um. CONIDIA apical, solitary, dry, pleomorphic, of four different forms (as categorized by Constantinescu & Samson, 1982): form (a) cylindrical, oblong, or clavate, 726 ... Li & Ye straight or slightly curved, smooth, thick-walled, light brown, (1-)2-septate, the apical septum covered with a dark band 2.1-4.3 um thick, (11.5-)13.5-16 (-16.6) x (3.5-)4-5.5(-6) um (mean = 14.5 + 1.2 x 5 + 0.6 um, n = 33), Q = 2.2-4.1 (mean = 3.1), with rounded ends; form (b) oblong or ellipsoidal, smooth, pale brown, thick-walled, 6.5-11 x 3.5-4.5 um, 1-septate at the middle or off center; form (d) clavate (incomplete), 17.5-19 x 6-7.5 um, pluriseptate (often 4-septate), central cells pale brown to brown, with the middle transverse septum covered by a dark 2-2.5 um wide band; smooth; end cells subhyaline to light brown, with truncate base; form (f) globose, subglobose, or ellipsoidal, pale brown to brown, unicellular, smooth, thick-walled, (4—-)4.5-6(-6.5) x 4-4.5(-5) um (mean = 5.1 + 0.7 x 4.2 + 0.3 um, n= 12). Note: There is a pore visible in the center of each septum and at the basal end of a conidium. The conidial forms used in this paper follow the six conidial forms categorized by Constantinescu & Samson (1982). In Triadelphia acericola, conidia of form (a) predominate, comprising over 90% of all conidia, with the three other forms (b, d, f) constituting <10%. Very few intact conidiogenous cells were observed. It appeared that these conidiogenous cells collapsed once conidia became mature. Two apical cells of some mature conidia collapsed and even disintegrated, leaving only the basal cell. No intact form (d) conidia were present. Thus, the number of septa and size cited for form (d) conidia are approximations. Conidiogenous cells were also not found in T. inquinans, presumably due to collapse. Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) and Ellis (1976) did not observe attached conidia or conidiogenous cells in the specimen of T. inquinans they studied. Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) assumed that the conidia of T. inquinans develop singly from swollen hyphal tips (subglobose conidiogenous cells?) that either collapse after or rupture during conidial secession. Triadelphia acericola morphologically resembles T! heterospora, T: inquinans, and T: diversa in having 2-septate, cylindrical, form (a) conidia. Triadelphia heterospora differs by its much larger form (a) conidia (16.2-19.0 x 3.5-6.0 um; Shearer & Crane 1971) and the absence of form (b); T: diversa form (a) conidia differ in their colorless basal cells (Tzean & Chen 1989); and T. inquinans form (a) conidia differ by the absence of any dark band covering the apical conidial septum (Hughes & Pirozynski 1973). Fic. 1—Triadelphia acericola (holotype, BPI 893194). A. form (a) cylindrical conidia; B, C. form (b) oblong and ellipsoidal conidia; D. form (d) clavate conidia [arrow indicates collapsed terminal cell]; E. form (a) conidia with form (b) conidia [arrowed]; FE. form (f) globose conidium; G. form (a) conidia with form (f) conidium [arrowed]; H. conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 5 um. Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 727 728 ... Li & Ye Despite several attempts to isolate this fungus onto cultural media, the fungus failed to grow on either MEA or CMA, suggesting that the fungus on the specimen may have lost its viability. Failure to isolate this fungus prevented us from obtaining DNA sequences and carrying out phylogenetic studies. Triadelphia alabamensis (Matsush.) Constant. & Samson, Mycotaxon 15: 482. 1982 FIG. 2B = Stemphyliomma alabamensis Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 2: 16. 1981. = Pithomyces alabamensis (Matsush.) P.M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80(3): 462. 1983. This species develops two different conidial forms: form (d) fusiform or ellipsoidal, 6-8-septate, 28-44 x 10.5-16 um; end cells colorless or pale brown, central cells pale brown to brown, dark band covering over the central septum; form (e) cylindrical, pale olivaceous, 1-3-septate (mostly 1-septate), smooth, curved, guttulate, with rounded ends, 14-28 x 4.5-5.5 um. HABITAT/HOsT: On slime flux from wood of Quercus. DISTRIBUTION: USA (Alabama). Pithomyces alabamensis is now accepted as the current name of this species (MycoBank 2017, Species Fungorum 2017). Although its form (e) conidia do exhibit the rhexolytic secession of Pithomyces, its pleomorphic nature makes Triadelphia a better fit. Triadelphia archontophoenicicola D.W. Li, nom. nov. FIG. 2C MycoBank MB 813055 = Triadelphia australiensis Joanne E. Taylor, K.D. Hyde & E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Diversity Res. Ser. 12: 366. 2003, nom. illeg. (non B. Sutton 1989). EryMo_oey: after the genus of Archontophoenix alexandrae (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude (Arecaceae) on which the type was collected. A replacement name (nom. nov.) is required because T: australiensis Joanne E. Taylor et al. is an illegitimate later homonym of T. australiensis B. Sutton (McNeill et al. 2012: Art. 53.1). This fungus develops five conidial forms and two types of conidiophores. Type 1 conidiophores are micronematous, cylindrical, flask-shaped, 18-30 x 8-12.4 um, pale to dark brown, 1-3-septate; they bear form (d) conidia, obclavate, 104-132 x 19-24 um, dark brown to black, abruptly becoming colorless at the long narrow apex, 5-9 um wide, smooth, 10-13 septa, septa in dark part covered in dark bands. Type 2 conidiophores are semi-macronematous, cylindrical, 60-190 x 4-6 um, dark red-brown, 4—8-septate; they develop form (a) conidia, cylindrical to fusiform, 24-35 x Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 729 GYOS) eae SE ae GS f Fic. 2—Conidial forms produced by 7 Triadelphia spp.: a. T: acericola; b. T. alabamensis; c. T. archontophoenicicola; d. T: australiensis B. Sutton; e. T. centroseptata; f. T. corticola; g. T. disseminata. Line drawings by Rafael FE. Castafieda-Ruiz. 730 ... Li& Ye 6-9 um, brown, 1—3-septate covered by narrow dark bands, smooth, with a conspicuous dark hilum, with or without a small mucilaginous appendage at the acute apex. In addition, conidial forms (b), (c), and (g) are associated with both conidiophore types: form (b) conidia, clavate, 24-26 x 8-11 um, brown, 1-3-septate covered by dark bands, smooth, guttulate; form (c) conidia, acicular with a long colorless apex, 44 x 6 um, pale yellow- brown, approximately 8-septate, smooth, acute apex, guttulate; and form (g) conidia, ellipsoidal to cylindrical, 18 x 6 um, pale brown, straight or curved, smooth, 4-pseudoseptate, obtuse apex and base, guttulate (Taylor & Hyde 2003). HABITAT/HOsT: on a dead rachis of Archontophoenix alexandrae. DISTRIBUTION: Australia. This is a species with some features that are unique in the genus; it is the only species that develops two kinds of conidiophores, and it produces pseudoseptate form (g) conidia that do not correspond with any of the conidial forms categorized by Constantinescu & Samson (1982). Taylor and Hyde (2003) considered that these pseudoseptate conidia represented a new conidial form for the genus when they assigned their new species to Triadelphia. Further studies on this species are needed to determine its phylogenetic relationship with other members of Triadelphia and allied genera. Triadelphia australiensis B. Sutton, Sydowia 41: 339. 1989 FIG. 2D This species develops only form (b) conidia, 8.5-10 x 4.5-6 um (Sutton 1989), apical, solitary, dry, ellipsoidal, obovoid to broadly obovoid, smooth, thick-walled, 1-septate near the base, thickened, some constricted at the septum. Hasirats/Hosts: bark, submerged wood, water damaged plywood from a rink, and dry wall indoors (Li et al. 2013). DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, USA. Triadelphia australiensis is morphologically very similar to T! uniseptata. The difference is that T. australiensis B. Sutton has smaller conidia than T. uniseptata, which are larger (12.5-16 x 6.5-10.5 um; Kirk 1983). Ranghoo & Hyde (1998) identified Trichocladium uniseptatum [= Triadelphia uniseptata] as the anamorph of their new genus and species, Ascolacicola aquatica Ranghoo & K.D. Hyde, but their conidial measurements (6.5-10 x 3.8-6.3 um) match T. australiensis, rather than T’ uniseptata. Moreover, Réblova (2013) designated this anamorph as merely “Triadelphia-like? Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 731 Triadelphia centroseptata Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy ex D.W. Li, sp. nov. FIG. 2E MycoBank MB 823119 “Triadelphia centroseptata” Venkateshw., S.M. Reddy & S.R. Reddy, Indian Phytopath. 49(4): 340. 1997 [“1996”], nom. inval. (ICN Arts 40.1, 40.6, 40.7). Type: India, Andhra Pradesh, Warangal, Daharmassagar Village, on dead rachis of Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae), 22 Nov 1989 (Holotype, IMI 300593; isotype, KUMH HM50). The species was invalidly published by Venkateshwarlu et al. (1997), because they presented two herbarium accessions (IMI 300593; KUMH HM50) but failed to nominate either of them as a type, failed to include the word “type” or an equivalent, and failed to nominate a single herbarium where the holotype was conserved (McNeill et al. 2012: Art. 40). Here we validate the species by designating IMI 30059 as its holotype. One conidial form (a): cylindrical, 12.5-21 x 4-8.5 um, brown, 1-septate, septum covered in a wide dark band, smooth. Hasitat/Host: On dead rachis of Cocos nucifera L. DISTRIBUTION: India Note—Triadelphia centroseptata is described and illustrated in detail by Venkateshwarlu et al. (1997). The type material of this species should be closely examined in the future to determine whether it truly develops only one form of conidia. Its conidia resemble those of T. inquinans. However, the latter species produces smaller cylindrical conidia (a) as well as four other conidial forms. Triadelphia corticola Manohar., N.K. Rao & D.K. Agarwal, J. Mycopathol. Res. 39: 109. 2001. FIG. 2F Manoharachary et al. (2001) identified two conidial forms: form (a) as narrowly cylindrical rounded at the apex, smooth, 18-21 x 4.5-5.2 um, 2-septate, distal septum covered by a wide dark band, basal one narrow, dark brown; and form (b) as larger, ovoid, smooth, rounded at the apex, 2-septate, distal septum covered by a wide brownish to black band, 18-21 x 7-8.3 um. However, based on the type illustration and conidial secession of the fungus, it appears that these two conidial “forms” represent a single conidial form that vary in conidial width, both of which we refer to in our key as form (a). HaBITAt/HOstT: on bark of an unidentified plant. DISTRIBUTION: India. Triadelphia corticola is morphologically similar to T: hungarica in conidial size and shape. But, T: hungarica develops another conidial form with 6-7 septa (Révay 1987). 732 ... Li& Ye Triadelphia disseminata Madrid & J. Edathodu, Persoonia 34: 235.2015. Fic. 2g This is the second species isolated from human beings (Madrid et al. 2015). It develops three types of conidia in culture: form (a) (sub) cylindrical with obtuse ends, pale to dark brown, smooth, thick-walled, with 1 septum situated above the middle (occasionally 1-celled), often slightly constricted at the septum, 5-11 x 2.5-4 um; form (c) obclavate to acicular, straight to slightly curved, colorless to pale olivaceous brown, smooth, thin-walled, 3-4-septate, 43-227 x 3-4 um, with a truncate base and a cylindrical body gradually tapering into a long beak with an obtuse end; and form (e) reniform to allantoid, colorless to light brown, smooth, thin-walled, 1-celled, with obtuse ends, 5.5-11.5 x 2-3.5 um (Madrid et al. 2015). Hasitat/Host: from a disseminated infection in an immuno- compromised patient. DISTRIBUTION: Saudi Arabia. Triadelphia disseminata is morphologically similar to T: pulvinata The conidial form (c) of T. disseminata are 3-4-septate, while in T. pulvinata 5-7 septate (Maggi et al. 1978). Triadelphia diversa Tzean & J.L. Chen, Mycologia 81: 630. 1989. FIG. 34 This species develops five conidial forms: form (a), cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 13.7-24 x 4-8 um, 1-2-septate; septa covered with wide dark bands; wall smooth; apical and central cells brown, basal cell colorless or pale brown; form (b), broadly clavate, 11.5-15.3 x 6.3-8 um, with one transverse septum near the base, covered with a dark band; smooth; apical cell brown, basal cell colorless or pale brown, with truncate base; form (d), obclavate, 4-6-septate, 15-26 x 6-7 um; end cells colorless to pale brown, acicular, basal cells subhyaline to pale brown, truncate, central cells pale brown to brown, often with dark bands at the septa; form (e), allantoid or reniform, colorless or pale brown, 2 celled, smooth, thin-walled, 8-16 x 3-5 um; and form (f), obovate, pale brown, 1-celled, smooth, 5.9-9.8 x 4.3-5.6 um with a truncate base (Tzean & Chen 1989). HaBITaT/nHOstT: rotten fallen stem of angiosperm. DISTRIBUTION: Taiwan. Triadelphia diversa is morphologically similar to T: acericola, T: heterospora, and T! inquinans. Triadelphia diversa does not develop conidial form (c); T. acericola does not have conidial forms (c) and (e); T: heterospora has no Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 733 Fic. 3— Conidial forms produced by 6 Triadelphia spp.: a. T: diversa; b. T: heterospora; c. I: hungarica; d. T: inquinans; e. T: loudetiae; f. T. morgoensis. Line drawings a-e by Rafael F. Castaneda-Ruiz; line drawing f from Révay (1993), redrawn by the authors. 734 ... Li& Ye conidial forms (b) and (c) (Shearer & Crane 1971) and T. inquinans, no conidial form (e) (Hughes & Pirozynski 1973). Triadelphia heterospora Shearer & J.L. Crane, Mycologia 63: 247. 1971. FIG. 3B This is the type species of the genus Triadelphia. Shearer & Crane (1971) originally described T: heterospora as having two conidial forms: form (a), cylindrical, 2-septate, rounded at the apex, rounded to slightly truncate at base, brown, smooth, thick-walled, (14.7—)16.2-19.0(-21.2) x 3.5-6.0 um, the apical septum covered by a black band and form (d), broad ellipsoid, 4-7-septate, 17.6-23.5 x 8.2-10.6 um, end cells colorless to subhyaline, central cells subhyaline, brown to very dark brown often with black bands at the septa. After examination of the type material, Constantinescu & Samson (1982) described two additional conidial forms for this species: form (e), allantoid or reniform, colorless or pale brown, 0-1 septate, smooth, thin-walled, rounded at both ends, 8.5-15 x 3-5 um and form (f), obovate to ellipsoidal, pale brown, 1-celled, smooth, thin-walled, 6-8 x 4-5 um. However, their illustrations clearly showed that form (f) conidia were thick-walled. Shearer & Crane (1971) included “form (e)” conidia among cylindrical form (a) conidia in their illustration; it appears that they considered “form (e)” conidia to be merely immature cylindrical form (a) conidia. Hasirats/Hosts: balsa wood block submerged in fresh water, pine block submerged in sea water in the air, rain water, litter of Mentha aquatic L. and Mentha xrotundifolia (L.) Huds. from wetland, and debris from a tree-hollow (Czeczuga et al. 2007, Goénczél & Révay 2004, Révay 1987). This is an aquatic fungus, but it has also been found in the air of an orchid greenhouse (Magyar et al. 2011), and its cylindrical conidia were found in the air indoors in the USA (pers. obs.). DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Jamaica, Pakistan, Poland, USA. Triadelphia heterospora is morphologically similar to T! acericola, T. inquinans, and T. diversa. Triadelphia heterospora does not develop conidial forms (b) and (c) (Shearer & Crane 1971); T: acericola does not have conidial forms (c) and (e); and T: inquinans, no conidial form (e) (Hughes & Pirozynski 1973); T. diversa does not develop conidial form (c) (Tzean & Chen 1989). Triadelphia hungarica Révay, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 68. 1987. FIG. 3C This species develops two conidial forms: form (a), clavate or slightly cylindrical, dark brown, 2-septate with apical septum covered by a dark band, Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 735 17.6-20.8 x 6.4-7 um and form (b), fusiform-ellipsoidal, straight or slightly curved, 6-7-septate, with a dark band in the middle, truncate at the base, 32-36 x 8-10 um, central cells pale brown to dark brown (Révay 1987). HABITAT/HOsT: on debris of ?Quercus. DISTRIBUTION: Hungary Triadelphia inquinans (Sacc.) S. Hughes & Piroz., Can.JJ. Bot, 5022524.:.1973)[" 1972"). FIG. 3D = Dicoccum inquinans Sacc., Michelia 1(2): 264. 1878. This species develops five conidial forms. Saccardo (1878) originally described only one type of conidia: form (b), cylindrical-clavate, 16-20 x 4-5 um, l-septate at middle, with rounded apex and truncate base. Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) and Ellis (1976) described form (b) and form (d) conidia. Hughes & Pirozynski (1973) re-described this species based on their study of three specimens including the type. They described two conidial forms: form (b) conidia, shorter than those of the type, clavate, with thin-walled frill (part of conidiogenous cell?), 12-18 x 4-6 um and form (d) conidia, broadly ellipsoidal, usually curved, 15-18 x 8-9 um, possibly 5-septate (incomplete), the two middle cells thick-walled, dark brown with the median septum covered by a dark chestnut-brown band, the penultimate cells paler, and the end cells colorless to subhyaline. Constantinescu & Samson (1982) studied the type material and described three additional conidial forms: form (a), cylindrical, (1-)2-septate, pale brown, smooth, 12-16 x 3-4 um; form (c), obclavate, 3-5-septate, yellowing brown, smooth, thin-walled, tip not observed, the base truncate, 13-23 (incomplete) x 4-5 um; and form (f), obovate to large ellipsoidal, pale brown, 1-celled, pale brown, smooth, thin-walled, 4-5 x 2.5-3 um. However, the illustration of Constantinescu & Samson (1982) depict form (f) conidia as thick-, not thin-, walled; and form (d) conidia as larger (17-24 x 7-9 um, [incomplete]) than those of Hughes & Pirozynski (1973). Hasirat/Host: decayed inner bark of Populus nigra var. italica Minchh., Populus sp. DISTRIBUTION: Italy. Triadelphia loudetiae Maggi, Bartoli & Rambelli, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 71: 150. 1978. FIG. 3E Maggi et al. (1978) described only the predominant form (a) conidia: cylindrical, dark brown, 2-septate, rounded at both ends, smooth, a basal pore visible, 12-18 x 4.5-5 pm. Constantinescu & Samson (1982) included two 736 ... Li& Ye additional forms: form (c), obclavate, yellowish brown, sometimes slightly constricted at septa, smooth, thin-walled, 5-6-septate, 30-105 x 4-5 um, gradually tapering into a long colorless beak and form (e), allantoid, reniform or nearly cylindrical, colorless or subhyaline, 0-1-septate, smooth, thin-walled, PAZ SX 2535 mM: Hasitat/nHost: from rhizosphere of Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E. Hubb. DISTRIBUTION: Ivory Coast. Triadelphia morgoensis Révay, Stud. Bot. Hung. 23: 63. 1993 [“1992”]. FIG. 3F This species develops three conidial forms: form (a), cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, 2-septate, thick-walled, with a rounded apex and a truncate base, 16-25.6 x 3.2-4.8 um; form (c), obclavate, subhyaline, 5-7-septate, base truncate, gradually tapering into a long beak, 40-57.6 x 3.2-4 um; and form (e), allantoid or reniform, colorless, one-celled, smooth, thin-walled, 4.8-6 x 2-3 um (Révay 1993). Hasitat/Host: on rotten wood. DISTRIBUTION: Hungary. Triadelphia morgoensis differs from T. diversa by the absence of conidial forms (b), (d), and (f), by its narrower form (a) conidia having wide dark bands covering their septa (cf. T: diversa form (a) conidia, 13.7-24 x 4-8 um, without dark bands), and by its 0-septate form (e) conidia (cf. 1-septate in T’ diversa). Triadelphia pulvinata Maggi, Bartoli & Rambelli, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 71: 150. 1978. FIG. 4A Maggi et al. (1978) described the predominant form (a) conidia as solitary, cylindrical, deep brown, 1-septate, rounded at both ends, with distinct and smooth wall, basal pore not easily seen, 11.5 x 4 pm. Constantinescu & Samson (1982) described all three conidial forms for this species: form (a), cylindrical, pale brown, 1-septate, rounded at both ends, smooth, wall 0.3 um thick, 9-12 x 3-3.4 um; form (c), acicular to obclavate, colorless, slightly curved, smooth, thin-walled, 5-7 septate, 40-160 x 3-4 um, gradually tapering into a long tail with rounded apex and truncate base; and form (e), allantoid or reniform, colorless or pale brown, 1-celled, smooth, thin-walled, rounded at both ends, 6-9.5 x 2-3 um. Some conidia are mostly clavate, asymmetrical, dark brown, larger, 9-13 x 4.5-6 um; Constantinescu & Samson (1982) considered these to represent over-mature form (e) conidia. Hasirats/Hosts: from rhizosphere of Loudetia simplex, dead rachides of Phoenix canariensis Chabaud (von Arx 1985), and a human eyelid infection. Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 737 c e f Fic. 4— Conidial forms produced by 6 Triadelphia spp.: a. T. pulvinata; b. T: queenslandica; c. TI. romanica; d. T: stilboidea; e. T: synnematofera; f. T: uniseptata. Line drawings by Rafael F. Castaneda-Ruiz. 738 ... Li& Ye Triadelphia pulvinata is a soil hyphomycete that was reported to cause eczematoid, scaly, grey lesions on the skin of both eyelids of a male patient in Saudi Arabia (Al-Hedaithy 2001). DISTRIBUTION: Canary Islands, Ivory Coast, Saudi Arabia. Triadelphia pulvinata was originally described with the conidia and conidiogenous cells developing on ropes of brown hyphae. This raises questions of whether these hyphal ropes are premature stages of synnemata or whether this species is intermediate between synnematous and semi-macronematous members of the genus. Further studies on this species are necessary. T. pulvinata is morphologically similar to T. romanica, T. stilboidea, and T. synnematofera. Both T: stilboidea, and T. synnematofera develop synnemata (Mercado Sierra & Castaneda 1983, Matsushima 1995), while T. pulvinata and T. romanica do not. Triadelphia pulvinata does not develop conidial forms (b) and (d) (Maggi et al. 1978), while T: romanica has no conidial form (d) (Constantinescu & Samson 1982). Triadelphia queenslandica Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 6: 42.1989. Fic. 4B This species develops three forms of conidia: form (b), clavate, 1-3-septate, 15-30 x 8-13 um, apical cells; brown, paler towards the basal cell; form (d), fusiform, apices frequently filiform, conidia without apical portion 30-42 x 12-18 um, 5-6-septate, central cells brown black, paler towards both ends, apical cell about 400 um long, filiform, 0-septate, colorless, often collapsed at maturity; and form (e), allantoid to reniform, mostly 1-septate, rarely 2-septate, 16-25 x 5-8 um, pale brown (Matsushima 1989). HaBITAT/HOsT: on rotten leaf of Musa xsapientum L. DISTRIBUTION: Australia (Matsushima 1989, Photita et al. 2002) Triadelphia queenslandica, which is morphologically similar to T. heterospora and T. hungarica, does not develop conidial forms (a) & (c), while T. heterospora lacks conidial forms (b) & (c) and T: hungarica does not develop conidial forms c-f. The conidial form (b) of T: queenslandica does resemble the chlamydospores produced by aerial mycelia of Trichocladium opacum (Corda) S. Hughes (Kendrick and Bhatt 1966, Matsushima 1989). However, conidial forms (d) & (e) of T: queenslandica separate it from Tric. opacum. Triadelphia romanica Constant. & Samson, Mycotaxon 15: 482. 1982. FIG. 4c This species develops four forms of conidia: form (a), cylindrical, 0-1-septate, constricted in the middle, pale brown, smooth, 6.5-14 x 2.5-4 um; form (b), clavate, brown, smooth, thick-walled (0.5-0.8 tm thick), l-septate, 13-22 x Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 739 5.5-5 um; form (c), obclavate to acicular, colorless, smooth, thin-walled, 2-4-septate, 50-80 x 3-4.5 um, base truncate, gradually tapering into a long beak of 1-1.5 um wide; and form (e), allantoid to reniform, colorless, 1-celled, thin-walled, smooth, rounded at both ends, 7-12 x 2-3 um (Constantinescu & Samson 1982). Hasirats/Hosts: Isolated from avian eggshell; decayed frond of Palmae (Matsushima 2001). DISTRIBUTION: Peru, Romania. Triadelphia romanica is morphologically similar to T: pulvinata. Triadelphia romanica does not develop conidial form (d) (Constantinescu & Samson 1982), while. T: pulvinata has no conidial forms (b) and (d) (Maggi et al. 1978). Triadelphia stilboidea Mercado & R.F. Castafieda, Revista Jard. Bot. Nac., Univ. Habana 4(2): 68. 1983. FIG. 4D This species has synnematous conidiophores, tretic conidiogenous cells, and two conidial forms; form (a) predominating: cylindrical, sometimes ellipsoidal or obclavate, olivaceous or brown olivaceous, 1-septate, rarely 0-septate, 7.5-15 x 2.4-4.7 um; and form (?c), seta-like, very long, obclavate, rostrate, 1-celled, dark brown at the base, becoming paler towards apex, subhyaline at apex, 20-85 x 3.5-4.7 um, tapering to 0.7-1 um at apices. The seta-like conidia of this species do not fit any forms categorized by Constantinescu & Samson (1982). Hasirats/Hosts: decayed leaf of unknown palm; dead leaf petiole of Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Cook. DISTRIBUTION: Cuba, Puerto Rico. Révay (1993), who considered T: stilboidea not closely related to T: heterospora and other species of Triadelphia, excluded it from Triadelphia. Matsushima (1995) considered that the synnematous Triadelphia stilboidea has setae similar to those of Trichurus spiralis Hasselbr., not setae-like conidia as described by Mercado Sierra & Castaneda (1983). Triadelphia stilboidea and T. synnematofera both develop synnemata (Mercado Sierra & Castafieda 1983, Matsushima 1995). Triadelphia stilboidea develops conidial forms (a) and (c) (Mercado Sierra & Castafieda 1983), while T. synnematofera has conidial form (a) and (e) (Matsushima 1995). Triadelphia synnematofera Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 8: 38. 1995, as “synnematfera” FIG. 4E Synnemata solitary, gregarious, cylindrical, 210-350 um in height. Conidia of two forms: form (a) cylindric-ellipsoidal, 1-septate, smooth, dark brown, 740 ... Li & Ye 9-17 x 3.5-5 um and form (e) allantoid, reniform or cylindrical, 1-septate, straight or slightly curved, smooth, colorless, 11-16 x 4-5.5 um (Matsushima 1995). Hasitat/Host: on decayed petiole of palm DISTRIBUTION: Peru. Triadelphia synnematofera is another synnematous species with two conidial forms. Its form (a) conidia that are 1-septate and have no dark band over the septum easily distinguish it from T° stilboidea. Triadelphia uniseptata (Berk. & Broome) P.M. Kirk, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80: 464. 1983. FIG. 4F = Sporidesmium uniseptatum Berk. & Broome, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 3: 360. 1859. = Trichocladium uniseptatum (Berk. & Broome) S. Hughes & Piroz., Can. J. Bot. 50(12): 2526. 1973 [“1972”]. = Dicoccum apiosporum Sacc., Nuovo G. Bot. Ital. 22: 71. 1915 (Hughes & Pirozynski 1972). = Polyschema bicellulare Shearer, Mycotaxon 14(1): 91. 1982 (Kirk 1983). This is another species that develops only one conidial form, form (e), obovoid, 1-septate, smooth, brown, apical cell much larger than the basal cell. Triadelphia uniseptata is morphologically similar to T. australiensis B. Sutton, but differs in its larger conidia, 12.5-16 x 6.5-10.5 um (Kirk 1983). HABITATS/HOSTs: on dead wood, submerged wood, stems, or twigs; debris from a tree hollow, on bark of Clematis vitalba L., bark of Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq., dead bark of Quercus rubra L., cones of Pinus halepensis Mill., rotting wood of Hedycarya arborea J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., stem of Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees, on twigs of Platanus occidentalis L., softwood label in greenhouse, dust from indoor environments, rain water (Berkeley & Broome 1859, Hughes & Pirozynski 1973, Kirk 1983, Matsushima 1987, Révay 1987). DISTRIBUTION: Canada, Cuba, France, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Malta, New Zealand, UK, United States. Key to species of Triadelphia 1. Conidia-only onefornrandnot-synnematous. 9.2 fss.t feat feat feat Lent Stes 2 1. Conidia pleomorphic (2-5 forms) or synnematous ............. 0... cece eee eee 5 PRSONICIA NBEO PALEes ats wine acd ne esis ean Baas ean eee oe se bess Paes MBAS 3 2. Conidia 2-septate, cylindrical or clavate, smooth, 18-21 x 4.5-8.3 um ... T. corticola 3. Conidia 1-septate near the base, thickened, sometimes constricted at the septum, ellipsoidal, *to-broadly obovoid; smoothie. cc tga sacs ees nee, ces 4 3. Conidia 1-septate at middle, cylindrical, 12.5-21 x 4-8.5um ...... T. centroseptata Triadelphia acericola & T. centroseptata spp. nov. ... 741 4 Conidia 8 S-lOkK 415-6 pai 645 oe ak es T. australiensis B. Sutton te Conical 2.5316 X65 500r5 Ue st tad ak Mek Ane i Mel ne T. uniseptata SiS VMNCMIG A ROSCRE po nats oars atar hee torte pba ara Sakura Sadenne Sake, webetaie, betel, heB ads 6 Dr SV OGOMNALA ADSI Een fie gc nnet tone ager, melee, gna tempts bon ghee oye CoE onegt a eo ee vA 6. Conidia of 2 forms: one cylindrical and 1-septate; the other seta-like ... T! stilboidea 6. Conidia of 1 form: cylindrical and 1-septate ................... T. synnematofera 7. At least one conidial form is broadly obclavate, fusiform ellipsoidal, with tblacksalicl atthesepiiacre. AR ie BE PrN PR cs Slt as NEY ee PE sate hae abbey 8 Pe SOU ASA DOVES gat A Anal Male Macal ial AN Metal eat a aR tal Ae AN oe A Anak ie 16 8. Conidia fusiform-ellipsoidal, without acerose end cells ............ T: alabamensis 8. Conidia broadly obclavate or fusiform-ellipsoidal with acerose end cells ......... 9 Oey indrical conidiarabsemt at hat Ase nt Mat eal ee BAe 10 9, Cyhindrical conidigipresents. 2x5 2A cry ears eyes eure res Says bg ln eens 12 10. Conidiophores of two types with 5 conidial forms ........ T. archontophoenicicola TORINOEAS BD OVE seh Pre te ak SrA N Hr wet aah EL eek Yeas ge h ak baal het ong at. ees 11 11. Conidia fusiform-ellipsoidal, 32-36 x 8-10 um ...............004. T: hungarica 11. Conidia fusiform, 30-42 x 12-18 um... 1. eee eee T: queenslandica 12 Allantondortertitorm-comidia absent 3.688 280 a yet hk ot ee eee te a 13 M2 vAllantoid orton. comidiaspresenit. <2 .' a5 sets See oes ob eh histo ahas 14 13. Cylindrical form (a) conidia 2-septate, apical septum covered with a dark band, 13.4-15.8 x 4.2-5.4um ........... 0... e eee eee T. acericola 13. Cylindrical form (a) conidia (1-)2-septate without dark band, pale brown, smooth, 12-16 x 3-4um .... ee eee T. inquinans 14; Clavate-conidiaabsemt:..07tseyed ares woes mbt abe’: whee a what'd whose nb-tls ye! 15 14, Clavate conidia present, cylindrical form (a) conidia 13.7-24 x 4-8 um, 1-2-septate; septa covered with dark 2 um bands, with a colorless base cell T: diversa 15. (Sub)cylindrical form (a) conidia 1-septate, 5-11 x 2.5-4um ...... T. disseminata 15. Cylindrical form (a) conidia 16.2-19.0 x 3.5-6.0 um, 2-septate, the apical septum coveredeby a Black bands Wn. nu eh lee hadnt adie hadetna Raden Sade eeeok T: heterospora fo. Cylindrical fori) tonidia- | -septate Acar ies hha gee ee ee ee 8 17 b6zCylindrical form.(ajsconidia-2-septate: i ..8 Aaa Asctak Anat Anes Bt ee ont oie 18 17. Cylindrical conidia 6.5-14 x 2.5-4 tum; clavate conidia present ....... T. romanica 17. Cylindrical conidia 9-12 x 3-3.5 um; clavate conidia absent ......... T. pulvinata 18. Cylindrical conidia brownish, 9-19 x 3-5 um; reniform-conidig: l2septate. .1 5.465 .ed-axyeges geo ee ees eee eyes T. loudetiae 18. Cells of the cylindrical conidia differently pigmented, 16-25.6 x 3.2-4.8 um; reniformi Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China ‘Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China ° Mycologue, 8727 Lochside Drive, Sidney, BC V8L 1M8, Canada ° Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Facultat de Ingenieria, Milagro, Guayas, Ecuador ” Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, CIBE, Km 30.5, Via Perimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador * CORRESPONDENCE TO: rfcastanedaruiz@gmail.com ABSTRACT— Two new genera are proposed: Ellismarsporium for species of Helminthosporium and Corynesporella that have catenate conidia and polytretic conidiogenous cells, and Stanhughesiella for a species of Helminthosporium with dictyoseptate conidia. Descriptions and illustrations are provided. KEY WORDS—asexual ascomycota, hyphomycetes, taxonomy, tropical fungi Introduction Helminthosporium Link, typified by H. velutinum Link, is characterized by macronematous, unbranched, erect conidiophores. The conidiogenous 760 ... Castaftieda-Ruiz & al. cells are polytretic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, determinate, with the conidiogenous loci at the apex and laterally below the septa. The conidia are solitary, obclavate to cylindrical-obclavate, distoseptate, sometimes rostrate, smooth, subhyaline to olivaceous brown, usually with an evident dark brown or brown basal scar. Helminthosporium dictyoseptatum produces dictyoseptate conidia in polytretic conidiogenous cells (Hughes 1980). For this species, clearly separated from the Helminthosporium generic concept, we propose the new genus, Stanhughesiella. Several other species with the same conidial ontogeny but producing blastocatenate conidia have been included in Helminthosporium (Bhat & Sutton 1985, Castaneda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991, Ellis 1961, Matsushima 1975, Sutton 1993), requiring an expanded generic concept. A similar situation is found in Corynesporella Munjal & H.S. Gill [typified by C. urticae Munjal & HLS. Gill (Munjal & Gill, 1961)], which is diagnosed by macronematous conidiophores and monotretic, terminal or discrete conidiogenous cells that produce solitary or short catenate, distoseptate, subhyaline or pale brown conidia. In contrast, Corynesporella pinarensis and C. simpliphora are characterized by unbranched conidiophores and polytretic, integrated, intercalary and terminal conidiogenous cells that produce catenate distoseptate conidia (Castaneda- Ruiz 1985, Matsushima 1993)—characters that deviate from the Corynesporella generic concept. Consequently, we propose the new genus Ellismarsporium to accommodate these atypical Helminthosporium and Corynesporella species. Taxonomy Ellismarsporium R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, gen. nov. MycoBank MB 807603 Differs from Helminthosporium by its acropetal, unbranched or branched chains of conidia and from Corynesporella by unbranched conidiophores and polytretic conidiogenous cells. TYPE sPECIES: Helminthosporium hypselodelphyos M.B. Ellis [= Ellismarsporium hypselodelphyos (M.B. Ellis) R.E. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang] EryMo_oey: Latin, Ellismar-sporium, named in honor to Martin Beazor Ellis, (United Kingdom) for his contribution to the study of hyphomycetes + -sporium, referring to the conidia. CoLonliEs effuse, hairy, dark. Mycelium mostly immersed. CONIDIOPHORES distinct, single, unbranched, straight or flexuous, cylindrical or subulate, mid to very dark brown, smooth or verruculose. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, determinate, cylindrical. CONIDIOGENOUS New genera: Ellismarsporium & Stanhughesiella ... 761 Fic. 1. Ellismarsporium species: conidiogenous cells and conidia. A. E. hypselodelphyos (Ellis 1961); B. E. catenatum (Matsushima 1975); C. E. parvum (Castafeda-Ruiz & Kendrick 1991); D. E. pinarense (Castaneda-Ruiz 1985). Scale bars: A, C, D = 10 um; B = 20 um. Redrawn by R.E Castaneda-Ruiz. 762 ... Castafieda-Ruiz & al. Fic. 2. Ellismarsporium species: conidiogenous cells and conidia. A. E. senseletii (Bhat & Sutton 1985); B. E. simpliphorum (Matsushima 1993); C. E. zombaense (Sutton 1993). Scale bars: A, B = 10 um; C = 20 um. Redrawn by R.F. Castafieda-Ruiz. New genera: Ellismarsporium e& Stanhughesiella ... 763 LOCI pores near septa. Conip1a blastocatenulate, acropleurogenous, obclavate, cylindrical, ellipsoid to oblong, distoseptate, pale brown to brown, smooth or verruculose, sometimes with a dark brown or black scar at the ends. Ellismarsporium hypselodelphyos (M.B. Ellis) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, comb. nov. Fic. 1A MycoBank MB 807604 = Helminthosporium hypselodelphyos M.B. Ellis, Mycol. Pap. 82: 18 (1961). Ellismarsporium catenatum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, comb. nov. Fic. 1B MycoBank MB 807605 = Helminthosporium catenatum Matsush., Icon. Microfung. Matsush. Lect.: 83 (1975). Ellismarsporium parvum R.F. Castafieda & W.B. Kendr., nom. nov. Fig. 1C MycoBank MB 807606 = Helminthosporium parvum R.E. Castafieda & W.B. Kendr., Univ. Waterloo Biol. Ser. 35: 57 (1991), nom. illeg. (non Grove 1886). Ellismarsporium pinarense (R.F. Castafieda) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, comb. nov. Fic. 1D MycoBank MB 807607 = Corynesporella pinarensis R.F. Castafieda, Deuteromyc. Cuba, Hyphomyc. 3: 12 (1985). Ellismarsporium senseletii (Bhat & B. Sutton) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, comb. nov. Fic. 2A MycoBank MB 807608 = Helminthosporium senseletii Bhat & B. Sutton, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 85: 119 (1985). Ellismarsporium simpliphorum (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, comb. nov. Fic. 2B MycoBank MB 807609 = Corynesporella simpliphora Matsush., Matsush. Mycol. Mem. 7: 47 (1993). Ellismarsporium zombaense (B. Sutton) R.F. Castafieda & X.G. Zhang, comb. nov. Fre. 2€ MycoBank MB 807610 = Helminthosporium zombaense B. Sutton, Mycol. Pap. 167: 32 (1993). Key to Ellismarsporium species f OnIdta NOtINOLe than S-GastOSep tate fake A at edctat oat Alaeeat Set ek Bs 2. LAC onidia more that s-distosepiate ee yal Melk hPa iar pele i daeh pri teeh pits 3 2. Conidia 1-2-distoseptate, cylindrical-ellipsoidal to oblong, slightly constricted at the middle, smooth, brown, 12-27 x 7-12 um ...............-.. E. parvum 2. Conidia 1-3-distoseptate, fusiform, clavate or oblong, smooth, pale olivaceous brown, 15-28 x 6.5-8 um .............004. E. hypselodelphyos 764. ... Castafieda-Ruiz & al. 3-Conidia normore than. 6-distoseptate...-.45. 0.55 i621 ws tate eet wns ete ee, a 3.Conidia more that 6=distoseptate’ s+ cess v sews enue een nw OR Oe aS ede bee 6 4, Conidia 1-5-distoseptate, obclavate, smooth, brown to olivaceous brown, ZS TOPE Seah PDS Beacon ard Ware ne, andes tes tetera conn Pa haere ate 0h E. pinarense 4) Conidianotas above <2 05 h0c bl kuch) hee La eee hse) woe) eevee ween donned erly 5 5. Conidia 0-6-distoseptate, cylindrical to fusiform to obclavate, slightly constricted at the septa, smooth, mid brown, curved, OSD SCSI ge. ds aoa c-ngtans api tas-apticne atic extyety a bong erence ® E. senseletii 5. Conidia 2-6-distoseptate, obclavate, curved, smooth, pale olivaceous, | fears (Obes ci biaete MS UF WR is BRA CR ni A dh By Aes RAE Str SAL ROSE PENCE RL AE E. catenatum 6. Conidia 1-7-distoseptate, obclavate to cylindrical, or long oblong, curved, pale olivaceous, with brown scar at the ends, NS OP Armee O QUIT ciate, cues aye cet gettin on gs i0-6--a ga cece ni alias E. simpliphorum 6. Conidia 3—5(-10)-distoseptate, obclavate, smooth, subhyaline, with a dark brown basal scar, 26-50(-74) x 7.5-9.5 um ......... E. zombaense ComMENTs: Helminthosporium velutinum, H. dalbergiae, and H. magnisporum were found phylogenetically associated with the family Massarinaceae by Tanaka et al. (2015), but no molecular data were found on the seven proposed Ellismarsporium species; further molecular study is necessary in order to establish their phylogeny. Stanhughesiella R.F. Castaftieda & D.W. Li, gen. nov. MycoBAank MB 807614 Differs from Helminthosporium by its dictyoseptate conidia. TYPE SPECIES: Helminthosporium dictyoseptatum S. Hughes [= Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata (S. Hughes) R.F. Castaneda & D.W. Li] ErymMo.oey: Latin, Stanhughesiella, described in honor to Stanley J. Hughes (Canada) for his contribution to the studies of the hyphomycetes. CoLonliEs effuse, hairy, dark. Mycelium mostly immersed. CONIDIOPHORES distinct, single, unbranched, straight or flexuous, septate, cylindrical or clavate, mid to very dark brown, smooth or verruculose. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, determinate. Conrp1a solitary, acropleurogenous, simple, obclavate, cylindrical to ellipsoid, dictyoseptate, pale brown to dark brown, smooth, sometimes with a dark brown or black scar at the base. Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata (S. Hughes) R.E. Castafieda & D.W. Li, comb. nov. FIG. 3 MycoBank MB 807615 = Helminthosporium dictyoseptatum S. Hughes, New Zealand J. Bot. 18: 69 (1980). New genera: Ellismarsporium e& Stanhughesiella ... 765 Fic. 3. Stanhughesiella dictyoseptata: conidiogenous cells and conidia (Hughes 1980). Scale bar = 10 um. Redrawn by R.F. Castafeda-Ruiz. ComMENTSs: Briansuttonia R.F. Castafieda et al., Embellisia E.G. Simmons, Gibbago E.G. Simmons, and Ulocladium Preuss (Seifert et al. 2011) are superficially similar to Stanhughesiella, but those four genera have 766 ... Castafieda-Ruiz & al. cicatrized conidiogenous loci and some produce conidia in acropetal chains. Stanhughesiella also resembles Stemphylium Wallr. (Seifert et al. 2011), which is distinguished by monoblastic conidiogenous cells with a distinct cupulate cicatrized scar that develops after several enteroblastic percurrent regenerations. Acknowledgments We are indebted to Dr. Josiane S. Monteiro and Dr. Gabriela Heredia for critical review. RFCR and BRG are grateful to Organizacion Superior de Direccién Empresarial Grupo Agricola (OSDE) from Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal (project P131LH003033). Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated. Literature cited Bhat DJ, Sutton BC. 1985. New or interesting hyphomycetes from Ethiopia. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 85: 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80160-1 Castaneda-Ruiz RE 1985. Deuteromycotina de Cuba, Hyphomycetes. HI. La Habana. 42 p. Castafieda-Ruiz RE, Kendrick B. 1991. Ninety-nine conidial fungi from Cuba and three from Canada: II. University of Waterloo Biology Series 35. 132 p. Ellis MB. 1961. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes III. Mycological papers 82. 55 p. Hughes S.J. 1980. New Zealand Fungi. 27. New species of Guedea, Hadrosporium, and Helminthosporium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 2: 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1980.10427233 Matsushima T. 1975. Icones microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Kobe. 209 p. Matsushima, T. 1993. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 7. 141 p. Munjal RL, Gill HS. 1961. Corynesporella, a new genus of hyphomycetes. Indian Phytopathology 14: 6-9. Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p. Sutton BC. 1993. Mitosporic fungi from Malawi. Mycological Papers 167. 93 p. Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Yonezawa H, Sato G, Toriyabe A, Kudo H, Hashimoto A, Matsumura M, Harada Y, Kurihara Y, Shirouzu T. Hosoya T. 2015. Revision of the Massarineae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Studies in Mycology 82: 75-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2015.10.002 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 767-773 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.767 Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. and two new records from China Hao-Hua Lr, Kat ZHANG’, CHUN-LING YANG’, JI-WEN XIA* & XIU-GUO ZHANG'* ' Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases & Insect Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China ? Department of Landscaping, Shandong Yingcai University, Jinan, 250104, China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: sdau613@163.com, zhxg@sdau.edu.cn ABSTRACT—A new species, collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree from southern China, is described and illustrated. Endophragmiella jiulingensis is distinguished by branched conidiophores producing cylindrical, smooth, 0-septate, 6-8 x 4.5-5.3 um conidia. Botryomonilia scheeleae and Camposporium ramosum are newly recorded from China. KEY worDs—anamorphic fungi, taxonomy Introduction The genus Endophragmiella was erected by Sutton (1973) for two species, E. pallescens B. Sutton, the type species, and E. canadensis (Ellis & Everh.) B. Sutton. Subsequently, the genus was emended by Hughes (1979), who gave a very detailed account of conidiogenesis and generic concepts. Endophragmiella is mainly characterized by solitary acrogenous conidia seceding rhexolytically from monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate or percurrently extending conidiogenous cells (Sutton 1973, Ellis 1976, Hughes 1979, Wu & Zhuang 2005). At present, over 90 species are accepted in the genus (Ma et al. 2011, Ren et al. 2011, MycoBank 2017). All species within Endophragmiella are distinguished primarily by morphological differences in conidial characteristics, such as shape, size, pigmentation, septation, and presence or absence of a rostrum at the apex (Sutton 1973, Ellis 1976, Hughes 1979, Wu & Zhuang 2005). 768 ... Li & al. A O -8B@O @ = <= -@@O @ Fic. 1. Endophragmiella jiulingensis (holotype, HSAUP H7927). A, B. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; C. Conidia. Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. (China) ... 769 During ongoing surveys of saprobic microfungi from forests of southern China, three interesting anamorphic species were collected from dead branches. One fungus represents an undescribed species of Endophragmiella B. Sutton, while the other two species are Botryomonilia scheeleae and Camposporium ramosum, both new records for China. The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China (HSAUP) and the Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS). Endophragmiella jiulingensis H.H. Li & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1 MycoBAank MB 823127 Differs from Endophragmiella corticola by its smaller, 0-septate conidia. Type: China, Jiangxi Province: Jiuling Mountain, on dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 8 Nov. 2016, C.L. Yang (Holotype, HSAUP H7927; isotype, HMAS 245643). EryMoLoey: in reference to the type locality. CoLonliEs on the natural substrate effuse, brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled hyphae. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, arising terminally and laterally from mycelium, erect, straight or flexuous, irregular branched, multiseptate, smooth, pale brown to brown, 88-187 x 2.9-7 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS integrated, terminal, percurrent, cylindrical, tapering to a truncate apex, pale brown, 16-29.5 x 2-3 um. Conidial secession rhexolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acrogenous, cylindrical, 0-septate, smooth, pale brown to brown, 6-8 x 4.5-5.5 um. ComMENTS—Endophragmiella jiulingensis is similar to E. corticola P.M. Kirk in having branched conidiophores, but E corticola differs by its larger, multiseptate conidia (16-25 x 5.5-7.5 um, 2-3-septate; Kirk 1982). Botryomonilia scheeleae Goos & Piroz., Canad. J. Bot. 53: 2928, 1975. FIG. 2 Cotonigzs on the natural substratum effuse, brown, hairy. Mycelium superficial and immersed, simple or branched, dark yellow-brown hyphae. CONIDIOPHORE stalk <72 um high and with <30 perforated septa, mostly 7.5-12.5 um diam. but sometimes narrowed near the base or wider towards the tip; wall thin, roughened by fine to coarse vesicular inclusions, which are distributed evenly along the entire conidiophore length or limited to (or coarser along) only a part of it. At the apex the conidiophore dichotomously 770... Li & al. 1 aipheh ck ae tA. >) 7 * he, ee al a Las . a? * —, be P| y 3 et) & = * ekas f=! eee OE eee es ts . er Site tet ved PO CATE hina I ers S30 yee spo ve, ‘eihe im + a Fic. 2. Botryomonilia scheeleae (HSAUP H7857). A. Conidiophores, conidiogenous branches, and conidia; B. Conidiophore and conidiogenous branches; C. Conidiogenous cells and conidia; D. Conidia. Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. (China) ... 771 branched, producing a dendroid, penicillate head of irregular, finger-like projections. Conrp1a unicellular, hyaline (pale straw-colored when old), held together in branched chains only by a thin strand of protoplasm connecting the septal pores; the terminal conidia small (2.5-3 um diam) and more or less hemispherical, but the lower conidia progressively enlarging (mostly to 6.5 x 6 um, but up to 8 x 4 um) towards the stalk and doliiform. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, GUANGXI PROVINCE, Longhu Mountain, on decaying twigs of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 7 Dec. 2015, C.L. Yang (HSAUP H7857). ComMMENTS—Botryomonilia scheeleae is reported for the first time from China. Botryomonilia is characterized by single differentiated colonies effused on black stromatic or sclerotial tissue composed of plectenchyma of dark brown hyphae. Conidiophores erect, simple or branched, resembling conidiophores of Botrytis, bearing a head of powdery conidia. Heads at first composed of branched, penicillate conidiogenous cells; later, these branches producing solitary or catenate conidia by thallic-arthric disarticulation, resembling Monilia. Conidia unicellular, doliiform, connected by protoplasmic filaments. The Chinese specimen closely matches the original description of B. scheeleae, except that the type material had wider conidiophores (15-20 um; Goos & Piroz. 1975). Camposporium ramosum Whitton, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 11: 183, 2002. FIG. 3 COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, consisting of individual conidiophores scattered over the substrate surface, brown. Mycelium immersed and superficial. CONIDIOPHORES 39-87 um long, 3.5-6 um diam. towards the base, macronematous, mononematous, solitary, unbranched, erect, irregularly cylindrical, flexuous, dark brown towards the base, fading to pale brown towards the apex, smooth, 4-10-septate, thickened walls and septa. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS holoblastic, polyblastic, integrated into the apical region of the conidiophores, pale brown, smooth, denticulate; cylindrical denticles acting as separating cells, 1-3 denticles per conidiophore. Conip1a 50-55.5 um long, 5-6.5 um diam. at the widest point, solitary, dry, cylindrical, brown or pale brown, slightly thickened walls and septa, 7-9-septate, apex rounded; basal cell truncate, often with a persistent portion of the denticle attached; the apical cell giving rise to a single simple or branched appendage; appendage hyaline, 1-2-septate, smooth, tapering from the base to the apex, close to the base typically dividing into 3 (rarely 2) terminal branches, individual branches 11-27 um long. 772... Li & al. Fic. 3. Camposporium ramosum (HSAUP H7919). A-C. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; D. Conidia; E. Conidiophore; F. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. Endophragmiella jiulingensis sp. nov. (China) ... 773 SPECIMEN EXAMINED: CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE, Jiuling Mountain, on decaying twigs of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 2 Nov. 2016, C.L. Yang (HSAUP H7919). COMMENTS—Camposporium ramosum has been reported from Australia and USA but has not previously been recorded in China. The genus is characterized by dematiaceous, simple conidiophores that bear terminal, integrated, denticulate conidiogenous cells. The conidia are typically cylindrical and elongate multiseptate, rounded at either or both ends; the apex is either simple or has one or more cylindrical appendages, and the base typically has a persistent portion of the denticle attached. The Chinese specimen closely matched the protologue description of C. ramosum, except that the type specimen had bigger conidia with more septa (80-112 x 6.4-9.6 um, 8-15-septate; Whitton et al. 2002). Acknowledgments The authors express gratitude to Dr. Rafael E Castafieda-Ruiz and Dr. Jian Ma for serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31093440, 31230001, 31493010, 31493011, 31200013) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY120100). Literature cited Ellis MB. 1976. More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England. Hughes SJ. 1979. Relocation of species of Endophragmia auct. with notes on relevant generic names. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17: 139-188. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1979.10426887 Kirk PM. 1982. New or interesting microfungi IV. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Devon. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 78: 55-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(82)80077-6 Ma LG, Ma J, Zhang YD, Zhang XG. 2011. Taxonomic studies of Endophragmiella from southern China. Mycotaxon 117: 279-285. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.279 MycoBank. 2017. MycoSearch database search. International Mycological Association, [Accessed: 23 March 2017]. Goos RD, Pirozynski KA. 1975. Fungi of Barro Colorado Island: new and interesting hyphomycetes. Canadian Journal of Botany 53: 2927-2932. https://doi.org/10.1139/b75-322 Ren SC, Ma J, Zhang XG. 2011. A new species and new records of Endophragmiella from China. Mycotaxon 117: 123-130. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.123 Sutton BC. 1973. Hyphomycetes from Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. Mycological Psapers 132 143 p. Whitton SR, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD. 2002. Microfungi on the Pandanaceae: two new species of Camposporium and key to the genus. Fungal Diversity 11: 177-187. Wu WP, Zhuang WY. 2005. Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China. Fungal Diversity Research Series 15. 351 p. MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 775-778 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.775 Pseudocercospora lysidices sp. nov. on Lysidice rhodostegia from China FENGYAN ZHAI”, YINGLAN Guo’, YINGJIE LIu* & HONGLIAN LI” "Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China ’ Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China * Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: honglianli@sina.com ABSTRACT—Pseudocercospora lysidices on Lysidice rhodostegia (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae) is introduced as a new species, based on Chinese specimens previously misidentified as “Pseudocercospora lathyri.” The new species is described, illustrated, and compared with other Pseudocercospora species on caesalpiniaceous hosts. The specimens examined are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (HMAS). KEY worDs—anamorphic ascomycete, Cercospora, taxonomy, cercosporoid fungi Introduction Cercospora lathyri Dearn. & House was described on Lathyrus japonicus [= L. martimus] (Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae), forming angular leaf spots, relatively large stromata (30-60 um diam.), short and narrow conidiophores (5-20 x 3-4 um), and conidia (40-75 x 2-3.5 um), but without any details on the conspicuousness of the conidiogenous loci (House 1916). Guo & Liu (1992), who examined a Chinese collection of a cercosporoid hyphomycete on Lysidice rhodostegia, considered the morphological characteristics of this fungus to be rather similar to those of Cercospora lathyri, an assumption that was based only on descriptions of the latter species and without examining the type material. They assigned the Chinese material to C. lathyri, and introduced the new combination Pseudocercospora lathyri (Dearn. & House) Y.L. Guo & 776 ... Zhai & al. X.J. Liu due to unthickened and undarkened conidiogenous loci and hila of the conidia. Braun & Mel'nik (1997) re-examined the type specimen of C. lathyri and found small but conspicuously thickened and darkened conidiogenous loci and hila and subcylindrical-filiform acicular to narrowly obclavate hyaline conidia, suggesting that C. lathyri must be maintained in Cercospora s. str. and that the Pseudocercospora found on Lysidice rhodostegia in China represents a different species, which we describe here as a new species, Pseudocercospora lysidices. Materials & methods The original collection of the specimen in 1961 is described in the Type designation section. Small pieces of leaf lesions were cut off and heated in Lactic acid-phenol- glycerol-distilled water (1:1:2:1) between slides and coverslips over flame to become transparent. The tissues were examined microscopically without any staining using oil immersion (bright field and phase contrast) lenses on a standard light Olympus CX 21 microscope. Thirty conidia and other structures were measured using 400 magnification; the measurement ranges include the extremes given in parentheses. The type specimen is deposited at the Mycological Herbarium of Academia Sinica, Beijing, China (HMAS) Taxonomy Pseudocercospora lysidices Y.L. Guo & EY. Zhai, sp. nov. FIG. 1 MycoBAnk MB 819544 MISAPPLIED NAME: “Pseudocercospora lathyri” sensu Y.L. Guo & X.J. Liu (1992). Differs from Pseudocercospora guanicensis in its distinct amphigenous leaf spots, its larger stromata, its shorter and narrower pale olivaceous conidiophores, and its cylindrical-obclavate, paler, shorter, and much narrower conidia. Type: China, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, on living leaves of Lysidice rhodostegia Hance (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae), 7 X1 1961, coll. QM. Ma & XJ. Liu (Holotype, HMAS 59072). EryMoLoGcy: referring to the host genus Lysidice. Leaf spots amphigenous, subcircular, angular to irregular, 2-8 mm diam., grayish white in the center, margin dark brown or totally dark brown on the upper surface, brown to dark brown on the lower surface. Caespituli amphigenous. Mycelium internal. Stromata globose, dark brown, 25-65 um diam. Conidiophores densely fasciculate, pale olivaceous, uniform in color, irregular in width, not branched, geniculate in the upper part, straight to curved, obtusely rounded to conical at the apex, 0-1-septate, thin- walled, smooth, 6.5-22(-30) x 2.5-4.3 um. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal or conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, conidiogenous loci inconspicuous, unthickened, undarkened. Conidia solitary, cylindrical- Pseudocercospora lysidices sp. nov. (China) ... 777 Fic. 1. Pseudocercospora lysidices (holotype, HMAS 59072). Conidiophores and conidia. Scale bar = 40 um. obclavate, subhyaline to very pale olivaceous, straight to curved, obtuse at the apex, obconically truncate to almost truncate at the base, inconspicuously 3-7-septate, thin-walled, smooth, 24-86.5 x 2.2-3.5 um. Notes: There are four other Pseudocercospora spp. described on hosts belonging to the Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae: Pseudocercospora caesalpiniae T.K. Goh & WH. Hsieh, P caesalpiniigena U. Braun, P. caesalpiniicola U. Braun et al., and P. guanicensis (E. Young) U. Braun & Crous, but they differ in some respects from the new species. Pseudocercospora caesalpiniae, although also forming angular to irregular leaf spots, amphigenous caespituli, and short and narrow conidiophores (5-15 x 1.5-3 um), differs from P lysidices in its external mycelium with solitary conidiophores, the lack or production of smaller stromata (<40 um diam.), and its acicular to narrowly obclavate conidia (Goh & Hsieh 1989). Pseudocercospora caesalpiniigena |= Cercoseptoria caesalpiniae J.M. Yen et al.] differs from P. lysidices in lacking stromata and in forming indistinct leaf spots, longer and broader conidiophores (30-60 x 4-5 um), and cylindrical conidia (Yen et al. 1982, Braun & Freire 2004). 778 ... Zhai & al. Pseudocercospora caesalpiniicola [= Phaeoisariopsis caesalpiniae J.M. Yen et al.] also forms large stromata (40-75 um diam.) but is distinguished from P. lysidices by indistinct leaf spots, synnematous and hypogenous conidiomata, and longer and broader conidiophores (20-150 x 3-5 um) and conidia (20-110 x 2.5-4.5 um) (Yen et al. 1982, Hernandez-Gutiérrez & Dianese 2009). In comparison to P. lysidices, PR guanicensis [= Cercospora guanicensis E. Young] also forms circular to subcircular leaf spots and small stromata (30-45 um diam.), but its conidiophores are arranged in dense fascicles, darker in color (olivaceous brown), and much longer and broader (20-215 x 4-8 um) and its conidia are obclavate to obclavate-cylindrical and longer and broader (40-105 x 5-7 um; U. Braun, pers. comm.; Chupp 1954; Crous & Braun 2003). Acknowledgments This study was supported by the Project for Fundamental Research on Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013FY110400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31100013) and The Cultivation Program of Youth Backbone Teachers in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province (2016GGJS-109). We express our deep appreciation to Prof. Uwe Braun and Mark L. Gleason for their valuable suggestions, kind help, and their assistance during the course of submission of this manuscript. Literature cited Braun U, Freire FDO. 2004. Some cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Brazil - III. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 25: 221-244. Braun U, Melnik VA. 1997. Cercosporoid fungi from Russia and adjacent countries. Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta imeni V.L. Komarova (St. Petersburg) 20: 1-130. Chupp C. 1954 [“1953”]. A monograph of the fungus genus Cercospora. Ithaca, NY. 667 p. Crous PW, Braun U. 2003. Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs: I. Names published in Cercospora and Passalora. CBS Biodiversity Series 1. 571 p. Goh TK, Hsieh WH. 1989. New species of Cercospora and allied genera of Taiwan. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica 30: 117-132. Guo YL, Liu XJ. 1993. Study on Pseudocercospora in China II. Mycosystema 11: 125-135. (in Chinese) Hernandez-Gutiérrez A, Dianese JC. 2009. New cercosporoid fungi from the Brazilian Cerrado 2. Species on hosts of the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae, Faboideae and Mimosoideae (Leguminosae s. lat.). Mycotaxon 107: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.5248/107.1 House HD. 1916. New or interesting species of fungi. III. Bulletin of the New York State Museum 188: 29-59. Yen JM, Kar AK, Das BK. 1982, Studies on hyphomycetes from West Bengal, India, III. Cercospora and allied genera of West Bengal, 3. Mycotaxon 16(1): 80-95. MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 779-787 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.779 Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. and Conioscypha varia from indoor environments DeE-WEI L1*»?, CHIN S. YANG? & ARIUNAA JALSRAI* ' The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, 153 Cook Hill Road, Windsor, CT 06095, USA ? Southern China collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, China ° Prestige EnviroMicrobiology, Inc., 242 Terrace Boulevard Suite B-1, Voorhees, New Jersey 08043, USA *EMLab Pe&K, 3000 Lincoln Drive East, Suite A, Marlton, NJ 08053, USA * CORRESPONDENCE TO: dewei.li@ct.gov ABSTRACT—Two hyphomycetes were collected from residences: a new species, Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum, with turbinate or obtriangular conidia and Conioscypha varia, reported for the first time from an indoor environment. Key worps—building, dry wall, asexual fungi, water damage, wood Introduction Indoor environments provide man-made and unique habitats for fungi. Building materials, such as drywall and wood, and household materials such as clothing, fabric, books, paper products, foodstuffs, etc. are good substrates for fungi whenever water or moisture is available. There have been historical studies on indoor fungi (e.g., the notorious Stachybotrys chartarum (Ehrenb.) S. Hughes [= Stachybotrys atrus Corda] collected from an indoor wall in Prague during the early 19 century; Corda 1837), but fungal diversity in indoor environments has not been well studied, perhaps due to the misconception that fungal diversity in indoor environments is simple and straightforward. However, an increasing number of fungi have been added to the list of indoor fungi in the last two decades, some new to science and others as first records 780 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai for the countries where they were collected. We report here on two unique hyphomycetes were collected from indoor environments in the USA, one a new species and the other representing a first occurrence for an indoor environment. Materials & methods Two fungi were collected during indoor mold inspections in Florida and Massachusetts. These fungi were grown on malt extract agar (MEA), corn meal agar (CMA) and dichloran glycerol agar (DG18) at 25°C. A small scalpel was used to remove fungal structures directly from the samples or from culture for morphological observation under a compound microscope. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia were mounted in 85% lactic acid or lacto-fuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic acid; Carmichael 1955) and microscopically observed and measured using an Olympus BX40 compound microscope equipped with Nomarski differential interference contrast optics and photographed using an Olympus Microfire digital camera (Goleta, CA). The fungal structure measurements were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 with 95% confidence interval of means. The results are presented as ranges of the measurement. Specimens were conserved in the Herbarium, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA (NHES). Taxonomy Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum D.W. Li & Chin S. Yang, sp. nov. PLATE 1 MycoBank MB 820855 Differs from Bactrodesmiastrum monilioides, B. obovatum, and B. obscurum by its much larger turbinate conidia and from B. pyriforme by its much wider turbinate conidia. Type: USA, Florida, Miami Shores, unidentified decayed wood (floor plank) in a residence, 18 March 2013, Albert Baerren, Prestige 130320-01-001 (Holotype, NHES L1701). ETyMOLOoGy: epithet is named after the indoor habitat where this fungus was collected. CotontEs on the natural substrate effuse, sparse, light brown. Mycelia partly superficial and partly immersed in the decayed wood. Hyphae branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth, thick-walled, 2.5-3 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, often reduced to conidiogenous cells, very rarely developing a septum and separated into two cells, straight, rarely flexuous, unbranched, solitary. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, smooth, thick-walled, pale brown to brown, much darker than the adjacent hyphal cells to both sides, (4.5-)3.7-7(-8) um (n = 6) long, (2.5-)3.5-5.5 um (n = 6) diam at the base, determinate, attenuated towards the apex, conical, tubular, barrel-shaped or (rarely) ovoid, truncate at the apex, occasionally L shaped or short inverse T shaped, 2-4.5(-5) um (n = 11) diam. CONIDIAL SECESSION schizolytic Conip1a (2-)3(-4) septate, acrogenous, turbinate or obtriangular Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. (USA)... 781 > Cal, -“~. Me 2. b c PLATE 1. Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum (holotype, NHES L1701). a. Conidia and conidiogenous cell; b, c. Conidia and conidiogenous cells. Scale bars = 10 um. with a rounded distal side, black, smooth, glistening, solitary, dry, (36.5-) 39.5-43.5(-47) x (30-)33-37(-37.5) um (n = 30), with distal cells darker than the proximal cell, conico-truncate at the base. SEXUAL STATE unknown. Notes: Bactrodesmiastrum Hol.-Jech. is characterized by solitary or poorly ageregated differentiated or undifferentiated conidiophores reduced to a conidiogenous cell that is monoblastic, brown, single (Holubova-Jechova 1984) and contrasts with Bactrodesmium, which develops sporodochia and differentiated, colorless to brown, simple or branched conidiophores that develop mono- or polyblastic conidiogenous cells (Ellis 1971, Holubova-Jechova 782 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai 1972). Bactrodesmiastrum was typified by B. obscurum Hol.-Jech. (Holubova- Jechova 1984), which has flask-shaped conidiogenous cells with a truncate apex and obovoid versicolored conidia with a conico-truncate basal cell. Hernandez- Restrepo et al. (2013) added two new species, Bactrodesmiastrum pyriforme M. Hern.-Rest. et al. and B. obovatum (M. Calduch et al.) J. Mena et al. [= Janetia obovata M. Calduch et al.]. When describing another new species, B. monilioides Hern.-Rest. et al., Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2015) emended the genus by expanding the conidiophore description from “reduced to a conidiogenous cell which is monoblastic, brown, single” to “semi-macronematous or macronematous, mononematous, simple, usually reduced to conidiogenous cells arranged singly or aggregated in small groups, or conidiophores arising from pulvinate to subpustulate, scattered and black sporodochial conidiomata’ All four previously published species were collected or isolated from decaying or submerged wood or twigs and exclusively in Europe; B. domesticum represents the first Bactrodesmiastrum species reported from a different habitat as well as from another part of the world. Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum can easily be distinguished from B. monilioides, B. obovatum, and B. obscurum, which have much smaller non- turbinate conidia: B. monilioides 24-35 x 15-18 um, B. obovatum 22.5-33.5 x 12-15 um, and B. obscurum 24-35 x 11-15 um. (Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2013, 2015; Holubova-Jechova 1984). Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum and B. pyriforme develop conidia of similar lengths, but those of B. pyriforme are pyriform and narrower (14-28 um; Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2013). Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum also resembles Trichocladium achrasporum (Meyers & R.T. Moore) Shearer & J.L. Crane, T: nypae K.D. Hyde & Goh, and T. palmae Manohar. et al. in morphology of conidia and conidiogenous cells. However, T. achrasporum develops sporodochia and produces much smaller (17-24 um x 10-16) conidia (some with dark bands at the septa) that are pyriform, not turbinate (Shearer & Crane 1971); T: nypae develops much smaller (15-20 x 10-13 um) and pyriform to ellipsoidal conidia (Hyde et al. 1999); and T. palmae has finely verrucose conidia (28-36.5 x 18.5-24 um; Manoharachary et al. 2006). Both Bactrodesmiumi linderi (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart and Ba. moenitum (J.L. Crane & Shearer) M.E. Palm & E.L. Stewart resemble B. domesticum somewhat in conidial morphology. However, these species clearly differ from B. domesticum: Ba. linderi by its production of sporodochia and its much smaller pyriform conidia (15-28 x 11-18 um) and Ba. moenitum Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. (USA) ... 783 ew cy a) Sf AN PLATE 2. Conioscypha varia (NHES L1702). a. Conidia and conidiogenous cells; b. Conidiogenous cell; c. Conidia; d. Conidium developed on hypha. Scale bars = 5 um. by its production of sporodochia and its much narrower pyriform conidia (31- 48 x 11-27 um; Palm & Stewart 1982). 784 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2013) found that Ascotaiwania persoonii Fallah et al., B. obovatum, and B. pyriforme formed a monophyletic clade with 99% support. (The anamorph of A. persoonii is unknown; Fallah et al. 1999). This clade was sister (with 99% support) to a /Savoryellales clade that included three different Ascotaiwania species. Similarly, Hernandez-Restrepo et al. (2015, in an analysis that did not include A. persoonii) found that B. monilioides, B. obovatum, and B. pyriforme formed a monophyletic clade with 99% support that was sister (with 95% support) to a /Savoryellales clade that included four different Ascotaiwania species (including the type species, A. lignicola). The extensive phylogenetic analysis by Yang et al. (2016) defined a major lineage (with 100% support), which they proposed as a new family and order (Fuscosporellaceae, Fuscosporellales); this included B. monilioides, B. obovatum, and B. pyriforme, as well as A. persoonii, which they recombined as the type of a new genus Pseudoascotaiwania Jing Yang et al., remote from Ascotaiwania sensu stricto (Savoryellales). Our attempts to culture B. domesticum have been unsuccessful. Trichoderma koningii Oudem., Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier, and Fusicladium aromaticum (Ellis & Everh.) K. Schub. & U. Braun [= Cladosporium aromaticum Ellis & Everh.] co-existed on the same wood sample. Conioscypha varia Shearer, Mycologia 65: 133 (1973) PLATE 2 = Conioscyphascus varius Réblova & Seifert, Stud. Mycol. 50(1): 101 (2004) COLONIES growing slowly on MEA and CMA, no growth on DG18; reaching 21-24 mm diam on MEA and 22-24 mm diam on CMA after four weeks at 25°C; on MEA black, velvety, partly immerse, raised at center with a serrate 2.5 mm wide white edge band, radially sulcate, reverse dark gray; on CMA mycelium white, inconspicuous, colonies low, plane, buff, pale gray at center on both sides. Hyphae colorless, thin-walled, septate, smooth, some cells moniliform. CONIDIOPHORES undifferentiated, single, short, colorless, smooth, unicellular, reduced to conidiogenous cells. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLs intercalary or terminal, colorless, cyathiform, (2.7—)3.8-5.4(-5.6) x (2.4-)2.8-3.6(-4.1) um (n = 20), with a colorless multilayered cup-shaped collarette formed by previously ruptured outer conidiogenous cell walls. Conip1A 1-celled, solitary, smooth, thick-walled, translucent when immature, becoming dark brown when mature, variably shaped, most ellipsoidal, ovoid, or pyriform with a germ pore at the apical and basal ends, a few subspherical or even irregular, (9.5-) 10.5-13.5(-14.7) x (6-)6.3-7.3(-7.5) um (n = 30), some with truncate basal end (2.2—)2.7-3.3(—4) um (n = 30) or apiculate, developing singly and successively Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. (USA) ... 785 by percurrent extensions of the conidiogenous cell apices, secession schizolytic, occasionally conidia developing directly on hyphae; mature conidia seceding and released by rupture at the apex of the conidiogenous cell outer wall. Each conidium leaves a layer of cup-like collarette in which a new conidium will develop. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: USA, MassaACHUSETTS, Hingham, wall ofa residence, 4 February 2013 (NHES L1702). DISTRIBUTION: Czech Republic, Panama, USA. SUBSTRATES/HOsTs: Dry wall, Scheelea zonensis (Corozo palm), decayed wood of Ulmus glabra and an unidentified deciduous tree, and submerged Ochroma pyramidale (balsa) wood (Piepenbring 2006; Shearer 1973). Notes: Hohnel (1904) erected Conioscypha, typified by C. lignicola Hohn. Shearer (1973), who described Conioscypha varia based on a specimen collected from submerged balsa wood in the Patuxent River, MD, USA, emended the generic concept of Conioscypha with detailed information from her study on the conidiogenesis of C. lignicola. Réblova & Seifert (2004) established Conioscyphascus, a new ascomycete genus in which both species, Conioscyphascus varius (type species) and Conioscyphascus gracilis (Munk) Réblova & Seifert, develop Conioscypha anamorphs. Their phylogenetic LSU sequence analyses place C. japonica Udagawa & Toyaz., C. lignicola, and Conioscyphascus varius in a monophyletic clade. Conioscypha (proposed in 1904 and with 17 species) has priority over Conioscyphascus (proposed in 2004 and with only two species) and is the generic name of choice for both the asexual and sexual morphs under the “1Fungus :1Name’ principle. The C. varia isolate collected indoors in Massachusetts did not develop the teleomorph. Conioscypha varia is reported here as an indoor fungus for the first time. The isolate collected indoors from drywall grew at a similar rateon CMA and MEA, but produced no growth on DG18, indicating that C. varia is a hydrophilic, not xerophilic, fungus. The holotype and four specimens of C. varia were all collected during 1967-1969 from submerged balsa wood in Patuxent (Shearer 1973), a habitat indicating that it is an aquatic fungus. Its ecological characters would make C. varia useful as an indicator fungus for long-term water damage in indoor environments. After 40 years since this species was collected and proposed as a new species, C. varia was once more collected in the USA, but this time from an indoor environment and not from wood submerged in the water. It is possible that C. bambusicola Matsush. is conspecific with C. varia. Conidia of these two species are similar in size. Conidia of C. bambusicola are 786 ... Li, Yang & Jalsrai ovate and apiculate, while those of the C. varia holotype are variably shaped— ovoid flammiform, naviculiform, subellipsoidal—with apiculate or rounded apices and some conidia are ovoid, naviculiform, apiculate (Shearer 1973). The shapes of the mature conidia from the isolate collected from the Massachusetts indoor environment appeared similarly variable as those described by Shearer (1973), while the immature conidia were mostly ovoid and apiculate, resembling those described for C. bambusicola. Conidia from the isolate of C. varia studied by Réblova & Seifert (2004) were ellipsoidal with a rounded apex. ‘The status, delineation, and relationship of these two species should be further studied. Acknowledgments The authors are very grateful to Dr. Rafael F Castafieda Ruiz and Dr. Jian Ma and for their critical review of the manuscript and to Drs. Theodore G. Andreadis and James A. LaMondia for their pre-submission review. The authors are very appreciative to Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell for her editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook for his nomenclature review. The authors are appreciative to Albert Baerren of Conestoga- Rovers & Associates for providing the sample of Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum and to Z-H Li for his assistance in obtaining literature otherwise unavailable to the authors. Literature cited Carmichael J. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611. Corda ACJ. 1837. Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum 1. Prague, J. G. Calve. Fallah PM, Crane JL, Shearer CA. 1999. Freshwater ascomycetes: two new species of Ascotaiwania from North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 77: 87-92. https://doi-org/10.1139/b98-202 Hernandez-Restrepo M, Mena-Portales J, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. 2013. New Bactrodesmiastrum and Bactrodesmium from decaying wood in Spain. Mycologia 105: 172-180. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-004 Hernandez-Restrepo M, Gené J, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Mena-Portales J, Guarro J. 2015. Emendation of the genus Bactrodesmiastrum (Sordariomycetes) and description of Bactrodesmiastrum monilioides sp. nov. from plant debris in Spain. Mycological Progress 14: 48 [7 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1067-6 Hohnel F von. 1904. Mycologische fragmente. Annales Mycologici 2: 38-60. Holubova-Jechova V. 1972. Lignicolous hyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia - 2. Bactrodesmium. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 7(4): 407-418. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854768 Holubova-Jechova V. 1984. Bactrodesmiastrum, a new genus of lignicolous hyphomycetes. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 19: 103-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853338 Hyde KD, Goh TK, Lu BS, Alias SA. 1999. Eleven new intertidal fungi from Nypa fruticans. Mycological Research 103: 1409-1422. https://doi-org/10.1017/S0953756299008667 Manoharachary C, Agarwal DK, Sureshkumar G, Kunwar IK, Babu KS. 2006. Memnoniella mohanramii sp. nov. and Zygosporium anupamvarmae sp. nov. from India. Indian Phytopathology 59: 489-491. Palm M, Stewart E. 1982. Two new combinations in Bactrodesmium. Mycotaxon 15: 319-325. Piepenbring M. 2006. Checklist of fungi in Panama: Preliminary version. Puente Bioldgico 1: 1-190. Bactrodesmiastrum domesticum sp. nov. (USA) ... 787 Réblova M, Seifert KA. 2004. Conioscyphascus, a new ascomycetous genus for holomorphs with Conioscypha anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 50: 95-108. Shearer CA. 1973. Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries II. The genus Conioscypha. Mycologia 65: 128-136. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757793 Shearer CA, Crane J. 1971. Fungi of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. I. Patuxent River. Mycologia 63: 237-260. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757758 Yang J, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Bhat DJ, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Al-Sadi AM, Lumyong S. 2016. Fuscosporellales, a new order of aquatic and terrestrial Hypocreomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 37(4): 449-475. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v37.iss4.2016.449 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 789-797 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.789 Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov., from northeastern China XuU-MENG JIANG ©”, YANG-KUN LI?, JUN-FENG LIANG * & JIAN-RONG Wu ? ' Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Guangzhou, 510520, PB. R. China ? Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, PR. China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: jfliang2000@163.com ABSTRACT—Russula brunneovinacea is described as a new species from northeastern China. It is characterized by its deep brownish vinaceous to Etruscan red or Kaiser brown pileus with a slightly depressed center, incurved margin with striate, Naples Yellow context that dries with a greyish tinge, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with an amyloid plage and isolated warts that are connected at base or in ridges warts but do not form a reticulum. The new species is supported by ITS phylogenetic analyses and tentatively placed in Russula subsect. Integroidinae based on morphological analyses. KEY worps—macrofungi, Russulaceae, taxonomy Introduction Russula Pers. (Russulaceae, Russulales, Basidiomycota) was erected by Persoon (1796) and with a worldwide distribution (Kirk et al. 2008). The genus, which is ectomycorrhizal, includes many important edibles such as R. griseocarnosa, popular in China and Southeast Asia (Wang et al. 2009, Li et al. 2010, Zhao et al. 2015) as well as poisonous species such as R. emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. and R. subnigricans Hongo (Miller & Buyck 2002, Yang & Piepenbring 2004, Li et al. 2015). Russula subsect. Integroidinae (Romagn.) Bon was validated by Bon (1986), based on R. sect. Integroidinae Romagn. (Romagnesi 1958). Subsequently Bon placed the subsection within R. sect. Lilaceae (Bon 1988). In this paper, we follow the taxonomy of Bon (1986), who characterized species within this subsection by a pileus with red, yellow, purple and complex color, a grayish 790 ... Jiang & al. context with a rarely blackening tinge, pileocystidia that are absent or rarely septate when present, and sometimes with primordial hyphae. During our research on species diversity of Russula in the Changbai Mountains of northeastern China, we identified two interesting Russula collections as a novel taxon, which we tentatively place in R. subsect. Integroidinae based on detailed morphological examination. Materials & methods Specimens, collected from Changbai Mountains, Jilin Province, during 2012, were photographed in the field, with macroscopic descriptions of the fresh fruiting bodies based on the photos and notes made in the field. After being dried at 50-55°C with an electric drier, the collections were deposited at the Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Guangzhou, China (RITF). Terminology for descriptive terms follows Vellinga (1988). Color names and codes refer to Ridgway (1912). For microscopic observations, sections of specimens were cut by hand, mounted in 5% KOH, and then stained with Congo red. We used Melzer’s reagent to determine spore amyloidy and Cresyl Blue to test spores for a metachromatic reaction (Singer 1986). Sulfovanillin (SV) was used to test for reactions of cystidia. Sizes of basidia, basidiospores, cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia and elements of the pileus covering were measured using the MShot Digital Imaging System. The abbreviation [n/m/p] denotes measurements made on ‘n basidiospores in ‘m’ basidiomata from ‘p’ collections. Basidiospore dimensions follow the notation (a—)b-c(-d); the range ‘b-c’ includes 90% of the measured values with the extreme values (‘a, ‘d’) given in parentheses. The spore quotient Q indicates the length/width ratio of spores, and Qav denotes the average Q of all basidiospores + sample standard deviation. DNA was extracted from dried materials with an improved CTAB protocol (Zhou & Liang 2011). Sequences of ITS region were amplified with the primers ITS5 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990). PCR products were purified using the Bioteke DNA Purification Kit. Both strands were sequenced with an ABI 3730 DNA analyzer and an ABI BigDye 3.1 terminator cycle sequencing kit (Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Services). These newly generated sequences were submitted to GenBank. DNA sequences were edited and aligned by SeqMan (DNA STAR Package) and MUSCLE (Edgar 2004) and manually checked and adjusted. Ambiguously aligned positions were excluded from the matrix. Gaps in alignment were treated as missing data. All unambiguous characters and character transformations were equally weighted. A blast search of the query sequence in GenBank was performed to determine the most closely related taxa for molecular identification. A dataset was generated from the highest scored hits most relevant for identification, as well as from samples previously used in the phylogenetic reconstruction of Russula (Miller & Buyck 2002). Russula virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. and R. foetens Pers. were chosen as outgroup taxa. Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov. (China) ... 791 Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses were used to generate a phylogeny. The ML tree generation and bootstrap analyses were performed with the RAxML BlackBox online server (Stamatakis et al. 2008). All parameters in RAXML analysis were at default, statistical support values were obtained using nonparametric bootstrapping with 1000 replicates, and trees obtained prior to convergence were discarded before the consensus tree. A bootstrap proportion greater than 75% is considered significant. The results were subsequently exported to Dendroscope for tree viewing and editing (Huson et al. 2007). The dataset was further analyzed with MrBayes 3.1 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2005) under a general-time reversible (GTR) model (nst = 6) and the parameter model was selected by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) as the best-fit likelihood model with Modeltest 3.7 (Posada & Buckley 2004). Bayesian analyses were run 6 chains for 1.0 million generations with sampling every 1000 generations. Trees were pooled together and used to generate a 50% majority-rule consensus tree with branch lengths. Nodes that were recovered more than 95% of the time were considered to have a significant posterior probability. Taxonomy Russula brunneovinacea X.M. Jiang, Yang K. Li & J.F. Liang, & sp. nov. FIG.1 MycoBAnk MB 819154 Differs from Russula griseocarnosa by its deep brownish vinaceous to etruscan red or kaiser brown pileus, barium yellow spore print, and smaller basidiospores with smaller spines. TypE—China, Jilin Province, Changbai Mountains, Lushuihe hunting ground, alt. 1000 m, 21 August 2012, Zhang Xin 268 (Holotype, RITF 2242; GenBank KY114148). ETYMOLOGY—The Latin word “brunneovinacea” refers to the brownish vinaceous color of the pileus. BASIDIOMATA medium. PILEUS 5-6 cm in diameter, hemispherical when young, expanding to applanate or concave with a slightly depressed center, surface viscid when young and moist, glabrous when mature; Light Coral Red (x115’b) to Coral Red (xm15’) when young, Dark Vinaceous (xxvit1”’) to Mineral Red (xxvm11’’k) or Burnt Sienna (119k) at centre after maturity, margin slightly incurved, sometimes undulate and dehiscent, obviously striate, Deep Brownish Vinaceous (xxx1x5’”) to Etruscan Red (xxvit5”) or Kaiser Brown (x1v9’k), often becoming Hay’s Russet (x1v7’k) to Russet (xv13’k) or Ocher Red (xxv115’’i) to Prussian Red (xxv115’”"k) when dried. LAMELLAE White (LI) to Cream Color (xv119’f), adnate, not forked, lamellulae absent, becoming Chamois (xxx19”b) or Salmon Color (x1v9’d) with greyish tinge when dried. STIPE 4.5-5 x 1-1.5 cm, central, cylindrical to subcylindrical, enlarged towards the base, white, often tinged Hermosa Pink (11f) tinge when mature, Baryta 792 ... Jiang & al. Fic. 1. Russula brunneovinacea (holotype, RITF2242). A. Basidiomata; B. Basidiospores; C. Basidia; D. Pleurocystidia; E. Cheilocystidia; EF. Pileipellis Yellow (1v21f) and tinged with Eosine Pink (11d) when dried, originally solid, then stuffed with a bread-textured trama to irregular cavities, color unchanging when injured. CONTEXT white (Li), Naples Yellow (xv119’d) with greyish tinge when dried. Opor a little sweet. TasTE few acrid. SpoRE PRINT Barium Yellow (xv123’d). Basip1ospores [52/2/2] (6.1-)6.2-8.5(-8.8) x (5.1-)5.3-7.1(-7.8) um, Q = (1.0—)1.03-1.31(-1.43) (Qav = 1.18 + 0.09), subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov. (China) ... 793 rarely globose or ellipsoid; ornamentation amyloid; warts bluntly conical to subcylindrical, 0.7-0.9 um tall, isolated or connected at base or ridges, not forming a reticulum; plage distinctly amyloid; hyaline in 5% KOH. Basip1a 32-46(-52) x 10-13.5 um, narrowly clavate to clavate, inflated towards upper half, 4-spored, rarely 2-spored, hyaline in KOH, sterigmata about 2.5-4.5 um long. LAMELLAR TRAMA mainly composed of nested sphaerocytes (28-41 x 26-33 wm) surrounded by connective hyphae. PLEUROCYSTIDIA 54-89 x 9-13 um, abundant, narrowly clavate to clavate, apex often with papillate appendage, with abundant granular contents in the upper part, red to slightly purplish red and weakly grey in SV. CHEILOcysTIDIA 43-82 x 7-13 um, clavate with rounded or indistinctly mucronate apex, few with granular contents. PILEIPELLIS composed of hyaline hyphae (2-5 um diam.), often branched and interwoven, septate; terminal cells 16-37 x 2.2-4.1 um, cylindrical, with obtuse apex, sometimes attenuate, and some with zebroid encrustations. CLAMP CONNECTIONS absent. HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION — Solitary or dispersed in conifer and conifer- broadleaf forests. So far found only from the type locality. Additional specimen EXAMINED — CHINA: JILIN PROVINCE, Changbai Mountains, alt. 1000 m, 19 August 2012, Zhang Xin 226 (RITF 2206; GenBank KY114147). Phylogenetic analyses A dataset of 32 ITS sequences with 666 nucleotide sites (including 30 available sequences of Russula from GenBank) was analyzed. Both the RAxML and Bayesian analyses resulted in similar topologies and only the best maximum likelihood tree with bootstrap supports is shown (Fic. 2). Bayesian posterior probability is also displayed with the bootstrap values along the branches. Bayesian and RAxML phylogenetic analyses clustered two collections together and obviously separate from the related sequences available on GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses also grouped the new species with R. griseocarnosa X.H. Wang et al., R. occidentalis Singer, R. vinosa Lindblad, and other species with weak statistical support. Discussion Russula brunneovinacea is well distinguished by its Deep Brownish Vinaceous to Etruscan Red or Kaiser Brown pileus with a slightly depressed center, its incurved striate margin, its white or cream lamellae that become Chamois with a greyish tinge when dried, its Naples Yellow context with greyish tinge when dried, its somewhat acrid taste, and its subglobose to broadly ellipsoid spores with small isolated or connected at base or ridges warts. 794 ... Jiang & al. Bayesian and RAxML phylogenetic analyses support R. brunneovinacea as closely related to the Chinese specimens previously misdetermined as “R. vinosa” and subsequently described as a new species, R. griseocarnosa (Wang et al. 2009). Russula griseocarnosa differs from R. brunneovinacea by its dark red sticky pileus, white context turning greyish during maturity, white spore print, stipe tapered at base, larger basidiospores (8-10 x 6.5-8 um) with longer (<2.5 um) spines, and pleurocystidia (100-150 x 13-20 um). Geographically, R. griseocarnosa invariably grows in tropical and subtropical China while R. brunneovinacea grows in northeastern China with a temperate monsoon climate. Russula occidentalis is also close to R. brunneovinacea. A BLAST query showed that the two species have a 92% maximum identification with 91% coverage. However, R. occidentalis has a variably colored pileus, lamellae with forking edges that bruise grey to black, a white to creamy white stipe that stains dingy pink where handled or damaged and becomes dark grey to brownish-grey or black, and bigger spores (7.9-11.2 x 6.7-8.9 um), basidia (52-62 x 14-17.7 um), and pleurocystidia (70-125 x 9-13 um) (Romagnesi 1985, Roberts 2007). Russula vinosa has a 90% maximum identification with R. brunneovinacea; it differs in its vinaceous red, dark wine-red or somewhat brownish pileus, lamellae becoming grey to black when cut or bruised, pale ochre spore print, mild taste and distinctive odor (Romagnesi 1967, Bon 1988). In the field, R. brunneovinacea is easily confused with the United States species R. rubescens Beardslee (Romagnesi 1985). Russula rubescens also has red color on the pileus, but differs by its paler margin fading with age, mild taste, forked lamellae, white stipe becoming cinereous, and often blackening with age or upon drying, and quickly becoming red and then black when wounded, and basidiospores with an indistinctly amyloid plage. Russula xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. and R. olivacea (Schaeff.) Pers. (Romagnesi 1985, Roberts 2007) also resemble R. brunneovinacea in appearance. Russula xerampelina is distinguished by its ochraceous-olive young pileus, non-striate margin, warm yellow to light orange-yellow lamellae often staining brown where damaged, cream to light yellow stipe, crab or shrimp odor, light orange yellow spore print, and basidiospores with longer (<1.2 um long) warts, while R. olivacea differs in its bigger (10-20 cm) basidiomata, drab pileus with olive green and purple hues, non-striate margin, egg-yolk yellow lamellae unchanging when damaged, deep ochre-yellow spore print, and basidiospores with incompletely amyloid plage (Romagnesi 1985, Roberts 2007). Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov. (China) ... 795 R.eccentrica KF306039 74 R.katarinae KP966377 R.favrei EF530944 R.pascua AY061705 75 R.xerampelina FJ845433 R.sphagnophila AY 061719 = ‘R.nitida KT934001 84/1.00 R.melliolens AY061690 ‘R.subsulphurea KF810135 R.puellula JF908706 67/0.99 ‘R.lilacea AY061731 R.azurea AY (061660 R.rosea AY061715 76/0.99 R.rubra AY061717 100 R.amethystina AY 061653 R.firmula KJ867372 R.californiensis AY 245542 R.decolorans FJ845432 100/1.00) R.brunneovinacea KY114148 66/0.99 R. brunneovinacea KY114147 ‘R. griseocarnosa EF627042 R.claroflava AY 061665 R.vinosa AY061724 77/100 “R.occidentalis AY 534206 R.velenovskyi AY061721 R.integra AY 061683 96/1.00 R.integriformis AY 061684 R.lepida AY 061686 ‘R.aurantiaca AY 061658 R.paludosa AY061703 R foetens AY061677 R.virescens AY061727 60 64 89/1.00 69 pe ON en nstitiionieite Fic. 2. The best RAxML likelihood tree (-In L 3803.544073) based on the Russula ITS dataset. Support values in bold type are RAxML likelihood bootstrap (250%). Values in normal type are Bayesian posterior probabilities (20.95). 796 ... Jiang & al. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Yanchun Li and Dr. Baokai Cui for their critical reviews of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31570544), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2014A030313727), Forestry Science and technology innovation Fund of Guangdong (2014KJCX019-01) and the National Nonprofit Institute Research Fund of CAF (CAFYBB2014MA003). Literature cited Bon M. 1986. Novitates. Validations et taxons nouveaux. Documents Mycologiques 17(65): 51-56. Bon M. 1988. Clé monographique des Russules d'Europe. Documents Mycologiques 18(70-71). 120 p. Edgar RC. 2004. MUSCLE multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32(5): 1792-1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340 Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F 2005. Bayesian analysis of molecular evolution using MrBayes. 183-226, in: R. 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Molecular phylogeny of the genus Russula in Europe with a comparison of modern infrageneric classifications. Mycological Research 106(3): 259-276. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756202005610 Persoon CH. 1796. Observations Mycologicae 1. 115 p. Posada D, Buckley TR. 2004. Model selection and model averaging in phylogenetics: advantages of the Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian approaches over likelihood ratio tests. Systematic Biology 53: 793-808. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150490522304 Ridgway R. 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Robert Ridgway, Washington. https://doi.org/10.5962/bh1.title.62375 Roberts C. 2007. Russulas of southern Vancouver Island coastal forests. PhD thesis, University of Victoria (Canada). Romagnesi H. 1958. Russula sericatula Romagn., nov. sp. Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 27(10): 284-287. Romagnesi H. 1967. Les Russules d’Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. Bordas, Paris. Romagnesi H. 1985. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord. Reprint with supplement. J. Cramer, Lehre. Singer R. 1986. The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. 4th ed. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein. Russula brunneovinacea sp. nov. (China) ... 797 Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J. 2008. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web servers. Systematic Biology 57(5): 758-771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642 Vellinga EC. 1988. Glossary. 54-64, in: C Bas et al. (eds). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica. Vol.1. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam. Wang XH, Yang ZL, Li YC, Knudsen H, Liu PG. 2009. Russula griseocarnosa sp. nov. (Russulaceae, Russulales), a commercially important edible mushroom in tropical China: mycorrhiza, phylogenetic position, and taxonomy. Nova Hedwigia 88: 269-282. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0088-0269 White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. 315-322, in: MA Innis et al. (eds). 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MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 799-811 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.799 Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and its ectomycorrhizal association with Quercus oblongata MUNAZZA KIRAN’ , JUNAID KHAN’, AROoj NASEER’, HASSAN SHER’ & ABDUL NASIR KHALID' University of the Punjab, Department of Botany, Quaid-e-Azam Campus-54590, Lahore, Pakistan *University of Swat, Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, Saidu Sharif-19200, Swat, Pakistan * CORRESPONDENCE TO: munazzakiran@gmail.com ABSTRACT—The occurrence of Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan and its ectomycorrhizal association are reported for the first time based on morphological characters and nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region generated from basidiomata and from ectomycorrhizal roots of Quercus oblongata [= Q. incana Roxb., nom. illeg.]. Key worps—Amanitaceae, ITS, lethal, phylogeny, Swat Introduction Amanita Pers. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) is a large genus comprising about 500 described species (Bas 2000, Tulloss 2005, Yang 2005, Kirk et al. 2008). Many Amanita species have been shown to be ectomycorrhizal, thus playing vital roles in forest ecology (Yang 1997). New Amanita species have been regularly reported from all over the world, including East Asia, Central and South America, South Africa, and Australia (Zhang et al. 2015). However, knowledge about the genus is rather limited for Pakistan, where only eighteen species have been reported (Ahmad et al. 1997, Tulloss et al. 2001). The goal of this study was to collect Amanita basidiomata and ectomycorrhizae from the Quercus-dominated forests of Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Mycological expeditions took place during the monsoon season (July to September) of 2015. Nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence analyses of 800 ... Kiran & al. the ITS region from basidiomata and ectomycorrhizal roots were combined with detailed morphological examinations to confirm Pakistani collections as A. pallidorosea, a new record for Pakistan. We describe the ectomycorrhiza of this species here for the first time. Materials & methods Sampling site Different sites dominated by oak forests were selected for sampling within district Swat (34°34’-35°55’N 72°08’-72°50’E). The Swat valley, well known for its biodiversity, is in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province (Shinwariet al. 2003) where altitudes range from 970 m to 2300 m (Barth 1956), with Falak Sar (the highest peak) towering 5918 m above sea level. The district’s climate is dry temperate to moist temperate. Most of the region gets monsoon rains in summer except in the north, which receives very little or no summer monsoon rains (Ali & Qaisar 1986, Ahmad & Sirajuddin 1996). Swat vegetation types range from sub-tropical chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) forest in the south to alpine pastures and meadows or cold desert in the north (Sher 2013). Collection and morphological characterization of the basidiomata Basidiomata were collected, tagged and photographed in the field using a Nikon D70S digital camera. Fresh morphological characters were recorded in the field and colors were designated using Munsell (1975) after which the specimens were dried with the help ofa fan heater and sealed in zip-lock bags for long-term preservation. The dried material was vouchered and deposited in the Lahore Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Pakistan (LAH). Microscopic characteristics were observed in 5% KOH solution. The abbreviation ‘n/b/p’ indicates ‘n’ basidiospores measured from ‘b’ basidiomata from ‘p’ collections. Basidiospore dimensions are given as length x width (1 x w), with extreme values given in parentheses, and Q = I/w ratio of individual spores; avQ = average Q of all spores + standard deviation (Zhang et al. 2010). Isolation and morphological characterization of ectomycorrhizal roots Twenty 15 cm’ soil cores near the soil surface were retrieved from each sampling site close enough to Quercus tree trunks to ensure that they contained fine Quercus roots. Each soil core was later soaked in water in the laboratory for 1-2 hrs and then passed over a 2 mm sieve under running water to separate the roots from soil. Ectomycorrhizal roots were carefully sorted into morphotypes using a Meiji Techno EMZ-5TR stereomicroscope. The fresh ectomycorrhizal roots were cleaned with a fine camel hair brush, photographed under the stereomicroscope, and examined anatomically under a compound microscope. The morphotypes were kept in McCartney bottles in distilled water with replicates of each reserved in 2% CTAB buffer at 8°C for molecular analysis. Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 801 DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing DNA was extracted (from 3-4 gills or 0.5-1 mg of context tissue per basidioma or 2-4 ectomycorrhizal root tips per morphotype) using a modified CTAB method (Bruns 1995). The extracted genomic DNA was evaluated using gel electrophoresis (1% agarose gel in Gel documentation system Uvipro Platinum (IM-2000 WL/ LC/26M MANZ) with default settings. After confirmation, genomic DNA was suspended in nuclease free water and stored at 20°C. The target rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) was amplified by optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Gardes & Bruns 1993) using the ITS1F fungal specific forward primer (5’-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3'; Gardes & Bruns 1993), ITS4 reverse primer (5’-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3'; White et al. 1990), and Taq polymerase as catalyst in 20 uL PCR tubes using Gene Amp PCR system 9700. The thermo-cycling profile had an initial and final denaturation step at 94°C for 1 minute followed by 30 cycles at 53°C for 1 minute for annealing, and a 1-minute initial extension and 8-minute final extension at 72°C. PCR products were visualized by using 1% agarose gel. Amplified products were sequenced in both directions with the ITS1r and ITS4 amplification primers by BGI Tech Solutions (HK Co. Ltd.). To identify the plant host species, the host plant DNA was extracted from root tips and amplified using the plant specific primer 28xky (5’-GGCGGTAAATTCCGTCC-3’) and universal primer 28c (5’-GCTATCCTGAGGGAAACTT-3’) (Cullings 1992). Successful amplicons obtained from ectomycorrhizal roots were purified using Exonuclease I and Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase enzymes (Werle et al. 1994). The purified products were sequenced by the University of Florida's Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (http: //www. biotech. ufl.edu/). Sequence chromatograms were trimmed, edited, and assembled using Sequencher 4.1 (Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, MI). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis Consensus sequences were generated from the obtained sequences with the forward and reverse algorithms in BioEdit (Hall 1999) and then BLAST searched at NCBI (http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Closely matched sequences from GenBank were downloaded for phylogenetic analysis based on BLAST analysis and on sequences generated by previous phylogenetic studies of Amanita pallidorosea (Zhang et al. 2010, Kim et al. 2013, Li et al. 2015). Sequences were manually edited and assembled using BioEdit (Hall 1999) and ClustalW (Thompson et al. 1997). All ITS sequences were trimmed with the conserved motifs 5’-(...GAT)CATTA— and -GACCT(CAAA...)-3° to facilitate alignment, with the the alignment portion between them included in the analysis (Dentinger et al. 2011). These sequences were aligned with other GenBank sequences using the MUSCLE (Edgar 2004) alignment tool available online (www.ebi.ac.uklTools/msalmuscle). In aligned dataset, all characters were equally weighted, and gap positions were treated as missed data. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis using Jukes-Cantor model in MEGA6 software to test the phylogeny (Tamura et al. 2011). All obtained sequences have been submitted to and accessioned by GenBank. 802 ... Kiran & al. Results Amanita pallidorosea P. Zhang & Zhu L. Yang, Fungal Diversity 42: 125 (2010) Fics 1, 2 BASIDIOMATA medium sized. PILEUs 40-60 mm diam., convex to plano- convex, slightly umbonate, the disc pale pink (5yR9/4) to pale rose (10R9/6) and becoming white with maturity or under dry conditions; surface dry, smooth, volval remnants sometimes present, dull to shiny, margins smooth, incurved when young becoming straight and splitting with age or in dry conditions; context dry, whitish or slightly paler than cap, 1-3 mm, texture soft, not changing upon cutting or bruising. OpoR not distinctive; taste not recorded. LAMELLAE 4.5 mm broad, free, crowded, whitish at first then turning creamy to yellowish cream (10YR9/8) at maturity, edge entire. LAMELLULAE attenuate, frequent, length variable. Stipe 80-120 x 6-12 mm, central, cylindrical to sub- cylindrical to tapering upwards, white to creamy white above the annulus and creamy white with a yellowish (10yYR9/8) to yellowish pink (10R7/10) tinge below, upper quarter hollow, below solid; surface smooth to finely fibrillose squamulose; context white. ANNULUS present, membranous, thin, permanent, yellow to white. VoLva saccate, white, membranous, permanent, in some specimens breaking to leave fragments on the stipe, giving the stipe a banded appearance. Basipiospores [n/b/p = 80/4/3] 7-8.5(-9) x (6.5-)7-8.5(-9) um, Q = 1-1.08, avQ = 1.01, globose to subglobose, apiculus prominent (1.5 um long), guttulate, amyloid in Melzer’s reagent. BAsip1A 31-40 x 8-10.5 um, clavate, tetra-sterigmate, basal clamps absent. PILEIPELLIs hyphae 3.5-5(-7.5) um diam., filamentous, terminal inflated cells clavate 15 um diam., hyaline; when present, volval remnant cells abundant, inflated (18.5 x 18 um). STIPITIPELLIS filamentous, hyaline, 4.5-12 um diam. VOLVAL CELLS subglobose to oval (66 x 78.5 um), hyphae 5-7 um diam. CLAMP CONNECTIONS absent in all tissues. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, Swat District, Lower Shawar, 2100 m asl, on ground in a forest dominated by Quercus oblongata, 5 September 2015, Zia-ullah Sh0O3 (LAH35204; GenBank KY626178); Malam Jabba, Kishawra, 2200 m asl, on soil under oak, 16 August 2015, Junaid Khan MJ1554 (LAH35205; GenBank KY621476); Toa, 2800 m asl, on ground under Quercus oblongata, 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer T4 (LAH35206; GenBank KY616968). COMMENTS: Macroscopically, Amanita subpallidorosea Hai J. Li is strikingly similar to A. pallidorosea because of its pale rose pileus with a conspicuous umbo. However, microscopically, A. subpallidorosea can be distinguished from A. pallidorosea by its larger basidia and basidiospores (Li et al. 2015, Yang 2015). Pure white specimens of A. pallidorosea, also common (Zhang et Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 803 : yy lad ao / Fic. 1. Amanita pallidorosea basidiomata. A. LAH35204; B. LAH35206; C-F LAH35205. Scale bars: A = 1.9 cm; B =1.6 cm; C = 0.9 cm; D = 1.1 cm; E= 1.7 cm; F= 1.5 cm. 804 ... Kiran & al. Fic. 2. Amanita pallidorosea (LAH35204). A. basidia and subhymenium; B. volval remnants on pileus; C. basidiospores; D. volva; E. pileipellis; F. stipitipellis. Scale bars: A = 7.5m; B = 30 um; C= 6.5 um; D = 25 um; E, F = 20 um. Drawings by M. Kiran. al. 2010, Yang 2015), can be easily confused with A. virosa Bertill. (Malysheva et al. 2014). Amanita virosa, however, can be distinguished with its distinctly recurved squamules on the stipe and larger basidiospores (Neville & Poumarat 2004, Yang 2015). Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 805 Fic. 3. Amanita pallidorosea/Quercus oblongata mycorrhiza (LAH-EM64). A, B. ectomycorrhizal roots; C. inner mantle layer cells; D. outer mantle layer cells. Scale bars: A = 0.6 mm; B = 1.2 mm; C=7.5 um; D = 10 um. Drawings by M. Kiran. Morphological characterization of ectomycorrhizae FIG. 3 ECTOMYCORRHIZAL SYSTEM dichotomous, 6-18 mm long, axis <1 mm diam., unramified, ends straight, cylindrical, surface smooth, dark brown 806 ... Kiran & al. (10R1/4). OUTER MANTLE hyphal cells 4.39-5.85 um diam., loosely arranged. INNER MANTLE hyphal cells 4.17-4.80 um compactly arranged. Cells in both layers are mantle type A (Agerer 1987-2002), frequently septate, branched, thin-walled, yellowish brown, end cells not sharply pointed. EMANATING HYPHAE rarely present. RHIZOMORPHS not observed. HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION: In Pakistan, solitary to scattered in small groups on ground under oak. Originally described from China (Zhang et al. 2010); also known from Japan, Korea, and eastern Russia (Kim et al. 2013, Malysheva et al. 2014, Yang 2015, Cai et al. 2016). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: PAKISTAN, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE, Swat District, Toa, 2800 m asl, associated with roots of Quercus oblongata, 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer ANT58 (LAH-EM65; GenBank KY616969); 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer ANT81 (LAH-EM66; GenBank KY616970); 15 July 2015, Arooj Naseer ANT450044 (LAH-EM67; GenBank KY616971); Shawar, 2100 m asl, on roots of Quercus oblongata, 14 August 2015, Arooj Naseer AN26 (LAH-EM64; GenBank KY616967). Molecular phylogenetic characterization Fic. 4 The host plant sequence (GenBank KY829452) obtained from ectomycorrhizal roots of Amanita pallidorosea (GenBank KY616969) showed 99% identity with Quercus oblongata D. Don [= Quercus incana Roxb., nom. illeg.] (GenBank AY456170) using BLAST search tool at NCBI. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on a 58-sequence ITS dataset of which 57 sequences represented Amanita species and one represented the outgroup Limacella glioderma (Fr.) Maire [= L. delicata (Fr.) Konrad & Maubl.]. The post-alignment dataset included 891 sites, of which 339 were conserved, 489 variable, and 345 parsimony informative. Reliability of the consensus tree was calculated by 1000 bootstrap replications. The phylogenetic tree contained four well supported clades corresponding to four Amanita sections: A. sect. Phalloideae, A. sect. Validae, A. sect. Lepidella, and A. sect. Amanita (Zhang et al. 2010, Cai et al. 2016). Sequences obtained from the Pakistani basidiomata and morphotypes clustered with A. pallidorosea in A. sect. Phalloideae. This lineage is consistent with the morphological identification. Discussion Amanita pallidorosea is one of the lethal amanitas in A. sect. Phalloideae (Zhang et al. 2010, Malysheva et al. 2014, Yang 2015). First described by Zhang et al. (2010) from China, the species is characterized by typically pale rosy (sometimes white) umbonate pileus and small globose to subglobose basidiospores. This taxon has been reported from other Asian countries Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 807 i Amanita pallidorosea KY616967 @ Amanita pallidorosea KY616968 i Amanita pallidorosea KY616971 Amanita pallidorosea KJ466382 Amanita pallidorosea FJ176736 66] Hl Amanita pallidorosea KY616970 Mi Amanita pallidorosea KY616969 Amanita pallidorosea KF245917 Amanita pallidorosea KF245915 oe Amanita pallidorosea KT894838 @ Amanita pallidorosea KY626178 do! @ Amanita pallidorosea KY621476 Amanita pallidorosea KF245916 Amanita pallidorosea KJ466389 Amanita pallidorosea KT894837 98] + Amanita subjunquillea var alba FJ375332 Amanita pallidorosea KJ466383 Amanita pallidorosea JX998035 Amanita pallidorosea JX998037 Amanita pallidorosea KJ466385 Amanita bisporigera KU311692 gg ' Amanita bisporigera KRQ19764 Amanita rimosa KU311696 : ; Toot Amanita rimosa KU311695 | “tion Phalloideae 7-— Amanita virosa KF937304 63 Amanita virosa ABO15676 84, Amanita subpallidorosea KP691682 691 |! Amanita subpallidorosea KP691678 gg | Amanita subpallidorosea KP691680 gi! Amanita subpallidorosea KP691677 Amanita ocreata KJ466381 gq ‘Amanita ocreata GQ486374 94, Amanita phalloides GQ221843 Amanita phalloides GQ221841 ge |r Amanita subjunquillea KR996715 e9' Amanita subjunquillea KT894848 99 - Amanita suballiacea KP221316 Amanita suballiacea KP221303 100; Amanita fuligineoides FJ176721 90 Amanita fuligineoides FJ176720 Amanita reidii AY325824 Amanita exitialis KT213706 80 Amanita exitialis KT213705 Amanita ocreata AY918962 Amanita areolata AB167727 gg ‘Amanita zangii KJ466433 Amanita spissa KF245910 Amanita rubescens ABO15682 _| Section Validae 9g + Amanita rubescens EU819464 Amanita cylindrispora AY325839 57 Amanita oberwinklerana KT894853 —_| Section Lepidella 100 ' Amanita oberwinklerana KT894852 100 , Amanita subglobosa KU139498 Amanita subglobosa KU139497 Amanita subfrostiana JN9431 72 Section Amanita 99 Amanita rubrowlvata FJ375329 75 Amanita subfrostiana KF651010 100 91 Limacella glioderma FJ478086 “Joutgroup 0.05 Fic. 4. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Amanita spp. based on ITS sequences. The tree with the highest log likelihood (—5886.3380) is shown. The analysis involved a total of 58 nucleotide sequences and 891 positions in the final dataset. New sequences generated from Pakistani basidiomata are marked with @ and from ectomycorrhizal root tips with Ml. 808 ... Kiran & al. including Japan (Yang 2015, Cai et al. 2016), Korea (Kim et al. 2013, Cho et al. 2015), and Russia (Malysheva et al. 2014). Macro- and microscopically, the three A. pallidorosea basidiomata (LAH35204-35206) collected in Pakistan agree with the descriptions by Zhang et al. (2010) and Malysheva et al. (2014). However, the smooth stipe surface in some specimens and the hollow stipe apex contrast with the original description. The yellowish annulus in some collections, although differing from the original collection of Zhang et al. (2010), conforms to the findings of Malysheva et al. (2014) and Yang (2015). Amanita pallidorosea has not been previously recorded from Pakistan (Ahmad et al. 1997), and our basidiomata and ectomycorrhizal roots represent the first report of the species from the country. Ectomycorrhizal association of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam., A. citrina Pers., and A. strobiliformis (Vittad.) Bertill. have been described with various hosts with different ramification patterns (Ingleby et al. 1990, Mleczko 2004, Raid] & Verma 2006) Phylogenetically, the sequences obtained from ectomycorrhizal roots and basidiomata clustered with A. pallidorosea sequences retrieved from GenBank in clade sect. Phalloideae, which contained A. areolata T. Oda et al., A. bisporigera G.F. Atk., A. exitialis Zhu L. Yang & T.H. Li, A. fuligineoides P. Zhang & Zhu L. Yang, A. ocreata Peck, A. phalloides (Fr.) Link, A. reidii Eicker & Greuning, A. rimosa P. Zhang & Zhu L. Yang, A. suballiacea (Murrill) Murrill, A. subjunquillea S. Imai, A. subjunquillea var. alba Zhu L. Yang, A. subpallidorosea, A. virosa, and A. zangii Zhu L. Yang et al. (Cai et al. 2014, 2016). Large white basidiomata morphologically similar to A. pallidorosea are also present in A. bisporigera, A. exitialis, A. oberwinkleriana Zhu L. Yang & Yoshim. Doi, A. ocreata, A. subjunquillea var. alba, and A. virosa (Imazeki & Hongo 1987, Yang & Li 2001, Malysheva et al. 2014) (Fic. 4). Amanita pallidorosea has been previously reported from forests dominated by Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., and members of family Fagaceae and Pinaceae (Zhang et al. 2010, Malysheva et al. 2014, Cai et al. 2016), but no studies have been published confirming its ectomycorrhizal association. This appears to be the first report of ectomycorrhizal association of A. pallidorosea with Quercus oblongata supported by morphological and molecular data. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Prof. Zhu Liang Yang (Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for his valuable comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. Thanks are due to Dr. Sana Jabeen (University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan), Dr. Andrew W. Wilson (Denver Botanic Gardens, USA), Amanita pallidorosea in Pakistan ... 809 and Dr. Yan-Chun Li (Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) for providing helpful reviews of this manuscript. We very much appreciate the field assistance of Dr. Abdul Rehman Khan Niazi (University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan). Sincere thanks are also due to Dr. Matthew E. Smith (University of Florida, USA) for providing molecular research facilities to one of the authors. Thanks are also due to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for his precious time in editing the nomenclature. Literature cited Agerer R. 1987-2002. Colour atlas of ectomycorrhizae. Einhorn- Verlag, Schwabisch Gmiind. 190 p. 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Mycology 6(2): 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2015.1042536 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 813-817 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.813 Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov. from Hainan, China MIN QIAO, XING Du, ZHAO-Hut!I BIAN, JIE PENG & ZE-FEN YU* Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: Zfyuqm@ynu.edu.cn ABSTRACT—Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis, isolated from decaying dicotyledonous leaves submerged in a stream, is described and illustrated as a new species. The fungus is characterized by obclavate conidia with long flagelliform apical appendages. The new taxon is compared with other Ellisembia species having flagelliform appendages at the conidial tip. Key worps— aquatic hyphomycetes, fungal diversity, morphology Introduction Ellisembia was introduced by Subramanian to accommodate Sporidesmium- like species, with Sporidesmium coronatum Fuckel [= E. coronata (Fuckel) Subram.] as type species (Subramanian 1992). The genus is characterized by determinate or irregularly percurrently extending conidiogenous cells that produce distoseptate conidia, while Sporidesmium is restricted to those species that have conidiogenous cells without or with irregular proliferation and euseptate conidia (Subramanian 1992). Despite the segregation of a new genus from Sporidesmium in 1992, researchers continued to place some species with distoseptate conidia into Sporidesmium (Shi & Zhang 2007, Ma & Zhang 2007a,b); these were subsequently transferred into Ellisembia (Santa-Izabel et al. 2013). Wu & Zhuang (2005), who merged Imicles Shoemaker & Hambl. into Ellisembia, expanded the generic concept to include species that produce typically lageniform, ovoid, or doliiform, percurrently extending conidiogenous cells. Currently 60 species are included in Ellisembia (Index Fungorum 2017). 814 ... Qiao & al. Several fungal species and genera occurring on dead stems or decaying branches of broadleaf trees have been described recently in China (Xia et al. 2015, 2016; Ren et al. 2012; Ma et al. 2007a,b, 2010). During a study of aquatic hyphomycetes in Diaoluo Mountain Preserve, Hainan Province, China, we encountered an unknown fungus sharing some features of Ellisembia that we propose here as a new species. Materials & methods The culture was isolated from decaying leaves collected on a broadleaf tree in Diaoluo Mountain Preserve, Hainan province, in southern China, by Z.E Yu on April 2015. The decaying leaves were cut into several 2-4 x 2-4 cm sized fragments, which were flattened out on the surface of CMA (20 g cornmeal, 18 g agar, 40 mg streptomycin, 30 mg ampicillin, 1000 ml distilled water) for ten days; single conidia were isolated using a sterilized toothpick while viewing with a CX31 microscope, and cultivated on CMA in Petri plates. Morphological observations were made from CMA after incubation at 28°C for one week; pure cultures and a permanent slide were deposited in the Herbarium of the Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China (YMF; formerly Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology of Yunnan). Taxonomy Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis M. Qiao & Z.F. Yu, sp. nov. PLATE 1 MycoBank MB 820988 Differs from Ellisembia karadkensis by its smaller, unbranched conidia with fewer septa. Type: China, Hainan Province: Diaoluo Mountain Preserve, 18°43’N 109°43’E, elev. 1020 m, on submerged decaying leaves of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant in a stream, July 2015, J. Peng (Holotype, YMF 1.04266). EryMo oey: Latin, pseudokaradkensis, referring to the similarity to E. karadkensis in the shape of conidia. CoLonigs 2 cm diam. on CMA after 10 days, Mycelium partly superficial and partly immersed in the substratum. CONIDIOPHORES erect, macronematous, mononematous, straight or flexuous, dark to blackish brown, arising from creeping hyphae, 0-1-septate, 7-18 x 4-5 um, base often specialized to T- or L-shape. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated, terminal, cylindrical, pale or dark brown, 14-15 x 4.5 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. CONIDIA solitary, obclavate, mostly curved, tapering towards narrow whip-like apical tip, (81.5-)90.5-138(-149) um long, 5.5-8 um diam., truncate, 2.5-4 um diam. at the base, 8-13-distoseptate, with 2-3 apical cells subhyaline or hyaline with Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov. (China) ... 815 PiaTE 1. Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis (holotype, YMF 1.04266). A. Distoseptate conidium. B. Conidia with flagelliform apical appendages. C. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. Scale bars: A, C = 10 um; B = 20 um. 816 ... Qiao & al. thin septa, other cells pale olivaceous to brown but dark at the septa, apical appendages (33-)57-148 um long, 0.5-1 um diam. Discussion Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis is characterized by flagelliform apical appendages and long, narrow conidia. Five other Ellisembia species have flagelliform appendages at the tip of conidia: E. podocarpi Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, E. photiniae Jian Ma & X.G. Zhang, E. flagelliformis (Matsush.) W.P. Wu, E. magnibrachypus (Matsush.) Rajeshk. & S.K. Singh, and E. karadkensis Rajeshk. & S.K. Singh. Ellisembia E. karadkensis is distinguished from E. pseudokaradkensis by its branched conidia and E. magnibrachypus by its branched appendages, and E. pseudokaradkensis is distinguished from all five species by its distinctive combination of the number of conidial septa, conidial size, and length of apical appendage (TABLE 1). TABLE 1. Comparison of Ellisembia species with appendages at the tip of conidia. CONIDIA SPECIES ee ,._—0. 52 OE REFERENCE NUMBER OF LENGTH X APICAL APPENDAGE SEPTA WIDTH (tm) LENGTH (um) E. flagelliformis 11-14 60-90 x 40 Wu & Zhuang 9-10 (2005) E. karadkensis 10-35 150-345 x 100 * Rajeshkumar et al. 9.5-12.5 (2012) E. magnibrachypus 9-10 48-62 x 65 Matsushima (1975) 12-14 E. photiniae 10-16 92-170 x 43-90 Ma et al. (2010) 13-16 E. podocarpi 13-19 110-170 x 80 Ma et al. (2010) 7.5-10 E. pseudokaradkensis 8-16 90.5-138 x (33-)57-148 Thi 6.0-7.5 v8 Paper * Appendage length estimated from illustration Acknowledgements This work was jointly financed by National Natural Science Foundation Program of PR China (31360130, 31770026). We are very grateful to Prof. X.G. Zhang and Dr. R.E Castafieda-Ruiz for critically reviewing the manuscript and providing helpful suggestions to improve this paper. Ellisembia pseudokaradkensis sp. nov. (China) ... 817 Literature cited Index Fungorum. 2017. http://www.indexfungorum.org/ (Accessed: 15 April 2017) Ma J, Zhang XG. 2007a. Taxonomic studies of Sporidesmium from China. Mycotaxon 99: 367-372. Ma J, Zhang XG. 2007b. Two new species of Sporidesmium from Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 101: 73-76. Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Ren SC, Zhang XG. 2010. Taxonomic studies of Ellisembia from Hainan, China. Mycotaxon 114: 417-421. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.417 Matsushima T. 1975. Icones Microfungorum a Matsushima lectorum. Kobe, Japan. 209 p. Rajeshkumar KC, Kajale SC, Sutar SA, Singh SK.2012. Ellisembia karadkensis sp. nov. from southern Western Ghats, India. Mycotaxon 121: 181-186. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.181 Ren SC, Ma J, Zhang XG. 2012. Two new Ellisembia species from Hainan and Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 122: 83-87. https://doi.org/10.5248/122.83 Santa Izabel TS, Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Ellisembiopsis gen. nov., new variety of Sporidesmiella and some notes on Sporidesmium complex. Mycosphere 4: 156-163. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/2/1 Shi CK, Zhang XG. 2007. Taxonomic studies of Sporidesmium from Guangxi, China. Mycotaxon 99: 359-366, Subramanian CV. 1992. A reassessment of Sporidesmium (Hyphomycetes) and some related taxa. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Science B 58: 179-190. Wu WP, Zhuang WY. 2005. Sporidesmium, Endophragmiella and related genera from China. Fungal Diversity Research Series 15. 351 p. Xia JW, Ma YR, Zhang XG. 2015. Anungitea guangxiensis and Ellisembia longchiensis, two new species from southern China. Mycotaxon 130: 41-46. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.41 Xia JW, Wang JY, Yang CL. 2016. Ellisembia henanensis sp. nov. and two new hyphomycete records from central China. Mycotaxon 131: 597-603. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.597 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 819-829 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.819 Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. in a guadual forest from Quindio Department, Colombia TANIA RAYMUNDO!, RICARDO SOTO-AGUDELO? & RICARDO VALENZUELA! "Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas, Plan de Ayala y Carpio s/n Col. Santo Tomas, Ciudad de México, CP 11340, México ? Docente del Programa de Biologia, Universidad del Quindio, Armenia, Departamento del Quindio, Colombia * CORRESPONDENCE TO: rvalenzg@ipn.mx ABSTRACT—Colpoma guadueticola is described as a new species growing on fallen culms of Guadua angustifolia from Colombia. The specimens were collected in a guadual forest from the Natural Reserve “La Montafia del Ocaso, municipality of Quimbaya, Quindio Department, Colombia. A key to the species of Colpoma is presented. Key worps—Leotiomycetes, Rhytismatales, Rhytismataceae, taxonomy Introduction Colpoma was described by Wallroth in 1833 with C. quercinum (Pers.) Wallr. as the type species (Darker 1967). The ascomycete genus is characterized by its elongated (often curved) or ellipsoid apothecial ascomata that erupt under periderm or break through naked wood and open with a single longitudinal slit, well developed thick dark colored covering and basal layers, abundant slender paraphyses that often coil or bend at the tip, and continuous cylindric or filiform ascospores (Darker 1967, Johnston 1991). Quélet placed Colpoma within Patellariaceae (Hysteriales), a family later transferred to Phacidiales by Saccardo (Theon 1918). Darker (1967) moved Colpoma to Hypodermataceae (Phacidiales) after which Sherwood (1979) and Johnston (1991) transferred the genus to Rhytismataceae (Phacidiales). Currently, Medardi (2002, 2004) and Kirk et al. (2008) include Rhytismataceae within Rhytismatales. 820 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela The Natural Reserve ‘La Montafia del Ocaso’ is located at 4°34’08”N 75°51'03”W, south of Quimbaya municipality in Quindio Department, Colombia (Agudelo & Gémez 2001). The guadual forest of this natural reserve is a floristic resource of great ecological importance because of the huge diversity of plants, animals, and fungi. The forest is dominated by Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Poaceae), known as “Colombian bamboo” and considered the world’s third largest bamboo, reaching heights up to 30 meters (Agudelo & Gémez 2001, Moreno et al. 2007). There are few studies on fungal species associated with Guadua angustifolia in Colombia. Restrepo-F. et al. (2005) isolated four agaricomycete genera on Guadua: Pleurotus spp., Schizophyllum commune Fr., Daedaleopsis tricolor (Bull.) Bondartsev & Singer, and Polyporus sp. Soto-Agudelo et al. (2016a) described 29 ascomycete species collected in a guadual forest from the Natural Reserve ‘La Montafia del Ocaso’ from Colombia; of these, 15 grew on decayed debris of Guadua angustifolia, ten were found on decayed wood of trees, and four were parasites of other ascomycetes. In 2015 and 2016, during an ongoing survey of Ascomycetes in Colombia (Soto-Agudelo et al. 2016a,b), three Colpoma specimens were gathered from Guadua angustifolia. These collections had a distinct morphotype that could not be satisfactorily accommodated in any of the known species of this genus. The objective of the present work is to describe these specimens as a new species of Colpoma associated with Guadua angustifolia in the Department of Quindio in Colombia. Materials & methods The specimens were collected in The Natural Reserve ‘La Montana del Ocaso’in October 2015 and May 2016 and are deposited in the herbarium of the University of Quindio, Armenia, Colombia (HUQ) and in the fungal collection ‘Dr. Gaston Guzman Huerta at the Herbarium Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Bioldgicas of Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico (ENCB). Latitude/longitude coordinates were obtained with GPS eTrex (Garmin). Colors are coded according to Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Morphological examinations were conducted using protocols outlined by Johnston (1991) and Minter (1997). Anatomical characters were measured from rehydrated tissues in 5% aqueous KOH and Melzer’s reagent. Macroscopic characters were photographed with a Nikon D7000 and micrographs were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 9000. The meanings of some terms are based on Ulloa & Hanlin (2012) dictionary. Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ... 821 Fics 1-4: Colpoma guadueticola (isotype, ENCB Raymundo 5898). 1. Gregarious linear apothecia on fallen culm. 2. Mature fusiform, curved, sigmoid, sinuous to undulate apothecia with rounded or acute ends. 3. Elongated apothecium with rounded ends. 4. Apothecia ellipsoid, elongated, lacrymoid with rounded or acute ends. Scale bars: 1 = 10 mm; 2 = 3 mm; 3,4= 1mm. 822 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela Taxonomy Colpoma guadueticola Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & R. Valenz., sp. nov. Fics 1-15 MycoBank MB 820664 Differs from Colpoma quercinum by its long, filiform ascospores, its paraphyses dichotomically to irregularly branched at the apex, and its substrate of fallen culms of Guadua angustifolia. Type: Colombia, Quindio department: municipality of Quimbaya, Natural Reserve ‘La Montafia del Ocaso’, 4°34’08”N 75°5103”'W, alt. 1050 m, 29 October 2015, T. Raymundo 5898 (Holotype, HUQ; isotype, ENCB). EryMo.ocy: Referring to Guaduetum, the phytosociological name for the guadual forest dominated by Guadua angustifolia, where the specimens were collected. APOTHECIA (1—)2-10 mm long and 0.4—0.8 mm broad, stromatic, erumpent, deeply immersed within substratum, and aligned with the main axis of the fallen culm; visible initially as small ellipsoid to oblong or linear black spots when closed, later opening by one longitudinal split, variable in shape when mature: ellipsoid, oblong, fusiform, curved, sigmoid, lacrymoid, sinuous to undulate, rounded or acute at both ends; the apothecial wall mostly covered with black stromatic tissue. HyMEeNrum slightly raising the substratum surface, yellowish white (4A2) to pale yellow (4A3) in young specimens or at the edges and ends of the ascomata, light yellow (4A5) to deep yellow (4A8) in mature fresh specimens. STROMATIC TISSUE in vertical transverse section covering the lateral sides and the lower part of the apothecia, lateral walls 60-100 um thick, forming a textura angularis, dark brown to black in KOH, comprising mostly angular cells, olivaceous green to black, slightly thick-walled 5-9 um diam.; lower wall 30-40 um thick, forming a textura angularis, dark brown in KOH, comprising mostly angular cells, olivaceous green to brown, slightly thick-walled, 5-7 um diam. MEDULLAR EXCIPULUM 30-50 um thick, forming a textura intricata with interwoven hyphae, hyaline in KOH, septate, 1-2 um diam. SUBHYMENIUM 8-12 um thick, forming a textura intricata, interwoven hyphae hyaline in KOH, 1-2 um diam. PARAPHYSES filiform, hyaline in KOH, non-septate, smooth, thin walled, dichotomously to irregularly branched at the apex, extending up to 20 um beyond the asci, 1-2 um diam. Ascr 136-180 x 5-7 um, cylindrical, Fics 5-11: Colpoma guadueticola (isotype, ENCB Raymundo 5898). 5. Apothecium, vertical transverse section. 6. Hymenium. 7. Medullary excipulum, hymenium, and stromatic tissue. 8. Lateral stromatic tissue with textura angularis. 9. Basal stromatic tissue. 10-11. Basal and lateral stromatic tissue and medullary excipulum. Scale bars: 5 = 300 um; 6 = 80 um; 7 = 100 um; 8 = 40 um; 9, 10 = 50 um; 11 = 20 um. 823 Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ... A i tl > = . ar, Ah, | yA ae | 824 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela 8-spored, hyaline in KOH, uniformly thin-walled, with only one wall layer visible, rounded apex, inamyloid. AscosPorgs parallel to subparallel within the ascus, (68—)80-110(-120) x 0.8-1.0 um, filiform, straight to slightly curved, hyaline in KOH, aseptate, thin-walled, smooth, gelatinous sheath not observed at the apex. ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION—Gregarious on fallen and dead culms of Guadua angustifolia in guadual forest mixed with tropical dry forest. The species is known only from the type locality. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—COLOMBIA, QUINDIO DEPARTMENT: Municipality of Quimbaya, Natural Reserve ‘La Montafia del Ocaso, 4°34’08”N 75°51'03”W, alt. 1050 m, 29 October 2015, R. Soto-Agudelo 60 (HUQ); 17 May 2016, T. Raymundo 6036 (HUQ). COMMENTS—Colpoma guadueticola is characterized by its variably shaped apothecia with pointed or rounded ends, yellow hymenium, paraphyses that are dichotomously to irregularly branched at the apex, long straight to slightly curved aseptate ascospores, and its host Guadua angustifolia. Colpoma azaleae (Schwein.) Cooke, C. morbidum (Peck) Sacc., C. quercinum, and C. styriacum Remler resemble C. guadueticola in having ascospores longer than 70 um, but C. azaleae is separated by its small (1-3 mm long) apothecium, dark subrufescent hymenium, and Rhododendron periclymenoides (Ericaceae) substrate; C. morbidum is distinguished by its white to gray hymenial surface and growth on Picea mariana (Pinaceae) and Chamaecyparis thyoides (Cupressaceae); C. quercinum has roughly circular to oblong apothecia, apices of the paraphyses developing curls and spirals, and growth on Quercus spp.; and C. styriacum is separated by its small oblong yellowish green apothecia, 7—8-septate ascospores, and growth on Vaccinium myrtilloides (Ericaceae). The other Colpoma species are separated by their shorter (<75 um) ascospores and different hosts, as shown in the key below. Key to the species of Colpoma 1. Ascospores ellipsoid to oblong-elliptical, 5-10 um diam., 0-3-septate ............ 2 1. Ascospores filiform, 1-3 um, diam., 0-8-septate .......... 0. eee eee ee eee eee 3 2. On fallen bark of Agathis australis (apothecia 0.6-1 x 0.3-0.5 mm, broad ellipsoid to oval, hymenial surface Figs 12-15: Colpoma guadueticola (isotype, ENCB Raymundo 5898). 12. Paraphyses dichotomously to irregularly branched at the apex. 13. Asci and paraphyses. 14. Asci with parallel to subparallel ascospores. 15. Ascospores. Scale bars: 12, 14 = 30 um; 13, 15 = 25 um. Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ... 825 ’ i ) 826 ... Raymundo, Soto-Agudelo & Valenzuela yellow to orange, ascospores 17-25 x 5-7.5 um, ellipsoid, (0-)1 septate; known only from New Zealand; Johnston 1991: 405) ................ C. agathidis 2. On fallen wood of Nothofagus (apothecia 1.5-5 x 1-2.5 mm, ellipsoid to irregular in shape, hymenial surface translucent yellow, ascospores 31-46 x 6-10 jum, ellipsoid, (0-)3-septate; known only from New Zealand; Johnston 1991: 407) .. C. nothofagi St ASCO SP OLS x7 OmLIUNY LON dees Fou bine ea hoot Seer tcndey he cody fre cosy Peepndesake-w ody nse Mee toga 4 Be USGS POLES 7.55 NNN els acihgs Me cihgs OE ech OO ccs ed och Ad edz Ad eds Md bem AS Pegs a Me beget a 14 ALTOVA OM ICL Se teen e ee cee caches fedlagcah ger SUMP es PN pr Te STP ri ARS gor AEE pr TASS pr Sly 5 He CUNEAMOTOSP ORS. . Norn cc Winns © Bees Wien « Whowates « Mowat: Mines « Miri” eben oy Reval Comat 10 5. On Cupressaceae (on living and dead branches of Juniperus communis, apothecia 1-3 x 1-2 mm, circular, ellipsoid to irregular in shape, hymenial surface pale gray to fawn, ascospores 40-50 x 1-2 um, almost straight, aseptate; Buropeanspecios: Miner LO96ae-Ly me iP ncc28F bo 82 bag os eg bo AB Be C. juniperi DA ANAC GE Rs 2 co Saad usted tes hes den shud’ s cap tude woh Ses ap ok Em pees Doe ees abet be 6 ON . Paraphyses unbranched, straight, slightly swollen at the apex (apothecia small, 0.6-1 x 0.28-0.4 mm, long ellipsoid, round or acute at each end, hymenial surface gray to dark gray, ascospores 33-53 x 2.5-3.5 um, fili-fusiform, 3-septate at maturity; known only from China on dead or senescent twigs of Pinus armandii; Hou & Piepenbring 2005: 360) .. C. intermedium nN . Paraphyses unbranched or branched, not swollen at the apex (circinate or flexuous with hooked tips, apothecia larger than 1] mm) ........... 7 7. Apothecia with crenulate margin (1-2 x 0.5-0.75 mm, ellipsoid, subglobose to irregularly oblong and flexuous, hymenial surface grayish blue to violaceus gray, ascospores 70-75 x 2 um, almost straight, rounded apex and basal end acute, aseptate; known only from Sweden on fallen twigs of Pinus sylvestris; Saccardo 1891: 1128) ..C. serrulatum 7. Apothecia with smooth, striate or rugose margin .............. 0... e eee eee eee 8 8. Paraphyses branched, circinate (apothecia 1-4 x 0.7-1 mm, ellipsoid to linear, hymenial surface pale yellowish gray, ascospores 30-45 x 1.5-2 um, aseptate; known only from USA on decorticated conifer wood; Sherwood 1979: 35)........ C. deustum 8. Paraphyses unbranched, flexuous with hooked tips ...................00 00005. 9 9. Apothecia 0.7-3 x 0.4-1 mm, sometimes curved or irregularly branched, hymenial surface grayish to bluish gray (ascospores 26-42 x 1.5-2 um, rod-shaped to filiform, aseptate; European species, growing on fallen twigs Ol Picegau es siiiapet O97 s-Wiie ote sates Jc tes oe Le Mey, os te C. crispum 9. Apothecia 2-3 mm long, oblong to linear, flexuous, black, (ascospores 25-35 x 1-1.5 um, subfiliform, rounded apex and acute base, aseptate; known only from Sweden, growing on bark of fallen twigs ot Picee dbiessSaccatdo: 1891 1 QY So RP tide Paige! C. pseudographioides 10. 10. li 1 —_— 12: 12: Ls h3y 14. 14. TS. 15. 16 Colpoma guadueticola sp. nov. (Colombia) ... 827 Apothecia with milk white hymenial surface (ascospores 50-75 um long, filiform; known only from North America on dead branches of Rhododendron groenlandicum; Peck 1876: 69, SAG Cava oul a O04 et, fete Witinte wo ate We aM eaten. tatein' tag ekumetgeee A C. lacteum Apothecia with gray, bluish gray or grayish blue hymenial surface ............ 11 Paraphyses unbranched, straight to flexuous, apex not differentiated, apotheatasmial ly Huangshan Yunle Ganoderma Co., Ltd. of Anhui Province, Yingkan Road, Jingde, Anhui 242600, China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: lyg927@263.net ABSTRACT—Lirula sichuanensis on 2-year-old dead needles attached on living twigs of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens [= P. likiangensis var. balfouriana] in Sichuan Province is described and illustrated as a new species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA sequences confirms its distinction from similar species of the genus. The type specimen is deposited in the Forest Protection Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University, China (SAUF). Key worps—Rhytismataceae, needle blight, taxonomy, ITS rDNA Introduction Lirula Darker is distinguished from other genera of Rhytismataceae by its nervisequious ascomata and ascospore shape (Darker 1967). Initially, six species were recombined in Lirula by Darker (1967): L. abietis-concoloris (Mayr) Darker, L. macrospora (R. Hartig) Darker, L. mirabilis (Darker) Darker, L. nervata (Darker) Darker, L. nervisequa (DC.) Darker, and L. punctata (Darker) Darker. Ziller (1969) described a new species, L. brevispora Ziller on Picea glauca (Moench) Voss from Canada. Kaneko (1993) described L. pakistanensis S. Kaneko on Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle from Pakistan and later (Kaneko 2003) described L. exigua S. Kaneko and L. japonica 840 ... Yang & al. S. Kaneko on Abies mariesii Mast. from Japan. Fan et al. (2012) described L. yunnanensis L. Fan et al. on Abies georgei Orr [= A. forrestii var. georgei (Orr) Farjon] from Yunnan Province, China. The eleven Lirula species usually cause severe needle blight on conifers; two species parasitize Picea, and the others mainly Abies (TaBLE 1). In this paper, we report a new species of Lirula on dead needles of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens [= P. likiangensis var. balfouriana (Rehder & E.H. Wilson) Hillier]. Materials & methods Mature fruitbodies were selected and examined macroscopically under a dissecting microscope at 6-45x magnification and microscopically under a compound microscope at 40-100x magnification (objective lens). The fruitbodies were sectioned by hand; vertical sections were mounted in water for observation of ascomatal and conidiomatal outlines. Gelatinous sheaths surrounding ascospores and paraphyses were examined in water or cotton blue lactophenol. The colours of anatomical structures and ascospore contents were observed in water. All measurements were made using material mounted in water. Total genomic DNA was extracted from ascomata following the operations manual of DNA extraction kit™ (Tiangen, China). The internal transcribed spacer sequences of ribosomal DNA (ITS rDNA) region were amplified with PCR using the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990). PCR was performed in 50-uL reactions including DNA template 5 uL, primer ITS1/ITS4 2 wL, 2x MasterMix 25 uL, and ddH,O 16 uL, under the following parameters: 95 °C for 1 min., 50 °C for 1 min., 72 °C for 1 min., for a total TABLE 1. Hosts of Lirula species. SPECIES Host REFERENCE Darker 1967; Scharpf 1988 Ziller 1969 Kaneko 2003; Fan et al. 2012 L. abietis-concoloris Abies concolor L. brevispora Picea glauca L. exigua Abies mariesii, A. georgei L. japonica L. macrospora L. mirabilis L. nervata L. nervisequa L. pakistanensis L. punctata L. yunnanensis Abies mariesii Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, P. wilsonii, Picea asperata, P. crassifolia, P. jezoensis, P. koraiensis, P. neoveitchii, P. schrenkiana, P. abies, P. glauca, P. pungens Abies balsamea Abies balsamea Abies alba, A. fabri, A. fargesii, A. holophylla, A. forrestii var. smithii, Taxus wallichiana Abies pindrow Abies amabilis, A. balsamea, A. concolor, A. grandis, A. procera, A. mariesii Abies georgei Kaneko 2003; Fan et al. 2012 Darker 1932; Darker 1967; Lin et al. 2012; Scharpf 1988 Darker 1967 Darker 1967 Darker 1967; Lin et al. 2012; Fan et al. 2012 Kaneko 1993 Darker 1967 Fan et al. 2012 Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 841 of 35 cycles followed by a final extension step at 72 °C for 5 min. The PCR products detected by gel electrophoresis were sent to Invitrogen Biotechnology (Guangzhou, China) for purification and sequencing. The ITS rDNA sequences were aligned with ClustalW 1.8 (Thompson et al. 1997); sections of the sequences longer than the sequence of new species were excluded from the analysis. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was generated with MEGA5.1 software (Tamura et al. 2011), and branch stability was estimated with 1000 bootstrap pseudo- replicates calculated with Kimura's two-parameter model (Kimura 1980). Other ITS rDNA sequences used in this study were downloaded from GenBank (TaBLE 2). The newly generated sequences were deposited in GenBank. TABLE 2. ITS rDNA sequences of the species used in the study and their GenBank accession numbers. The holotype of L. sichuanensis is indicated as [HT]. SPECIES VOUCHER GENBANK No. REFERENCE Lirula macrospora AF462440 NCBI AF462441 NCBI Lirula yunnanensis HQ902156 Fan et al. 2012 Lirula exigua HQ902157 Fan et al. 2012 HQ902154 Fan et al. 2012 HQ902155 Fan et al. 2012 Lirula sichuanensis SAUF1605001 [HT] KY399845 This paper SAUF1606001 KY399846 This paper Lophodermium conigenum AY422489 Pan et al. 2006 Lophodermium australe KM106810 Oono et al. 2014 KM106812 Oono et al. 2014 Lophodermium indianum KF636510 NCBI KF636502 NCBI Rhytisma panamense GQ253102 Hou et al. 2010 Rhizosphaera kalkhofhi KM435342 Azeem et al. 2015 JQ353721 You et al. 2013 Taxonomy Lirula sichuanensis X.L. Xu, C.L. Yang & Y.G. Liu, sp. nov. FIGs 1-12 MycoBank MB 819592 Differs from Lirula macrospora by its larger asci and ascospores, its branched, unswollen (or only slightly swollen) paraphyses, and its hypophyllous conidiomata forming a continuous or interrupted row on both sides of the substrate needle’s stomatal line. Type: China, Sichuan Province, Pingwu County, Yangdonghe Plantation, alt. 2822 m, on needle of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens Rehder & E.H. Wilson (Pinaceae), 5 May 2016, X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang 160504 (Holotype, SAUF1605001; GenBank KY399845). ETtyMoLoGy: sichuanensis, referring to Sichuan Province where the specimens were collected. 842 ... Yang & al. AscoMaTA hypophyllous (occasionally epiphyllous), nervisequious, on previous year dead needles but still attached to a living twig; dull to shining black in surface view, (2-—)4-12(-17) x 0.38-0.6 mm, no perimeter line, variably long and extending at times almost the entire length of the needle; intra-epidermal in median vertical section, 190-330 um deep; strongly raised above the surface of the substrate, opening widely by a single longitudinal split, exposing the canary yellow hymenium. COVERING STROMA conspicuous and well carbonized, no lip cell observed; <96-133 um thick near the ascomal centre, becoming thinner towards the edges and not extending to the basal layer; consisting of an outer layer of host cuticle and epidermal cell remnants, an inner layer of brown to black brown textura angularis with 6-11 um diam. cells, and an innermost layer of colourless to pale brown textura globulosa with 7-12 um diam. cells. HYMENIUM concave to flat, (80-)100-210 um thick. SUBHYMENIUM hyaline, deep concave, composed of hyaline, pseudoparenchymatous cells. BASAL STROMA poorly developed or almost absent. ParApuHysES filiform, straight or curved, longer than asci, 180-240 um long, 2.6-4.2 um thick at the base, multi- septate, tapering towards the tip, 1.4—2.3 um thick, not or only slightly swollen, often branched near the top or in the middle, surrounded by a gelatinous matrix 1.7-2.7 um thick, but not forming an epithecium. Asc clavate, subtruncate at the apex when maturing, tapered below to a short stipe, 105-166 x 16-23 um, J-, 8-spored. Ascosporss cylindrical-clavate, hyaline, arranged in fascicles, 51-90 x 5-7 um, rounded at the apex, tapered towards the base, encased in a conspicuous (3.7-6.6 um thick) hyaline gelatinous sheath. Conip1oMaTA hypophyllous, on both sides of the stomatal lines, forming two continuous or interrupted rows on dead needles attached to living twigs, 110-360 um wide, intra-epidermal in vertical section, 58-65 um deep; concolorous with the substrate or pale brown, appearing as shining blisters, round or ellipse or irregular shape, opening by sparse little ostioles. UPPER WALL absent. BASAL WALL extremely poorly developed. Conip1a hyaline, baculiform, straight or slightly curved, 4-7 x 2 um. ZONE LINES not observed. HABITAT & DISTRIBUTION: Producing conidiomata and ascomata on dead needles still attached to living twigs. Known only from Sichuan Province, China. Fics. 1-8. Lirula sichuanensis (holotype, SAUF1605001) sexual stage on Picea needles. 1. Ascomata observed under the dissecting microscope. 2. Ascoma in vertical section. 3. Covering stroma near the centre of ascoma in vertical section. 4. Asci and paraphyses. 5. Paraphysis bases and a young ascus. 6. Paraphysis tips. 7. Ascus containing eight ascospores. 8. A single released ascospore. 843 Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 844 ... Yang & al. stomata pycnidia Figs. 9-12. Lirula sichuanensis (SAUF1606001) asexual stage on Picea needles. 9. Pycnidia observed under the dissecting microscope. 10. Pycnidium in vertical section. 11. Sporogenous tissue. 12. Conidia. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED—CHINA, SICHUAN PROVINCE, Pingwu County, Yangdonghe Plantation, alt. 2822 m, on Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, 13 June 2016, X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang 160613 (SAUF1606001; GenBank KY399846); GANzI AUTONOMOUS PREFECTURE, Luhuo County, alt. 3240 m, on Picea likiangensis var. rubescens, 30 July 2014, X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang 140730 (SAUF1407001). Discussion Few gene sequences of Lirula are available in GenBank. ITS rDNA sequence analysis clustered L. sichuanensis in an independent lineage with L. macrospora and L. yunnanensis ona branch with 70% bootstrap support apart from L. exigua in a distant clade. Lirula exigua differs from L. sichuanensis, L. macrospora, and L. yunnanensis (Darker 1932, Fan et al. 2012) in its paraphyses not swollen at tips, narrower asci, shorter ascospores, and conidiomata that are scattered and not in continuous rows. Additionally, L. exigua has been observed in needles on dead twigs; the areas of needles with ascomata are whitened and fragile; and the ascomal color and shape are somewhat different (Fan et al. 2012). Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 845 100, Lophodermium indianum KF636510 Lophodermium indianum KF 636502 Lophodermium australe KM106810 ea ae australe KM106812 Lophodermium conigenum AY 422489 Rhytisma panamense GQ253 102 100, Lirila sichuanensis KY399845 Lirula sichuanensis iY 399846 Lirula yunnanensis HQ902156 100, Lirula macrospora AF462440 Lirula macrospora AF 462441 100/-Lirula exigua HQ902154 Lirula exigua HQ902155 93 / | Lirula exiguaHQ902157 100 -Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii JQ353721 Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii KM435342 99 86 0.05 | Fic. 13. Neighbor-joining phylogeny generated from partial ITS sequence analysis of Lirula sichuanensis and related species, using Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii as outgroup. Bootstrap values >80% from 1000 replications are shown on the respective branches. Consequently, L. exigua needs further taxonomic study (including comparison with the type species, L. nervisequa) to establish whether it belongs in Lirula. Lirula sichuanensis differs from other species in its distinctive paraphyses, which are longer and thicker, multi-septate, usually curved, and not to only slightly swollen at the tips (often branched near the middle or the apex) and thicker gelatinous sheath. In addition, the ascospores and gelatinous sheath are thicker, and the conidia are broader. The new species shares a similar habit with L. brevispora and L. macrospora on the needles of Picea spp. (Darker 1932, Ziller 1969) but differs from them by its longer thicker branched paraphyses, conspicuously larger or wider ascospores and gelatinous sheath, and inconspicuous basal stroma. Lirula macrospora differs in its smaller (100-132 x 14-16 um) clavate-cylindric asci, much smaller (56-68 x 2.5-3 um) clavate ascospores, unbranched paraphyses with swollen tips, irregularly scattered or sometimes 2-3 coalescent conidiomata that do not form two continuous or interrupted rows on needles (Darker 1932), much smaller (2.5-4.5 x 1.2-1.5 um) conidia, and sometimes producing trichogynes (Lin et al. 2012). Ascal shape and size of L. sichuanensis is similar to that of L. yunnanensis, which differs by its bluish grey to bluish black ascomata, its narrower ascospores often 846 ... Yang & al. covered by gelatinous caps and a thinner gelatinous sheath, and its bigger, deeper, pale yellowish brown, epiphyllous, nervisequious pycnidia (Fan et al. 2012). Lirula sichuanensis causes serious needle blight of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens in planted forests in Sichuan. It usually infects 1-year-old needles of 20- to 30-year-old trees from May to July and in the following March to May produces ascomata on 2-year-old needles. According to our survey, this disease spreads quickly in planted spruce forests. An overall investigation is needed to understand the scope and area affected by the disease, and this pathogen should be controlled at ecological security level by forestry measures or drug treatment. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Prof. Y.R. Lin and Dr. H.D. Zheng for serving as pre- submission reviewers leading to the improvement of our manuscript and to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for critical review of the manuscript and nomenclature help. This study was supported by the Forest Pest Management and Quarantine Station of Sichuan Province for the Ecological Forest Diseases and Pests Control along the Upper Yangtze River. Literature cited Azeem M, Terenius O, Rajarao GK, Nagahama K, Nordenhem H, Nordlander G, Borg-Karlson AK. 2015. Chemodiversity and biodiversity of fungi associated with the pine weevil Hylobius abietis. Fungal Biology 119(8): 738-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.008 Darker GD. 1932. The Hypodermataceae of conifers. Published by the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 1. 131 p. Darker GD. 1967. A revision of the genera of the Hypodermataceae. Canadian Journal of Botany 45(8): 1399-1444. https://doi.org/10.1139/b67-145 Fan L, Lin YR, Wang S, Hou CL. 2012. Two species of Lirula on Abies from Yunnan, Southwest China. Mycological Progress 11(1): 279-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-011-0747-0 Hou CL, Trampe T, Piepenbring M. 2010. A new species of Rhytisma causes tar spot on Comarostaphylis arbutoides (Ericaceae) in Panama. Mycopathologia 169(3): 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-009-9250-4 Kaneko S. 1993. Parasitic fungi on woody plants from Pakistan Himalaya. Cryptogamic Flora of Pakistan 2(2): 149-168. Kaneko S. 2003. Two new species of Lirula on Abies from Japan. Mycoscience 44(4): 335-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-003-0121-4 Kimura M. 1980. A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16(2): 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581 Lin YR, Liu HY, Hou CL, Wang SJ, Ye M, Huang CL, Xiang Y, Yu SM. 2012. Flora fungorum sinicorum. vol. 40, Rhytismatales [in Chinese]. Science Press, Beijing. Oono R, Lutzoni FE, Arnold AE, Kaye L, U’ren JM, May G, Carbone I. 2014. Genetic variation in horizontally transmitted fungal endophytes of pine needles reveals population structure in cryptic species. American Journal of Botany 101(8): 1362-1374. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400141 Lirula sichuanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 847 Pan X, Liu YG, Zou LK, Peng PH, Chen WD, Liu YG. 2006. Cloning and sequencing of the ITS regions of Lophodermium spp. Biotechnology 16(4): 5-7. Scharpf RF. 1988. Epidemiology of Lirula abietis-concoloris on white fir in California. Plant Disease 72(10): 855-858. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-72-0855 Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G. 2011. MEGAS: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution 28(10): 2731-2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121 Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, 1997. The Clustal X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequences alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 25(24): 4876-4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. 315-322, in: MA Innis et al. (eds.). PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego, Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1 You CJ, Tian CM, Liang YM, Dong XB, Tsui C. 2013. First report of pitch canker disease caused by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii on Pinus sylvestris in China. Plant Disease 97(2): 283. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-12-0166-PDN Ziller WG. 1969. Studies of hypodermataceous needle diseases. II. Lirula brevispora sp. nov., causing needle blight of spruce. Canadian Journal of Botany 47(2): 261-262. https://doi.org/10.1139/b69-037 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 849-855 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.849 Hypoderma rubi on two new hosts in Slovakia MARTIN PASTIRGAK! & KATARiNA PASTIRCAKOVA” ‘National Agricultural and Food Centre, Plant Production Research Institute, Bratislavskd 122, SK-92168 Piestany, Slovakia *Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Forest Ecology, Branch for Woody Plant Biology, Akademickd 2, SK-94901 Nitra, Slovakia “ CORRESPONDENCE TO: uefezima@hotmail.com ABSTRACT—Hypoderma rubi was found on the previous year’s fallen petioles of Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla and on attached dead twigs of Rhododendron fortunei in Slovakia. The fungus, which is recorded for the first time on these host taxa, also represents a new taxon for the Slovak mycota. The morphological characteristics of the fungus found on Slovak collections are described. Key worps—Chinese ash, Fortune's rhododendron, morphology, Rhytismataceae, Rhytismatales Introduction Hypoderma rubi, the type and best-known species of Hypoderma (Rhytismataceae, Rhytismatales), occurs on a large number of herbaceous and woody plant genera and has an extensive geographical distribution. According to Farr & Rossman (2017), most records are from Asia (China, India), although the fungus has also been recorded in New Zealand, North America (USA), Central America (Panama), and Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom). European findings of the fungus are mainly on the type host genus Rubus L. (Hilitzer 1929, Lotz- Winter et al. 2011, Moreno et al. 2004, Eriksson 2014, Lantz et al. 2011, Dudka et al. 2004, Cannon et al. 1985). There are also some specimens of H. rubi from other European countries (Channel Islands, Italy, Norway), Asia (Japan), South America (Chile), and Africa (Malawi) in the K & IMI 850 ... Pastiréak & Pastircakova fungaria (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) that have not yet been formally published. In 2015, during a survey of the mycota of trees and shrubs in Mlynany Arboretum of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, two collections of H. rubi were made. This species is not listed in the checklist of fungi of Slovakia (Lizon & Bacigalova 1998), and there are no previous records of it in Slovakia. Petrak’s records of H. rubi on Rubus spp. (deposited in international herbaria, e.g. BPI, IMI, K) collected in the former Czechoslovakia, originate in the territory of Czech Republic. This paper presents, therefore, the first collections of H. rubi from Slovakia, and the first on Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla (Hance) A.E. Murray and Rhododendron fortunei Lindl. A description and illustrations of the fungus based on the Slovak collections are provided. Materials & methods The previous year’s petioles of FE. chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla and attached dead twigs of R. fortunei were collected in the Mlyhany Arboretum (south-west of Slovakia) in autumn 2015. The specimens were examined using an Olympus SZ61 stereomicroscope and Olympus BX51 standard light microscope. Morphological and microscopic examinations were carried out on dried material rehydrated in water. Lactophenol blue solution (Merck, Darmstadt) was used to stain hyaline structures. The morphological structures of the fungus were photographed using an Olympus SP350 digital camera. We compared our measurements with previously published descriptions. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Plant Pathology Herbarium of the Institute of Forest Ecology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Nitra, Slovakia (NR). Taxonomy Hypoderma rubi (Pers.) DC. ex Chevall., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. Arts. 94: 31 (1822) FIGURE 1 = Hypoderma virgultorum DC., Fl. Frang., Ed. 3, 6: 165 (1815), nom. illeg. = Hypoderma commune (Fr.) Duby, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 16: 53 (1861) HyYSTEROTHECIA embedded in the previous year’s fallen Chinese ash petioles and in paler portions of Fortune’s rhododendron twigs, abundant, subcuticular, black, elliptical to elongated-elliptical, raising the substrate surface, (0.4—)0.8-2.7 x 0.3-0.6 mm, opening by a single longitudinal split, lips grey, clypeus thickened towards the lips. Lip cELLs hyaline, 14-20.5 x 2.5-3.5 um. Asci unitunicate, clavate, long-stalked, (75-)90-125 x 10-14.5 um, 8-spored. Ascospores hyaline, aseptate, guttulate, elongated- New hosts for Hypoderma rubi (Slovakia) ... 851 FiGuRE 1. Hypoderma rubi (A, C-H = NR 5477; B, I-L = NR 5478). A: Hysterothecia, pycnidia and zone lines on Fraxinus petiole; B: Hysterothecia on Rhododendron twig; C: Mature hysterothecium (surface view); D: Hysterothecium in vertical section; E: Lip cells; F: Asci with ascospores; G: Paraphyses; H: Ascospores; I: Pycnidia (surface view); J: Pycnidium (detail of surface appearance); K: Conidiogenous cells with conidia; L: Conidia. Scale bars: A, B = 1 mm; C=0.5 mm; D = 100 um; E, H, K =5 um; F G= 10 um; I = 200 um; J = 50 um; L = 2 um. clavate to cylindrical, bent towards the top end, 18-25 x 2.5-3.5 um, usually not covered by a gelatinous sheath but sometimes clad in a thin sheath. 852 ... Pastiréak & Pastircakova TABLE 1. Biometric characteristics of Hypoderma rubi from the Slovak material and as reported by other authors. MoRPHOLOGY CANNON & MINTER (1986) JOHNSTON (1990) SLOVAK MATERIAL Hysterothecia (mm) 1.4-2.5(-3.0) x 0.5-0.75 0.8-3.0 x 0.3-0.6 (0.4-)0.8-2.7 x 0.3-0.6 Asci (um) 87-130 x 12-14.5 110-160 x 11-14 (75-)90-125 x 10-14.5 Ascospores (um) (16—)20-24(-30) x 2.5-3.5 15-28 x 2.5-5.5 18-25 x 2.5-3.5 Pycnidia (um diam.) 75-250(-300) 100-300 (80-)105-220 Conidia (um) 2-4 x 0.75-1 3-5 x 1-1.5 2-4x1 PARAPHYSES hyaline, filiform, septate, branched or unbranched, not swollen at the apex, as long as mature asci, covered by a gelatinous sheath. PYCNIDIA subcuticular, black, circular, (80-)105-220 um diam., opening by 1-2 small central ostioles, accompanying the hysterothecia. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS cylindrical, tapering towards the apex, hyaline, 7-12 x 1-2 um. ConipiIA cylindrical, sometimes allantoid, hyaline, aseptate, 2-4 x 1 um. ZONE LINES black, thin. SPECIMENS EXAMINED—SLOVAKIA. ViEsKA NAD ZiITAvou, Mlynhany Arboretum, 48.3203°N 18.3668°E, on the previous year’s petioles of Fraxinus chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla (Oleaceae), 2 Oct. 2015, leg. et det. K. Pastir¢éakova (NR 5477); 48.3208°N 18.3692°E, on dead attached twigs of Rhododendron fortunei (Ericaceae), 9 Nov. 2015, leg. et det. M. Pastircak (NR 5478). The fungus was identified as Hypoderma rubi based on morphological description and measurements of reproductive structures. A comparison of some biometric characteristics of H. rubi on Rubus sp. (Cannon & Minter 1986), on different host plants Johnston 1990), and of the Slovak material is given in TABLE 1. Morphometric data of the Slovak collections correspond well to previously published descriptions. Although ascospores usually are not covered by a gelatinous sheath, a thin sheath was often observed after staining (Fic. 1H). Hou et al. (2007) also recorded H. rubi on Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. (Cupressaceae) with ascospores clad in a thin gelatinous sheath. The findings of H. rubi on F. chinensis subsp. rhynchophylla and R. fortunei from Slovakia represent the first records of the fungus in the country and new host taxa for the fungus. Discussion Rubus is the principal host genus on which Hypoderma rubi is most commonly collected (Minter 1984). However, according to Farr & Rossman New hosts for Hypoderma rubi (Slovakia) ... 853 (2017), H. rubi has been recorded on leaves, stems, and petioles of species representing 35 host genera in 27 families. The species therefore seems to be widely plurivorous, although Cannon & Minter (1986), who doubt the conspecificity of the fungi on these hosts, suggest that numerous taxa may be involved. According to Lantieri et al. (2011), the genetic relationships amongst specimens identified as H. rubi are poorly resolved and the application of this name by different authors is uncertain. There are as yet very few molecular data available for H. rubi and from only a few hosts (Lantieri et al. 2011, Lantz et al. 2011). A comprehensive phylogenetic study is necessary to determine their identity and relationships. Hypoderma rubi on Rhododendron sp. has been recorded in Europe (Wales; Smith 1951) and Asia (Malaysia; Spooner 1991). In China, four other Hypoderma species are known on Rhododendron spp.: H. rhododendri-mariesii Y.R. Lin & S.J. Wang on R. mariesii Hemsl. & E.H. Wilson (Lin et al. 2004), H. cuspidatum C.L. Hou & M. Piepenbr., H. shiqii C.L. Hou & M. Piepenbr., and H. urniforme C.L. Hou & M. Piepenbr. on Rhododendron sp. (Hou & Piepenbring 2006, Hou et al. 2007). They differ from H. rubi mainly by the shape and position of their hysterothecia as well as ascospore characteristics. Hypoderma rhododendri-mariesii has smaller (<860 um long) hysterothecia, asci with cylindric-fusiform ascospores, and shorter ((9—)11-17 um) ascospores; H. cuspidatum has intraepidermal hysterothecia with acute ends, ascospores with thick gelatinous sheaths, and unbranched paraphyses; H. shiqii has intraepidermal hysterothecia without lips that often open with one slit and additional lateral fissures, clavate asci with bifusiform ascospores, and ascospores with thick gelatinous sheaths; and H. urniforme is characterised by urniform, intraepidermal hysterothecia with red-brown lips and almost cylindrical asci with ellipsoidal to long- ellipsoidal ascospores with irregular gelatinous sheaths. H. cuspidatum, H. shigii, and H. urniforme often occur together on the same twigs (Hou et al. 2007). On-line databases of the British Mycological Society (Fungal Records Database of Britain and Ireland, http://www.fieldmycology.net) and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Herb. IMI database, http://www.herbimi.info) include data on fungarium specimens of H. rubi on dead fallen leaves and dead attached twigs of Rhododendron ponticum L., R. sinogrande Balf. f. & W.W. Sm. and R. sp. from Scotland (IMI 358124b, 358144, 358155, 358157, 358158a); and on dead fallen petioles of Fraxinus excelsior L. from England (IMI 339025, K(M)160355). These records are evidently not yet published. 854 ... Pastiréak & Pastircakova In the USA, Hanlin (1963) recorded Hypoderma commune on Fraxinus americana L.; however Powell (1974) treated H. commune as a synonym of H. rubi. Based on the available literature and electronic resources, we consider that only one Hypoderma species, H. rubi, has been recorded on Fraxinus. Acknowledgments We sincerely thank Roger T.A. Cook (UK) and Brian M. Spooner (UK) for kindly correcting the English and for their valuable comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. The authors are also indebted to Peter R. Johnston (Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand) and Hyeon-Dong Shin (Korea University, Seoul, South Korea) for critical comments on the manuscript and for acting as peer-reviewers. This study was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and of Slovak Academy of Sciences, projects VEGA No. 2/0071/14 and No. 2/0183/14. Literature cited Cannon PF, Minter DW. 1986. The Rhytismataceae of the Indian subcontinent. Mycological Papers 155. 123 p. Cannon PF, Hawksworth DL, Sherwood-Pike MA. 1985. The British Ascomycotina: an annotated checklist. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK. Dudka IO, Heluta VP, Tykhonenko YY, Andrianova TV, Hayova VP, Prydiuk MP, Dzhagan VV, Isikov VP. 2004. Fungi of the Crimean Peninsula. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. Eriksson OE. 2014. Checklist of the non-lichenized ascomycetes of Sweden. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 36(2): 499 p. Farr DF, Rossman AY. 2017 [continuously updated]. Fungal Databases. U.S. National Fungus Collection, ARS, USDA. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ [accessed February 2017]. Hanlin RT. 1963. A revision of the ascomycetes of Georgia. Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, Mimeo Series n.s. 175. 65 p. Hilitzer A. 1929. Monograficka studie 0 ¢eskych druzich radu Hysteriales a o sypavkach jimi pusobenych. Etude monographique sur les espéces de lordre Hysteriales, trouvées en Bohéme, et sur les epiphyties qui en sont causées. Védecké spisy CAZ, Prague 3. 162 p. Hou CL, Piepenbring M. 2006. Five new species of Hypoderma (Rhytismatales, Ascomycota) with a key to Hypoderma species known from China. Nova Hedwigia 82(1-2): 91-104. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2006/0082-0091 Hou CL, Lui L, Piepenbring M. 2007. A new species of Hypoderma and description of H. rubi (Ascomycota) from China. Nova Hedwigia 84: 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2007/0084-0487 Johnston PR. 1990. Rhytismataceae in New Zealand 3. The genus Hypoderma. New Zealand Journal of Botany 28(2): 159-183. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1990.10412355 Lantieri A, Johnston PR, Park D, Lantz H, Medardi G. 2011. Hypoderma siculum sp. nov. from Italy. Mycotaxon 118: 393-401. https://doi.org/10.5248/118.393 Lantz H, Johnston PR, Park D, Minter DW. 2011. Molecular phylogeny reveals a core clade of Rhytismatales. Mycologia 103: 57-74. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-060 New hosts for Hypoderma rubi (Slovakia) ... 855 Lin YR, Wang SJ, He YE, Ye GB. 2004. Two new taxa of the genus Hypoderma (Rhytismataceae). Mycosystema 23(1): 11-13. Lizon P, Bacigalova K. 1998. Fungi. 101-227, in: K Marhold, F Hindak (eds.). Checklist of non- vascular and vascular plants of Slovakia. Bratislava, Veda. Lotz-Winter H, Hofmann T, Kirschner R, Kursawe M, Trampe T, Piepenbring M. 2011. Fungi in the Botanical Garden of the University of Frankfurt. Zeitschrift fiir Mykologie 77: 89-122. Minter DW. 1984. Hypoderma rubi. CMI Description of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 781. 2 p. Moreno G, Galan R, Llarandi E, Raitviir A. 2004. Estudio de los hongos que fructifican en el Parque Nacional de Cabanferos (Ciudad Real). Boletin de la Sociedad Micoldgica de Madrid 28: 229-269. Powell PE. 1974. Taxonomic studies in the genus Hypoderma (Rhytismataceae). PhD dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca. Smith G. 1951. The Bangor Foray. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 34(2): 250- 256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(51)80020-2 Spooner BM. 1991. Lophodermium and Hypoderma (Rhytismatales) from Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah. Kew Bulletin 46(1): 73-100. https://doi.org/10.2307/4110745 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 857-865 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.857 New reports of Myriospora (Acarosporaceae) from Europe KERRY KNUDSEN’, JANA KOCOURKOVA' & ULF SCHIEFELBEIN” " Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Ecology, Kamycka 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ-165 21, Czech Republic ? Bliicherstrafse 71, D- 18055 Rostock, Germany * CORRESPONDENCE TO: knudsen@fzp.czu.cz ABsTRACT—Myriospora dilatata is newly reported for the Czech Republic and M. myochroa new for Italy. Myriospora rufescens was rediscovered in Germany almost 100 years after its first collection. A neotype is designated for Acarospora fusca, which is recognized as a synonym of M. rufescens. Key worps—Mpyriospora hassei, Silobia, Trimmatothelopsis Introduction The genus Myriospora in the Acarosporaceae is a well-supported clade distinguished by a constellation of morphological characters (non-lecideine apothecia, high hymenium, thin paraphyses, interrupted algal layer, short conidia, no secondary metabolites or norstictic acid) (Wedin et al. 2009; Westberg et al. 2011, 2015). The genus currently contains 12 species that occur in Antarctica, Asia, Europe, and North and South America (Knudsen 2011, Westberg et al. 2011, Knudsen et al. 2012, Knudsen & Bungartz 2014, Schiefelbein et al. 2015, Purvis et al. in press). Myriospora fulvoviridula (Harm.) Cl. Roux is a synonym of M. scabrida (H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & Arcadia (Knudsen et al. 2017, Roux et al. 2014). The most common species in the genus is M. smaragdula (Wahlenb.) Nageli ex Uloth, which occurs in Asia, Europe, North and South America (Magnusson 1929, Knudsen 2007, Westberg et al. 2011, Knudsen et al. 2012). The center of diversity of the genus appears to be in Europe where nine species occur. The genus was originally treated as Silobia 858 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein (Westberg et al. 2011, Knudsen 2011) and briefly as Trimmatothelopsis [(Roux & Navarro-Rosinés 2011); for a current circumscription of Trimmatothelopsis see Knudsen & Lendemer 2016]. It is now treated under its oldest available name Myriospora (Arcadia & Knudsen 2012). While the reported diversity of Acarosporaceae is high in Europe (Magnusson 1929, 1956), no species is particularly frequent except for Acarospora fuscata (Schrad.) Arnold. It is not unusual to collect all day on rocks and soil in the Czech Republic, Germany, or the Italian Alps and only find one or two species of Acarosporaceae besides A. fuscata. Because of this diversity of taxa and infrequency of populations, not to mention problems identifying many species, there are possibilities for new discoveries. In this paper, we report three new records of Myriospora species in Europe. Materials & methods Myriospora specimens from institutional herbaria (PRM, STU, TBS, UCR, UPS) and personal herbaria of Jana Kocourkova and Kerry Knudsen (hb. K & K) and Ulf Schiefelbein (hb. Schiefelbein) were determined using key and descriptions by Westberg et al. (2011). They were analyzed with standard microscopy and spot tests (Nash et al. 2002). Undiluted fresh Lugol's solution (Merck) was used to test amyloid reactions of the hymenium and subhymenium. The description of M. rufescens according to Westberg et al. (2011) was revised. Jana Kocourkova photographed M. rufescens using a digital camera Olympus DP72 attached to an Olympus SZX7 Stereomicroscope and Olympus BX51 fitted with a Nomarski differential interference contrast and image stacks processed with software Olympus Deep Focus 3.1. Taxonomy Myriospora dilatata (M. Westb. & Wedin) K. Knudsen & Arcadia, Opusc. Philolich. 11:21, 2012. = Silobia dilatata M. Westb. & Wedin, Lichenologist 43(1): 12, 2011. Type: Sweden. Torne Lappmark. Jukkasjarvi par., Tornehamn, shore of Lake Tornetrask, on silicate rock, 3 Sept. 2006, E. Baloch SW116 (S [n.v.], holotype). =Trimmatothelopsis dilatata (M. Westb. & Wedin) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 62: 176, 2011. DESCRIPTION. See Westberg et al. (2011, as Silobia dilatata). For pictures see Westberg et al. (2011) and Wirth et al. (2013). EcoLocy & DISTRIBUTION. Ferrophilous, heavy metal tolerant, often in moist habitats near streams. Czech Republic (Bohemia), Germany (Wirth et al. 2011, 2013), Norway (Westberg et al. 2011), Sweden (Westberg et al. 2011). SPECIMEN EXAMINED. CZECH REPUBLIC. NorRTHERN BOHEMIA. Krkonoése Mts, Snézka Mt., SSE of former mine ‘Kovarna, 50°43’35”N 15°43’58.7’E, alt. 1075 m, humid New Myriospora reports for Europe ... 859 lower edge of boulder scree, mica-schist outcrop enriched of heavy metals (copper ores and arsenopyrite), 8 Sept. 2016, J. Kocourkova 9083 & K. Knudsen (hb. K & K). Discussion. Myriospora dilatata is easily identified among Myriospora by its orange to reddish areoles, non-punctiform apothecia, lack of secondary metabolites, and occurrence on substrates rich in iron and other heavy metals (Westberg et al. 2011). The species is reported as rare in Bohemia in the Czech Republic. In the KrkonosSe Mountains M. dilatata was growing on a mica- schist outcrop enriched with heavy metals (copper ores and arsenopyrite) in a relatively moist habitat with abandoned mining pits. In these same mountains, the often red-powdered ferrophilous species Acarospora sinopica (Wahlenb.) Korb. is common (hb. K & K) and there have been several collections by Zdenék Palice (PRA) and V. Kutak (PRM) of the orange ferrophilous species M. tangerina (M. Westb. & Wedin) K. Knudsen & Arcadia (Westberg et al. 2011, Knudsen et al. 2017). Punctiform apothecia easily distinguish A. sinopica from M. dilatata with its areoles with dilated apothecia. With difficult specimens the full description and discussion of A. sinopica in Magnusson (1929) is informative. Punctiform apothecia also distinguish M. tangerina from M. dilatata as well as large squamules. An apparently cryptic ferrophilous taxon of Myriospora, similar in appearance to M. dilatata and sometimes identified as Acarospora smaragdula f. subochracea H. Magn., was reported in an unpublished molecular analysis of specimens from the Alps but not yet described (Westberg et al. 2011). This report extends the range of M. dilatata from Fennoscandia to Central Europe. Myriospora myochroa (M. Westb.) K. Knudsen & Arcadia, Opusc. Philolich. 11:22, 2012. = Silobia myochroa M. Westb., Lichenologist 43(1): 14, 2011. Type: Sweden. Bohuslan. Orust, Morlanda Parish, near car park at Stocken, grid ref: (RT90) 6456258 1241653, c. 1 m, on the vertical surface of a SW-facing rock, 16 Sept. 2003, A. Crewe & O. W. Purvis 719 (S [n.v.], holotype). = Trimmatothelopsis myochroa (M. Westb.) Cl. Roux & Nav.- Ros., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 62: 176, 2011. DESCRIPTION. For description and pictures Westberg et al. (2011, as Silobia myochroa). For picture and map of Italian distribution, see Nimis & Martellos (2017). ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION. Asia, Europe. Often on silicate rock underhangs at low to high elevations. In salt spray zone along Atlantic coast. Czech Republic (Malicek & Vondrak 2016), Finland (Westberg et al. 2011), France (Roux et al. 2014), Germany (Wirth et al. 2013, Schiefelbein et al. 2015), Italy, Norway 860 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein (Westberg et al. 2011), Poland (Flakus 2014), Russia (Siberia) (Zhdanov 2013), Sweden (Westberg et al. 2011). SELECTED SPECIMEN EXAMINED. ITALY. FRIULI. Giogaia dei Fleors: sen tiero vs la cima, 2406 m, in silicate rock underhang, 17 Aug. 1996, M. Tretiach 24565 (TBS). Discussion. Our discovery of specimens of Myriospora myochroa in TBS extends the species range into Italy. If spot tests are negative and crystals of norstictic acid are not observed in the cortex with polarized light, M. myochroa is sometimes misidentified as M. hassei (Herre) K. Knudsen & Arcadia, a species we currently consider endemic to the Pacific Plate Lichen Bioregion on the south and central coast of California (Knudsen 2011, Knudsen & Bungartz 2014, Nimis 2016, Nimis & Martellos 2017). Myriospora rufescens (Ach.) Hepp ex Uloth, Flora 44: 618, 1861. FIG. 1 = Sagedia rufescens Ach., Lichenogr. Univ. 329, 1810. TYPE: Great Britain. England. Turner 23 (H-ACH-980[n.v.]), lectotype (designated in Westberg et al. 2011). = Lecanora rufescens (Ach.) Nyl., Flora 55: 364, 1872. = Acarospora rufescens (Ach.) Kremp., Lich.-Fl. Bayern.: 173 (1861). = Silobia rufescens (Ach.) M. Westb. & Wedin, Lichenologist 43(1): 18, 2011. = Trimmatothelopsis rufescens (Ach.) Cl. Roux & Nav.- Ros., Bull. Soc. Linn. Provence 62: 176, 2011. = Acarospora fusca B. de Lesd., Recherch. Lich. Dunkerque 1(Suppl.): 100, 1914, syn. nov. Type: France. Dunkerque. Malo Terminus, dunes, 1910, B. des Lesdain s.n. (holotype [n.v.]. Presumed lost in bombing of Dunkirk in WwW2). Germany. Mecklenburg. West Pomerania, Vorpommern-Greifswald, Greifswald, Koos Island, eastern edge of the island, 54°10’13”N 13°25’19’E, c. 1 m, on single boulder on boulder beach, 6 Aug. 2004, U. Schiefelbein 4446 (Neotype designated here, NY; isoneotype, hb. Schiefelbein). HyPoTHALLus endosubstratic, I-. THattus epilithic, areolate, areoles verruciform [areoles with an immersed apothecium dilating until the thallus is reduced to a thalline margin around the disc and often resembling Lecanora apothecia and/or areoles not verruciform, rounded to angular, 0.4-0.9(-1.5) mm diam., on smooth surfaces forming a contiguous indeterminate crust, becoming dispersed on uneven rock surface, replicating by the division of the areoles, the upper surface dark grey to dark greyish or reddish brown, epruinose, smooth to rugulose, flat to somewhat convex, lower surface broadly attached, epicortical layer lacking, upper cortex (10—)40-60 um thick, paraplectenchymatous but individual cells difficult to distinguish, <5 um diam. Algal layer with or without distinct interruption by thin hyphal bundles, ca. 100 um tall, continuous beneath apothecia. Medulla continuous with attaching New Myriospora reports for Europe ... 861 Fig. 1. Myriospora rufescens (Acarospora fusca neotype, Schiefelbein 4446): A. Dispersed areoles of the thallus with solitary apothecia; B. Areoles with mostly solitary apothecia forming a contiguous indeterminate crust; C. Apothecia 1-(2-4) per areole in contiguous crust; D. Vertical section of ascoma. Scale bars: A~C = 500 um; D = 100 um. 862 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein hyphae, mostly 2-3 um wide, mixed with substrate particles. APOTHECIA 1-(2-4) per areole, immersed, disc rounded, 0.07-0.25(-0.60) mm diam., reddish brown to blackening, flat, smooth or rough, epruinose, parathecium colorless in section, ca. 15 um below the hymenium, expanding up to 60 um near the surface, uppermost cells with dark brown caps, forming an indistinct perithecial crown concolorous with the thallus or becoming blacker, epihymenium reddish brown to dark brown. HyMENtuM (100-)120-140(-160) tum tall (as low as 85 um per Magnusson 1929), I- red. PARAPHYSES 1-1.5 um wide at midlevel, sparsely branched, tips cylindrical to clavate, widened to 2.5 um, asci up to 150 x 27 um. AscosporeEs narrowly ellipsoid to bacilliform, 3-6 x (1-)1.5(-2) um. SUBHYMENIUM opaque, (20-)40-55 um tall inspersed with oil drops, I+ blue. Pycnip1A not observed. ECOLOGY & DISTRIBUTION. Usually on smooth or rough surfaces of silicate rock. Czech Republic (Magnusson 1929), France (Roux et al. 2014), Germany (Magnusson 1929, Westberg et al. 2011), Norway (Westberg et al. 2011), Sweden (Westberg et al. 2011), United Kingdom (Magnusson 1929, Fletcher et al. 2009, Westberg et al. 2011). OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED. GERMANY. Lower Saxony. District Stade, NefSsand island: c. 250 m W of the Inselwarthaus, 53°33’20’N 9°45’25’E, c. 5 m, acidophilous, nutrient-poor grassland with single shrubs, on siliceous stone in the grass, 26 Sept. 2015, U. Schiefelbein 4415, (hb. Schiefelbein); c. 200 m S of the Inselwarthaus, 53°33’15”N 9°45’40”E, c. 5 m, pile of stone in a nutrient-poor grassland, forming large patch on siliceous boulder, 26 Sept. 2015, U. Schiefelbein 4416 (hb. Schiefelbein). Discussion. Myriospora rufescens is distinguished from other members of the genus by its small (<0.5 mm diam.) apothecia with a relatively short (usually 120-140 um) hymenium with thin paraphyses and tall subhymenium inspersed with oil drops (Westberg et al. 2011). As in M. dilatata, the apothecia are not punctiform but dilated, often forming verruciform areoles reminiscent of Lecanora apothecia. Magnusson (1929) considered Acarospora rufescens and A. fusca to represent distinct species, but we consider them conspecific, representing two different morphotypes that can intergrade even in the same population. Thus in Magnusson (1929), A. rufescens was the morphotype with verruciform areoles often resembling Lecanora apothecia (see Fic. 14 and also lectotype photo in Westberg et al. 2011) while A. fusca represented the morphotype with mostly contiguous non-verruciform areoles, often with two or more apothecia and usually forming a thin indeterminate crust (Fic. 1B,c). The holotype of A. fusca in Bouly de Lesdain’s herbarium is presumed to have been lost in World War II during the 1940 bombing of Dunkirk, as were many other specimens cited by New Myriospora reports for Europe ... 863 = = oe pate Le Se ae = eS — > — = : to Fig. 2. Acarospora fusca neotype locality on boulder beach in Koos Island, Mecklenburg, Germany. Magnusson in his Acarospora monograph (Magnusson 1929, Abbeyes 1966). The only recorded collection of M. rufescens in Germany was made in Anhalt, Bernburg, by G.H. Zschacke in 1907 (Magnusson 1929, Westberg et al. 2011, Wirth et al. 2013). This German collection of M. rufescens was identified as A. fusca (Magnusson 1929). We designate a modern collection by Ulf Schiefelbein from Koos Island in Germany as the neotype of A. fusca, deposit it in NY, and formally recognize A. fusca as a synonym of M. rufescens. It has been over 100 years since M. rufescens was last collected in Germany in 1907. A return trip to Koos Island revealed no additional M. rufescens on the other rocks along the shore. Myriospora rufescens is a small species that can be overlooked, especially in a mixed saxicolous community. The three 21st century German collections suggest that M. rufescens prefers microhabitats with high annual relative humidity. The neotype locality for Acarospora fusca on Koos Island is a boulder beach on the western edge of Greifswalder Bodden, a bay of the Baltic Sea (Fic. 2). The neotype population occurred on the top of a large boulder that was not usually inundated but regularly sprayed by waves of brackish water, leaving salt crystals embedded in the cortex and apothecia. The two other modern German sites for M. rufescens were on the small narrow island of Nefsand, located just downstream from Hamburg at the mouth of Elbe River. 864 ... Knudsen, Kocourkova & Schiefelbein Acknowledgments We thank our reviewers, J.C. Lendemer (NY) and J. McCarthy, S.J. (Canada). We thank for their assistance P.L. Nimis (TBS) and the curators of PRA, PRM, STU, TBS, UCR, and UPS. The work of Jana Kocourkova and Kerry Knudsen was financially supported by 42900/1312/3166 [Environmental aspects of sustainable development of society], a grant from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague. Literature cited Abbeyes H des. 1966. Le Dr. Maurice Bouly de Lesdain (1869-1965). Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique 34: 370-375. Arcadia L, Knudsen K. 2012. The name Myriospora is available for the Acarospora smaragdula group. Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 19-25. Flakus A. 2014. Porosty piétra turniowego Tatr Polskich [Lichens of the subnival belt of the Polish Tatra Mountains]. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szefera, Krakow. 280 p. Fletcher A, James PW, Purvis OW. 2009. Acarospora A. Massal. (1852). 125-132, in: CW Smith et al. (eds). The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, 2nd ed. British Lichen Society, London. Knudsen K. 2007. Acarospora smaragdula in North America. Evansia 24(4): 94-96. https://doi.org/10.1639/0747-9859-24.4.94 Knudsen K. 2011. A new member of the genus Silobia (Acarosporaceae) from North America. Opuscula Philolichenum 9: 27-30. Knudsen K, Bungartz F. 2014. Myriospora westbergii (Acarosporaceae), a new discovery from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Opuscula Philolichenum 13: 177-183. Knudsen K, Lendemer JC. 2016. A new perspective on Melanophloea, Thelocarpella and Trimmatothelopsis: species previously placed in multiple families are united within a single genus in the Acarosporaceae. Bryologist 119(3): 266-279. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745-119.3.266 Knudsen K, Flakus A, Kukwa M. 2012. A contribution to the study of Acarosporaceae in South America. Lichenologist 44(2): 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000703 Knudsen K, Kocourkova J, Lendemer JC. 2017. Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula is a synonym of Myriospora scabrida. Opuscula Philolichenum 16: 312-316. Magnusson AH. 1929. A monograph of the genus Acarospora. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar, ser. 3, 7(4):1-400p. Magnusson AH. 1956. A second supplement to the monograph of Acarospora with keys. Géteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, ser. B, 6(17): 1-34. Malicek J, Vondrak J. 2016. Interesting records of lichens in the Middle Vltava Region II. - saxicolous species. Bryonora 58: 46-65. Nash II TH, Ryan B.D., Gries C, Bungartz F. 2002. Lichen of the Great Sonoran Desert Region, vol. 1. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. 532 p. Nimis PL. 2016. The lichens of Italy. A second annotated catalogue. EUT, Trieste. 740 p. Nimis PL, Martellos S. 2017. ITALIC 5, the information system on Italian lichens. Trieste: University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology, http://dryades.units.it/italic/. Accessed Feb. 2017. Purvis O, Fernandez-Brime S, Westberg M, Wedin M. In press. Myriospora, a genus newly reported for Antarctica with a world-wide key to the species. The Lichenologist. Roux C, Navarro-Rosinés P. 2011. Trimmatothelopsis (Acarosporaceae, Ascomycota lichenisati), le nom légitime de Silobia. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Provence 62: 167-187. New Myriospora reports for Europe ... 865 Roux C et al. 2014. Catalogue des lichens et champignons lichénicoles de France métropolitaine [Catalog of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the mainland of France]. Henry des Abbayes, Fougeres. 1525 p. Schiefelbein U, Dolnik C, Westberg M. 2015. The lichen genus Myriospora in the Baltic coastal zone of Germany. Graphis Scripta 27(1/2): 27-32. Wedin M, Westberg M, Crewe AT, Tehler A, Purvis OW. 2009. Species delimitation and evolution of metal bioaccumulation in the lichenized Acarospora smaragdula (Ascomycota, Fungi) complex. Cladistics 25: 161-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00240.x Westberg M, Crewe AT, Purvis OW, Wedin M. 2011. Silobia, a new genus for the Acarospora smaragdula complex (Ascomycota, Acarosporales) and a revision of the group in Sweden. Lichenologist 43(1): 7-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282910000617 Westberg M, Millanes AM, Knudsen K, Wedin M. 2015. Phylogeny of the Acarosporaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi) and the evolution of carbonized ascomata. Fungal Diversity 73: 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0325-x Wirth V, Vondrak J, de Bruyn U, Hauck M. 2011. Erstnachweise von Flechtenarten ftir Deutschland und Frankreich. Herzogia 24: 155-158. https://doi.org/10.13158/heia.24.1.2011.155 Wirth V, Hauck M, Schultz M. 2013. Die Flechten Deutschlands. Umber, Stuttgart, Germany. 1244 p. Zhdanov IS. 2013. Additions to the lichen flora of Central Siberian Biosphere Reserve (Krasnoyarsk Territory). Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium [Academia Scientiarum Rossica] 47: 200-214. MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 867-874 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.867 Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. from southern China WEI-Li Lru’, TaAr-MIN Xv’, SHAN SHEN’, XIANG-Fu Liu’, YANG SUN' & CHANG-LIN ZHAO** ‘College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, ? College of Life Sciences & * Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P.R. China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: fungichanglinz@163.com ABSTRACT—A new polypore, Perenniporia puerensis, collected from Yunnan province, southern China, is described and illustrated based on four collections using morphology- based methods. Macroscopically, the new species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with a yellow to ochraceous pore surface, and 4-6 pores per mm. Microscopically, it has a dimitic hyphal system with non-dextrinoid and cyanophilous skeletal hyphae that are encrusted with pale-yellow crystals, and basidiospores that are ovoid to subglobose, thick-walled, non-dextrinoid, cyanophilous, and 4.3-5.5 x 3.7-4.7 um. Key worps— Basidiomycota, Polyporaceae, Polyporales, taxonomy, white rot fungus Introduction Perenniporia Murrill is a large, cosmopolitan genus characterized by poroid basidiomata and basidiospores that are thick-walled, ellipsoid to distinctly truncate, cyanophilous and variably dextrinoid and amyloid. The hyphal system in Perenniporia is di- or trimitic with clamp connections on the generative hyphae and vegetative hyphae that are cyanophilous and variably dextrinoid or amyloid (Decock & Stalpers 2006). Approximately one hundred species have been described in or transferred to the genus (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987; Decock & Ryvarden 1999; Hattori & Lee 1999; Decock et al. 2001; Nuftez & Ryvarden 2001; Choeyklin et al. 2009; Cui & Zhao 2012; Zhao & Cui 2013a,b; Zhao et al. 2013; Ryvarden & Melo 2014; Jang et al. 2015; Decock 2016). 868 ... Liu & al. Phylogenetic studies of Perenniporia s.]. inferred from nuclear ribosomal LSU and ITS DNA sequence data well support several monophyletic groups that can be recognized as distinct genera (Robledo et al. 2009; Zhao & Cui 2013a,b; Zhao et al. 2013) within the polyporoid clade. Fifty Perenniporia species have been recorded during recent taxonomic surveys in China (Dai et al. 2002, 2015; Dai 2012), including several new species (Cui et al. 2007; Xiong et al. 2008; Dai 2010; Dai et al. 2011; Cui & Zhao 2012; Zhao & Cui 2012, 2013a,b; Zhao et al. 2013, 2014). During one such recent survey, we identified an undescribed species matching the concept of Perenniporia. Materials & methods Cited specimens are deposited at the herbarium of Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China (SWFC). Microscopical protocols follow Dai (2012). Sections were examined at magnifications up to 1000x using a Nikon Eclipse E 80i microscope and phase contrast illumination. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. Microscopic features, measurements, and drawings were made from slide preparations stained with Cotton Blue and Melzer’s reagent. Spores were measured from sections cut from the tubes. To present spore size variations, 5% of measurements were excluded from each end of the range, and extreme values are given in parentheses. In the text the following abbreviations are used: M = Melzer’s reagent, M- = both inamyloid and nondextrinoid, KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, CB = Cotton Blue, CB+ = cyanophilous, L = mean spore length (arithmetic average of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetic average of all spores), Q = the range of variation in the L/W ratios of n number of basidiospores, n = number of basidiospores measured from the 4 specimens studied. Special color terms follow Petersen (1996). Taxonomy Perenniporia puerensis C.L. Zhao, sp. nov. Fies 1, 2 MycoBank MB 823635 Differs from Perenniporia straminea by its bigger pores and bigger basidiospores, from P. tibetica by its smaller pores and the absence of rhizomorphs; and from P. subacida by its annual growth habit, its non-dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and its truncate basidiospores. Type: China. Yunnan Province: Puer, Laiyanghe Nature Reserve, on a fallen angiosperm trunk, 21 November 2016, CLZhao 606 (Holotype, SWFC 000606). ErymMo.oey: The specific epithet puerensis (Lat.) refers to the locality (Puer) of the type specimen. BASIDIOMATA annual, resupinate, adnate, without odor or taste when fresh, becoming corky upon drying, <5 x 3 cm, 2.5 mm thick at the center. Pore surface cream to buff when fresh, yellow to ochraceous upon drying; pores Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. (China) ... 869 Wap? —_ © , Fy? 7 eal a. % Fic. 1. Perenniporia puerensis (holotype, SWFC 000606): basidiomata. Scale bars = 1 cm. 870 ... Liu & al. C OC 2O C C CO @ VV Cc a 10 ym i NON iN | , ly ) AN'5|! —_—— 7, A= Pm! Fi Cl — < \ \ W : ‘i \ Z 7 iS TE 10 um Fic. 2. Perenniporia puerensis (holotype, SWFC 000606). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia and basidioles; c. Cystidioles; d. Hyphae from trama; e. Hyphae from subiculum. Scale bars: a = 5 um; b-e = 10 um. round to angular, 4-6 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire. Sterile margin narrow, cream, <1 mm wide. Subiculum cream to buff, thin, <0.5 mm thick. Tubes concolorous with pore surface, corky, <2 mm long. HYPHAL STRUCTURE dimitic; generative hyphae with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae M-, CB+; tissues unchanged in KOH and the pale-yellow crystals dissolving in KOH. Perenniporia puerensis sp. nov. (China) ... 871 SUBICULUM generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, frequently branched, 2-3.5 um diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a wide to narrow lumen, frequently branched, interwoven, 2.5-4.5 um diam., encrusted with pale-yellow crystals. TUBE generative hyphae infrequent, hyaline, thin-walled, frequently branched, 2-3 um diam.; skeletal hyphae dominant, hyaline, thick-walled with a wide lumen, frequently branched, interwoven, 2-4 um diam., encrusted with pale-yellow crystals. Cystidia absent, fusoid cystidioles present, hyaline, thin- walled, 10-16 x 2.5-5 um. Basidia barrel-shaped, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 13-18 x 7-10 um; basidioles dominant, mostly pear- shaped, but slightly smaller than basidia. BASIDIOSPORES ovoid to subglobose, either truncate or non-truncate, hyaline, thick-walled, smooth, non-dextrinoid, CB+, (4.1-)4.3-5.5(-5.7) x (3.5-)3.7-4.7(-5.1) um, L = 4.95 um, W = 4.18 um, Q = 1.14-1.21 (n = 120/4). TYPE OF ROT: white rot. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. YUNNAN PROVINCE. Puer: Laiyanghe Nature Reserve, on fallen angiosperm trunk, 21 November 2016, CLZhao 607 (SWFC 000607); CLZhao 608 (SWFC 000608); CLZhao 609 (SWFC 000609). Discussion Four other Perenniporia species were also found with P. puerensis in the same locality (Yunnan province, China): P aridula B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. bannaensis B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao, P. piceicola Y.C. Dai, and P. russeimarginata B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao. Perenniporia aridula is distinguished by its perennial basidiomata and larger basidiospores (6-7 x 5.1-6 um, Zhao et al. 2013); P. bannaensis is distinguished by its smaller pores (6-8 per mm), unbranched skeletal hyphae, and strongly dextrinoid basidiospores (Zhao et al. 2013); P. piceicola differs by larger basidiospores (11-14 x 5.4-7.5 um) and the presence of pyriform cystidia (Dai et al. 2002); and P russeimarginata is separated by its perennial basidiocarps with a white to cream pore surface and the distinct reddish brown sterile margin (Zhao & Cui 2013a). The presence of both truncate and non-truncate basidiospores is reminiscent of two similar Perenniporia species—P. straminea (Bres.) Ryvarden and P. tibetica B.K. Cui & C.L. Zhao: P straminea is distinguished by smaller pores (7-9 per mm) and basidiospores (3-4 x 2.5-3 um; Ryvarden 1988), while P. tibetica differs in its bigger pores (2-3 per mm) and presence of white to cream-colored rhizomorphs (Cui & Zhao 2012). Perenniporia subacida (Peck) Donk, which resembles P. puerensis in pore size (4-6 per mm) and non-dextrinoid basidiospores, is distinguished by its 872 ... Liu & al. perennial basidiocarps, strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, and non-truncate basidiospores (Nufiez & Ryvarden 2001, Ryvarden & Melo 2014). Polypores are an extensively studied group in Basidiomycota (Gilbertson & Ryvarden 1987, Nufiez & Ryvarden 2001, Ryvarden & Melo 2014), but Chinese polypore diversity is still not well known, especially in the subtropics and tropics where many recently described taxa have been collected (Cui & Dai 2008; Cui et al. 2009, 2010, 2011; Du & Cui 2009; Li & Cui 2010; He & Li 2011; Jia & Cui 2011; Yu et al. 2013; Yang & He 2014; Chen et al. 2015). The new species Perenniporia puerensis is also from the subtropics. We anticipate that additional polypore taxa will be found in China after further investigation and molecular analyses. Acknowledgments Special thanks are due to Dr. Sana Jabeen (University of Education, Pakistan) and Jason Karakehian (Harvard University, USA) who reviewed the manuscript. We express our gratitude to Yong-He Li (Yunnan Academy of Biodiversity, Southwest Forestry University) for his support on molecular work and Kai- Yue Luo, Zhen Xu, and Ting Zeng (College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Forestry University) for their collection support. The research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31700023), and the Science Foundation of Southwest Forestry University (Project No. 111715) and the Science and Technology Talent Support Program of Three Areas in Yunnan Province (Project No. 21700329). Literature cited Chen JJ, Shen LL, Dai YC. 2015. Dentipellicula austroafricana sp. nov. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. 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Mycoscience 54: 231-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2012.09.013 Zhao CL, Cui BK, Dai YC. 2013. New species and phylogeny of Perenniporia based on morphological and molecular characters. Fungal Diversity 58: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012- 0177-6 Zhao CL, Shen LL, Cui BK. 2014. Perenniporia cinereofusca sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Mycoscience 55: 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2013.11.006 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 875-879 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.875 Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov. from Lushan Mountain, China X1A0-MEI WANG’, ZI-JIAN ZHAO’, SHAN-SHAN CHEN’, XIAO-MAN LIv’, Hao-Hua LY, X1tu-Guo ZHANG?“ & JI- WEN XIA”® ‘College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China ? Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: “sdau613@163.com, * xiajiwen1@126.com ABSTRACT—Sporidesmiopsis Iushanensis is described and illustrated as a new species from dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Jiangxi Province, China. The fungus is characterized by macronematous conidiophores with apical branches and conidiogenous cells arising from stipe and branches with 6-7-euseptate conidia. A key to Sporidesmiopsis species is provided. Key worps—hyphomycetes, taxonomy, Sordariales Introduction Sporidesmiopsis Subram. & Bhat, established in 1989 with S. malabarica Subram. & Bhat as type species, is distinguished from Sporidesmium Link by its apically branched mononematous conidiophores and conidiogenous cells produced on both stipe and branches (Subramanian & Bhat 1989, Wongsawas et al. 2008). However, S. malabarica was subsequently determined to be a synonym of the earlier Brachysporiella dennisii J.L. Crane & Dumont, which was transferred to Sporidesmiopsis as S. dennisii (J.L. Crane & Dumont) Bhat et al. (Bhat & Kendrick 1993). Five other species have been described in the genus: S. goanensis Bhat & W.B. Kendr., S. guangxiensis J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, S. malloti J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, S. pluriseptata J.S. Monteiro et al., and S. zhejiangensis Wongs. 876 ... Wang & al. et al. (Bhat & Kendrick 1993, Wongsawas et al. 2008, Xia et al. 2014, 2015, Monteiro et al. 2016), but S. zhejiangensis was subsequently transferred to Ellisembiopsis Santa Izabel & Gusmao, due to its distoseptate conidia (Santa Izabel et al. 2013). Thus, only five species are currently accepted in Sporidesmiopsis. Among our fungal collections from Lushan Mountain, ahyphomycetous specimen with the morphological characteristics of Sporidesmiopsis was collected, which we describe here as a new species, S. lushanensis. Type specimens are conserved in the Herbarium of Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China (HSAUP) and Herbarium Mycologium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS). Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1 MycoBank MB 823681 Differs from Sporidesmiopsis goanensis, S. guangxiensis, and S. malloti by its wider conidia. Type: China, Jiangxi Province: Lushan Mountain, on dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 25 Oct. 2016, J.W. Xia (Holotype, HSAUP H6725; isotype, HMAS 245644). ETryMOLoGy: in reference to the type locality. CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy. Mycelium superficial and partly immersed, composed of septate, pale brown, smooth hyphae, 1-2 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES distinct, single, branched, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, cylindrical, smooth, thick-walled, brown to dark brown, 8-15-septate, 250-450 x 10-14 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, integrated and discrete, cylindrical, truncate at the apex after conidium secession, 12.5-20 x 5-7 um. Conrp1A solitary, dry, fusiform, base truncate, apex rounded, brown to dark brown, 30-50 x 11.5-15.5 um, 6—7-euseptate. CoMMENTS—'hree Sporidesmiopsis species differ from S. lushanensis by their narrower conidia: S. goanensis (5-7 um; Bhat & Kendrick 1993), S. guangxiensis (6-7.5 um; Xia et al. 2014), and S. malloti (8.5-11.5 um; Xia et al. 2015). Sporidesmiopsis dennisii and S. pluriseptata differ from S. lushanensis by their longer conidia with much more numerous septa (see Fic. 2). Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 877 Fic. 1. Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis (holotype, HSAUP H6725). A, B. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; C. Conidia. Scale bars = 20 um. 878 ... Wang & al. A a a as a EPL Ee (Subramanian & Bhat 1989, as S. malabarica); B. S. goanensis (Bhat & Kendrick 1993); C. S. guangxiensis (Xia et al. 2014); D. S. malloti (Xia et al. 2015); E. S. lushanensis (this work); E S. pluriseptata (Monteiro et al. 2016). Scale bars = 20 um. Fig. 2. Sporidesmiopsis spp., representative conidia (re-drawn from the literature). A. S. dennisii Sporidesmiopsis lushanensis sp. nov. (China) ... 879 Key to species of Sporidesmiopsis IG oinidiaee EO eUSepialen Shia etta : SE Ey AB ete ook heey hte ass 2 Ie Gromidiiass 7eeuseptate f. © eyo eitaae yrs ot eis he cis « Pea ee te eg oe ny ee a 3 2. Conidia 69-92 x 9-13 um, 10-15-euseptate ............... 0 eee eee S. dennisii 2. Conidia 80-130 x 6-8.5 um, 10-15-euseptate ................... S. pluriseptata 3. Conidia fusiform, 30-50 x 11.5-15.5 um, 6-7-euseptate........... S. lushanensis 3/@onidia- obclavate todusitorin, <1 5 ani-digmiom ieee ned ee eee Cetdameres | 4. Conidia 20-30 x 5-7 um, 3-4-euseptate .............. 0. ee eee eee S. goanensis 4S Conidia 2S 2M IONe 13% Liat tion Phase adhe sae Es eee Pees Bho Stites 5 5. Conidia 32-40 x 6-7.5 um, 5-6-euseptate ........ ee eee eee eee S. guangxiensis 5. Conidia 35-60 x 8.5-11.5 um, 3-7-euseptate ......... eee eee ee eee S. malloti Acknowledgments The authors express gratitude to Dr. Jian Ma and Dr. Rafael F. Castafteda-Ruiz for serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30600003, 31093440, 31230001) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Nos. 2006FY120100). Literature cited Bhat DJ, Kendrick B. 1993. Twenty-five new conidial fungi from the Western Ghats and the Andaman Islands (India). Mycotaxon 49: 19-90. Monteiro JS, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2016. Pleurothecium bicoloratum & Sporidesmiopsis pluriseptata spp. nov. from Brazil. Mycotaxon 131: 145-152. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.145 Santa Izabel TS, Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Ellisembiopsis gen. nov., new variety of Sporidesmiella and some notes on Sporidesmium complex. Mycosphere 4: 156-163. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/2/1 Subramanian CV, Bhat DJ. 1989 [“1987”]. Hyphomycetes from South India I. Some new taxa. Kavaka 15: 41-74. Wongsawas M, Wang HK, Hyde KD, Lin FC. 2008. New and rare lignicolous hyphomycetes from Zhejiang Province, China. Journal of Zhejiang University ScIENcE B - Biomedicine & Biotechnology 9: 797-801. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0860008 Xia JW, Ma LG, Castafeda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2014. A new species of Sporidesmiopsis and three new records of other dematiaceous hyphomycetes from southern China. Nova Hedwigia 98: 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0145 Xia JW, Ma YR, Gao JM, Li Z, Zhang XG. 2015. Sporidesmiopsis malloti sp. nov. and new records from southern China. Mycotaxon 130: 827-833. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.827 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 881-884 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.881 Repetophragma elegans sp. nov. from Hainan Province, China XIAO-MEI WANG’, SHAN-SHAN CHEN’, XIAO-MAN LIU’, ZI-JIAN ZHAO’, Hao-Hua Lr, X1u-Guo ZHANG? * & JI- WEN XIA?® ‘College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China ? Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China * CORRESPONDENCE TO: “sdau613@163.com, * xiajiwen1@126.com ABSTRACT—A new species, Repetophragma elegans, is described and illustrated from specimens collected on dead branches in Hainan Province, China. The fungus is characterized by subcylindrical to subfusiform 14—18-euseptate brown conidia with rounded apices, apical mucilaginous tunica, and truncate bases. Key worps—conidial fungi, taxonomy Introduction During our ongoing survey of microfungi associated with woody debris in tropical forests of Hainan Province, China, an undescribed species with the morphological characteristics of the genus Repetophragma Subram. was collected on the dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree. Materials & methods Collected samples of woody debris were placed in separate zip-lock plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and incubated at 27°C for more than 2 weeks in an artificial climate box in 9-cm-diam. plastic Petri dishes containing moistened filter paper. Samples were examined under an Olympus SZ61 dissecting microscope. At least 50 mature conidia and 30 conidiophores were mounted in lactophenol, measured at 600x and 1000x magnifications, and photographed with an Olympus BX53 microscope. Adobe 882 ... Wang & al. Fic. 1. Repetophragma elegans (holotype, HSAUP H6478). Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. Repetophragma elegans sp. nov. (China) ... 883 Photoshop 7.0 was used to prepare the photographic images, and the backgrounds were replaced for esthetic reasons. Type specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Department of Plant Pathology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China (HSAUP) and the Mycological Herbarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (HMAS). Taxonomy Repetophragma elegans J.W. Xia & X.G. Zhang, sp. nov. FIG. 1 MycoBAank MB 821043 Differs from Repetophragma calongei by its wider conidia, with an apical mucilaginous tunica. Type: China, Hainan Province, Diaoluo Mountain, on dead stems of an unidentified broadleaf tree, 10 Apr. 2014, J.W. Xia (Holotype, HSAUP H6478; isotype, HMAS 245642). EryMoLoey: elegans, referring to elegant, describing the conidia. COLONIES on natural substrate effuse, brown to dark brown, hairy. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substrate, composed of septate, pale brown, smooth, 2-4 um diam. hyphae. CoNIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, erect, straight to slightly flexuous, cylindrical, smooth, thick-walled, brown to dark brown, up to 5-septate, 13.5-50 x 6.5-9.5 tm. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, terminal, indeterminate, brown to dark brown, cylindrical, with 1-5 annellidic percurrent extensions, 6-13.5 x 6-7 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, straight or slightly curved, subcylindrical to subfusiform, smooth-walled, brown to dark brown, 14-18-euseptate, 75-115 x 12.5-15.5 um (excluding mucilage), apex rounded, with an apical mucilaginous tunica, truncate at the base, 6-7 um diam. COMMENTS—Repetophragma was introduced by Subramanian (1992) to accommodate Sporidesmium-like species that produced conidiogenous cells with annellidic percurrent extensions and euseptate conidia. Castaheda-Ruiz et al. (2011) redisposed taxa in Repetophragma. According to Index Fungorum (2017) a total of 35 species are included in Repetophragma. Repetophragma elegans is morphologically similar to R. calongei J. Mena et al. in conidial shape. However, R. calongei can be easily separated by its narrower conidia (8-10.5 um) without an apical mucilaginous tunica (Silvera- Simon et al. 2009). Acknowledgments The authors express gratitude to Dr. Rafael E Castafieda-Ruiz and Dr. Jian Ma for serving as pre-submission reviewers and for their valuable comments and suggestions. 884 ... Wang & al. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30600003, 31093440, 31230001, 31493010, 31493011) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No. 2006FY 120100). Literature cited Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Arias RM, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Stadler M, Saikawa M, Gené J, Guarro J, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Crous PW. 2011. A new species and re-disposed taxa in Repetophragma. Mycosphere 2: 273-289. Index Fungorum. 2017. http://indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (Accessed: 30 May 2017). Silvera-Sim6n C, Mena-Portales J, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J. 2009. Repetophragma calongeii sp. nov. and other interesting dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the North of Spain. Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 66: 33-39. https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2218 Subramanian CV. 1992. A reassessment of Sporidesmium (hyphomycetes) and some related taxa. Proceeding of the Indian National Science Academy, B 58: 179-190. MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 885-893 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.885 A contribution to the study of Helotiales and Rhytismatales in Turkey MAKBULE ERDOGDU',, GOKHAN DOGAN’, ELSAD HUSEYIN' & ZEKIYE SULUDERE” ' Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Bagbasi, Kirsehir, Turkey ?Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey * CORRESPONDENCE TO: merdogdu@ahievran.edu.tr ABSTRACT—Naemacyclus fimbriatus, Lophodermium juniperinum, and Marssonina daphnes have recently been discovered in Turkey. This is the first record of Naemacyclus from Turkey. Morphological data obtained by light and scanning electron microscopy of these fungi are presented. Key worps—acervular anamorph, Ascomycota, new host, new records, SEM Introduction Rhytismatales are an order of endophytic, parasitic, or saprotrophic fungi in Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota), the inoperculate discomycetes. Especially common on conifers, grasses and members of Ericaceae, they are also found on other vascular plants. The species disperse by ascospores and at least in temperate regions usually infect their hosts in spring/summer to develop fruiting bodies the next year on dead material (Lantz et al. 2011). The order includes plant parasitic fungi causing serious needle cast, such as Lophodermium seditiosum Minter et al. on Pinus sylvestris (Minter 1981b)., Rhytismatalean fungi the members of Rhytismatales are poorly known in Turkey and have not been yet intensively studied. Within Leotiomycetes, Helotiales represents the largest order of inoperculate discomycetes—an ecologically and morphologically highly diverse group of 886 ... Erdogdu & al. ascomycetes that also includes lichen-inhabiting (lichenicolous) species (Suija et al. 2015). At present the order comprises c. 4000 species of saprophytes, mycorrhizal fungi, root endophytes, and plant and fungal (including lichens) parasites (Schoch et al. 2009). Materials & methods Plant specimens infected with microfungi were collected from Erciyes Mountain in Kayseri province of Turkey. The host specimens were prepared following conventional herbarium techniques. Host plants were identified using the FLORA OF TURKEY AND East AEGEAN IsLANDS (Davis 1965-85). Thin fungal sections prepared from host tissue were examined under a Leica DM E light microscope and measured from mounts in 5% KOH or tap water. Close-up photographs of infected host surface were done via Leica EZ4D stereomicroscope. The fungi were identified using relevant literature (for Naemacyclus — DiCosmo et al. 1984, Hou et al. 2006; for Lophodermium -— Dennis 1981, Ellis & Ellis 1987; for Marssonina - Grove 1937, Ellis & Ellis 1987, Ignatavicitité & Treigiené 1998). All examined specimens were deposited in the Mycology Laboratory of Ahi Evran University, Department of Biology, Kirsehir, Turkey (C), under Gdkhan Dogan (GD) collection numbers. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 8-10 mm square pieces of infected leaf or cone scale were mounted on aluminium stubs with double-sided adhesive tape, coated with gold using Polaron SC 502 Sputter Coater, and examined using a Jeol JSM 6060 scanning electron microscope operated at 5-10 kV in the Electron Microscopy Unit, Gazi University (Turkey). Taxonomy Naemacyclus fimbriatus (Schwein.) DiCosmo, Peredo & Minter, Eur. J. For. Path. 13(4): 207 (1983) Pr APOTHECIA scattered, immersed to erumpent, sessile, circular to subcircular, 300-430 x 230-285 um, dark brown to black. Asci cylindrical, short-stalked, thin-walled, 85-95 x 8.5-9.5 um, rostrate at the apex, without circumapical thickening, discharging spores through a small apical pore, 8-spored. Ascospores fasciculate, filiform, (50-)54-80 x 2-2.2 um, rounded at both ends, hyaline, (2—)5-septate, rarely aseptate, with mucous sheath. PaRAPHYSES filiform, unbranched, septate, 90-105 x 1 um, hyaline, covered by a thin mucous sheath. SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TURKEY, KayseErI, Erciyes mountain, Turkish World Forest, 38°36'12”N 35°3056”E, 1850-1900 m asl., on fallen female cone scales of Pinus nigra L. (Pinaceae), 31.05.2010, G. Dogan (AEUT GD 1069). Notes: While DiCosmo et al. (1983) resolved the nomenclatural problems surrounding N. fimbriatus, the systematic position of this species is still Naemacyclus, Lophodermium & Marssonina spp. new for Turkey ... 887 Tay Fi i AN PY Dae i PLaTE 1. Microscopic characters of Naemacyclus fimbriatus. A: apothecia on cone scales; E: asci and vertical section of an apothecium; D: G: ascospore; > C: apothecia on cone scales (SEM); 2 B H: lacto phenol cotton blue mount F-H: 15 um. F: ascus and ascospores; showing ascospore. Scale bars = D: 100 um; ascospores; E20 pm; 888 ... Erdogdu & al. controversial. Naemacyclus fimbriatus was once placed in the Phacidiaceae, but DiCosmo (1979) suggested that it is more closely related to Rhytismataceae because of J- apical ring and ascospores covered by a mucous sheath (Kirk et al. 2001, Cannon & Kirk 2007). The recent analysis of the partial small subunit rDNA (Hou et al. 2006) indicates that N. fimbriatus is closely related to taxa in the Helotiales. Although our Turkish specimen of Naemacyclus fimbriatus is morphologically similar to specimens described in literature (DiCosmo et al. 1984, Vujanovic et al. 1998, Hou et al. 2006), it does differ slightly in some aspects, particularly with respect to ascospore size and number of septa: 75-90 x 2-2.5 um and 7-septate (DiCosmo et al. 1984); 78-91 x 2-2.5 um and 7-septate (Vujanovic et al. 1998); 65-95 x 1-1.5 um and (2—)4—6-septate (rarely aseptate) (Hou et al. 2006). The ascospores in the specimen from Turkey are shorter and (2—)5-septate (rarely aseptate). Naemacyclus fimbriatus is widely distributed on Pinus spp. in Asia (China), Europe, and North America (Cannon et al. 1985; Dennis 1981; Dudka et al. 2004; Eriksson 2014; Gremmen 1960, as Lasiostictis fimbriata; Hanlin 1963, as Stictis fimbriata; Lin 2012; Minter 1981a; Sherwood 1979, as Lasiostictis fimbriata; Vujanovic et al. 1998). The genus Naemacyclus and N. fimbriatus are reported for the first time from Turkey. Lophodermium juniperinum (Fr.) De Not., G. Bot. Ital. 2(7-8): 46 (1847) PL. 2 APOTHECIA hysterioid, elliptical, blister-like, strongly raised above the surface of needles, 600-650 x 200-220 um, blackish; disc soft, whitish. Asc1 cylindrical-clavate, short-stalked, thin-walled, 95-110 x 13.5-15.5 um, 8-spored; Ascospores fasciculate, filiform, attenuated at both ends, 65-87 x 1.5-3 um, guttulate, hyaline, with a thin hyaline gelatinous coating. PARAPHYSES slender, filiform, hyaline, swollen and curled at the tip. SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TURKEY, KaysErI, Erciyes mountain, Develi, 2000-2050 m asl., conifer plantation area, on dead leaves of Juniperus communis L. (Cupressaceae), 25.07.2011, G. Dogan (AEUT GD1106). Notes: Ten rhytismataceous ascomycetes from the genera Coccomyces, Colpoma, Hypoderma, Lophodermium, Pseudophacidium, Soleella, and Tryblidiopsis have been reported on species of Juniperus; those on juniper needles are mostly pathogenic, causing needle cast (Hou et al. 2005). Lophodermium juniperinum is probably weakly parasitic, capable of endophytic growth in needles for part of its life cycle, like most species of Lophodermium (Minter 1981b). Naemacyclus, Lophodermium & Marssonina spp. new for Turkey ... 889 igauy were Ss. st MIOD 1d0e= qurcer PLATE 2. Microscopic characters of Lophodermium juniperinum. A: apothecia on leaf; B: apothecium on leaf (SEM); C-E: vertical section of an apothecium (SEM); F: vertical section of an apothecium; G: ascus and ascospores; H: ascospores. Scale bars = F: 200 um; G,H: 25 um. 890 ... Erdogdu & al. The Turkish specimen of L. juniperinum agrees with other reports of the species in ascomata, asci and ascospores morphology; the only observable difference being the smaller dimensions of ascomata, asci, and ascospores. Dennis (1981) describes 1 x 0.4 mm apothecia, 130 x 17 um asci, and 60-100 x 2 um ascospores; Ellis & Ellis (1987) cite 1 mm long apothecia and 60-90 x 2 um ascospores. Lophodermium juniperinum is known from Asia (Dudka et al. 2004), Europe, and North America (Hou et al. 2005). This species is reported for the first time from Turkey. Marssonina daphnes (Roberge ex Desm.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 89 (1906) PL. 3 LEAF SPOTS amphigenous, irregularly rounded, 1-3 mm diam., greenish and then brownish. Conrpiomata acervular, amphigenous, at first immersed in host tissue, later erumpent, small, pale brown. CoNIDIA ovoid to pyriform, slightly curved, 15-20 x 6.5-8 um, when mature with transverse septum near the base, not constricted, obtuse at the apex, truncate at the base, with numerous guttulations, hyaline. SPECIMEN EXAMINED—TURKEY, KaysERI, Erciyes mountain, Kayseri memorial forest, 38°36'13”N 35°30’58’”E, 1870 m asl., on living leaves of Daphne oleoides Schreb. subsp. oleoides (Thymelaeaceae), 25.07.2011, G. Dogan (AEUT GD1080). Notes: Marssonina daphnes is the causal agent of the daphne anthracnose, which usually causes little damage. The Turkish specimen of Marssonina daphnes is morphologically similar to specimens described in literature (Grove 1937, Ellis & Ellis 1987, Ignatavicitite & Treigiené 1998). However, the conidia of the Turkish samples are wider than the British collection (12-20 x 4-5 um; Grove 1937), while those reported by Ignataviciiité & Treigiené (1998) are slightly narrower and shorter than our specimen. Marssonina daphnes is distributed on Daphne spp. in Asia (Japan), Australasia, Europe, and North America (Conners 1967; Ginns 1986; Cook & Dubé 1989; Kobayashi 2007; Pennycook & Galloway 2004; Piatek & Wolczanska 2004; Shaw 1973). The species is reported for the first time from Turkey, and Daphne oleoides Schreb. subsp. oleoides represents a new host record. Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr. Eugene Yurchenko, and Sevda Kirbag for serving as pre- submission reviewers, to Dr. Pennycook for nomenclatural review. Naemacyclus, Lophodermium & Marssonina spp. new for Turkey ... 891 < ~ ao ocd ers . —-<———< PLATE 3. Microscopic characters of Marssonina daphnes. A,B: acervulus on leaf (SEM); C-E: Conidia (SEM); F: Conidia. Scale bar = 10 um. Literature cited Cannon PF, Kirk PM. 2007. Fungal families of the world. CAB International Wallingford. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998275.0000 Cannon PF, Hawksworth DL, Sherwood-Pike MA. 1985. The British Ascomycotina. An annotated checklist. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew. Conners IL. 1967. An annotated index of plant diseases in Canada and fungi recorded on plants in Alaska, Canada and Greenland. Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Cook RP, Dubé AJ. 1989. Host-pathogen index of plant diseases in South Australia. Field Crops Pathology Group, South Australian Department of Agriculture, Adelaide. 892 ... Erdogdu & al. Davis PH (ed.). 1965-85. Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands. Vols 1-9. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Dennis RWG. 1981. British ascomycetes. J. Cramer, Vaduz. DiCosmo F. 1979. Lasiostictis reassessed. Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 1838-1840. https://doi.org/10.1139/b79-229 DiCosmo F, Peredo H, Minter DW. 1983. Cyclaneusma gen. nov., Naemacyclus and Lasiostictis, a nomenclatural problem solved. European Journal of Forest Pathology 13(4): 206-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1983.tb00119.x DiCosmo F, Nag Raj TR, Kendrick WB. 1984. A revision of the Phacidiaceae and related anamorphs. Mycotaxon 21: 1-234. Dudka IO, Heluta VP, Tykhonenko YY, Andrianova TV, Hayova VP, Prydiuk MP, Dzhagan VV, Isikov VP. 2004. Fungi of the Crimean Peninsula. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Ukraine. Ellis MB, Ellis JP. 1987. Microfungi on land plants: an identification handbook. Croom Helm, London-Sydney. Eriksson OE. 2014. Checklist of the non-lichenized ascomycetes of Sweden. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 36(2). 501 p. Ginns JH. 1986. Compendium of plant disease and decay fungi in Canada 1960-1980. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa. https://doi.org/10.5962/bh1.title.58888 Gremmen J. 1960 [“1959”]. A contribution to the mycoflora of pine forests in the Netherlands. Nova Hedwigia 1(3-4): 251-288. Grove WB. 1937. British stem- and leaf-fungi (Coelomycetes), vol. 1. Sphaeropsidales. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hanlin RT. 1963. A revision of the ascomycetes of Georgia. Georgia Agricultural Experiment Station, Mimeo Series n.s. 175. 65 p. Hou CL, Gao J, Piepenbring M. 2006. Four rhytismataceous ascomycetes on needles of pine from China. Nova Hedwigia 83: 511-522. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2006/0083-0511 Hou CL, Lin YR, Piepenbring M. 2005. Species of Rhytismataceae on needles of Juniperus spp. from China. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1139/b04-149 Ignataviciiiteé M, Treigiené A. 1998. Mycota Lithuaniae, vol. 9. Melanconiales. UAB Vaslstieciu Laikrastis, Vilnius. Lantz H, Johnston PR, Park D, Minter DW. 2011. Molecular phylogeny reveals a core clade of Rhytismatales. Mycologia 103: 57-74. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-060 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi. 9th edn. CAB International, Kew. Kobayashi T. 2007. Index of fungi inhabiting woody plants in Japan. Host, distribution and literature. Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku Kyokai Publishing Co., Tokyo. Lin YR. 2012. Rhytismatales. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum 40. 261 p. Minter DW. 1981a. Microfungi on needles, twigs and cones of pines in Czechoslovakia. Ceska Mykologie 35(2): 90-101. Minter DW. 1981b. Lophodermium on pines. Mycological Papers 147. 54 p. Piatek M, Wolczanska A. 2004. Some phytopathogenic fungi rare or new to Poland. Polish Botanical Studies 49(1): 67-72. Pennycook SR, Galloway DJ. 2004. Checklist of New Zealand “fungi” 401-488, in: EHC McKenzie (ed.). Introduction to fungi of New Zealand. Fungi of New Zealand vol. 1. Fungal Diversity Research Series 14. Schoch CL, Sung GH, Lépez-Giraldez FE, Townsend JP, Miadlikowska J. Hofstetter V, Robbertse B, Matheny PB, Kauff F, Wang Z, Gueidan C, Andrie RM, Trippe K, Ciufetti Naemacyclus, Lophodermium & Marssonina spp. new for Turkey ... 893 LM, Wynns A, Fraker E, Hodkinson BP, Bonito G, Groenewald JZ, Arzanlou M, de Hoog GS, Crous PW, Hewitt D, Pfister DH, Peterson K, Gryzenhout M, Wingfield MJ, Aptroot A, Suh SO, Blackwell M, Hillis DM, Griffith GW, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Lumbsch HT, Licking R, Biidel B, Rauhut A, Diederich P, Ertz D, Geiser DM, Hosaka K, Inderbitzin P, Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Mostert L, O’Donnell K, Sipman H, Rogers JD, Shoemaker RA, Sugiyama J, Summerbell RC, Untereiner W, Johnston PR, Stenroos S, Zuccaro A, Dyer PS, Crittenden PD, Cole MS, Hansen K, Trappe JM, Yahr R, Lutzoni F, Spatafora JW. 2009. The Ascomycota tree of life: a phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits. Systematic Biology 58: 224-239. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syp020 Shaw CG. 1973. Host fungus index for the Pacific Northwest - I. Hosts. Washington Agricultural Experimental Station Bulletin 765. 121 p. Sherwood MA. 1979. Phacidiales Exsiccati. Decades I-III. Mycotaxon 10: 241-245. Suija A, Ertz D, Lawrey JD, Diederich P. 2015. Multiple origin of the lichenicolous life habit in Helotiales, based on nuclear ribosomal sequences. Fungal Diversity 70: 55-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0287-4 Vujanovic V, St.-Arnaud M, Neumann P. 1998. First report of Naemacyclus fimbriatus infecting pitch pine (Pinus rigida). Plant Disease 82: 959. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.959A MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 895-901 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.895 Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis newly recorded from China CoNnG-CoNnG MIA0™, XIANG-XIANG ZHAO”, ZUN-TIAN ZHAO’, HURNISA SHAHIDIN? & Lu-LU ZHANG" ' Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China ? Lichens Research Center in Arid Zones of Northwestern China, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Xinjiang , 830046 , PR. China “ CORRESPONDENCE TO: ccmjy123@163.com AsstRact—Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis are described and illustrated from Chinese specimens. The two species and the genus Huneckia are recorded for the first time from China. Keyworps—Asia, lichens, taxonomy, Teloschistaceae Introduction Teloschistaceae Zahlbr. is one of the larger families of lichenized fungi. It includes three subfamilies, Caloplacoideae, Teloschistoideae, and Xanthorioideae (Gaya et al. 2012; Arup et al. 2013). Many new genera have been proposed based on molecular phylogenetic investigations (Arup et al. 2013; Fedorenko et al. 2012; Gaya et al. 2012; Kondratyuk et al. 2013, 2014a,b, 2015a,b,c,d). Currently, the family contains approximately 79 genera (Karnefelt 1989; Arup et al. 2013; Kondratyuk et al. 2013, 2014a,b, 2015a,b,c,d; Sochting et al. 2014a,b). Huneckia S.Y. Kondr. et al. was described in 2014 (Kondratyuk et al. 2014a) based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, and molecular data. It is characterized by continuous to areolate thalli, paraplectenchymatous cortical * CONG-CONG MIAO & XIANG-XIANG ZHAO contributed equally to this research. 896 ... Miao, Zhao & al. layers, biatorine apothecia, Blastenia-type true exciples, narrowly bacilliform conidia, and the presence of chrysophanol, rhein, and chrysophanal. Huneckia is similar to Blastenia A. Massal. but differs by having ascospores with very thick cell walls at the poles and in the secondary chemistry (Kondratyuk et al. 2014a). Huneckia includes two species, H. pollinii and H. rheinigera (Elix & S.Y. Kondr.) S.Y. Kondr et al. (Kondratyuk et al. 2014a). No species of Huneckia have been reported from China . Flavoplaca Arup etal., described in 2013 (Arup etal. 2013), is characterized by yellow crustose or squamulose thalli, orange zeorine apothecia, polaribilocular spores with medium to long spore septa, and bacilliform to ellipsoid conidia. The genus is rather similar to Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. and Caloplaca Th. Fr. in some characters, but forms a very well delimited clade with many species that are often sorediate. Flavoplaca includes about 27 species (Arup et al. 2013). During our research on the taxa of Teloschistaceae in China, we identified two species as new to the country: Huneckia pollinii and Flavoplaca oasis. Materials & methods The specimens, which were collected in Guizhou Province and Inner Mongolia, are preserved in the Lichen Section of the Botanical Herbarium, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China (SDNU) and the Lichens Research Center in Arid Zones of Northwestern China, Xinjiang University, Wulumugi, China (XJU). The morphological and anatomical characters were examined under a COIC XTL7045B2 stereo microscope and an Olympus CX41 polarizing microscope. Thalli and medullae were tested with K (10% aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide) and C (a saturated solution of aqueous sodium hypochlorite) for identification. Calcareous and non-calcareous rocks were determined by application of concentrated HCl. The lichen substances were identified using standardized thin layer chromatography techniques (TLC) with solvent system C (Orange et al. 2010). Photos were taken using Olympus SZX16 stereo and BX61 research microscopes attached to an Olympus DP72 camera. Taxonomic descriptions Huneckia pollinii (A. Massal.) S.Y. Kondr., Karnefelt, A. Thell, Elix, Jung Kim, A.S. Kondr. & Hur, Acta Bot. Hung. 56: 111 (2014). Pie. tT MorPHOLOGY—THALLUS crustose, continuous, very thin to areolate at margin, grey to whitish grey. APOTHECIA biatorine, sessile, 0.3-1.0 mm diam.; disc dark brown to rust-brown; proper exciple consisting of radiating, thick walled long-septate cells, prosoplectenchymatous; exciple and epithecium K+ reddish violet; without crystals; epihymenium brown; hymenium colourless to pale brown, 74-90 um high; hypothecium sand yellow, roundish to irregular shape, without oil droplets; paraphyses 2.2-3.0 um wide, upper part Huneckia & Flavoplaca lichens new for China ... 897 Fic. 1. Huneckia pollinii (SDNU 20160195). A: thallus; B: apothecia; C: apothecium section; D: strong red turning to purple K reaction of epihymenium; E: ascospores; F: conidia. pigmented, without swollen tip, abundantly branching at tips. Asci 8-spored, Teloschistes-type; ascospores polaribilocular, ellipsoid, mostly “sand-clock”- shaped; 13.2-19 x 7.5-9.6 um, with cell walls 1-2(-2.5) um thick (thickest at the poles); spore septum 2.9-5.7 um. Conip1A elliptical to narrowly bacilliform, 1.5-2.2 x 3.8-5.1 um. CuHEMISTRY— thallus and medulla K-, C-. Apothecia K+ purple, C+ red. Epihymenium K+ strong red, turning purple with coloured solution. Unknown substances 1 & 2 (TLC solvent system C Rf. 48 and Rf. 53). 898 ... Miao, Zhao &al. SUBSTRATE—On wood or on smooth bark. DistRIBUTION—Huneckia pollinii has been reported from the eastern United States, Europe, and Mexico (Wetmore 1994, Kondratyuk et al. 2014a). New to China. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GUIZHOU, Dejiang, Quankou town alt. 873 m, on bark, 2 June 2016, X.X. Zhao 20160195, 20160180 (SDNU). ComMMENTS—Caloplaca pollinii var. major B. de Lesd. is similar to Huneckia pollinii, but differs in having concave brown young apothecia, black immarginate older apothecia, and larger spores (Bouly de Lesdain 1949). Specimens of Caloplaca asserigena (J. Lahm) Della Torre & Sarnth. that may be confused with Huneckia pollinii, can be distinguished by rust-red to red-brown discs and smaller ascospores. Flavoplaca oasis (A. Massal.) Arup, Frédén & Sochting, Nordic J. Bot. 31: 46 (2013). ewe MorPHOLOGY—THALLUS usually visible but thin, with only some small granules or areole visible at thallus margin, pale yellow; alveolate cortex; algal layer always separated by fungal hyphae; without prothallus and vegetative propagules; isidia, soredia, and blastidia absent; medulla white. APOTHECIA pseudolecanorine or zeorine type, abundant, sessile, round or elliptical, 0.1-0.5 mm diam.; disc slightly convex, orange to dark orange, epruinose; proper margin very thin, slightly raised, paler than disc; amphithecium + reduced, with numerous algae, cortex poorly developed; epihymenium granular, yellow; hymenium hyaline, 75-85 um tall; paraphyses simple or slightly branched above, 1-2 apical cells thickened, up to 7 um wide; hypothecium hyaline or inspersed, +roundish, consisting of thin- walled roundish cells, 53-125 um, without crystals or oil droplets, prosoplectenchymatous, hyphae irregular, 40-50 um high. ExcrpLe consisting of thin-walled oval to polygone cells, upper side 38-50 um. PARAPHYSIS mostly simple, rarely forked, swollen in and near the tip cells, 4.5-5.3 um in wide. Asci 43-52 x 11-21 um, 8-spored, Teloschistes-type. Ascospores polaribilocular, thin-walled, 8.5-13.5 x (4.0-)4.8-7.6 um, spore septum wide, >% of spore length, 2.9-4.6 um. PYcNIpIA not observed. CuHEMISTRY—Thallus K+ purple, medulla K-, epihymenium K+ purple. Unknown substance (TLC solvent system C Rf. 51). SUBSTRATE—On pure limestone, concrete. DISTRIBUTION—Flavoplaca oasis, which is widespread in Europe (Arup 2009), is also reported from western Asia (John et al. 2004) and North Africa Huneckia & Flavoplaca lichens new for China... 899 SAS 4 . cal ern Fic. 2. Flavoplaca oasis (SDNU 20160086). A: thallus; B: apothecia; C: apothecium section; D: ascus and ascospores; E: paraphyses; F: ascospores. (Thor & Nascimbene 2010). The species grows mainly on pure limestone, concrete, and mortar (Arup 2009), where it occurs as a free living or parasitic lichen growing on endolithic Verrucaria s.lat. (Wilk 2011). New to China. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CHINA. GuizHou, Dejiang, Jingangling, alt. 1100 m, on rocks, 26 May 2016, W.C. Wang , X.X. Zhao 20160086, 20160038, 20160814 (SDNU). INNER MONGOLIA, Daqing mountain, 41°54.60’N 111°47.71’E. alt. 1970 m, on rocks, 12 August 2014. 20141175-b (XJU). 900 ... Miao, Zhao & al. ComMMENTS—Flavoplaca oasis is similar to Athallia holocarpa (Hoftm.) Arup et al., which is distinguished by its more yellow-tinged apothecia with thicker and more prominent proper margins and spores with a broader isthmus. Specimens of F. oasis may also be confused with F. polycarpa (A. Massal.) Arup et al., which can be distinguished by larger apothecia with thicker margins and more distinct, thicker orange thalli. Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Li-song Wang and Dr. Xin-yu Wang (Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS) for providing great help during the study. We also thank Dr. Andre Aptroot (ABL Herbarium, Soest, Netherlands) and Dr. S.Y. Guo (Key Laboratory of Systematic Mycology and Lichenology Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, CAS, Beijing, China) for presubmission review and providing great guidance during the study. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570017) and the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Shandong Normal University (SCX201629). Literature cited Arup U. 2009. The Caloplaca holocarpa group in the Nordic countries, except Iceland. Lichenologist 41: 111-130. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282909008135 Arup U, Sechting U, Frédén P. 2013. A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae. Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 16-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x Bouly De Lesdain M. 1949. Notes lichénologiques, N° XX XV. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 96(7-9): 173-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1949.10837606 Fedorenko NM, Stenroos S, Thell A, Karnefelt I, Elix JA, Hur JS, Kondratyuk SY. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), with notes on their morphology. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 108: 45-64. Gaya E, Hégnabba F, Holguin A, Molnar K, Fernandez-Brime S, Stenroos S, Arup U, Sechting U, Van den Boom P, Liicking R, Sipman HJM, Lutzoni F. 2012. Implementing a cumulative supermatrix approach for a comprehensive phylogenetic study of the Teloschistales (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63: 374-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.012 John V, Seaward MRD, Sipman HJM, Zedda L. 2004. Lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Syria, including a first checklist. Herzogia 17: 157-177. Karnefelt I. 1989. Morphology and phylogeny in the Teloschistales. Cryptogamic Botany 1: 147-203. Kondratyuk SY, Lékés L, Tschabanenko S, Haji Moniri M, Farkas E, Wang XY, Oh SO, Hur JS. 2013. New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi. Acta Botanica Hungarica 55(3-4): 275-349. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.55.2013.3-4.9 Kondratyuk SY, Jeong MH, Yu NN, Karnefelt I, Thell A, Elix JA, Kim JA, Kondratiuk AS, Hur JS. 2014a. A revised taxonomy for the subfamily Caloplacoideae (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny. Acta Botanica Hungarica 56: 93-123. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.56.2014.1-2.12 Huneckia & Flavoplaca lichens new for China... 901 Kondratyuk SY, Karnefelt I, Thell A, Elix JA, Kim JA, Jeong MH, Yu NN, Hur JS. 2014b. A revised taxonomy for the subfamily Xanthorioideae (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) based on molecular phylogeny. Acta Botanica Hungarica 56: 141-178. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.56.2014.1-2.12 Kondratyuk SY, Karnefelt I, Thell A, Elix JA, Kim J, Kondratiuk AS, Hur JS. 2015a. Tassiloa, a new genus in the Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycetes). Graphis Scripta 27(1-2): 22-26. Kondratyuk SY, L6kés L, Kim JA, Kondratiuk AS, Jeong MH, Jang SH, Oh SO, Hur JS. 2015b. Three new monotypic genera of the caloplacoid lichens (Teloschistaceae, lichen-forming Ascomycetes). Mycobiology 43: 195-202. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2015.43.3.195 Kondratyuk SY, Karnefelt I, Thell A, Elix JA, Kim J, Kondratiuk AS, Hur JS. 2015c. Brownlielloideae, a new subfamily in the Teloschistaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota). Acta Botanica Hungarica 57: 321-341. https://doi.org/10.1556/034.57.2015.3-4.6 Kondratyuk SY, Kim JA, Yu NH, Jeong MH, Jang SH, Kondratiuk AS, Zarei-Darki B, Hur JS. 2015d. Zeroviella, a new genus of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota) proved by three gene phylogeny. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 72(6): 574-584. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj72.06.574 Sechting U, Segaard MZ, Elix JA, Arup U, Elvebakk A, Sancho LG. 2014a. Catenarina (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycotina), a new southern hemisphere genus with 7-chlorocatenarin. Lichenologist 46: 175-187. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291300087X Sechting U, Garrido-Benavent I, Seppelt R, Castello M, Pérez-Ortega S, De Los Rios Murillo A, Sancho LG, Frédén P, Arup U. 2014b. Charcotiana and Amundsenia, two new genera in Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota, subfamily Xanthorioideae) hosting two new species from continental Antarctica, and Austroplaca frigida, a new name for a continental antarctic species. Lichenologist 46: 763-782. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282914000395 Thor G, Nascimbene J. 2010. An annotated checklist and bibliography of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Libya. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 31: 67-95. Wetmore CM. 1994. The lichen genus Caloplaca in North and Central America with brown or black apothecia. Mycologia 86: 813-838. https://doi.org/10.2307/3760596 Wilk K. 2011. New or noteworthy records of Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae) from Poland. Mycotaxon 115: 83-98. https://doi.org/10.5248/115.83 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 903-907 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.903 Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest ELAINE MALOSSO",, PHELIPE M.O. Costa’, MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, GABRIELA V.R. DA SILVA? & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ? "Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil ? Programa de Pés-Graduagao em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil * Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT), Alejandro de Humboldt, OSDE, Grupo Agricola, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200 * CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br ABSTRACT—A new species, Paliphora bicolorata, collected from decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by bicolored conidiophores with 3-4 dark reddish-brown distal cells and golden brown to brown lower cells and cylindrical-fusiform, 1-septate, hyaline conidia. A key to Paliphora species is provided. KEY WoRDS—neotropic, asexual fungi, systematics Introduction The genus Paliphora Sivan. & B. Sutton was introduced by Sivanesan & Sutton (1985) with P. aurea Sivan. & B. Sutton as type species; five more species were added by Kuthubutheen (1987), Alcorn (1996), Gusmao et al. (2008), and Goh et al. (2014). Paliphora is distinguished by distinct, unbranched, multiseptate, setiform conidiophores that form hispid golden brown to brown colonies and polytretic, integrated, determinate, intercalary (rarely terminal) conidiogenous cells with tretic loci (situated immediately below transverse septa) producing successive, cylindrical or somewhat subfusiform to subacerose, hyaline, 904 ... Malosso & al. unicellular or euseptate conidia that accumulate in slimy masses around the conidiogenous cells. The production of successive conidia in dense mucous masses or packets through tretic loci is peculiar among hyphomycetes and serves as the main diagnostic character of Paliphora (Alcorn. 1996, Gusmao et al. 2008, Sivanesan & Sutton 1985). During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a Brazilian Atlantic forest, we collected a conspicuous fungus, described here as a new Paliphora species. Materials & methods Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and treated according to Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml of water, plus 5 ml of glycerol) and lactofuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic acid following Carmichael (1955) or in lactic acid (90%) and measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope with bright field optics; photomicrographs were obtained using DIC optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM). Taxonomy Paliphora bicolorata Malosso, P.M.O. Costa & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fie. 1 MycoBAnk MB 823671 Differs from Paliphora intermedia by its bicolored conidiophores. Type: Brazil, Pernambuco, Igarassu, RPPN Reftigio Ecoldgico Charles Darwin, 7°48’S 34°57’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 12.V.2017, coll. RM.O. Costa (Holotype, URM 90132). Erymo toey: Latin, bicolorata, two-colored, referred to the conidiophores. CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, hispid, reddish-brown to brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown, smooth-walled hyphae, 1.5-2.5 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, setiform, unbranched, erect, straight, cylindrical below, acuminate at the apex, <17-septate, golden brown below, reddish-dark brown at the four distal cells, smooth below, verruculose near the apex, 170-220 x 5-6 um, slightly lobed at the base, 9-13 um wide. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polytretic, intercalary, determinate, incorporated, brown, 7-10 x 4-5 um. Conrp1A solitary, Fig. 1. Paliphora bicolorata (ex holotype, URM 90132). A. Conidia; B. Conidiogenous cells and dark reddish-brown distal cell; C. Conidiophore basal cell; D. Intercalary conidiogenous cells with tretic loci and conidia; E. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. B-D share the same scale. Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 905 906 ... Malosso & al. pleurogenous, cylindrical to broad subacerose, attenuate at the base, obtuse at the apex, straight, 1-euseptate, hyaline, smooth, 18-23 x 2 um, accumulating in white, slimy masses, more or less near the conidiophores central part. Notes: Among the six previously described Paliphora species, only P. intermedia Alcorn and P. porosa Kuthub. are superficially similar to P. bicolorata by producing 1-septate conidia, but these species are otherwise clearly distinguished from P. bicolorata. In P. intermedia (which has been isolated from decaying leaves of several plants in Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico; Gusmao et al. 2008) the conidia are shorter (14.5-19 um long) with a slightly asymmetrical septum and the conidiophores are uniformly brown (Alcorn 1996; Rao & de Hoog 1986, as “P. aurea”). Paliphora porosa produces cylindrical to clavate conidia that are usually 1-septate (rarely 2-3-septate) and somewhat constricted at the septa and uniformly golden brown longer (200-280 um) conidiophores with more septa (15-23-septate; Kuthubutheen 1987). Key to Paliphora species Nae -Conidianisuallytanicelilaie sh oe ei ek ovat eh or Sear is Sear hs Sea te Sigs sor SIME gr de 2. Conidiarsuallyseptare 3. Nie Meweg «Meise Whew Micwniaye MEcmiahe Wheelie steriias dst Arwen 3 2. Conidia cylindrical, straight or curved, 17-20 x 1-2 um; conidiophores cylindrical below, inflated near the apex, verrucose, 13-19-septate, dark DROW is 142 = 208) 2s UiT ote Sask BES sak Sie Sats cate atin idle cate ego P. inflata Conidia falcate, obtuse and widest at the apex, attenuating gradually to a narrow base, 6.5-9 x 1-1.5 um; conidiophores cylindrical, smooth below, acute, verrucose toward the apex, 11-18(-23)-septate, evenly golden brown, 99-132 X5.5-6.5 MM ........ eee eee cece eee ee P. aurea Sa, -OniGiaMhse state: ja uty feycmee fiz catagt a cers Pec coeegl Pe contg) pee heer Pd nee Er orc 4 GOitidta Sel-Sep tate: scare ht gare sahesse, AAT us 28, kT os 28, UOT aya ED be asf ton iat RA eights 6 4. Conidiophores bicolored, golden brown below and dark reddish-brown at the four distal cells, <17-septate, smooth below, verruculose near the apex, 170-220 x 4-6 um; conidia cylindrical to broad sub-acerose, obtuse at the apex, attenuated at the base, 18-23 x 2um................. P. bicolorata Comidiophores:nOt as-abOver eB oe.e Bes ehiee Sad +n Reus Boe oe Sages eee Bad ee Bakes 5 5. Conidiophores evenly brown, cylindrical below, acute at the apex, 16-22-septate, smooth below, verrucose near the apex, 135-205 x 6-7 um; conidia, cylindrical or fusoid, apex obtuse, base subacute or obconic, straight or slightly curved, asymmetrically septate, 14.5-19x 2um ....... P. intermedia Conidiophores evenly golden brown, cylindrical below, acute at the apex, 15-23-septate, smooth below, verrucose near the apex, 200-280 x 5-9 um; conidia, cylindrical to clavate, symmetrical, slightly constricted at the septa, apex obtuse, base acute, straight, 12-25 x 1-2.5um ................. P. porosa Paliphora bicolorata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 907 6. Conidia 3-6-septate, elongate-fusiform or narrowly, sometimes slightly sigmoid, 40-70 x 2-3 um; conidiophores cylindrical, apex rounded, brown, 20-63-septate, smooth, 170-540 x4.5-5 um .. 2... eee eee eee eee P. curviapicis Conidia 8-13-septate, cylindrical, apex obtuse, base obconic, straight or slightly curved, 50-65 x 2.5 um; conidiophores cylindrical below, bulbous at the basal cell, apex acute, brown, <16-septate, smooth below, verrucose toward the apex, BdS 7 NOSG Fas he TE Are altar lt ark elas OM ges P. multiseptata Acknowledgments The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to Coordena¢ao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for financial support (project 88881.062172/2014-01) and the Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras. RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal (project P131LH003033) for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated. Literature cited Alcorn JL. 1996. Paliphora intermedia sp. nov. from Australia. Mycotaxon 59: 145-148. Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611. Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9 Goh TK, Lau WY, Teo KC. 2014. Paliphora curviapicis sp. nov. from Malaysia, and a synopsis of the genus. Mycotaxon 127: 145-153. https://doi.org/10.5248/127.145 Gusmao LFP, Leao-Ferreira SM, Marques MFO, Almeida DAC. 2008. New species and records of Paliphora from the Brazilian semi-arid region. Mycologia 100: 306-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2008. 11832485 Kuthubutheen AJ. 1987. Paliphora porosa sp. nov. on leaf litter from Malaysia. Transaction of the British Mycological Society 89: 270-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(87)80168-7 Rao V, de Hoog GS. 1986. New or critical hyphomycetes from India. Studies in Mycology 28. 84 p. Sivanesan A, Sutton BC. 1985. Microfungi on Xanthorrhoea. Transaction of the British Mycological Society 85: 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(85)80186-8 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 909-918 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.909 Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. in the Inosperma clade from Pakistan A. NASEER’*, A.N. KHALID? & MATTHEW E. SMITH? ‘Centre for Undergraduate Studies & *Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus-54590, Lahore, Pakistan > Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A. “CORRESPONDENCE TO: arooj.hons@pu.edu.pk ABSTRACT —A new species, Inocybe shawarensis, was collected during field research on ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with oak forests in Swat district, Pakistan. This species, supported by a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses, is characterized by a brown, fibrillose campanulate pileus, grayish lamellae, slightly bulbous stipe base, slightly pruinose silvery white stipe, small phaseoliform spores, and clavate cheilocystidia. We present phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Phylogenies from both DNA regions cluster I. shawarensis within the Maculata subclade in the Inosperma clade. KEY worps — Agaricomycetes, Inocybaceae, Quercus, Shawar Valley Introduction The Inocybaceae is one of the most taxonomically diverse families of Agaricales. Its representatives form ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations with many angiosperms and gymnosperms in tropical and temperate areas. Between 70% and 80% of species in the family have been described in association primarily with ectomycorrhizal plant families Fagaceae, Pinaceae and Salicaceae (Kirk et al. 2008). Inocybe (Fr.) Fr., one of three formally described genera in Inocybaceae, was first established by Fries as a “tribe” of Agaricus in 1821 and later elevated to genus rank in 1863 (Matheny et al. 2009). The genus has been divided into 910 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith subgenera and sections based on spore morphology, shape and distribution of cystidia on fruit body tissues, and stipe morphology. Multigene phylogenetic analysis by Matheny (2009) identified seven clades within Inocybaceae: Auritella, Inocybe, Inosperma, Mallocybe, Mallocybella, Nothocybe, and Pseudosperma. The Inosperma clade is characterized phylogenetically as a robustly supported monophyletic group including species with radially fibrillose to rimose or squamulose pilei and ellipsoid to phaseoliform spores but lacking metuloid pleurocystidia. Many species of the Inosperma clade also feature unusual odors, and some may have rubescent or brunnescent flesh. Among the more than 850 Inocybe species reported worldwide (Matheny et al. 2009, 2012; Kobayashi & Onishi 2010, Horak et al. 2015, Jabeen et al. 2016), at least 47 Inocybe species are resolved in the Inosperma clade (Matheny 2009, Matheny et al. 2009, Kropp et al. 2013, Pradeep et al. 2016, Latha & Manimohan 2016). From Pakistan, 26 species of Inocybe have been reported, but only a few studies have verified the taxonomic identity of specimens using molecular data (Ahmad et al. 1997, Ilyas et al. 2013, Saba et al. 2015, Jabeen et al. 2016). The only species in the Inosperma clade that has been reported from Pakistan is Inocybe mimica Massee (Saba et al. 2015). Here we describe a new species, Inocybe shawarensis, from Shawar Valley, Swat district, Pakistan. The specimens were characterised by morphological characters as well as molecular datasets based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of nrDNA. Based on traditional classifications (Kithner 1980, Kuyper 1986, Stangl 1989), our new species would be placed in Inocybe sect. Rimosae within I. subg. Inosperma. Materials & methods Sampling Site The Swat district (34.34-35.55°N 72.08-72.50°E), situated in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan, is well known for its unique biodiversity (Shinwari et al. 2003). Its Shawar Valley, which occupies an area of 48.77 km’ within the Hindu Kush mountain range (Ahmad & Sirajuddin 1996), is topographically mountainous, varying in elevation from 1200 m to 3800 m (Anonymous 1999). Floristically the Valley is representative of the western Himalayan Province. The climate is moist temperate with temperatures averaging a winter minimum of 4.8°C and summer maximum of 33.5°C and an average annual rainfall of about 800 mm, with precipitation occurring in spring and summer seasons with snowfall at higher elevations (Ullah et al. 2014). Fruiting bodies of Inocybe, collected during a field investigation of ectomycorrhizal communities associated with the oaks of Swat during 2014-2016, were found in a pure Quercus forest in Shawar Valley. The type locality lies in a thick moist temperate forest Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 911 of Quercus oblongata D. Don [= Q. incana Roxb., nom. illeg.] along a tributary of the Swat River. Morphological analyses Fruiting bodies of Inocybe were collected and photographed in the field using a Nikon D70S camera. Morphological characters were recorded from fresh specimens. Color designations were based on the Munsell Color System (Munsell 1975). For preservation specimens were dried using an electric fan heater. Rehydrated material was examined microscopically in 5% KOH, phloxine, and Melzer’s reagents. Anatomical features of basidiospores, basidia, cystidia, stipe hyphae and pileus hyphae were measured at 1000x magnification and include: arithmetic mean of spore length and width for all spores measured, Q = spore length divided by spore width. Spore size range was determined by 30 basidiospore measurements from each fruiting body. Specimens were deposited in the Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan (LAH) and the University of Florida Herbarium, Gainesville FL, USA (FLAS). DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing Genomic DNA was extracted from gill tissue using a modified CTAB method (Gardes & Bruns 1993). ITS and LSU regions were amplified by the primer pairs ITS1F/ ITS4B and LROR/LRS, respectively. All PCR products were evaluated for successful amplification using SYBR Green and 1.5% agarose gels with TAE buffer for gel electrophoresis. Amplicons were prepared for sequencing via enzymatic purification using Exonuclease I and Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase enzymes (Werle et al. 1994). Purified products were sequenced by the University of Florida's Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research (http://www.biotech.ufl.edu/). Sequence chromatograms were trimmed, edited, and assembled using Sequencer 4.1 (GeneCodes, Ann Arbor, MI). DNA sequences generated for this study were deposited in GenBank. Molecular phylogenetic analysis For alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the top 100 BLAST search result sequences were selected from GenBank using NCBI BLAST (http://www.ncbi.nlm.niih.gov/). Other closely related species were also included based on the published literature in the final dataset. Sequences were manually edited and assembled using BioEdit (www.mbio. ncsu.edu/bioedit/bioedit.html). After sequence alignment by Muscle, all sequences were trimmed between the conserved motifs 5’-(...GAT) CATTA— and —GACCT(CAAA...)—3’ (Dentinger et al. 2011). Auritella species were selected as outgroup based on results reported by Larsson et al. (2009). Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the Maximum Likelihood (ML) algorithm using a general time-reversible model (Nei & Kumar 2000) and nearest-neighbour interchange as the ML heuristic search method using MEGA6 software. The topology was assessed by 1000 bootstrap replicates. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained by applying the Neighbor- Joining method to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the Maximum 912 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith Composite Likelihood (MCL) approach. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA6 (Tamura et al. 2013). Taxonomy Inocybe shawarensis Naseer & Khalid, sp. nov. Fia. 1 MycoBank MB 820130 Differs from Inocybe quietiodor by its brown pileus with a less prominent, campanulate umbo, its gray gills, its silvery lower stipe and dark gray upper stipe, and its smaller, more phaseoliform spores. Type: Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Swat district, Shawar Valley, 2100 m a.s.l, solitary on ground under Quercus oblongata D. Don [= Q. incana Roxb., nom. illeg.], 14 July 2015, Arooj Naseer ASSW79 (Holotype, FLAS-F-S9456; GenBank KY616964, KY616966. Isotype, LAH35195; GenBank KY616965). ErymMo ocy: The specific epithet shawarensis refers to the Shawar Valley, the location where the type was collected. Piteus: 30 mm diam., campanulate, umbonate, margin slightly incurved or deflexed; surface fibrillose, rimose or cracked towards the margin; dark brown (7.5yR4/8) at the centre, becoming lighter brown in patches towards the margin that is creamy white (10y8/2). LAMELLAE subdistant, fimbriate, eroded, light gray (2.5Gy8/2) when young; LAMELLULAE of varying lengths, alternating with lamellae. STIPE: 4.8 x 0.4 cm, cylindrical, central; surface fibrillose, apex slightly pruinose, slightly narrower towards apex, base slightly swollen to bulbous; base light brown (7.5yR4/8) with lower two third creamy or silvery white and upper one third dark gray (2.5yG5/2) Basip1ospores [60/2/1], (4.5-)4.7-6.5(-6.8) x (2.7-)2.8 x 3.7(-3.8) um, avl x avw = 5.2 x 3.2 um, Q = (1.2-)1.3-1.9(-2.5), avQ = 1.63, yellowish brown in KOH, smooth, thick walled, phaseoliform. BAsrp1a 22-31 x 6-10 um, light brown, clavate, blunt ended, four-spored. CHEILOCYSTIDIA 21-55 x 9-11 um, clavate, thin walled, in groups. PLEUROCYSTIDIA none. PILEIPELLIS a radially orientated cutis of thin-walled hyphae, 5-7 um diam., cylindrical, walls smooth or finely encrusted, light brown in KOH, blunt ends, septate, clamped. CauLocystTip1< only at apex, more or less similar to cheilocystidia. STIPITIPELLIS hyphae 4-7 um diam., septate, filamentous, unbranched. CLamp CONNECTIONS present. Odour not recorded. Molecular phylogenetic analysis Inocybe shawarensis sequences of the amplified products of ITS (KY616964, KY616965) and LSU (KY616966) were BLAST searched at NCBI. Both the ITS and Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 913 H o_o Fic. 1. Inocybe shawarensis (isotype, LAH35195). A, B. basidiomata; C. basidiospores; D. basidia; E. cheilocystidia; F. caulocystidia; G. pileipellis; H. stipitipellis. Scale bars: A, B = 1.5 um; C = 5 um; D = 12 um; E, F = 16 um; G, H = 13 um. 914 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith LSU sequences suggest a close affinity with I. quietiodor Bon. The LSU sequence was 97% identical to I. quietiodor (FJ904174) with 100% query coverage, whereas the ITS sequence showed 93% sequence similarity with I. quietiodor (FJ936168) with 100% query coverage. The ITS analysis comprised 52 nucleotide sequences with 1405 positions total in the final dataset, while the LSU analysis comprised 40 nucleotide sequences with 852 positions in the final dataset. Maculata Inosperma JF908117 | geraniodora EU523576 | mutata JF908128 | cervicolor _ |Cervicolore: HQ604816 | calamistrata i JQ801385 | apiosmota — AY635766 Auritella aureoplumosa AY380395 Auritella geoaustralis Jesse 69 AY 380371 Auritella dolichocystis Fic. 2. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences from Inocybe spp. in the Inosperma clade inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method. The analysis involved 52 nucleotide sequences. The tree with the highest log likelihood (—9223.6738) is shown. Sequences generated during this study are represented by dots. Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 915 Maculata EU555463 | cf er Inosperma JQ994476 | mutata JN975021 | apiosmota FN550945 | geraniodora ervicolore JQ815417 | cervicolor AY635766 Auritella aureoplumosa 42 AY380395 Auritella geoaustralis AY635764 Auritella dolichocystis Out group 0.02 Fic. 3. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of LSU sequences from Inocybe spp. in Inosperma clade inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method. The analysis involved 40 nucleotide sequences. The tree with the highest log likelihood is shown. The sequence generated during this study is represented by a dot. Our analysis revealed two major lineages within the Inosperma clade. The new species clustered with I. quietiodor in the Maculata subclade, whereas the Cervicolores subclade was resolved as a distinctly monophyletic group. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. 916 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith Discussion Species in the Maculata subclade are characterized in part by the presence of thin-walled often clavate to pyriform cheilocystidia, phaseoliform spores, and specific odours, and the stipe base tends to be distinctly bulbous, as found in I. cookei Bres., I. maculata Boud., and I. quietiodor (Larsson et al. 2009). Inocybe shawarensis is characterized by its brown fibrillose campanulate pileus, grayish hymenium, a stipe surface that is silvery white on the lower two-thirds and dark gray on the upper third, a cylindrical stipe that is slightly pruinose at apex, slightly bulbous stipe base, an absence of pleurocystidia, and small phaseoliform yellowish brown spores. Our new species is morphologically similar to Inocybe quietiodor but separated with 70% bootstrap value from I. quietiodor (FJ93618, AM882950, AM882961), with which it forms a sister clade that includes Inocybe cf. reisneri (sampled from Japan). Compared to I. shawarensis, characterized with a brown campanulate pileus and gray gills, I. quietiodor has a more prominently umbonate yellowish (5y8/10) pileus and yellowish lamellae. Inocybe quietiodor is further distinguished by its yellow cylindrical stipe with the whitish bulbous base and larger and less phaseoliform spores. Inocybe cookei is distinguished morphologically by its conspicuously marginate bulbous base (bulb <16 mm) and pyriform cheilocystidia. The Indian species I. gregaria K.P.D. Latha & Manim., I. virosa C.K. Pradeep et al., and I. carnosibulbosa C.K. Pradeep & Matheny falling in the Inosperma clade “Old World tropical clade 2” may be comparable to our taxon. Inocybe shawarensis differs from these, however, by its placement in the Maculata subclade and its smaller basidiomata (Pradeep et al. 2016, Latha & Manimohan 2016). Acknowledgements We are sincerely grateful to Dr. Brandon Matheny, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, for his comments on an earlier version of this paper. We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. Abdul Rehman Niazi (Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, University Of the Punjab, Lahore) for also acting as pre-submission reviewer of this manuscript. We are also thankful to Dr. Sana Jabeen (University of Education, Lahore) for her help during the manuscript preparation. Literature cited Ahmad H, Sirajuddin. 1996. Ethnobotanical profile of Swat. 202-206, in: ZK Shinwari et al. (eds). Proceedings of First Training Workshop on Ethnobotany and its Application to Conservation, National herbarium, NARC, Islamabad. Inocybe shawarensis sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 917 Ahmad S, Iqbal SH, Khalid AN. 1997. Fungi of Pakistan. Lahore, Pakistan: Sultan Ahmad Mycological Society. Anonymous. 1999. District Census Report, Swat. Population census organization, Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad. pp. 198- 201. Dentinger BTM, Didukh MY, Moncalvo JM. 2011. Comparing COI and ITS barcode markers for mushrooms and allies (Agaricomycotina). PLoS One 6(9): e25081. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025081 Gardes M, Bruns TD. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes— application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x Horak E, Matheny PB, Desjardin DE, Soytong K. 2015. The genus Inocybe (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in ‘Thailand and Malaysia. Phytotaxa 230(3): 201-238. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.3.1 Ilyas S, Razaq A, Khalid AN. 2013. Inocybe nitidiuscula and its ectomycorrhizae with Alnus nitida from Galyat, Pakistan. Mycotaxon 124: 247-254. https://doi.org/10.5248/124.247 Jabeen S, Ahmad I, Rashed A, Khalid AN. 2016. Inocybe kohistanensis, a new species from Swat, Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 312-318. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1501-17 Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Kobayashi T, Onishi S. 2010. Inocybe sericella, a new species of Inocybe sect. Inocybe [= Cortinatae] from Kobe, Japan. Nova Hedwigia 90: 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2010/0090-0227 Kropp BR, Matheny PB, Hutchison LJ. 2013. Inocybe section Rimosae in Utah: phylogenetic affinities and new species. Mycologia, 105: 728-747. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-185 Kiihner R. 1980. Les Hyménomycetes agaricoides. Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 49(num. spéc.). 1027 p. Kuyper TW. 1986. A revision of the genus Inocybe in Europe. 1. Subgenus Inosperma and the smooth spored species of subgenus Inocybe. Persoonia Supplement 3. 247 p. Larsson E, Ryberg M, Moreau PA, Mathiesen AD, Jacobsson S. 2009. Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships within species of section Rimosae (Inocybe) based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data. Persoonia 23: 86-98. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X475913 Latha KDP, Manimohan P. 2016. Inocybe gregaria, a new species of the Inosperma clade from tropical India. Phytotaxa 286: 107-115. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.286.2.5 Matheny PB. 2009. A phylogenetic classification of the Inocybaceae. Mcllvainea 18(1): 11-21. Matheny PB, Aime MC, Bougher NL, Buyck B, Desjardin DE, Horak E, Kropp BR, Lodge DJ, Trappe JM, Hibbett DS. 2009. Out of the Palaeotropics? Historical biogeography and diversification of the cosmopolitan mushroom family Inocybaceae. Journal of Biogeography 36: 577-592. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02055.x Matheny PB, Aime MC, Smith ME, Henkel TW. 2012. New species and reports of Inocybe (Agaricales) from Guyana. Kurtziana 37: 23-39. Munsell . 1975. Munsell Soil Color Charts. Baltimore, MD, USA: Munsell Color Co. Nei M, Kumar S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. New York, NY, USA: Oxford University Press. Pradeep CK, Vrinda KB, Varghese SP, Korotkinsm HB, Matheny PB. 2016. New and noteworthy species of Inocybe (Agaricales) from tropical India. Mycological Progress 15:24 [25 p.]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-016-1174-z Saba M, Ahmad I, Khalid AN. 2015. New reports of Inocybe from pine forests in Pakistan. Mycotaxon 130(3): 671-681. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.671 918 ... Naseer, Khalid & Smith Shinwari ZK, Khan AS, Nakaike T. 2003. Medicinal and other useful plants of District Swat. Pakistan: Al Aziz Communications, Peshawar, Pakistan. 187 p. Stangl J. 1989. Die Gattung Inocybe in Bayern. Hoppea 46: 5-388. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725-2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197 Ullah M, Mirza SN, Saleem A. 2014. Assessment of growing stock of Matta forest subdivision of Swat forest division. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 5(9): 518-522. Werle E, Schneider C, Renner M, Volker M, Fiehn W. 1994. Convenient single-step, one tube purification of PCR products for direct sequencing. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4354-4355. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.20.4354 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 919-923 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.919 Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov., an aquatic hyphomycete from China JUN-EN HUANG’, HAI-YAN SONG’, XI-GEN HUANG}, JIAN Ma” & D1AN-MinG Hu™ "Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University & °College of Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China “ CORRESPONDENCE TO: Jian Ma, Dian-Ming Hu, email: hudianming1@163.com ABSTRACT—A new aquatic hyphomycete, Phaeomonilia aquatica, is described and illustrated from specimens collected on submerged wood in Jiangxi Province, China. Phaeomonilia aquatica is morphologically characterized by conidiophores with percurrent proliferation and aseptate smooth conidia that are spherical, subtriangular, subglobose, ellipsoidal to subfusiform or obovate and formed in branched acropetal chains. A key to Phaeomonilia species is provided. KEY worps — anamorphic fungi, freshwater fungi, lignicolous fungi, taxonomy Introduction Hyphomycetous fungi are highly diverse in freshwater habitats (Hu et al. 2013). As essential components in aquatic ecosystems, they play an irreplaceable role in the natural cycle of organic materials and energy. Their global distribution is poorly studied (Shearer et al. 2007), but our group has investigated the distribution of aquatic hyphomycetes for about ten years (Hu et al. 2007, 2010a,b, 2012a,b,c, 2013; Huang et al. 2016). The ongoing investigation in Jiangxi Province, China, has led to the collection of a new species of Phaeomonilia R.F. Castaneda et al. Materials & methods Unidentified wood samples submerged in a freshwater stream were collected in Jiangxi Province, China, and incubated in moist chambers at room temperature (ca. 25 920 ... Huang & al. °C). Samples were examined for fungal fruiting bodies using a dissecting microscope. Observations and photographs were prepared from materials mounted in water and examined with a Nikon Ni compound microscope (Hu et al. 2012a). The specimens examined were deposited in the Herbarium of Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China (HFJAU). Taxonomy Phaeomonilia aquatica J.E. Huang, H.Y. Song, Jian Ma & D.M. Hu, sp. nov. P11 MycoBANkK MB 821142 Differs from Phaeomonilia guangxiensis by its conidiophores with percurrent proliferations through the apex and by its narrower conidia, and from P. nanningensis by its conidiophores with percurrent proliferations through the apex and by its shorter hyaline to yellowish conidia. TypE—China, Jiangxi Province, Jiujiang, Lushan Mountain, in a stream on submerged wood, 13 Oct. 2016, J.E. Huang (Holotype, HFJAU 0148). ETyMOLOGY—aquatica, referring to the aquatic habitat of the fungus. COLONIES on submerged wood effuse, brown to dark brown, consisting of scattered single conidiophores over the substrate surface. MYCELIUM immersed orsuperficial, composed ofbrown, cylindrical, septate, infrequently branched hyphae. CoNrIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, sometimes more than 900 um long and 8.5-18 um diam., single, erect, straight or flexuous, branched or unbranched, smooth, occasionally rough, 15-35-septate, thin-walled, brown to dark brown toward the base, fading slightly toward the apex, with percurrent proliferations through the apex, giving rise to new conidiogenous loci at the apex. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS holothallic, 12-29 x 8.5-13 um, terminal, subapical or lateral, obovoid, cupulate or obtrapezoid, smooth, pale brown, with several pale brown to hyaline trapezoid denticles, 3.0-5.9 x 0.9-2.3 um. Conrp1A thallic-arthric, 1-celled, 8-14 x 7.5-12 um, spherical, subtriangular, subglobose, ellipsoidal to subfusiform or obovate, hyaline to yellowish, in branched acropetal chains of about seven conidia, thin-walled, with some small wart on the surface. Conidial secession schizolytic. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED—CHINA, JIANGXI PROVINCE, Jiujiang, Lushan Mountain, in a stream on submerged wood, 13 Oct. 2016, J.-E. Huang (HFJAU 0323). PLATE 1. Phaeomonilia aquatica (holotype, HFJAU 0148). a. Conidiophore and conidia on submerged wood; b-d. Conidiophores and conidia. Note the proliferation (arrowed in d); e-f. Conidial chains; g. Conidiogenous cell with conidia; h-k. Conidiogenous cells; l-s. Conidia. Scale bars: a, b = 100 um; c-f = 50 um; g = 20 um; h-s = 5 um. Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov. (China) ... 921 922 ... Huang & al. Discussion Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2007) erected Phaeomonilia for two species, P. pleiomorpha R.F. Castaneda et al. (type species) and P corticola (R.F. Castafieda) R.E. Castafieda et al. [= Monilia corticola R.F. Castafeda]. They compared Phaeomonilia morphologically with similar genera, including Botryomonilia Goos & Piroz., Staheliella Emden, and Oidiodendron Robak. Subsequently, Ma et al. (2015) and Yang et al. (2016) described P guangxiensis Y.R. Ma & X.G. Zhang and P. nanningensis C.L. Yang & X.G. Zhang from China. Phaeomonilia pleiomorpha was collected from a palm petiole submerged in a stream, but the other three species were collected from decaying petioles, twigs, or stems in terrestrial habitats. Phaeomonilia aquatica is the second species reported from freshwater habitats. Phaeomonilia aquatica can be easily distinguished from the other species of Phaeomonilia by its percurrently proliferating conidiophores. In addition, P pleiomorpha differs from P. aquatica by its smaller, globose, broadly Y-shaped conidia (4.0-5.8 x 3.9-4.4 um) and its Stylaspergillus-like synanamorph (Castafeda-Ruiz et al. 2007); P guangxiensis differs by its slightly shorter and wider, colorless, ellipsoid to globose, broadly Y-shaped conidia (7-11 x 11-14.5 um; Ma et al. 2015); PR. nanningensis differs by its longer and slightly wider, brown to pale brown conidia (13.5-25 x 9-13 um; Yang et al. 2016); and P corticola differs by its narrower, doliiform or ellipsoid conidia (5.5-16 x 4-5 um; Castaneda-Ruiz et al. 2007). A key to Phaeomonilia species is presented below. Key to species of Phaeomonilia 1. Stylaspergillus-like synanamorph present ...................0000 P. pleiomorpha LANoSivlaspetoriis like synanamorpne, f0 See POR oe oe Le Sree 2 2. Conidia doliiform or ellipsoid, 5.5-16 x 4-5 um... ee ee eee P. corticola 21C conidia ot doliitgtitices A 5-tmTisC ati. the ofc te ee oe ee bey ee by ek eee an ee 3 3. Conidiophores with percurrent proliferation; conidia spherical, subtriangular, subglobose, ellipsoidal to subfusiform, or obovate. .... P. aquatica 3. Conidiophores without percurrent proliferation; conidia ellipsoidal, slobose.corn ashaped ce. Meteo oat 5 awe ina ace pig we efag aoe eng ned apn Oo apenas PME age 4 4, Conidia hyaline, 7-11 x 11-14.5 um ....... eee eee eee P. guangxiensis 4, Conidia brown to pale brown, 13.5-25 x 9-13 um ............0006- P. nanningensis Acknowledgments The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Eric H.C. McKenzie and Dr. Huang Zhang for their critical review of the manuscript, to Dr. Shaun Pennycook for Phaeomonilia aquatica sp. nov. (China) ... 923 nomenclatural review, and to Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell for editorial review. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31500021, 31460009) and The Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province (No. 20161 BBF60078). Literature cited Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia-Abarca G, Arias RM, Saikawa M, Minter DW, Stadler M. 2007. Anamorphic fungi from submerged plant material: Phaeomonilia pleiomorpha, P. corticola and Cacumisporium pleuroconidiophorum. Mycotaxon 100: 327-336. Hu DM, Zhu H, Cai L, Hyde KD, Zhang KQ. 2007. Sirothecium triseriale, a new chirosporous anamorphic species from China. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 28: 311-314. Hu DM, Cai L, Chen H, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2010a. Four new freshwater fungi associated with submerged wood from Southwest Asia. Sydowia 62: 191-203. Hu DM, Cai L, Chen H, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2010b. Fungal diversity on submerged wood in a tropical stream and an artificial lake. Biodiversity and Conservation 19: 3799-3808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9927-5 Hu DM, Cai L, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2012a. Two new freshwater species of Annulatascaceae from China. Mycotaxon 120: 81-88. https://doi.org/10.5248/120.81 Hu DM, Cai L, Hyde KD. 2012b. Three new ascomycetes from freshwater in China. Mycologia 104: 1478-1489. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-430 Hu DM, Chen H, Cai L, Bahkali AH, Hyde KD. 2012c. Aquapeziza: a new genus from freshwater, and its morphological and phylogenetic relationships to Pezizaceae. Mycologia 104: 540-546. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-123 Hu DM, Liu FE, Cai L. 2013. Biodiversity of aquatic fungi in China. Mycology 4: 125-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2013.835752 Huang JE, Song HY, Ma J, Guan GX, Hu DM. 2016. Xylohyphopsis aquatica sp. nov., a new aquatic hyphomycete from China. Mycotaxon 131: 391-394. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.391 Ma YR, Xia JW, Zhang XG, Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2015. New species of Phaeomonilia and Mirandina from dead branches in China. Mycotaxon 130: 775-781. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.775 Shearer CA, Descals E, Kohlmeyer B, Kohlmeyer J, Marvanova L, Padgett D, Porter D, Raja HA, Schmit JP, Thorton HA, Voglmayr H. 2007. Fungal biodiversity in aquatic habitats. Biodiversity and Conservation 16: 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9120-z Yang CL, Wang JY, Xia JW, Ma YR, Gao JM, Zhang XG. 2016. Phaeomonilia nanningensis sp. nov. and a new Craspedodidymum record from southern China. Mycotaxon 131: 547-551. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.547 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 925-931 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.925 Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. and M. navicularis from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest PHELIPE M.O. Costa’, ELAINE MALOsso", MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, WANDERSON L. TAVARES' & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ? "Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia & ? Programa de Pés-Graduagao em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil * Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT) Alejandro de Humboldt, OSDE, Grupo Agricola, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200 * CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br ABSTRACT—Minimelanolocus navicularis and a new species, M. atlanticus, are described and illustrated from collections on decaying leaves of unidentified plants. Minimelanolocus atlanticus is distinguished by oblong, 2-septate conidia, with brown basal and central cells and gray to subhyaline apical cell and slightly flattened or sub-rounded apex. Notes are provided on M. navicularis recorded from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Key worps—conidial fungi, asexual fungi, neotropic, systematic Introduction The genus Minimelanolocus, established by Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2001) and typified by Pseudospiropes navicularis R.F. Castaneda [= M. navicularis], is characterized by conidiophores that are macronematous, mononematous, erect, unbranched, smooth or verrucose and conidiogenous cells that are polyblastic, sympodial elongated, terminal, indeterminate, and with inconspicuous or slightly prominent, narrow, opaque, refractive to somewhat obscure conidiogenous loci. Minimelanolocus currently comprises 31 species (Castaneda-Ruiz et al. 2001, 2003; Fiuza et al. 2017; Heredia et al. 2014; Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2012; Liu et al. 2015; Ma et al. 2008, 2011; Tian 926 ... Costa & al. et al. 2016; Xia et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2009, 2010), most of which occur as saprobes on decaying leaves, rotten wood, dead branches, bamboo culms, and submerged plant debris in aquatic habitats. During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a Brazilian Atlantic forest, two conspicuous fungi representing Minimelanolocus were collected. We describe one as a new species and present a new description of the other, M. navicularis. Materials & methods Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and treated according to Castafeda-Ruiz et al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in lactic acid (90%) or in polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml H,O + 5 ml glycerol) and lactofuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin in 100 ml 85% lactic acid) following Carmichael (1955). Measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope with bright field optics, and photomicrographs were taken using DIC optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM). Taxonomy Minimelanolocus atlanticus PM.O. Costa, Malosso & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Figs 1, 2 INDEX FUNGORUM IF 554056 Differs from Minimelanolocus obscurus by its 2-septate and versicolored conidia. Type: Brazil, Pernambuco, Igarassu, RPPN Reftigio Ecoldgico Charles Darwin, 7°48’S 34°57’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 12.V.2017, coll. RM.O. Costa (Holotype, URM 90133). EryMo_oey: Latin, atlanticus, refers to habitat of the fungus, Brazilian Atlantic Forest. CoLonies on the natural substrate, effuse, hairy, brown. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown, smooth-walled hyphae, 2-3 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, slightly geniculate near the apex, unbranched, 7-15-septate, dark brown below, pale brown toward the apex, 200-300 x 5-7 um, smooth. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polyblastic, somewhat sinuate with inconspicuous denticulate or faintly cicatrized, opaque loci, terminal, integrated, indeterminate with several sympodial extensions, pale brown, 30-60 x 3.5-4 um. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acropleurogenous, oblong, sub-rounded or slightly flattened at the apex, 2-septate, bicolor with basal and central cells brown to dirty brown, apical cell smoked-gray to subhyaline, smooth, dry, 18-21 x 4-5 um. Sexual state unknown. Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 927 Fic. 1. Minimelanolocus atlanticus (ex holotype URM 90133). A. Conidia; B. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells; C. Conidiogenous cells; D. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. C & D share the same scale. 928 ... Costa & al. Fic. 2. Minimelanolocus atlanticus (ex holotype URM 90133). Conidiogenous cells and conidia. Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 929 Notes: Minimelanolocus obscurus (Matsush.) R.E Castafieda & Heredia [= Pseudospiropes obscurus Matsush.] is similar to M. atlanticus in producing oblong conidia but is distinguished by conidia that are 1-4-septate (usually 3-septate), larger (18-34 x 4.5-8 um), and uniformly colored subhyaline or pale brown (Castafeda-Ruiz et al. 2001, Liu et al. 2015, Matsushima 1983). Minimelanolocus navicularis (R.F. Castafieda) R.E Castafieda, Cryptog. Mycol. 22: 9 (2001). Fic. 3 CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight or flexuous, unbranched, cylindrical, inflated at the base, 2-5-septate, smooth, brown, pale brown above, smooth, 43-70 x 4-6 um. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS polyblastic, integrated, terminal, indeterminate, sympodial elongated, pbebe bee 10 pm 10 pm Fic. 3. Minimelanolocus navicularis (ex URM 90185). A. Conidia; B. Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. 930 ... Costa & al. inconspicuous denticulate, slightly melanized at the loci, 14-22 x 3-4 um, pale brown. Conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1a solitary, acropleurogenous, navicular, straight, smooth, 3-euseptate, 17-24 x 5-8.5 um, obscure at the septa, dry, with subhyaline to pale brown end cells, brown to dark brown central cells. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: BRAZIL, PERNAMBUCO STATE, Lagoa da Mata, Ilha de Itamaraca, 7°46’S 34°51’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 23.X1.2016, coll. W.L. Tavares (URM 90185). Notes: Minimelanolocus navicularis has been previously recorded in Brazil by Santa Izabel et al. (2011); their specimen had longer conidiophores (45-155 um) than our specimen, but the conidia in both specimens closely match those of the type species (20-25 x 6-8 um; Castaneda-Ruiz 1987). Acknowledgments The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) (Project 88881.062172/ 2014-01) and Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras for financial support. RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal (Project P131LH003033) for facilities. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and K. Bensch, through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated. Literature cited Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611. Castaneda-Ruiz RE. 1987. Fungi cubenses II. La Habana, Cuba. 22 p. Castaneda-Ruiz RE Heredia G, Reyes M, Arias RM, Decock C. 2001. A revision of the genus Pseudospiropes and some new taxa. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 22: 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0181-1584(01)01057-0 Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Guarro J, Velasquez-Noa S, Gené J. 2003. A new species of Minimelanolocus and some hyphomycete records from rain forests in Brazil. Mycotaxon 85: 231-239. Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9 Fiuza PO, Conceigéo LB, Marques MFO, Gusmao LFP, Rafael F. Castafieda-Ruiz RF. 2017. Dictyotrichocladium aquaticum gen. & sp. nov. and Minimelanolocus aquatilis sp. nov. from freshwater in Brazil's semiarid region. Mycotaxon 132(2): 433-440. https://doi. org/10.5248/132.433. Heredia G, Arias RM, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Minter DW. 2014. New species of Lobatopedis and Minimelanolocus (anamorphic fungi) from a Mexican cloud forest. Nova Hedwigia 98: 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0146 Hernandez-Restrepo M, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Gené J, Guarro J, Minter DW, Stadler M. 2012. Microfungi from Portugal: Minimelanolocus manifestus sp. nov. and Vermiculariopsiella pediculata comb. nov. Mycotaxon 122: 135-143. https://doi.org/10.5248/122.135 Minimelanolocus atlanticus sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 931 Liu XY, Udayanga D, Luo ZL, Chen LJ, Zhou DQ, Hyde KD. 2015. Backbone tree for Chaetothyriales with four new species of Minimelanolocus from aquatic habitats. Fungal Biology 119: 1046-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2015.08.005 Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2008. Two new species of the Minimelanolocus in China. Mycotaxon 104: 147-151. Ma J, Zhang YD, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2011. Two new Minimelanolocus species from southern China. Mycotaxon 117: 131-135. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.131 Matsushima T. 1983. Matsushima mycological memoirs, no. 3. 90 p. Santa Izabel TS, Santos DS, Almeida DAC de, Gusmao LFP. 2011.Fungos conidiais do bioma Caatinga II. Novos registros para o continente americano, Neotrépico, América do Sul e Brasil. Rodriguésia 62(2): 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201162201 Tian Q, Doilom M, Luo ZL, Chomnunti P, Bhat JD, Xu JC, Hyde KD. 2016. Introducing Melanoctona tectonae gen. et sp. nov. and Minimelanolocus yunnanensis sp. nov. (Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 37: 477-492. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v37.iss4.2016.477 Xia JW, Ma LG, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Zhang XG. 2014. Minimelanolocus bicolorata sp. nov., Paradendryphiopsis elegans sp. nov. and Corynesporella bannaense sp. nov. from southern China. Mycoscience 55: 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2013.11.003 Zhang K, Fu HB, Zhang XG. 2009. Taxonomic studies of Minimelanolocus from Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 109: 95-101. https://doi.org/10.5248/109.95 Zhang YD, Ma J, Ma LG, Zhang XG. 2010. A new species of Minimelanolocus from Fujian, China. Mycotaxon 114: 373-376. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.373 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 933-941 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.933 New records of Amanita from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve, México EVANGELINA PEREZ-SILVA* & ABRAHAM J. MEDINA-ORTIZ Botany Department, Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, C.P. 04510, México City, México * Correspondence to: psilva@ib.unam.mx ABSTRACT—Specimens of Amanita caesarea, A. flavoconia, A. flavorubescens, A. fulva, A. onusta, A. pantherina, A. rubescens, A. vaginata, and A. verna are described as new records from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve. There were no records of mycetism produced by the consumption of those species in the reserve. Key worps—Amanitaceae, Agaricales, edible, Oaxaca, taxonomy, toxic Introduction Ruiz-Oronoz & Herrera (1948) and Herrera (1950) were to first to initiate mycological research in the Cuicatlan district of Oaxaca. In 1998, President Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon proclaimed the studied region as the Natural Protected Area of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Biosphere Reserve in the states of Puebla and Oaxaca, México, with the intent of conserving its plant, animal, and fungal diversity as well as its huge human cultural wealth. Since mycological studies were restarted in 1996, fungi have been collected in different the vegetation types of tropical subdeciduous forest, deciduous forest, and pine-oak forest. As a result of collaborative work amongst the Institute of Biology (National Autonomous University of Mexico), Ejidal and Communal Commission of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, and National Commission of Natural Protected Areas with the communities of San Pedro Jocotipac and Santa Maria Papalo, nine species of Amanita (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) have been recorded from this region for the first time. 934 ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz The aim of this research was to extend the taxonomic knowledge of Amanita as an exploitable natural resource. Of the nine Amanita spp. identified, four were edible and five were toxic (one fatally poisonous). In view of the fact that the reserve’s mycobiota is basically unknown, it is imperative that fungal research be continued in the region. Materials & methods Specimens were collected in oak forests in the Cuicatlan district. Digital pictures, field data, and macro- and microscopical characterization of samples were performed. Collections are deposited in the Fungus Collection of the National Herbarium, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of México (MEXU). Colour codes in descriptions follow Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Morphological structures were observed using a stereomicroscope and compound light microscope. Basidiomes were sectioned and mounted in ammonia water (1%), KOH (5%), Melzer reagent, neutral red (1%), and cotton blue in lactic acid solutions. Species were identified consulting Bas (1969), Jenkins (1977), Arora (1986), Pérez-Silva & Herrera (1991), Phillips (1991), and Tulloss et al. (1992). Taxonomy Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers., Syn. Meth. Fung. Pars 2: 252 (1801). Fie. 1 BASIDIOME 90-120 mm high. Prteus 5.5-10.5 mm diam., convex, becoming flatter in age, with long striate margin; disc high red to vivid red (11A8), paler toward the margin. LAMELLAE 8 mm broad, adnate, with entire edge, pale yellow (4A3). Stipe 9-12 x 8-17 cm, pale yellow, with darker orange fiber or patches; annulus pendulous, membranous, yellowish, attached to the upper stem, often striate; no basal bulb, white volval sac. CONTEXT white to yellowish. ODOR & TASTE pleasant. BASIDIOSPORES 8-16.5 x 5.5-8 um, elliptical, thin-walled; basal cylindric apiculus; uniguttulate, broadly ellipsoid; hyaline, inamyloid. BAsip1A 38.5-49.5 x 10-11 um, tetrasporic, with basal clamp connections. EcoLoGy—Solitary (rarely in groups) in pine-oak woods during July- November; mycorrhizal; widely distributed in México, where it is reported as an edible of excellent culinary value; commonly called “yellow fungus” (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). SPECIMENS EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz Martinez (MEXU 27820); El Sdétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, F. Hernandez (MEXU 27827). COMMENTS—Amanita caesarea is easily distinguished by its bright yellow gills and stipe, brilliant red to orange cap with striate margin, and voluminous white Amanita spp. new from Tehuacaén-Cuicatlan ... 935 FiGurREs 1-8. Amanita species basidiomata. 1: A. caesarea (MEXU 27827). 2: A. flavoconia (MEXU 27828). 3: A. fulva (MEXU 27833). 4:.A. onusta (MEXU 27823). 5:.A. pantherina (MEXU 27835). 6: A. rubescens (MEXU 27832). 7: A. vaginata (MEXU 27824). 8: A. verna (MEXU 27825). volva (Arora 1986). Fresh mushrooms are sold at markets and along roadsides in México (Montoya et al. 2001) and the United States (Volk 2017). Amanita jacksonii is similar, but differs by its larger, bright orange-red basidiome and occurrence in northern mixed forests of Canada. Amanita flavoconia G.F. Atk., J. Mycol. 8(3): 110 (1902). Fic. 2 BASIDIOME 80 mm high. Piteus 40-60 mm diam., convex, becoming broadly flatter when maturing, yellowish red (8B8); surface often viscid, with bright yellow universal veil remnants; not striate margin. LAMELLAE 7 mm broad, white to pale yellow (4A3), free from stem, with entire edge. STIPE 60-80 x 5-9 mm, white to yellowish, membranous annulus to the apex, pale yellow; swollen basal bulb, 20 mm diam., covered with yellow floccose veil fragments, friable volva. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE pleasant. BASIDIOSPORES 8-9 xX 6-7 um, ovoid, hyaline, amyloid, thin-walled. BASIDIA 33-38 x 8-8.5 um, clavate, tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS hyphae 2-5 um wide, gelatinized filamentous; oleiferous hyphae 2-4 um wide. 936 ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz EcoLtocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods; fructification during July- November; wide distribution in México (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Villanueva-Jiménez et al. (2006) cited from Ixtlan, Oaxaca. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina-Ruiz, A. de la Cruz Martinez (MEXU 27821); El Sdétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, FE Hernandez (MEXU 27828). CoMMENTS—Amanita flavoconia has been reported as toxic in several localities in USA (Metzler & Metzler 1992) and may cause gastrointestinal mycetism. Benedict et al. (1966) did not detect ibotenic acid or muscimol nor did Chilton & Ott (1976) find toxic metabolites. Aroche et al. (1984) reported presence of amanitins. Amanita flavorubescens G.F. Atk., J. Mycol. 8(3): 111 (1902). BASIDIOME 60 mm high. PrLrEus 40-60 mm diam., convex, becoming flatter when maturing, orange yellow (4A8); thick yellow warts of volva around center. LAMELLAE 5 mm broad, white to pale yellow (4A3), free from stipe, white pulverulent edge. Stipe 50-70 x 3-7 mm, yellow to pale yellow, narrower at the apex, pruinose to powdery; annulus membranous, skirt-like; basal bulb, 5-15 mm diam., with yellowish margin. CONTEXT white, reddish at the base. ODOR & TASTE not distinctive. BASIDIOSPORES 9-10 x 5-7 um, ellipsoid, thin-walled, uniguttulate, with basal eccentric apiculus, amyloid. Basrp1a tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS hyphae 2-5 um wide, filamentous; oleiferous hyphae present. EcoLtoGy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July-November; mycorrhizal; widely distributed in Chihuahua, Estado de México, Hidalgo and Morelos States of México (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Edibility unknown. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz Martinez (MEXU 27822); Santa Maria Papalo, 12 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina- Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, EF. Hernandez (MEXU 27829). ComMMENTsS—Amanita flavorubescens is easily recognized by its striking yellow pileus with yellow warts, free white crowded lamellae with floccose edges, yellowish stipe with a superior annulus and slightly reddish persistently bulbous base. Amanita fulva Fr., Observ. Mycol. 1: 2 (1815). Fic. 3 BASIDIOME 90 mm high. PiLEus 25-45 mm diam., oval, becoming broadly convex or flat in age; brownish grey (8D2) to dark brown (8F5); surface viscid Amanita spp. new from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan ... 937 when moist; remarkably striate margin; LAMELLAE 4 mm broad, whitish (9A1), free from the stem. STIPE 95 x 5 mm, with very fine hairs, without annulus; the base enclosed by a white large volva. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE indistinct. BASIDIOSPORES 8-10 x 9 um, globose, apiculus basal and eccentric, hyaline, inamyloid. Basip1a 23-38 x 5-7 um, tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS hyphae 2-8 um wide, thin filamentous, brown. EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July; in México widely distributed in Durango, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Morelos, Puebla and Veracruz states (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Edible, although toxic when raw or poorly cooked (Pérez-Silva 2004). SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, El Sétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, FE Hernandez (MEXU 27830); Santa Maria Papalo, 11 Jul 2014, E. Perez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, F. Hernandez (MEXU 27833). ComMMENTS—Amanita fulva is easily recognized by its often umbonate pileus, striate margin, free whitish lamellae, the stipe lacking an annulus, large white volva, and inamyloid spores. Amanita onusta (Howe) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 9: 1 (1891). Fic. 4 BASIDIOME 90-180 mm high. PiLeus 45-90 mm diam., convex, expanding to flat in age; white (10E2) to pale gray (1B1), covered with dark grey to brownish grey pyramidal warts, 5 mm high (but shorter toward margin), veil fragments frequent. LAMELLAE 10 mm broad, white to pale gray (1B1), ventricose, adnexed, floccose. STIPE 90-180 x 15-25 mm, brownish-grey, paler towards the top; annulus apical but lost in age; base a ventricose to napiform basal bulb, 25-35 mm diam.; volva floccose, fibrillose, brownish grey, remnants in circles around stipe. CONTEXT whitish. ODOR & TASTE unpleasant. BASIDIOSPORES 9-10 x 6-7 um, ellipsoid, thin-walled, amyloid. BAsrp1a 38-44 x 6-9 um, pyriform; clamp connections present. PILEIPELLIS thick layer interwoven, hyphae 3 um diam.; oleiferous hyphae abundant. EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during November; mycorrhizal; previously reported in México from Estado de México and Veracruz State (Pérez-Silva & Herrera, 1991) and now for the first time in Oaxaca State. Little is known regarding its edibility, but its unpleasant odor probably deters consumption. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz Martinez (MEXU 27823). 938 ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz COMMENTS—Amanita onusta is characterized by its white to pale grey pileus covered with dark gray to brownish grey pyramidal warts, its dirty white stipe with a paler apex, and elliptical amyloid spores. Amanita pantherina (DC.) Krombh., Naturgetr. Abbild. Schwamme 4: t.29 f. 10-13 (1836). Fic. 5 BASIDIOME 50-150 mm high. Piteus 50-70 mm diam., convex, finally flattened; brownish grey (9D3), surface slightly viscid, covered with adnate white warts. LAMELLAE 8 mm broad, white, free, narrowed to the stem. STIPE 80-120 x 20-50 mm, white, apical annulus, smooth; basal bulb, volva with 2-3 concentric rings. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE unpleasant. BASIDIOSPORES 7-10 x 6-9 um, ovoid, thin-walled, with hilar appendix. BASIDIA 38-55 x 10-15 um. EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July; reported from Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Estado de México, and Puebla states (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991) and from Ixtlan Mountain range in Oaxaca State by Villanueva- Jiménez et al. (2006). Although there is no data regarding intoxication from the Cuicatlan District, Amanita pantherina is known to produce ibotenic acid (Pérez-Silva 2004; Pérez-Silva et al. 2006, 2008), which causes nervous mycetism. STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, El Sotano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, FE Hernandez (MEXU 27831); Santa Maria Papalo, 12 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, F. Hernandez (MEXU 27835). CoMMENTS—Amanita pantherina is easily recognized by its viscid brownish pileus decorated with white to cream patches and initially striate curved margin, free white lamellae, white stipe with a superior annulus and basal bulb, and its 2-3 concentrically ringed volva. Amanita rubescens Pers., Tent. Disp. Meth. Fung.: 67 (1797). FIG. 6 BASIDIOME 60-80 mm high. Pireus 40-85 mm diam., convex, becoming flat; reddish to reddish white (13A2); surface covered with adnexed warts; spotted reddish where injured. LAMELLAE 4 mm broad, white to pale reddish (13A2), free. StrpE 70-100 x 10-25 mm, concolorous with the pileus, white; annulus large, membranous; basal bulb, staining reddish; volva scaly, reddish grey (7B2), sometimes leaving remnants in circles. CONTEXT white, staining pinkish when injured. ODOR & TASTE pleasant. BASIDIOSPORES 8-9 x 5-7 um, elliptical, thin-walled, smooth, amyloid. Basip1a 44-47 x 8 um, cylindrical, tetrasporic. Amanita spp. new from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan ... 939 EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during July, widely distributed in México from Baja California, Chihuahua, Distrito Federal, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacan, Morelos, Nuevo Leén, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Veracruz, and Zacatecas states (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Considered edible after discarding the first cooking water, which removes the toxic protein rubescenslysine. Nonetheless, Amanita rubescens is not usually consumed when parasitized by Hypomyces hyalinus. STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, El Sétano, 11 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, F. Hernandez (MEXU 27832). CoMMENTS—Amanita rubescens is easily recognized by its white to reddish pileus. Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot.. 1(1): 109 (1783). Fig. 7 BASIDIOME 70 mm high. PrLEus 30 mm diam., ovoid, becoming flat with a low umbo; brownish grey (7E2), viscid when wet, covered with membranous white universal veil patches; margin radially striate. LAMELLAE 5 mm broad, close, free, white to pallid (1A2). Stipe 60-70 mm long, white, with scales; base enclosed in a sac-like volva, membranous, white. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE pleasant. BASIDIOSPORES 10-11 um, globose, hyaline, inamyloid. Basrp1a 50-60 um, tetrasporic. PILEIPELLIS with filamentous cuticle and abundant oleiferous hyphae. EcoLocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during November; widely distributed in México from Chihuahua, Estado de México, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca states (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991). Considered edible. STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F Medina-Ruiz, A. de la Cruz- Martinez (MEXU 27824). COMMENTS—Amanita vaginata contains hemolysins and may cause severe gastrointestinal mycetism when consumed raw. Pérez-Silva & Herrera (1991) cite several common names for this species. Amanita verna (Bull.) Lam., Encycl. Méth. Bot. 1(1): 113 (1783). Fic. 8 BASIDIOME 100 mm high. Prreus 70-90 mm diam., hemispheric with flattened center, becoming applanate; white (23A1) to whitish cream (24A1), occasionally with some scales. LAMELLAE 4-5 mm broad, white (24A1), free, edges serrate, floccose. STIPE 80-90 x 40-50 mm, cylindrical, white, pale yellow in 10% KOH; annulus superior, membranous, fragile; 9AO ... Pérez-Silva & Medina-Ortiz basal bulb 40-50 x 30-50 mm, covered with a persistent membranous saccate volva. CONTEXT white. ODOR & TASTE unpleasant. EDIBILITY poisonous. BASIDIOSPORES 9-10 x 6-8 um, ellipsoid, thin-walled, hyaline, amyloid. Basip1A 40-44 x 5-6 um, tetrasporic, yellowish. EcoLtocy—Solitary in pine-oak woods during November; widely distributed in México from Durango, Estado de México, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Michoacan, Morelos, Sonora, and Veracruz states (Pérez-Silva & Herrera 1991); previously reported from Ixtlan belt of Oaxaca State (Villanueva-Jiménez et al. 2006). STUDIED MATERIAL. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan District, San Pedro Jocotipac, Ciénega de Cochino, 17 Nov 2013, A.J. Medina-Ortiz, F. Medina Ruiz, A. de la Cruz Martinez (MEXU 27825); Santa Maria Papalo, 12 Jul 2014, E. Pérez-Silva, A.J. Medina- Ortiz, A. Garcia-Mendoza, EF Hernandez (MEXU 27834). COMMENTS—Amanita verna is similar to A. virosa Bertill., which differs in its positive reaction in 5% KOH and ovoid amyloid spores. Extremely toxic, A. verna frequently causes fatalities and cyclopeptide mycetism due to amanitins and other toxins; commonly known as “crazy fungus” (Pérez-Silva 2004; Pérez-Silva et al. 2006, 2008). Bresinsky & Besl (1990) cite the species as mycorrhizal. Discussion Five of the nine Amanita species reported here are toxic, causing cyclopeptide mycetism (A. verna), pantherina mycetism (A. pantherina), and possibly a type of gastrointestinal mycetism when eaten raw (A. flavoconia, A. flavorubescens, and A. vaginata). Amanita caesarea is the only wild species with excellent cooked or raw edibility, although A. rubescens can be safely eaten after its boiling water is discarded. The edibility/toxicity of A. onusta remains unknown. All nine amanitas are reported for the first time from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan biosphere reserve, which extends their known Mexican distribution. Acknowledgments This article is dedicated to Dr. Teofilo Herrera, Emeritus Researcher of UNAM, for his outstanding academic trajectory and forming mycologists in Mexico. We thank SNI for financial support, Dr. Martin Esqueda and Dr. Gabriel Moreno for pre-submission expert reviews, Dr. Shaun R. Pennycook for critical reading of the manuscript and suggestions, MSc. C.E. Aguirre-Acosta for curatorial support in MEXU, and David Esqueda for translation. Amanita spp. new from Tehuacan-Cuicatlan ... 941 Literature cited Aroche M, Cifuentes J, Lorea FG, Bonavides J, Garcia H. 1984. Macromicetos toxicos y comestibles de una regi6n comunal del Valle de México. Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micologia 19: 291-318. Arora D. 1986. Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi. Ten Speed Press. Berkeley. USA. Bas C. 1969. Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a monograph of its section Lepidella. Persoonia 5: 285-579. Benedict R, Tyler Jr V, Brady L. 1966. Chemotaxonomic significance of isoxazole derivatives in Amanita species. Lloydia 29: 333-341. Bresinsky A, Besl H. 1990. A colour atlas of poisonous fungi: a handbook for pharmacists, doctors, and biologist. Woolfe, London. Chilton WS, Ott J. 1976. Toxic metabolites of Amanita pantherina, A. cothurnata, A. muscaria and other Amanita species. Lloydia 39: 150-157. Herrera T. 1950. Un hongo interesante en la regidn de Cuicatlan, Oaxaca. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de México 21: 17-21. Jenkins DT. 1977. A taxonomic and nomenclatural study of the genus Amanita Section Amanita for North America. Bibliotheca Mycologica Band 57. J. Cramer, Stuttgart, Germany. Kornerup A, Wanscher JH. 1978. Methuen handbook of color. Methuen Co. London. UK. Metzler S, Metzler V. 1992. Texas mushrooms a field guide. University of Texas. Austin. USA. Montoya A, Estrada A, Kong A, Juarez-Sanchez L. 2001. Commercialization of wild mushrooms during market days of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Micologia Aplicada Internacional 13(1): 31-40. Pérez-Silva E. 2004. Intoxicacién por hongos. 305-309, in: OB Martinez Pantaleén (ed.). Intoxicaciones. Temas de Pediatria. Asociacién Mexicana de Pediatria AC. McGraw-Hill. Interamericana Editores, S.A. de C.V. México. Pérez-Silva E, Herrera T. 1991. Iconografia de macromicetos de México. I Amanita. Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México. Pérez-Silva E, Esqueda M, Herrera T. 2008. Macromicetos téxicos de Sonora, México. Revista Mexicana de Micologia 28: 81-88. Pérez-Silva E, Esqueda M, Herrera T, Coronado M. 2006. Nuevos registros de Agaricales de Sonora, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 77: 23-33. Phillips R. 1991. Mushrooms of North America. Little Brown and Co. New York. USA. Ruiz-Oronoz M, Herrera T. 1948. Levaduras, hongos macroscdépicos, liquenes y hepaticas colectados en Cuicatlan. Oaxaca. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Auténoma de México 19: 299-316. Tulloss RE, Ovrebo CL, Halling RE. 1992. Studies on Amanita (Amanitaceae) from Andean Colombia. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 66. 46 p. Villanueva-Jiménez E, Villegas-Rios M, Cifuentes-Blanco J, Leén-Avendafio H. 2006. Diversidad del género Amanita en dos areas con diferente condicion silvicola en Ixtlan de Juarez, Oaxaca, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 77: 17-22. Volk TJ. 2017. Amanita caesarea. TomVolkFungi.net. Accessed January/2017: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/mar2002.html MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 943-950 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.943 Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan ABDUL NASIR KHALID’ & MUHAMMAD HANIkE”? ' Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan ? Department of Botany, GC University, Lahore, Pakistan * CORRESPONDENCE TO: dr.mhanif@gcu.edu.pk ABSTRACT—A new thelephoroid species, Thelephora iqbalii, collected from the Himalayan moist temperate (HMT) forests of Pakistan, is characterized by small coralloid basidiomata bearing long, narrow ridges with fine hairs on their branches and hymenia that are cyanescent in KOH. An ITS-based phylogeny comparing T. iqbalii with other Thelephora species is also presented. Key worps—Basidiomycota, DNA, Thelephoraceae, angular lobate basidiospores Introduction The genus Thelephora Ehrh. ex Willd. is cosmopolitan (Corner 1968; Stalpers 1993; Kdljalg 1996; Maas Geesteranus 1971, 1975) and represented by 52 species worldwide (Kirk et al. 2008, Ramirez-Lopez et al. 2017, Vizzini et al. 2016). Its basidiomata are distinguished by their pileate and stipitate/sessile or sometimes resupinate forms (Ahmad 1972). Thelephora basidiomata range in shape from coral-like to distinctly pileate (Corner 1968). However, morphology alone is not always sufficient for correct identification. Recent molecular analyses have contributed to a better understanding of basidiomycete diversity (Gardes & Bruns 1993) and ITS- nrDNA primers are widely being used for this purpose (EI Karkouri et al. 2005, 2006; Gardes & Bruns 1993; Horton 2002). 944 ... Khalid & Hanif The Himalayan moist temperate forests (HMT) have been previously included among 25 biodiversity hotspots in Indo-Burma (Myers et al. 2000), from which they were separated and designated as independent among the 34 currently recognized hotspots of biodiversity (Mittermeier et al. 2011). Eight Thelephora species have previously been reported from Pakistan: T. anthocephala (Bull.) Fr., T: arbuscula Corner, T: caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Pers., T: fucoides Corner, T: palmata (Scop.) Fr., T. penicillata (Pers.) Fr., and T: terrestris Ehrh. (Ahmad 1956, 1972; Ahmad et al. 1997). Below we describe a new thelephoroid species from the HMT forests of Pakistan based on morphological and molecular evidence. Materials & methods TABLE 1. Thelephora rDNA sequences used in phylogenetic analyses TAXON ACCESSION No. VOUCHER No COUNTRY Thelephora americana AY219838.1 UAMH 9578 Canada Thelephora anthocephala DQ974771.1 src614 USA AF272927.1 TAA165304 Estonia Thelephora caryophyllea GU234018.1 075453 Netherlands AJ889980.1 TL-6566 Denmark EU326158.1 105 Austria EF655705.1 IB60087 Austria Thelephora cf. penicillata EU819494.1 NAMA503 USA Thelephora ganbajun EU696946.1 Gb279 China Thelephora iqbalii JX241471 MH810 Pakistan Thelephora palmata EU819443.1 JMP0085 USA AF272919.1 TAA149550 Estonia Thelephora aff. palmata AB509755.1 350-421 Japan Thelephora penicillata U83484.1 LTT8, Bruns Herbarium, UCB USA Thelephora pseudoterrestris AF272907.1 TAA159625 Estonia AB453027.1 CU: Micro: Nan-M11 Thailand Thelephora regularis U83485.1 OSC: JMT17371 USA Thelephora sublilacina EF493288.1 UP161 Sweden Thelephora terrestris HM189959.1 BB23-305-Ah-Pi-150506 (DNA64) Germany HM189958.1 BB64-301-Oh-Pi-150506 (DNA43) Germany Thelephoraceae sp. “Taylor #4 U83468.1 — USA Thelephoroid sp. nw1 AF323110.1 — USA Bold indicates sequence generated in this study; all others downloaded from GenBank. Thelephora igbalii sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 945 Collection and morphological analysis During exploration of Himalayan moist temperate forests, an unidentified Thelephora specimen associated with Abies pindrow was collected near a helipad, in Khanspur, Abbotabad district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The fresh specimen was morphologically characterized following Corner (1968), and small portions of fresh hymenium were placed into 2% CTAB buffer and stored at -20 °C for future molecular study. The remaining material was dried with a fan heater overnight before storing in Ziploc bags. Basidiospores, basidia, basidioles and sterigmata were observed in 1% KOH under a compound microscope and measured using an ocular micrometer; drawings were made with the aid of a camera Lucida. Dried specimens are deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore (LAH). Molecular analysis Genomic DNA was extracted with a CTAB method (Gardes & Bruns 1993) modified for silica emulsion binding and purified (Gene-Clean; Q-Biogene). Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for the ITS-nrDNA region were carried out using the fungus-specific primers ITS1F/ITS4 following protocols described by Gardes & Bruns (1993). PCR products were purified with QIAquick (Qiagen Inc.), and sequenced by Macrogen (South Korea). Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony methods generated a phylogeny comparing Thelephora iqbalii with other thelephoroid species. A total of 22 sequences (21 downloaded from GenBank) were used in the phylogenetic analyses (TABLE 1), and cladograms were recovered using Mega5. Sequences were aligned with BioEdit version 7.0 (Hall 1999) and ClustalX version 2.0 (Larkin et al. 2007) and corrected manually. All the gaps were treated as ‘missing data. The ITS sequence generated from the holotype was deposited in GenBank. Results Thelephora iqbalii Khalid & Hanif, sp. nov. FIG. 1 MycoBank MB 800830 Differs from Thelephora fucoides by its angular lobate basidiospores and from T. penicillata by its coralloid basidiomata and its smaller basidiospores. Type: Pakistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Abbotabad district, Khanaspur, near helipad, 1972 m a.s.l., associated with Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don) Royle, solitary to gregarious, 22.VII.2010, M. Hanif, MH810 (Holotype, LAH 20810.2; GenBank JX241471). ErymMo.oey: dedicated to Prof. Dr. S.H. Iqbal in honor of his contributions to the knowledge of fungi. BASIDIOMA 4-5 x 2-4 cm, coralloid, individual branches 1-2 mm thick, long narrow ridges, penicillate with fine hairs on long pointed tips, tip 946 ... Khalid & Hanif — Fic. 1. Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. A. Basidiocarp in situ; B. Basidiospores; C. Basidia; D. Hymenial tissue; E. Basidioles; F. Hair-like appendages of pointed tips; G. Tramal hyphae. Bars: A = 1 cm, B—G = 10 um. Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 947 fibers typically serrate; branches pinkish white at the tip to grayish brown at the base. CONTEXT solid, dry. HyYPHAL SYSTEM monomitic, multi-septate, connective hyphae 6 um diam., skeletal hyphae 5 um diam., tramal hyphae encrusted with globose to sub-globose crystals, cyanescent in 1% KOH. Basip1a 50-75 x 8-10 um, cylindrical to clavate, with basal clamps, smooth, 2-4 sterigmate, hyaline, guttulate, light blue in KOH. BasipIoLes 34-40 x 4-8 um, smooth, thin walled, hyaline, clavate, apex obtuse, light blue in KOH. BAsrp1osPoREs 6-8.5 x 5-6.5 um, reniform, angular lobate or scarcely lobate, thick-walled and verrucose, tuberculate ornamentation, brown in lactic acid, light blue in KOH. ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED Thelephora fucoides: MALAYSIA: PAHANG, Cameron Highlands, 06.08.1934, E.J.H. Corner (E 00192884, holotype). Phylogenetic analysis Thelephora_caryophyllea_AJ889980.1 Thelephora_caryophyllea_EF655705.1 35 Thelephora_caryophyllea_EU326158.1 gg} 89 Thelephora_caryophyllea_GU234018.1 62 94 Thelephora_anthocephala_DQ974771.1 terminal clade 1 96 Thelephora_anthocephala_AF272927.1 Thelephoroid_sp._nw1_AF323110.1 60 @ Thelephora_iqbalii 65 Thelephora_penicillata_U83484.1 Thelephora_regularis_U83485.1 erases 86 Thelephora_palmata_EU819443.1 terminal clade 2 86 Thelephora_palmata_AF272919.1_ Thelephora_cf._penicillata_EU819494.1 = 59 51 TRS OR Paneer ese gw aT aN! ge a 53 79 Thelephora_pseudoterrestris_AB453027.1 65) Thelephora_ganbajun_EU696946.1 Thelephora_aff._palmata_AB509755.1 Thelephoraceae_sp._Taylor_#4°_U83468.1 74 Thelephora_terrestris_HM189959.1 84 Thelephora_americana_AY219838.1 | Clade Il Thelephora_terrestris_HM189958.1 Thelephora_sublilacina_EF493288.1 | Outgroup Fic. 2. Cladogram representing phylogenetic analysis inferred from Maximum Parsimony (bootstrap percentages above the lines) and Maximum Likelihood (bootstrap percentages below the lines). Amplification of the ITS-nrDNA region produced one sequence of 654 bp. Initial BLAST analysis showed a 91% maximum identity with Thelephora penicillata (GenBank U83484) with 100% query coverage. 948 ... Khalid & Hanif Percent Identity Thelephora_pseudoterrestris_AF272907 Thelephora_regularis_U83485 Thelephora_pseudoterrestris_AB453027 Thelephora_ganbajun_EU696946 Thelephora_palmata_EU819443 Thelephora_palmata_AF272919 Thelephora_cf_penicillata_EU819494 Thelephora_iqbalii Thelephora_aff.__palmata_AB509755 Thelephora_americana_AY219838 Thelephora_sublilacina_EF 493288 Thelephora_terrestris_HM189959 Thelephora_terrestris_HM189958 Thelephora_penicillata_U83484 Thelephoraceae_sp._Taylor_#4'_U83468 Thelephoroid_sp._nw1_AF323110 Thelephora_caryophyllea_GU234018 Thelephora_caryophyllea_AJ889980 Thelephora_caryophyllea_EU326158 Thelephora_caryophyllea_EF655705 Thelephora_anthocephala_DQ974771 Thelephora_anthocephala_AF272927 Divergence Fic. 3. Percent genetic divergence and percent similarity for Thelephora spp. After trimming 84 unaligned characters from the 3’ and 5’ ends of the 789-bp ITS region, 705 characters were used for final analysis, of which 360 were conserved, 301 were variable but parsimony uninformative, 172 were parsimony informative, and 133 were singletons. The phylogenetic tree generated two major clades (Fic. 2). Thelephora iqbalii clustered with T. penicillata within terminal clade I of clade I, and T. anthocephala and T: caryophyllea appeared as sister species to T! iqbalii. Thelephora iqbalii and T. penicillata shared 91.8% genetic characters/nucleotides and showed an 8.1% genetic divergence (Fic. 3). However, we should note that the clustering of all these species in terminal clade I of clade I (Fic. 2) was not supported by both analyses. Discussion Eight Thelephora species have been previously recorded from Pakistan (Ahmad 1956, 1972). Our new species, T. igbalii, which is supported both by morphological and ITS sequence analysis, shares the basic morphological characters with other Thelephora species: spiny to warty and often lobed basidiospores, drab basidiocarp coloration, and blue to green KOH reactions (Corner 1968). Hanif (2012) reported a rich diversity of Thelephorales in subterranean ectomycorrhizal communities in HMT forests, and T: iqbalii is expected to exhibit a similar ectomycorrhizal association typical of Thelephora species elsewhere in Pakistan. In Ahmad’s (1972) key to Thelephora species in Pakistan, T: iqbalii would fall close to T: fucoides, which differs by its echinulate basidiospore ornamentation (Corner 1968). Morphological and phylogenetic analyses Thelephora iqbalii sp. nov. (Pakistan) ... 949 imply a close alliance between T. penicillata and T. igqbalii. However T. penicillata can be distinguished by its resupinate basidiomes with prostrate to suberect branches, its smaller basidiomata with margins that are cristate, penicillate ramose-spiculose, or fimbriate, and its slightly larger basidiospores (Corner 1968). Acknowledgements We are sincerely thankful to Prof. Juliano M. Baltazar (Centro de Ciéncias da Natureza, Campus Lagoa do Sino, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (UFSCar), Buri, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and Dr. Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan, (Centre for Undergraduate Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan) for acting as pre-submission reviewers. We are also thankful for Dr. Stephan Helfer (Herbarium Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Scotland, UK) for sending the holotype of Thelephora fucoides for morphological comparison. Literature cited Ahmad §S, Iqbal SH, Khalid AN. 1997. Fungi of Pakistan. Sultan Ahmad Mycological Society of Pak. Nabiza printers, Lahore. Ahmad S. 1956. Fungi of Pakistan, mon. I. Biological Society of Pakistan, Biological Laboratories, Government College, Lahore, pp. 126. Ahmad S. 1972. Basidiomycetes of Pakistan. Biological Society of Pakistan. Monograph 6. pp, 141. Corner EJH. 1968. A monograph of Thelephora (Basidiomycetes). Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia DFS LAV). EI Karkouri K, Martin K Douzery E, Mousain D. 2005. Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi naturally established on containerized Pinus seedlings in nursery conditions. Microbiological Research 160: 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2004.09.008 EI Karkouri K, Selosse MA, Mousain D. 2006. Molecular markers detecting an ectomycorrhizal Suillus collinitus strain on P. halepensis roots suggest successful inoculation and persistence in nursery and plantations. FEMS Microbiology & Ecology 55: 146-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2005.00014.x Gardes M, Bruns T. 1993. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes - application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2:113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x Hall TA. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucl. Acids. Symp. Ser. 41: 95-98. Horton TR. 2002. Molecular approaches to ectomycorrhizal diversity studies, variations in ITS at a local scale. Plant Soil 244: 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020268020563 Kirk PM, Ainsworth GC, Cannon PF, Minter DW. 2008. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of fungi. 10th edn. CAB International, U.K. pp. 12-13. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000 Koéljalg U. 1996. Tomentella (Basidiomycota) and related genera in the temperate Eurasia. Synopsis Fungorum 9: 1-213. Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG. 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23: 2947-2948. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm404 950 ... Khalid & Hanif Maas Geesteranus RA. 1971. Hydnaceous fungi of the eastern old world. Verh. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. II 60: 1-176. Maas Geesteranus RA. 1975. Die terrestrichen Stachelpilze Europas. Verh. K. Ned. Akad. Wet. II 65: 1-127. Mittermeier RA, Turner WR, Larsen FW, Brooks TM, Gascon C. 2011. Global biodiversity conservation: the critical role of hotspots. In Biodiversity Hotspots, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_1 Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature403: 853-858. Ramirez-Lopez I, Villegas-Rids M, Salas-Lizana R, Garibay-Orijel R, Alvarez-Manjarrez J. 2017. Thelephora versatilis and Thelephora pseudoversatilis: two new cryptic species with polymorphic basidiomes inhabiting tropical deciduous and sub-perennial forests of the Mexican Pacific coast. Mycologia 107: 346-358. https://doi.org/10.3852/14-151 Stalpers JA. 1993. The aphyllophoraceous fungi I. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales. Studies in Mycology 35: 1-168. Vizzini A, Angelino C, Losi C, Ercole E. 2016 Thelephora dominicana (Basidiomycota, Thelephorales), a new species from the Dominican Republic, and preliminary notes on thelephoroid genera. Phytotaxa 265(1): 27-38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.265.1.2 MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 951-955 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.951 Three new combinations in Drepanopeziza for species on poplar Amy Y. RossMAN’, W. CAVAN ALLEN’, Lisa A. CASTLEBURY* & GERARD VERKLEY? "Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA *Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A. >Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands * CORRESPONDENCE TO: amydianer@yahoo.com ABSTRACT— Three species of Drepanopeziza that cause diseases of poplars have been known under different scientific names for their sexual and asexual morphs, which is no longer allowed with the change to one scientific name for fungi. For each of these species, the oldest epithet is provided by the asexual morph; however, neither of the generic names available for the asexual morphs can be used for these species. As a consequence new combinations for the three species are required and can be accomplished by applying the oldest asexual morph epithet in the genus Drepanopeziza. The following new combinations are made: Drepanopeziza brunnea, D. castagnei, and D. populi. Key worps—fungal nomenclature, plant pathogen, pleomorphic fungi Introduction Following a careful study of type and other specimens, three species of Drepanopeziza that cause diseases of poplar were delineated by Spiers & Hopcroft (1998), who cited separate scientific names for their sexual and asexual morphs. Because the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN, McNeill et al. 2012) requires the adoption of one scientific name for different morphs of one fungal taxon, these sexual and asexual names now compete for use. For these three Drepanopeziza 952 ... Rossman & al. species—D. populi-albae, D. populorum, and D. tremulae—the asexual morphs provide the oldest epithets. Pirozynski (1974a,b,c) presented an account of each of these species: D. tremulae as Marssonina brunnea, D. populi-albae as Marssonina castagnei, and D. populorum as Marssonina populi, while Spiers (1988) included a conidia-based key to these Marssonina species. Gremmen (1965) recognized the same three taxa in Drepanopeziza but described one of them as a new species, D. punctiformis Gremmen 1965, apparently unaware of the earlier synonym D. tremulae Rimpau 1962. In determining the generic names to use for competing synonyms, Rossman et al. (2016) recommended that Drepanopeziza (Kleb.) Jaap 1914 be used rather than the competing generic names Gloeosporidiella Petr. 1921 or Gloeosporium Desm. & Mont. 1849. All three of these species of Drepanopeziza on poplar have previously been placed in the genus Marssonina; however, these species are not congeneric with the Marssonina type species, M. potentillae (Desm.) Magnus 1906, now recognized as Diplocarpon earlianum (Ellis & Everh.) EA. Wolf 1924 (Johnston et al. 2014). Diplocarpon EA. Wolf 1912 is now regarded as the correct generic name for species formerly classified in Marssonina Magnus 1906. Some authors use the Drepanopeziza names for these species, as determined by Spiers & Hopcroft (1998); however, the asexual morph names provide older epithets and are used more commonly (albeit in the asexual morph genera that are no longer available for use). Rather than conserve the less commonly used sexual morph names, it seems least disruptive to make new combinations in Drepanopeziza using the asexual morph names, as proposed here. Taxonomy Drepanopeziza brunnea (Ellis & Everh.) Rossman & W.C. Allen, comb. nov. MycoBank MB822026 = Gloeosporium brunneum Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 5: 154 (1889). Tye: U.S.A.: New Jersey, Newfield, on leaves of Populus candicans, Aug 1889, Ellis & Everhart in North American Fungi, second ser. 2444 (Lectotype designated here, BPI 402970, under Marssonina brunnea). = Marssonina brunnea (Ellis & Everh.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 88 (1906). = Drepanopeziza tremulae Rimpau, Phytopathol. Z. 43: 288. (1962). Type: Switzerland, Kt. Ziirich, am Uetliberg, bei Station Uitikon-Waldegg, on Populus tremula, 7 Mai 1961, Rimpau (holotype, ZT-Myc 57794). = Drepanopeziza punctiformis Gremmen, Nova Hedwigia 9: 172 (1965). Type: Batava [the Netherlands], Meppel, in foliis Populi euroamericana ‘Serotina, 9.X.1961, Gremmen (holotype, herb. Gremmen 1811). Drepanopeziza combs. nov. on poplar ... 953 Drepanopeziza brunnea causes a leaf spot disease of Populus that occurs worldwide in temperate regions (Callan 1998, Farr & Rossman 2017). Spiers & Hopcroft (1998) concluded that D. tremulae provided the oldest name for the sexual morph of which D. punctiformis is a synonym. Pirozynski (1974a) presented a description of this species using the asexual morph name Marssonina brunnea based on Gloeosporium brunneum. Because neither Gloeosporium nor Marssonina can be used as a generic name for this species, the name D. brunnea is established based on Gloeosporium brunneum. The type of G. brunneum was issued as Ellis & Everhart, North America Fungi second series 2444, and the specimen at BPI is designated here as the lectotype. According to Spiers & Hopcroft (1998), “type material of D. tremulae was not deposited by Rimpau with other specimens at ZT and therefore was probably lost” However, the holotype specimen was later found at ZT (R. Berndt pers. comm. 31 Jan 2017). Drepanopeziza castagnei (Desm. & Mont.) Rossman & W.C. Allen, comb. nov. MycoBank MB822027 = Gloeosporium castagnei Desm. & Mont., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 3, 12: 295 (1849). TyPE: France, Aix, on Populus alba, 1852, Castagne, ex Herb. Bois, Shear Type and Rarities Ser. 1 (Lectotype designated here, BPI barcode 797921). = Marssonina castagnei (Desm. & Mont.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 88 (1906). = Pseudopeziza populi-albae Kleb., Haupt- und Nebenfruchtform. Ascomyz. 1: 344 (1920) [“1918”]. Type: Germany, Berlin, Dahlem, Garten der Biologischen Reichsanstalt, on leaves of Populus alba, Oct 1913, Laubert (holotype, HBG). = Drepanopeziza populi-albae (Kleb.) Nannf., Nova Acta R. Soc. Scient. Upsal., Ser. 4 8(2): 170 (1932). Drepanopeziza castagnei causes a leaf disease of poplar that is widespread in temperate regions (Callan 1998, Farr & Rossman 2017). Spiers & Hopcroft (1998) considered Marssonina castagnei based on Gloeosporium castagnei to be the asexual morph of D. populi-albae. Pirozynski (1974b) provided an account of this species under the asexual morph name Marssonina castagnei. Because neither Gloeosporium nor Marssonina can be used as a generic name for this species, it is least disruptive to make a new combination in Drepanopeziza with the oldest and familiar epithet castagnei. Although Spiers (1988) mentioned that “Type and isotype material of M. castagnei was obtained from...” BR and PC, he did not present details of the specimens, so his work cannot be considered lectotypification of the name G. castagnei. A specimen matching the protologue exists at BPI, and this specimen is designated here as the lectotype. According to Stafleu & Cowan (1976) Klebahn’s specimens are housed at B, but Robert Licking 954 ... Rossman & al. (pers. comm.) reported that the type of Pseudopeziza populi-albae is not found there. Rather, a specimen matching the protologue was located at HBG. Drepanopeziza populi (Lib.) Rossman & W.C. Allen, comb. nov. MycoBAnk MB 822028 = Leptothyrium populi Lib., Pl. Crypt. Arduenna, fasc. 3: no. 257 (1834). TyPE: France, on Populus, autumn (Lectotype designated here, FH). = Marssonina populi (Lib.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45: 88 (1906). = Trochila populorum Desm., Pl. Crypt. Nord France Ed. (2) 2, no. 451 (21 Mar 1857). TYPE: France, on dried leaves of Populus nigra, spring, 1857, Grance, Herb. Desmaziéres (lectotype, PC; isolectotypes, BR, BPI-bound). = Drepanopeziza populorum (Desm.) Hohn., Ann. Mycol. 15: 332 (1917). Drepanopeziza populi causes a leaf disease of poplar that is widespread in temperate regions (Callan 1998, Farr & Rossman 2017). Spiers & Hopcroft (1998) considered Marssonina populi, based on Leptothyrium populi, to be the asexual morph of D. populorum. This fungus was described and illustrated by Pirozynski (1974c) using the asexual morph name Marssonina populi. As neither Gloeosporium nor Marssonina is available as a generic name for this species, it is least disruptive to combine the well-used epithet in the appropriate genus Drepanopeziza as D. popuili. The name Leptothyrium populi was published in an exsiccati number that includes a description; the title page of the fascicle carries the date 1834 (Pfister 1985) but Sayre (1969) dated it as 1837 on the basis of reviews. The type specimen of Trochila populorum was issued as part of Desmaziéres’ exsiccati on 21 March 1857, according to Pfister (1985). This number includes a description on the label and thus should be regarded as the original description and type specimen. This name was also included in an article published later in March 1858 in Desmaziéres (1858), which has mistakenly been regarded as the place of publication. A lectotype was designated by Spiers & Hopcroft (1998). Acknowledgements We thank curatorial staff at several herbaria for their assistance, specifically Reinhard Berndt (ZT), Robert Licking (B), Donald Pfister (FH), and Matthias Schultz (HBG). In addition we appreciate the thoughtful reviews of Jeffrey Stone (Oregon State University, Corvallis) and Peter Johnston (Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand). Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Drepanopeziza combs. nov. on poplar ... 955 Literature cited Callan BE. 1998. Diseases of Populus in British Columbia: a diagnostic manual. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service. Desmaziéres JBHJ. 1858 [“1857”]. Vingt-quatriéme notice sur les plantes cryptogames récemment découvertes (suite). Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 4(9): 858-863. https://doi.org/10.1080/00378941.1857.10829049 Farr DE, Rossman AY. 2017. U.S. National Fungus Collections Databases, retrieved 20 Jan 2017, from https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases Gremmen J. 1965. Three poplar-inhabiting Drepanopeziza species and their life-history. Nova Hedwigia 9: 170-176. Johnston PR, Seifert KA, Stone JK, Rossman AY, Marvanova L. 2014. Recommendations on generic names competing for use in Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota). IMA Fungus 5: 91-120. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.01.11 McNeill J, Barrie FE Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, et al. (eds). 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). [Regnum Vegetabile no. 154.] K6nigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books. Pirozynski KA. 1974a. Marssonina brunnea. Fungi Canadenses 13. 2 p. Pirozynski KA. 1974b. Marssonina castagnei. Fungi Canadenses 14. 2 p. Pirozynski KA. 1974c. Marssonina populi. Fungi Canadenses 15. 2 p. Pfister DH. 1985. A bibliographic account of exsiccatae containing fungi. Mycotaxon 23: 1-139. Rossman AY, Allen WC, Braun U, Castlebury LA, Chaverri P, et al. 2016. Overlooked competing asexual and sexually typified generic names of Ascomycota with recommendations for their use or protection. IMA Fungus 7: 289-308. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.02.09 Sayre G. 1969. Cryptogamae exsiccatae--an annotated bibliography of published exsiccatae of algae, lichenes, hepaticae, and musci. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 19. 174 p. Spiers AG. 1988. Comparative studies of type and herbarium specimens of Marssonina species pathogenic to poplars. European Journal of Forest Pathology 18: 140-156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.1988.tb00912.x Spiers AG, Hopcroft DH. 1998. Morphology of Drepanopeziza species pathogenic to poplars. Mycological Research 102: 1025-1037. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297005972 Stafleu FA, Cowan RS. 1976. Taxonomic literature. A selective guide to botanical publications and collections with dates, commentaries and types. Vol. 1. Bohn, Scheltema and Holkema. MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 957-969 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.957 Key to the lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam, with eight new records SANTOSH JOSHI’, D. K. UPRETI’ & JAE-SEOUN HuR** 'Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow (UP)-226001, India ?Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-540 950, Korea * CORRESPONDENCE TO: jshur1@sunchon.ac.kr AssTRACT—An identification key is presented for the members of the lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam. Eight pyrenocarpous species (in Anthracothecium, Astrothelium, Lithothelium, and Pyrenula) collected from Nam Cat Tien National Park, are new records for Vietnam. Taxonomic characters of the species are given along with ecology, distribution, and illustrations. Key worps—Bathelium, Nigrovothelium, taxonomy, Trypethelium Introduction Pyrenocarpous lichens in the tropics belong mainly to the families Porinaceae, Pyrenulaceae, Strigulaceae, and Trypetheliaceae and are among the major constituents of epiphytic lichen communities in primary rain forests (Aptroot 2009). Although little remains of Vietnam's primary forests, the protected areas, reserve forests, and national parks still conserve significant stretches of old-growth rain forests, particularly in the southern part of the country. The present inventory is the result of ongoing research conducted in Nam Cat Tien National Park situated in southern Vietnam and provides new records of eight pyrenocarpous lichens in Trypetheliaceae and Pyrenulaceae for Vietnam. Both families have been the focus of increasing global interest in recent years. Currently, 234 species in 11 genera are accepted in Pyrenulaceae, and 418 species in 15 genera in Trypetheliaceae (Aptroot 2012, Aptroot & Licking 2016, Licking et al. 2016). From Vietnam 24 species of Pyrenulaceae have been 958 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur recorded: Anthracothecium macrosporum (Hepp) Mill. Arg., A. prasinum (Eschw.) R.C. Harris; Pyrenula aggregata (Fée) Fée, P. anomala (Ach.) Vain., P. aspistea (Ach.) Ach., P. balia (Kremp.) R.C. Harris, P breutelii (Mull. Arg.) Aptroot, P brunnea Fée, P. duplicans (Nyl.) Aptroot, P fetivica (Kremp.) Mill. Arg., P. mamillana (Ach.) Trevis., P. massariospora (Starback) R.C. Harris, P. microcarpa Mull. Arg., P. nitidella (Schaer.) Mull. Arg., P nitidula (Bres.) R.C. Harris, P. ochraceoflava (Nyl.) R.C. Harris, P. parvinuclea (Meyen & Flot.) Aptroot, P pyrenuloides (Mont.) R.C. Harris, P quassiicola (Fée) Fée, P. scutata (Stirt.) Zahlbr., P sexlocularis (Nyl.) Mill. Arg., P subglabrata (Nyl.) Mull. Arg., P sublaevigata (Patw. & Makhija) Upreti, P thelemorpha Tuck.—while 16 species have been recorded in Trypetheliaceae: Astrothelium aeneum (Eschw.) Aptroot & Liicking, A. cinnamomeum (Eschw.) Mull. Arg., A. clypeatum Aptroot & Gueidan, A. megaspermum (Mont.) Aptroot & Licking, A. nitidiusculum (Nyl.) Aptroot & Licking, A. phlyctaena (Fée) Aptroot & Licking [= Trypethelium ochroleucum (Eschw.) Nyl.], A. porosum (Ach.) Aptroot & Liicking, A. variolosum (Ach.) Mull. Arg.; Bathelium albidoporum (Makhija & Patw.) R.C. Harris, B. lineare (C.W. Dodge) R.C. Harris, B. porinosporum Licking et al.; Nigrovothelium tropicum (Ach.) Licking et al.; Trypethelium eluteriae Spreng., T. epileucodes Nyl., T. infraeluteriae Aptroot & Gueidan, T. krempelhuberi Makhija & Patw. (Aptroot & Sparrius 2006, Aptroot 2012, Aptroot et al. 2016, Liicking et al. 2016). In addition to some previously reported species, we examined some interesting pyrenocarpous lichens that we report here as new Vietnamese records: Anthracothecium interlatens, Astrothelium galligenum, A. inspersogalbineum, A. subaequans, Lithothelium obtectum, Pyrenula circumfiniens, P. laetior, and P. mastophora. An artificial key to all known species in Vietnam representing Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae is also presented. Materials & methods The Vietnamese material was collected by Dr. J.-S. Hur and J.J. Woo in December 2015 from the lowland areas in southern Vietnam having warm and humid preserved forests with a sub-oceanic climate. The material was deposited in the lichen herbarium of the Korean Lichen Research Institute, Suncheon, South Korea (KoLRI), and studied in the Lichenology laboratory of CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. The morphological characters were identified and measured using a MSZ-TR dissecting microscope and a Leica DM 500 compound microscope. Standard protocols were followed to analyse chemistry (Orange et al. 2010). Amyloidity (I+ or I-) of internal structures was tested using Lugol's solution. Images were taken using a Zeiss Axiocam ERc5s and Al(AX10) microscope. The key includes some characters that Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 959 were not apparent in our specimens but were derived mainly from Upreti (1991, 1998), Aptroot et al. (2008), Aptroot (2012), and Aptroot & Liicking (2016). Taxonomy Anthracothecium interlatens (Nyl.) Aptroot, Lichenologist 44: 35, 2012. PL. 1A Thallus epi- to endoperidermal, pale green to fawn, corticate, continuous, matt to slightly glossy, reflecting bark texture, delimited by blackish prothallus, 100-120 um thick; cortex 50-60 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer distinct, <50 um thick; medulla not apparent; perithecia semi-immersed to emergent, black, scattered to aggregate with shared ostiole, 0.5-0.7 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 45-80 um thick; ostiole apical, 0.071-0.1 mm in diam; hamathecium hyaline, clear, with unbranched filaments; asci 2-spored, 200-230 x 45-52 um, I-; ascospores mostly hyaline to grayish at maturity, oblong to slightly curved, muriform, 100-132 x 32-42 um, I-. CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). In Vietnam, the species was found growing in association with Ocellularia spp. in irregular patches on uneven bark surfaces. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. DonG Nat PRovINCcE: Tan Phu district, Cat Tien National Park, forest red soil area, 11°24’20”N 107°17'19’E, alt. 256 m, on bark, 17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150006 (KoLRI). REMARKS—Anthracothecium gregale (C. Knight) Aptroot is morphologically close but produces 6-8-spored asci (Aptroot 2012). Only a small amount of A. interlatens was collected in only a small amount from the national park, but the Vietnamese specimen was easily identifiable. Astrothelium galligenum (Aptroot) Aptroot & Licking, Lichenologist 48: 861, 2016. PL. 1B Thallus epiperidermal, pale greenish gray to greenish gray, smooth, continuous, glossy, delimited by blackish prothallus, <180 um thick; cortex distinct, continuous, 50-60 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer distinct, continuous, 40-50 um thick; medulla white crystalline, reaching <70 um; ascomata immersed to slightly emergent, trypethelioid, scattered, solitary to slightly confluent, 0.2-0.3 mm in diam., pseudostromatic; pseudostromata off-white, irregular in shape; ostiole apical, black, 0.01-0.03 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 90-100 um thick hamathecium hyaline, inspersed with oil droplets, with anastomosing filaments; asci 8-spored, 140- 170 x 20-30 um, I-; ascospores uni- to biseriate, fusiform, hyaline, transversely 7-8-septate with diamond shaped lumina, 40-47 x 10-12 um, I-. 960 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur CHEMISTRY— thallus and ascomata UV-, hamathecium oil droplets K+ purple; anthraquinone present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Eastern Palaeotropics (Aptroot & Liicking 2016). This species is apparently rare in the national park, where it was growing in association with Bathelium mastoideum and Sarcographa spp. on trees with somewhat undulating thick smooth bark. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat Tien National Park, in forest red soil area, 11°23’49”N 107°17’38’E, alt. 206 m, on bark, 17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150125 (KoLRI). REMARKS—Astrothelium ubianense (Vain.) Aptroot & Licking is similar, but has a clear hamathecium and lacks anthraquinone (Aptroot & Licking 2016). Astrothelium inspersogalbineum Aptroot & Weerakoon, Lichenologist 48: 618, 2016. PIE AC Thallus epiperidermal, greenish gray to yellowish green, smooth, continuous, glossy, delimited by blackish prothallus, 100-150 um thick; cortex distinct, 30-40 um thick photobiont trentepohlioid, layer distinct, continuous, 50-60 um thick; medulla endoperidermal; ascomata emergent, trypethelioid, scattered, solitary to slightly aggregate then open by a common ostiole, mostly covered by thallus, 0.6-0.7 mm in diam.; ostiole apical to slightly eccentric, black, 0.08-0.1 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 100-150 um thick laterally, reaching <350 um basally; hamathecium hyaline, inspersed with oil droplets, with anastomosing filaments, placed deep into the ascomata; asci 8-spored, 40-50 x 10-12 um, I-; ascospores mostly uniseriate, fusiform, hyaline, transversely 3-septate with diamond shaped lumina, 20-22 x 7-9 um, I-. CHEMISTRY—Thallus and ascomata UV+ yellow, K+ _ purple; lichexanthone and anthraquinone present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—This is only the second report of this taxon, originally described from Singapore (Aptroot et al. 2016). In Vietnam, it was growing luxuriantly in association with Bathelium mastoideum on thick smooth-barked trees. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dona Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat Tien National Park, in forest red soil area, 11°23’36”N 107°17'56”E, alt. 181 m, on bark, 17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150126 (KoLRI). REMARKS— This species is close to Astrothelium macrocarpum (Fée) Aptroot & Liicking, which differs in its clear hymenium and pseudostromatic ascomata (Aptroot 2012). Our Vietnamese A. inspersogalbineum specimen, Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 961 with a K+ purplish thallus, differs slightly from the K— holotype (Aptroot & Liicking 2016). Astrothelium subaequans Mill. Arg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 6: 383, 1885. PL. 1D Thallus epiperidermal, olive green, bullate, uneven, hard, continuous, dull to + glossy, delimited by blackish prothallus, 200-300 um thick, photobiont trentepohlioid, layer distinct, continuous, 40-50 um thick; medulla white, crystalline, 200-350 um thick; ascomata astrothelioid, scattered, solitary to aggregate and pseudostromatic, covered by thallus, surrounded by yellow- orange pigments, 0.7-1 mm in diam.; ostiole slightly eccentric, black, 0.5-0.1 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, laterally 100-130 um thick and basally reaching <600 um, separated from the thallus by a slit; hamathecium hyaline, clear with anastomosing filaments, placed deep into the ascomata; asci 8-spored, 145-155 x 40-47 um, I-; ascospores biseriate, oval, hyaline, muriform, 60-65 x 18-21 um, [-. CHEMISTRY— Thallus UV-, ascomata UV+ reddish, pigment K+ purple; anthraquinone present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Previously known from the Neotropics (Aptroot 2016). In Vietnam, the species was growing richly in large patches on trees with thick and hard bark. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong NaI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat Tien National Park, in forest red soil area, 11°24’20”N 107°17'19”E, alt. 256 m, on bark, 17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150054 (KoLRI). REMARKS—This species is close to Astrothelium praetervisum (Mull. Arg.) Aptroot & Liicking, which differs in producing pseudostromatic ascomata (Aptroot & Licking 2016). Our Vietnamese A. subaequans specimen is characterized by distinctly muriform ascospores that differ slightly from the submuriform ascospores described by Aptroot & Liticking (2016). Lithothelium obtectum (Mill. Arg.) Aptroot, Biblioth. Lichenol. 44: 62, 1991. PL. 1E Thallus epiperidermal, grayish green, corticate, continuous, dull to slightly glossy, delimited by black prothallus, <100 um thick; cortex 20-30 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer 40-50 um thick; medulla not apparent; perithecia emergent, black, irregularly in shape to shortly elongate, numerous, solitary to aggregated in groups of 2-3 joint together with fused ostiole, 0.2-0.7 mm long; ostiole eccentric to laterally placed, 0.05-0.1 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 90-100 um thick; hamathecium hyaline, clear, with unbranched filaments; asci 8-spored, 60-90 x 8-12 um, 962 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur I-; ascospores uniseriate, fusiform, hyaline, transversely 3-septate, 10-15 x 3-4 um, I-. CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot et al. 2008). In Vietnam, the species was collected from hard, rather rough-barked trees, where it was growing luxuriantly with crustose lichen taxa, probably Graphidaceae. SPECIMENS EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong NAI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat Tien National Park, near Crocodile lake, 11°27’25”N 107°21’4’E, alt. 156 m, on bark, 19 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150400, VN150402 (KoLRI). REMARKS— The examined specimen differs from the type of Sagedia obtecta Mill. Arg. (especially in thallus formation and number of fused ascomata). It is possible that the ecorticate thin thallus and solitary ascomata describing the type are features taken from a damaged specimen with an eroded thallus. Lithothelium decumbens (Mull. Arg.) Aptroot is close to L. obtectum but differs in producing brown ascospores (Aptroot 2012). Pyrenula circumfiniens Vain., Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Ser. A, 6(7): 195, 1915. PL. 1F Thallus epiperidermal, olive green to dark green, corticate, continuous, glossy, delimited by black prothallus, 100-150 um thick; cortex 40-60 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer 50-70 um thick; medulla not apparent; perithecia semi-immersed, black, numerous, solitary to sometimes aggregated in 2-3 groups, 0.3-0.5 mm in diam.; ostiole eccentric to laterally placed in different directions, 0.01-0.2 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 90-100 um thick; hamathecium hyaline, clear, with unbranched filaments; asci 8-spored, 60-90 x 8-12 um, I-; ascospores uniseriate, fusiform, gray brown, transversely 3-septate, terminal lumina directly against the exospores wall, 13-18 x 4-6 um, I-. CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). In Vietnam, Pyrenula circumfiniens was flourishing well around trees having wide girth. The species was spread largely in irregular patches and intermingled marginally with other pyrenocarpous lichens. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Dong Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat Tien National Park, near rock stream, 11°26’39”N 107°24’22’E, alt. 160 m on bark, 18 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150250 (KoLRI). REMARKS— The ascospore sizes in our sample are somewhat close to those in Pyrenula elliptica Mill. Arg., which is distinguished by its slightly larger (15-18 x 6-8 um) ascospores and distribution restricted to the Neotropics (Aptroot 2012). Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 963 Pyrenula laetior Mill. Arg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 6: 413, 1885. PL. 1G Thallus epi- to endoperidermal, brownish green to reddish brown, corticate, continuous, + dull, delimited by black prothallus, <100 um thick; cortex 20-25 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer <30 um thick; medulla indistinct, mostly endoperidermal; perithecia semi-emergent, black, numerous, simple to aggregate, 0.2-0.3 mm in diam.; ostiole apical, 0.05-0.07 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 50-80 um thick; hamathecium hyaline, inspersed with oil droplets, with unbranched filaments; asci 8-spored, 40-60 x 8-6 um, I-; ascospores uniseriate, fusiform, gray brown, transversely 3-septate, terminal lumina separated from the exospore wall by endospore thickening,13-15 x 4-6 um, I-. CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Previously known from the Neotropics (Aptroot 2012). In Vietnam, the species is found on thin papery bark flaking away from tree trunks. SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. DonG NaI PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Cat Tien National Park, forest red soil area, 11°24’23”N 107°17’40’E, alt. 288 m, on bark, 17 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150083 (KoLRI). ReMARKS—Pyrenula subglabrata, previously reported from Vietnam, is morphologically similar to P laetior but can be distinguished by its longer (18-20 um) ascospores (Aptroot 2012). Our material, which produces very short (<15 um) ascospores fits well within the range of the new world Pyrenula laetior. Pyrenula mastophora (Nyl.) Mill. Arg., Flora 66: 426, 1883. PL. 1H Thallus epiperidermal, green to grayish green, corticate, continuous, smooth, delimited by a black prothallus, <150 um thick; cortex 35-40 um thick; photobiont trentepohlioid, layer <45 um thick; medulla indistinct; perithecia semi-immersed to semi-emergent, initially covered by thallus, black, numerous, scattered, 0.5-0.8 mm in diam.; ostiole apical, indistinct to 0.5 mm in diam.; perithecial wall complete, carbonized, 60-90 um thick; hamathecium hyaline, clear, with unbranched filaments; asci 8-spored, 150-160 x 20-26 um, I-; ascospores mostly uniseriate, fusiform, gray brown, transversely 3-septate, terminal lumina separated from the exospore wall by endospore thickening, 28-32 x 11-13 um, I-. CHEMISTRY—No lichen substances present. DISTRIBUTION & ECOLOGY—Pantropical (Aptroot 2012). The Vietnamese specimen broadly colonized on trees with thick smooth bark. 964 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur SPECIMEN EXAMINED: VIETNAM. Donec Nal PROVINCE: Tan Phu district, Nam Cat Tien National Park, near rock stream, 11°26’35”N 107°24’19’E, alt. 150 m on bark, 18 December 2015, Hur & Woo VN150216 (KoLRI). REMARKS—Pyrenula quassiicola is similar but is distinguished from P. mastophora by its partly immersed perithecia and thallus producing pseudocyphellae (Aptroot 2012). Key to species in Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae recorded from Vietnam DUASCOSPOLES YAH Sle oleae eect ec teeh peste hor See i RPE gr REED er AES pr SESE dls Z fh iXscosporespiemented .. . Mince: Siw «Mews 2 Wenis« Wows Whwioe VEcwnia ey Seema 2 peer Al 21 2, Ascospores. transversélyseptgtel. ose. 4c 52sec eeu y ene yas syne sy aae he aee ey ae 3 De ASCOSPOLESATUTIOBIN ter x15 (5p eect ee nate ete cee E). ieee eect Ep stce ekjestee Epes 19 3. Ascospore lumina rectangular to oval at maturity .....................0.0008. 4 3.Ascospore lumina diamond-shaped wij. Sele olie linea deg fis: siguat hy idea hos asd gs slide pee 10 4. Ascospores 3-septate, 10-15 x 3-4 um; ostiole lateral ...... Lithothelium obtectum 4, Ascospores:>3-septatexostiole:apical ... 2s .45 ees yin d ewe 2 ving 04 bina 0 Fe ee ee et 5 5, Ascomata solitary: to irregularly-confluent. «ix <4. 5 twas eee tee ee 6 Sv ASCOMAtA-WSCMUOSLLONIALIC Monat oh nal estan etc etna Aenea et A Med te 7 6. Ostiole usually white pruinose; ascospores transversely 5—7-septate, Dis ASO GeO NTIS as Sa ays, sudled su Bhs epee peed a atasey dime es sea Bathelium albidoporum 6. Ostiole non-pruinose; ascospores transversely 3-5-septate, ZOE BEI G ss (TDER gs saat a ak Fate Sad s sap So’ Ene asks geese cet Bathelium porinosporum 7. Pseudostromata lacking anthraquinone (all white with small dark ostiole spots; ascospores 5-13-septate, 30-60 x 5-13 um) ........... Trypethelium epileucodes AP seucostrotata witht antnnaquinvOnes 4825 ot, a's ek bts eae PE ah ed otek 8 8. Ostiolar area broad, disc shaped with margins producing black papillae arranged in circular shapes (ascospores 13-15-septate, 59-72 x 13-15 um) .... Trypethelium krempelhuberi 8. Ostiolat-area harrow, visibleas:small dots? ww o5 aisha sob a wh eek ee aot 9 9. Pseudostromata immersed to erumpent; ascospores 7-9-septate, 37-42 x 9-llum......... Trypethelium infraeluteriae 9. Pseudostromata prominent to sessile; ascospores 9-13-septate, 37-52 x 8-llum............ Trypethelium eluteriae PLATE. 1. Specimens of pyrenocarpous lichens from Vietnam. A. Anthracothecium interlatens (KoLRI VN150006); B. Astrothelium galligenum (KoLRI VN150125); C. A. inspersogalbineum (KoLRI VN150126); D. A. subaequans (KoLRI VN150054); E. Lithothelium obtectum (KoLRI VN150400); E Pyrenula circumfiniens (KoLRI VN150250); G. P. laetior (KoLRI VN150083); H. P mastophora (KoLRI VN150216). Scale bars: 1 mm. Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 965 966 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur 10. 10. 11. ile 12 12. 13. Ns 8 14. 14. BS; 15. 16. 16. | Ws 17. 18. 18. 19; 13: 20. 2 i=) 2 2 2 —_—_ —_— N 2 N Ascospores 7-8-septate (40-47 x 10-12 um) .......... Astrothelium galligenum PRS COSPOTESOASCPLALE 25 2 screens acer eae te eto Pt Pe fs coh SEs tt AR 1! Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets ......... 0... cece ee eee eee eee 12 PianratHeeniin cleats 08 tes Ae henge sets A eRe Se RAL Re Rs vel RS lt ReS cits 14 . Ostiole lateral (ascospores 20-22 x 7-9 um; anthraquinone and lichexanthone present) .... Astrothelium inspersogalbineum CS TEOLE AACA nar ox sole Paget ap te Bek rs PG eng cae Pema Peer poe ee EER 13 Ascomata solitary; ascospores 17-27 x 7-10 um; anthraquinone and lichexanthone both absent ........ Astrothelium clypeatum Ascomata diffusely pseudostromatic; ascospores 17-27 x 7-10 um; anthraquinone present, lichexanthone absent .......... Astrothelium porosum Ostioleapicale, 450d hs nset eck sitet dst leads ap seg bos onus mbes a b-eed ables b-eleee | 15 MSO Le Patel Ae a. Acts eo. ete p-cetelee-tictetine- aeine nak cath gti gay cach on eae bg SOEs eg AOE 18 Ascomata distinctly pseudostromatic (ascospores 15-27 x 7-10 um; anthraquinone absent, lichexanthone present) ....... Astrothelium phlyctaena Ascomata solitary to irregularly confluent or diffusely pseudostromatic ....... 16 Ascomata solitary to diffusely pseudostromatic; anthraquinone present, lichexanthone absent (ascospores 20-27 x 7-10 um)..... Astrothelium aeneum Ascomata solitary to irregularly confluent or crowded; anthraquinone and Hehe xanthone Doth -abSene 40-8 k eee tinh ake mn hod enw Balegenn Souk ea Roky Pade ete Bore 17 Ascomata sessile, fully exposed, barrel-shaped, black; ascospores 20-25 x 7-10 UM... 0... eee ee eee eee Nigrovothelium tropicum Ascomata erumpent with broad white area surrounding the ostiole or entirely white; ascospores 15-27 x 7-10 um..... Astrothelium nitidiusculum Ascospores 20-26 x 7-9 um; lichexanthone present, anthraquinone absent ........ Astrothelium variolosum Ascospores 23-30 x 6-10 um; lichexanthone absent, anthraquinone present ..... Astrothelium cinnamomeum Ascospore lumina rectangular to oval at maturity (1OQ=12. ool SASTRY osx cce aih yest wite'y eee een oa nate alloy Bathelium lineare AScospore luimmiinaiamand=shaped! 245 eenp5e 0 donceps8s-vuonst4he pany the eaggtdhins jqate ators yates 20 Ostiole apical; hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets; ascospores mostly 4/ascus, 140-220 x 30-75 um; anthraquinone absent ....... Astrothelium megaspermum . Ostiole lateral; hamathecium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, 60-65 x 18-21 um; anthraquinone present .......... Astrothelium subaequans . Ascospores transversely séptatew, .a5 + aces een eye k eoayee 4 elas ele 4 Sings oe lig 22 WING COSPOLE SIU TILOLITE wa. aak ete aceath et aca e te wee tD. cee ge fe ieee EPs ence. se Ee se ge Leste EE 39 . Ostiole lateral, pointing in different directions (ascospores 3-septate, 13-18 x 4-6 um)............... Pyrenula circumfiniens 1B See) coe) 6 (cre Leis Si ees, ger CORR rig Rrra SI Gn, AAO, Ont UR A ORR, A rt TERE ADEA 23 23 23, 24. 24. pep 25; 26. 26. pi 2 28. 28. 29, 29 30. 30. 3 3) —_ — os 32. Dos AS} 34. 34. 35. oa. 36. 36. OL ats 38. 38. 39, 39, Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 967 Ascospores 4-7-septate, with orange oil at maturity (24-32 x 10-15 um; thallus pseudocyphellate) .......... Pyrenula sexlocularis EASCOSPOLES SSS CP UAC Ce 8 rr ene Perec cle eeenah oO sare 2 sagt er tensa A cat tenant! Scat 24 Ascomata mostly aggregate with fused walls but with separate ostioles (pseudostromatic) (ascospores 15-20 x 6-8 um) ........... Pyrenula anomala AScommata-TNOStLy SIE aca 4 ee 8's cpt beh Stes eto ee Reo Bt oe Ltt lo 25 Thallus ecorticate (whitish; ascospores 17-25 x 7-11 um) .. Pyrenula microcarpa Dallas CQrtica tes sat te aB dM nal PRs seal PS ent Peden at staal Pee, Re ella 2, «dig 26 Terminal lumina directly against the exospore ............ 0.0... e eee eee eee 27 Terminal lumina separated from exospore by thickened endospore wall........ 28 Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets; ascospores 16-24 x 8-13 UM ..... eee eee eee ee Pyrenula fetivica Hamathecium clear; ascospores 17-22 x 9-12 um ............ Pyrenula nitidula Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets ........ 2... cece eee eee eee eee 29 Famiatheciiincleate... AA ht eter ell rk, all ork will ark tal ark ealt tak gat a cial at 32 ASconiata-S0. 741M, Wy CISA. Lae ee Rabie ake Sader Baden alee Dall beta arte 30 Aseomatas@.7minPidiay, 5 2 i Fes 4 Rt on Sy oy ee Ee ee elas Rene Pains 31 Ascospores 13-15% 4=6, UM +2. lexi ese ns eae wis wings sees x Pyrenula laetior ASCOSPOTES G22 Be Voi days cg hae neg f fel een fee es Pyrenula subglabrata JAscospores 15220 KA 9575 (ID, hi ali aan vial aa posh ahs whe Pyrenula mamillana PASCOSPOLES S225. OF) WY. hance Bore Paks a Pol oe Pokese Pyrenula massariospora AsScospores anostlyee2S wind LONG: 10a cw Wea oe weer eae yan nee age ae. 33 Ascospores. mostly <25.utw longs 25 .e ces edee a ebae 5 eegt yeh a vlan Bs eyed ving 34 Thallus pseudocyphellate; ascomata immersed ............. Pyrenula quassiicola Thallus lacking pseudocyphellae; ascomata emergent ...... Pyrenula mastophora Ascospores mostly 21-25 um long (ascomata <0.5 mm diam.) ... Pyrenula nitidella ASCOSDONES 21 DM IONG or a heuste at Melo hehe one Aeon Macatee ane Ate cake ons 35 AS COSMOFES OST AUS: Ma LST og, Shin anche nstca sh vondsalt- nonstate wench pendteade wom 36 ASCOSPOTES DIOS SU SAT LOIN Se on «ia ts > fb He or a bes rca He Pes a MG bra ty begs bk: Sng he! 37 ASCOSpores ASG WIE sh souls oud fn eur swe smaols abou sn De Pyrenula aspistea Ascospores 6=8 ttt Wide «4... ne nce s cone ee ctewe water asinns Pyrenula brunnea Ascomata 0.4-0.7 mm in diam. ............... 2c eee eee ee Pyrenula aggregata AS COMM ALA cee HD PAMELA Yep act: Or ne A non tbaugi tte Nart eget aedingise OE eeeeae eee os 38 Lumina round, ascospores 18-22 x 6-9 UM ......... ee eee eee Pyrenula scutata Lumina angular, ascospores 19-22 x 7-8um ..............0006. Pyrenula balia Ascomata mostly aggregated with shared ostiole (astrothelioid) (ascospores 100-132 x 32-42 um) .............. Anthracothecium interlatens AS COMMALAAIIOSUY CCUG O Png ucccehacd net Pn ounase dS nonca dst blest Mt tafe peop Se yee 40 968 ... Joshi, Upreti & Hur 40. Ascospones <200 tin lone 92.8, ot 45, oI AS aah tae ta as hee 4] AO SASCOSPOTes STOO Mie ONS rt oe nsssasetots eae e nee Mimo kate easter Banjos 8 Me 47 41. Thallus and ascomata with orange-yellow anthraquinone fascospores.12-25.« 8-131) 6 ello la atin as Pyrenula ochraceoflava 41. Thallus and ascomata lacking anthraquinone ................ 0... c ee eee eae 42 42. Ascospores 12-23 x 8-12 UM... .. eee eee ee eee eee Pyrenula parvinuclea AZ IASCOSDOLCS ZOU WINS hee a nat Pa pun PparaeeSe Paes SP Geaeee FP eee Pca AES ne «Ep ag 43 43. Mature ascospores filled with orange oil (38-50 x 15-20 um) ... .Pyrenula breutelii 43. Mature-ascospores lackins-orange oil... Poi le lp stgee fa sige bp sigea by digiat wratha S prs 44 44, Hamathecium inspersed with oil droplets (ascospores 30-45 um long) ............. 0. eee eee eee Pyrenula sublaevigata HAS Tlatiatlveca unin, Cleats ¢ Csr 5 Aer. eet shane one SAM wna AM ana MA one eae OE are a 45 45. Ascospores 60-90 x 30-40 Um... eee eee ee ee eee Anthracothecium prasinum Ay GCOS POLES So PMI! MOTB ws apa ne ern ha Ws m0 hts be Fos ya ts Preys He Fraga Ms bella th reese He eed abe | 46 46. Ascospores 33-45 x 11-16 UM... 2. eee eee ee eee Pyrenula thelemorpha 46. Ascospores 45-65 xX 15-25 UM... eee ee ee eee ee Pyrenula pyrenuloides 47. Thallus pseudocyphellate; ascospores 2 per ascus, THEO 1S0 9 3045 ih th ee ee ela tars lh es Pyrenula duplicans 47. Thallus non-pseudocyphellate; ascospores 1-4 per ascus, ZO S160 Se SOLAS Hite 14 et tern eae ee Anthracothecium macrosporum Acknowledgments This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2014K1A3A1A09063058) and the Korean National Research Resource Center Program (NRF-2017M3A9B8069471). Santosh Joshi thanks Director, CSIR- NBRI, Lucknow, India, for providing laboratory facilities. The authors are grateful to Dr. André Aptroot (ABL Herbarium, The Netherlands) and Dr. Robert Lticking (Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum, Berlin) for their valuable comments on the manuscript. Literature cited Aptroot A. 2009. Diversity and endemism in the pyrenocarpous lichen families Pyrenulaceae and Trypetheliaceae in the Malesian flora region. Blumea 54: 145-147. https://doi.org/10.3767/000651909X475923 Aptroot A. 2012. A world key to the species of Anthracothecium and Pyrenula. Lichenologist 44: 5-53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S00242829 11000624 Aptroot A, Liicking R. 2016. A revisionary synopsis of Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Trypetheliales). Lichenologist 48: 763-982. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000487 Aptroot A, Sparrius LB. 2006. Addition to the lichen flora of Vietnam, with an annotated checklist and bibliography. Bryologist 109: 358-371. https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2006)109[358:ATTLFO]2.0.CO;2 Pyrenulaceae & Trypetheliaceae in Vietnam ... 969 Aptroot A, Licking R, Sipman HJM, Umafia L, Chaves JL. 2008. Pyrenocarpous lichens with bitunicate asci. A first assessment of the lichen biodiversity inventory in Costa Rica. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 98. 162 p. Aptroot A, Ertz D, Etayo Salazar JA, Gueidan C, Mercado Diaz JA, Schumm F, Weerakoon G. 2016. Forty-six new species of Trypetheliaceae from the tropics. Lichenologist 48: 609-638. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002428291600013X Licking R, Nelsen MP, Aptroot A, Barillas De Klee R, Bawingan PA, Benatti MN, Binh NQ, Bungartz FE, Caceres MES, Canéz LS, Chaves JL, Ertz D, Esquivel RE, Ferraro LI, Grijalva A, Gueidan C, Hernandez M JE, Knight A, Lumbsch HT, Marcelli MP, Mercado-Diaz JA, Moncada B, Morales EA, Naksuwankul K, Orozco T, Parnmen S, Rivas Plata E, Salazar-Allen N, Spielmann AA, Ventura N. 2016. A phylogenetic framework for reassessing generic concepts and species delimitation in the lichenized family Trypetheliaceae (Ascomycota: Dothideomycetes). Lichenologist 48: 739-762. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000505 Orange A, James PW, White FJ. 2010. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens. British Lichen Society. Upreti DK. 1991. Lichen genus Pyrenula from India: the species with spores of Pyrenula brunnea type. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France, Lettres Botaniques, 138: 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1080/01811797.1991.10824926 Upreti DK. 1998. A key to the genus Pyrenula from India, with nomenclatural notes. Nova Hedwigia 66: 557-576. MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 971-975 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.971 Acumispora delicata sp. nov. from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest PHELIPE M.O. CosTA', MARCELA A. BARBOSA’, WANDERSON L. TAVARES’, DAYNET SOSA?*, SIMON PEREZ-MARTINEZ?+, RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ? & ELAINE MALOSSO” ‘Centro de Biociéncias, Departamento de Micologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil ? Programa de Pés-Graduag¢do em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, s/n Cidade Universitaria, Recife, PE, 50.740-600, Brazil > Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km. 30.5 Via Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador ‘Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Facultad de Ingenieria, Cdla. Universitaria, Km. 1.5 Via Milagro-Km26, Milagro 091706, Guayas, Ecuador ° Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT) Alejandro de Humboldt, OSDE, Grupo Agricola, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, C.P. 17200, Cuba * CORRESPONDENCE TO: elaine.malosso@ufpe.br ABSTRACT—A new species, Acumispora delicata, collected on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished by narrow ovoid to broad obclavate conidia, which are acuminate toward the rounded or obtuse apex. A key and illustrations of Acumispora species are provided. Key worps—asexual fungi, neotropic, taxonomy, systematics Introduction The genus Acumispora was described by Matsushima (1980) and typified by Acumispora uniseptata Matsush. It is characterized by conidiophores that are macronematous or micronematous, unbranched or irregular branched, mostly prostrate, sometimes erect, septate, brown or pale brown, sometimes reduced 872 ... Costa & al. to conidiogenous cells that are monoblastic, determinate or polyblastic, after several sympodial extensions, integrated or discrete, denticulate. The conidia are solitary, acrogenous or acropleurogenous, navicular, narrow ovoid, obclavate, acuminate or rostrate toward the apex, very pale brown to brown, with a minute basal frill after the rhexolytic conidial secession. During a mycological survey of microfungi associated with leaf litter in a Brazilian Atlantic forest, a conspicuous fungus was collected. It is described as a new Acumispora species. Materials & methods Individual collections were placed in plastic bags, taken to the laboratory, and treated according to Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2016). Mounts were prepared in polyvinyl alcohol-glycerol (8 g PVA in 100 ml water, plus 5 ml glycerol) and lactofuchsin (0.1 g acid fuchsin, 100 ml 85% lactic acid) following Carmichael (1955) or lactic acid (90%). Measurements were made at a magnification of x1000 under a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope with bright field optics, and photomicrographs were taken using DIC optics with a Nikon DS-Fi2 camera. The holotype was deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil (URM). Taxonomy Acumispora delicata P.M.O. Costa, Malosso & R.E. Castafieda, sp.nov. —_- Fics 1, 2B INDEX FUNGORUM IF 554059 Differs from Acumispora biseptata by its smaller, 3-septate conidia. Type: Brazil, Pernambuco, Igarassu, RPPN Reftigio Ecolégico Charles Darwin, 7°48’S 34°57’W, on decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, 12.V.2017, coll. P.M.O. Costa (Holotype, URM 90134). ErymMo_oey: Latin, delicata, means delicate, elegant, graceful. Co.Lonigs on the natural substrate, epiphyllous, slightly funiculose, scattered granulose, yellowish-brown. Mycelium mostly superficial, composed of septate, unbranched, pale yellowish-brown, smooth-walled hyphae, 1-2 um diam. CONIDIOPHORES micronematous, prostrate, mostly reduced to conidiogenous cells. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, discrete, determinate, lageniform, abruptly tapered, cylindrical at the conidiogenous loci, pale yellowish-brown to pale brown, 4-8 x 3-3.5 um. Conidial secession rhexolytic. Conip1a solitary, acrogenous, narrow ovoid to broad obclavate, acuminate toward the rounded or obtuse apex, straight, 3-septate, smooth, pale yellowish-brown or pale brown, 15-20 x 3-4 um, dry. Notes: Four species have been accepted previously in Acumispora: A. biseptata Matsush., A. phragmospora Matsush., A. wuniseptata, and A. verruculosa Heredia et al. (Heredia et al. 2007, Matsushima 1980). Acumispora Acumispora delicata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 873 Fic. 1. Acumispora delicata (ex holotype, URM 90134). A. Conidia. B. Conidiogenous cells. delicata resembles A. biseptata, which differs by its 2-septate, constricted at the septa, longer (16-25 um) conidia, with a triangular, elongated, rostrate apical cell. Conidia of the five species are illustrated in Fic. 2. Key to Acumispora species Tee ON IEA ATTAO O UNS CMe fo Mee oo MOe oO ins Mee ine yO ane we ate Aen Ieee ede eee 2 1. Conidia verruculose (obclavate to slightly ovate, 2-septate, constricted at the septa, 25.4-33.5 x 4.4-5.5 um) ............0.. A. verruculosa 2. Conidia 1-septate (inequilateral, more or less navicular to slightly obturbinate, with linear-triangular, rostrate apical cell, 23-28 x 5.5-6.5 um) ... A. uniseptata 2 C otiidia with more than One Sept: os. 8h os asta ib eats a gee ares 3 3. Conidia 2-septate (narrow ovoid with linear-triangular elongated, rostrate apical cell, 16-25 x 4-5 um) ...... eee eee eee ee eee A. biseptata 3: Conidiasyith-more than 2-septates st hs ot tye ty dette $e de Bike Lhe + 4. Conidia 3-septate, narrow ovoid to broad obclavate, acuminate toward the apex, 15-20 x 3-4um ................0.06. A. delicata 4, Conidia 3-6-septate, cylindrical-fusiform or long navicular, apexacuiminates 20235 MAH SIM: 2h caw sh pe een zee eed A. phragmospora 874 ... Costa & al. A £ £ = = Oo ° D C = = oO = - = O Fic. 2. Acumispora spp., conidia: A. A. biseptata (Matsushima 1980); B. A. delicata (ex holotype, URM 90134); C. A. phragmospora (Matsushima 1980); D. A. uniseptata (Matsushima 1980); E. A. verruculosa (Heredia et al. 2007). Acumispora delicata sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 875 Acknowledgments The authors express their sincere gratitude to Dr. Xiu-Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical review of the manuscript. The authors are grateful to the Coordenacao de Aperfeigoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for financial support through Project 88881.062172/2014-01 and the Programa Ciéncia sem Fronteiras. RFCR is grateful to the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal, Project P131LH003033 for facilities. DS is grateful to the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, (CIBE) for financial support. We acknowledge the facilities provided by Dr. P.M. Kirk and Drs. V. Robert and K. Bensch, through the Index Fungorum and MycoBank websites. Dr. Lorelei Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated. Literature cited Carmichael JW. 1955. Lacto-fuchsin: a new medium for mounting fungi. Mycologia 47: 611. Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi, Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9 Heredia G, Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Arias RM, Saikawa M, Stadler M. 2007. Anamorphic fungi from submerged plant material: Acumispora verruculosa sp. nov., Pleurophragmium aquaticum sp. nov and Pleurophragmium miniumbonatum comb. nov. Mycotaxon. 101: 89-97. Matsushima T. 1980. Saprophytic microfungi from Taiwan. Part. 1. Hyphomycetes. Matsushima Mycological Memoirs No. 1. 82 p. MY COTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. ©2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 977-983 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.977 Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. from the Brazilian semi-arid region SHEILA MIRANDA LEAO-FERREIRA’, Luis FERNANDO PASCHOLATI GUSMAO! & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA-RUIZ? ' Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Avenida Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, Brazil ? Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical (INIFAT) Alejandro de Humboldt, Calle 1 Esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba, C.P. 17200 * CORRESPONDENCE TO: Igusmao@uefs. br ABSTRACT—A new genus and species Anisogenispora insignissima is described and illustrated. The fungus, found on decaying fruit of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant, is distinguished by blastic production of globose to broadly pyriform, 1-2-septate, bicolored conidia and a Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph with lenticular, doliiform, cylindrical, or vermiform, unicellular or multiseptate, black conidia produced by thallic-arthric disarticulation. All conidiogenous events originate on the same conidiophores. KEY worDs—asexual fungi, hyphomycetes, taxonomy, tropics Introduction The Brazilian semiarid region, located in the northeast of the country, covers approximately 900,000 km? and exhibits a high biodiversity (Giulietti et al. 2006). Its different vegetation has favored highly diverse microfungi and the discovery of several new species (e.g., Almeida et al. 2014, Barbosa et al. 2013, Fiuza et al. 2014, Leao-Ferreira et al. 2015, Monteiro et al. 2016, Silva & Gusmao 2013, Silva et al. 2014). During a mycological survey of conidial fungi from the semi-arid region in Serra do Ramalho, Bahia State, an interesting fungus was collected that showed remarkable differences from all previously described hyphomycetes (Seifert et al. 2011); it is described here as a new genus and species. 978 ... Leao-Ferreira, Gusmao & Castafieda-Ruiz Materials & method Samples of decaying plant materials collected in Serra do Ramalho, Bahia State were placed in plastic bags for transport to the laboratory where they were treated according to Castafieda-Ruiz et al. (2016) and placed in humid chambers. Several attempts to obtain these species in pure culture were unsuccessful after transferring conidia with a flamed needle to malt extract agar [2% (w/v) malt extract and corn meal agar, mixed 1:1 with carrot extract] incubated at 25 °C. Mounts were prepared in PVL (polyvinyl alcohol, lactic acid) and measurements were made at 1000x magnification. Microphotographs were obtained with an Olympus BX51 microscope equipped with bright field and Nomarski interference optics. The type specimen is deposited in the Herbarium of Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil (HUEFS). Taxonomy Anisogenispora S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castaneda, gen. nov. INDEX FUNGORUM IF 552545 Differs from Repetophragma by its monoblastic and polyblastic conidiogenous cells with percurrent and sympodial extensions and by its chlamydospore-like synanamorph with thallic-arthric disarticulation originating near the conidiophore apex. TYPE SPECIES: Anisogenispora insignissima S.M. Leao et al. ETYMOLOGY: aniso- (Greek) meaning unequal, uneven, or dissimilar + -geni- (Latin) meaning born or produced and referring to the blastic and thallic modes of conidial ontogeny + -spora (Latin) referring to the conidia. CoLonies on the natural substrate effuse, brown. CONIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic and polyblastic, integrated, indeterminate, with enteroblastic percurrent extension, sometimes polyblastic with sympodial extension; conidial secession schizolytic. Conrp1A solitary, brown, euseptate, smooth, dry. SYNANAMORPH Thielaviopsis-like, terminal, dark brown, euseptate, originating near the apex of the conidiophores, forming conidia by thallic-arthric disarticulation; conidial secession schizolytic; conidia unicellular or multicellular, dark brown or black, smooth. Anisogenispora insignissima S.M. Leao, Gusmao & R.F. Castafieda, sp. nov. Fics 1-3 INDEX FUNGORUM IF 552546 Differs from Repetophragma biseptatum and R. quadriloculare by its conidiogenous cells with percurrent and sympodial extension and by its Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph originating from the conidiophores and conidia. Type: Brazil, Bahia State, Coribe, Serra do Ramalho, 43°47’W 13°32’S, alt. 450-600 m, on fallen decaying fruit of an unidentified dicotyledonous plant, 16.11.2008, coll. S.M. Leao-Ferreira (Holotype, HUEFS 210449). ETYMOLOGy: insignissima (Latin) meaning very remarkable, referring to pleomorphic conidia produced on the same conidiophores. Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 979 B Fic. 1. Anisogenispora insignissima (holotype, HUEFS 210449). A-C. Conidia. D, E. Conidiogenous cells and conidia. EF Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia. Scale bars = 10 um. 980 ... Ledo-Ferreira, Gusmao & Castafieda-Ruiz CoLonigs on the natural substrate effuse, hairy-granulose, dark brown to black. Mycelium superficial and immersed, composed of septate, branched, smooth, 2-4 um diam, brown to pale brown hyphae. CoNnIDIOPHORES macronematous, mononematous, erect, flexuous, straight or geniculate, unbranched, rarely branched, 2-7-septate, brown, or alternately and irregularly versicolored brown, pale brown or dark brown, 90-300 x 7.5-10 um, with 4-12 enteroblastic percurrent extensions, smooth. CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS monoblastic, sometimes polyblastic, cylindrical, integrated, indeterminate, terminal becoming intercalary with frequent and numerous enteroblastic percurrent extensions and sometimes with holoblastic, sympodial extension after a percurrent extension, 8-20 x 3 um, smooth, pale brown to brown. CONIDIOGENOUS LOCI flat. Conip1a solitary, acrogenous or acropleurogenous, broad pyriform, subglobose, somewhat turbinate to obovoid, (1-)2-septate, bicolored, basal and apical cells pale brown, middle cell dark brown or black, smooth, 17.5-30 x 12.5-20 um. SyNaANAMORPH Thielaviopsis-like, single, doliiform, cylindrical, vermiform, or long fusiform to navicular, mostly terminal, 2-16-euseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, 50-200 x 15-28 um, very dark brown or black, originated near or at the apex of the conidiophores and conidia, forming thallic-arthric conidia by disarticulation at the septa; conidial secession schizolytic; conidia lenticular, doliiform, cylindrical, 0-12-septate, dark brown or black, 8-120 x 13-28 um, smooth, dry. Note: Anisogenispora insignissima resembles Repetophragma biseptatum (M.B. Ellis) Subram. and R. quadriloculare (Matsush.) R.F. Castafieda et al. in conidial shape and the enteroblastic percurrent extension of the conidiogenous cells, but R. biseptatum and R. quadriloculare do not have sympodial extension of the conidiogenous cells (Castafeda-Ruiz et al. 2011), nor do they produce a Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph with thallic-arthric conidial ontogeny such as is present on the conidiophores in A. insignissima. Hyphae in some species of Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. develop Thielaviopsis-like synanamorphs (similar to the A. insignissima synanamorph), but Chalara exhibits an enterogenous conidial ontogeny, considered as phialidic (Nag Raj & Kendrick 1976). The Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph produced in Arthrotaeniolella L.B. Conc. et al. Fic. 2. Anisogenispora insignissima (holotype, HUEFS 210449). A. Young growing conidium from Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph after its germination. B. Conidiogenous cells, conidia, and Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph. C,D. Thallic-arthric conidia of Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph. E, FE. Conidiogenous cells, conidia, and thallic-arthric conidia of Thielaviopsis-like synanamorph. Scale bars = 10 um. Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 981 982 ... Leao-Ferreira, Gusmao & Castafieda-Ruiz Fic. 3. Anisogenispora insignissima (holotype, HUEFS 210449). Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells, and conidia; and thallic-arthric conidia of Thielaviopsis-like anamorph. is also somewhat similar to that of A. insignissima, but Arthrotaeniolella species are freshwater fungi with thallic-arthric disarticulation of the conidiophore branches (Monteiro et al. 2017). Anisogenispora insignissima gen. & sp. nov. (Brazil) ... 983 Acknowledgments We are indebted to Dr. Xiu Guo Zhang and Dr. De-Wei Li for their critical reviews. The authors thank to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq; Proc. 451991/2016-8). The first author is grateful to Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) through project N° 071/2012. RFCR is grateful to OSDE, Grupo Agricola from the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture and Programa de Salud Animal y Vegetal, project P131LH003033. Dr. Lorelei L. Norvell’s editorial review and Dr. Shaun Pennycook’s nomenclature review are greatly appreciated. Literature cited Almeida DAC, Miller AN, Gusmao LFP. 2014. New species and combinations of conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 98: 431-447. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0162 Barbosa FR, Raja HA, Shearer CA, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Some freshwater fungi from the Brazilian semi-arid region, including two new species of hyphomycetes. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 34: 243-258. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v34.iss2.2013.243 Castaneda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Arias RM, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Stadler M, Saikawa M, Gené J, Guarro J, Iturriaga T, Minter DW, Crous PW. 2011. A new species and re-disposed taxa in Repetophragma. Mycosphere. 2: 273-289. Castafieda-Ruiz RF, Heredia G, Gusmao LFP, Li DW. 2016. Fungal diversity of Central and South America. 197-217, in: DW Li (ed.). Biology of Microfungi. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_9 Fiuza PO, Gusmao LFP, Cruz ACR, Castaneda Ruiz RF. 2014. Conidial fungi from the semiarid Caatinga biome of Brazil: a new species of Pseudoacrodictys. Mycotaxon 127: 33-37. https://doi.org/10.5248/127.33 Giulietti AM, Harley RM, Queiroz LP, Rapini A. 2006. To set the scene. In: Giulietti AM, Queiroz LP, Rapini A. (Eds). Towards greater knowledge of the Brazilian semi-arid biodiversity. Ministério da Ciéncia e Tecnologia. Brasilia. Ledo-Ferreira SM, Gusmao LFP, Almeida DAC, Castafeda- Ruiz RE 2015. Digicateno- sporium polyramosum, a new hyphomycete from Brazil. Mycotaxon 130: 479-482. https://doi.org/10.5248/130.479 Monteiro JS, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2016. Pleurothecium bicoloratum & Sporidesmiopsis pluriseptata spp. nov. from Brazil. Mycotaxon 131: 145-152. https://doi.org/10.5248/131.145 Monteiro JS, Gusmao LFP, Conceicéo LB, Castafeda-Ruiz RE 2017. Arthrotaeniolella aquatica gen. & sp. nov. and Pseudospiropes piatanensis sp. nov. from Brazil. Mycotaxon 132: 373-379. https://doi.org/10.5248/132.373 Nag Raj TR, Kendrick WB. 1976. A monograph of Chalara and allied genera. Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. 200 p. Seifert K, Morgan-Jones G, Gams W, Kendrick B. 2011. The genera of hyphomycetes. CBS Biodiversity Series 9. 997 p. Silva SS, Gusmao LFP. 2013. Conidial fungi from the semi-arid Caatinga Biome of Brazil. A new species of Dictyochaeta. Mycosphere 4(4): 701-705. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/4/6 Silva SS, Cruz ACR, Gusmao LFP, Castafeda-Ruiz RF. 2014. Diplococcium variegatum, a new conidial fungus from the semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. Mycotaxon 127: 59-62. https://doi.org/10.5248/127.59 MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. © 2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 985-986 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.985 Regional annotated mycobiotas new to the Mycotaxon website ABSTRACT—Mycotaxon is pleased to announce two new species distribution lists to our ‘web-list’ page covering diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous basidiomycetes on the island of Cyprus (by Loizides) and saprobic asexual microfungi from the tropical cloud forest of Veracruz, México (by Arias, Heredia & Castafieda-Ruiz). This brings to 127 the number of free access mycobiotas now available on the Mycotaxon website: http://www.mycotaxon.com/resources/weblists.html EUROPE Cyprus MicHaEt Loizipes. Diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous basidiomycetes. 27 p. ABSTRACT—The diversity of wood-inhabiting aphyllophoraceous basidiomycetes on the island of Cyprus is explored in this paper, following a ten-year inventory between 2007 and 2016. A total of one-hundred-and-eight taxa are reported, fifty-eight of which constitute new records for the country. Twenty-two species occurring on the narrow-endemic golden oak of Cyprus (Quercus alnifolia) are documented for the first time on this host. Collections of Laetiporus sulphureus sensu lato from Ceratonia and Eucalyptus are phylogenetically analysed and revealed to belong to a distinct clade likely representing an undescribed species. Among the newly reported taxa, of particular interest are Amaurodon viridis, Asterostroma ochroleucum, Byssomerulius hirtellus, Crustoderma dryinum, Dendrocorticium polygonioides, Postia inocybe, P. simani, Steccherinum ciliolatum, and S. oreophilum, all of which are considered rare and are seldom reported in literature. The aggressive conifer pathogens Heterobasidion annosum and Porodaedalea pini are also rare and do not appear to have a significant impact on the island’s pine-dominated forests. Fuscoporia torulosa, on the other hand, is commonly encountered on sclerophyllous vegetation and should be closely monitored. Previous aphyllophoraceous records from the island are critically discussed and re-evaluated, with old and new data compiled in the form of an annotated checklist, to include notes on the substrate, fruiting season, altitude, and estimated abundance. 986 ... New regional mycobiotas online NORTH AMERICA Mexico Rosa Maria ARIAS, GABRIELA HEREDIA & RAFAEL F. CASTANEDA- Ruiz. Checklist of saprobic asexual microfungi from the tropical montane cloud forest of Veracruz, México. 48 p. Axsstract— A checklist comprising 355 species and 190 genera of asexual microfungi associated with plant debris collected in different localities of the tropical montane cloud forest of Veracruz, Mexico, is presented based on literature and fresh specimens. Annotations (lists of studied material and locations) are accompanied by illustrations of 31 species. A total 101 taxa are recorded for the Mexican mycobiota for the first time. MYCOTAXON ISSN (print) 0093-4666 (online) 2154-8889 Mycotaxon, Ltd. © 2017 October-December 2017— Volume 132, pp. 987-1001 https://doi.org/10.5248/132.987 BOOK REVIEWS AND NOTICES. LORELEI L. NORVELL & ELSE VELLINGA, EDITORS Pacific Northwest Mycology Service, Portland OR 97229-1309 USA ABSTRACT—Books reviewed include: BasiplomyceTES—Agaricus of North America (Kerrigan 2016), Hebeloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. (Beker et al. 2016); LrcHens—Lichens of Mexico (Herrera-Campos et al. 2016). BASIDIOMYCETES Agaricus of North America. By Richard W. Kerrigan. 2016. Memoirs OF THE NEw YorRK BOTANICAL GARDEN, VOL. 114. NYBG Press, Bronx NY 10458-5126, USA. 592 p. ~385 color plates & figures, hardback. ISSN 0077-8931; ISBN 978-0-89327-536-5. Price (excl. postage): $127.99. www.nybgpress.org c das ; i praeclaresquamosus is chewy But the name here turns out to be hooey, See ic - : And those who like poison AG AREC US . Will now find their joys in of NORTH AMERICA, | Agaricus buckmacadooi. . If you take an Agaricus census, RICHARD W. KERRIGAN 7 The naming will batter your senses, Some mushrooms that pose as ‘praeclaresquamosus’ Should really be deardorffensis. The above limerick, dashed off today by British Columbian Ian Gibson (our Pacific Northwest Key Council database expert), captures the west coast’s response to Rick Kerrigan's new masterpiece. A trained agaricologist, * Book reviews or books for consideration for coverage in this column should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief 6720 NW Skyline, Portland OR 97229 USA. 988 ... MycoTAxon 132(4) I nonetheless still embarrass myself hemming and hawing over a pristine Agaricus presented for field identification. Confidently identifying Inocybe, Phaeocollybia, Chrysomphalina, Galerina, and many small or ‘valueless’ mushrooms, I am flummoxed by the genus that gave agaricology its name. Somewhat defeated by identifications that are misapplications of European concepts, most North American field agaricologists slavishly follow Arora (1986) who—recognizing an Agaricus identification crisis when he saw one— cheerfully placed ‘group’ after species names to give the uncertain identifier a bit of wiggle room. But I digress. AGARICUS OF NorTH AMERICA is a sturdy hefty tome with stiff hard covers designed to stand up to frequent use. Owners are nonetheless advised to prepare the volume by splaying it firmly flat in sections to prime it for heavy use on lab benches. Presentation is thorough and comprehensive. The table of contents and acknowledgments precede introductory chapters covering Agaricus in the (1) world and (2) commerce; history & nomenclature; literature; “To study and identify Agaricus” (a materials & methods section to read and re-read); formats & conventions; edibility caveats; phylogenetic analysis; sequences representing Agaricus sections (+ subsections & unnamed major lineages); and typifications of 10 previously published taxa. These introductory chapters provoke. In “Why this book? Why now?” Kerrigan does not share his 45 years of Agaricus field experience in a field guide because “I believe that this presentation uniquely bridges a gap between the typical specialist literature and the typical field guide in a way that will interest many readers.” He further notes— “What I have attempted to produce is a MONOGRAPHIC TECHNICAL RESOURCE that is authoritative, while remaining generally accessible, and is comprehensive to the extent that our existing knowledge allows. ... Agaricus is a difficult, subtle, phenotypically plastic genus with many, many rare and seemingly cryptic species, and North America is a big and diverse continent. ... The present volume ... is just a start, a down payment on what we as stewards of the commons deserve: an exhaustively comprehensive, absolutely authoritative summary of Agaricus in North America.... The process is far from completed.” The author ends his opening chapter with the challenge—“See if you can discover what I’ve missed.” In “Agaricus erected, disused, emended, and conserved” Rick observes— “As [Linnaeus] employed the name, Agaricus corresponded to the gilled mushrooms. Consequently, for more than a century, most new mushrooms were named as an Agaricus, creating a huge list of names for a diverse Book Reviews ... 989 range of species (now mostly reassigned to many segregated genera). This copious nomenclatural residue is just one more cumbersome obstacle, virtually unique to Agaricus, impeding the simple use of correct names, thus affecting comprehension and communication.” The 33-page chapter on how to approach the genus clearly explains why so many of the collections studied are Kerrigan’s own and how to avoid making collections that are destined to reside only in herbaria—uncharacterized, unattended, and decidedly unloved. The helpful five pages devoted to the objective of Agaricus study [“I have applied the names that in my opinion are MOST PROBABLY correct’] precede discussions on characters (macro-/ microscopic, eco-/geological, biochemical, molecular, cultural), all summarized in a brief paragraph on p. 49. Next follow the all-important keys and taxonomic treatments. ‘The titles explain what the keys are designed to do and not do: [i] “Dichotomous key for the placement of agaricoid and secotioid specimens of Agaricus subg. Agaricus in North America to sections or groups” and “[ii] Quasi-synoptic key for the placement of specimens of A. subg. Agaricus in North America to sections or groups.” The author shares his frustration in crafting keys: “..natural groups in Agaricus...are somewhat heterogeneous morphologically and sometimes biochemically, and frustrate attempts to produce elegant dichotomous keys, especially when emphasizing field characters.” Hence the synoptic key serves as “the preferred framework for a holistic assessment of attributes and affinities. Once a section or group is selected, one or more subsidiary dichotomous keys for the individual sections follow as each section is introduced....” One complaint may be raised at using only the rDNA ITS region to support new phylogenetic sections, and readers are warned to expect several taxonomic shifts after future multigene sequence analyses are employed. The formal taxonomic section covers 190 taxa (some represented only by RWK collection numbers) and proposes 34 new names. Descriptions are ordered based on formal section (Bivelares, Chitonioides, Xanthodermatei, Sanguinolenti, Nigrobrunnescentes, Agaricus, Spissicaules, Subrutilescentes, Rarolentes, Minores, Arvenses) (further divided into subsections) or the informal ‘floridianus, ‘longuloid/gryophragmioid, and ‘martineziensis’ lineages. A typical section (e.g., A. sect. Bivelares) begins with a standard nomenclator (but containing only selected synonyms) followed by AFFINITIES, CHARACTERS, the inevitably valuable REMARKS, and KEY to species. This may or may not precede SUBSECTIONS (with their own CHARACTERS, REMARKS, and KEY). Each section/subsection includes an illustration, a graph comparing spore sizes, and a phylotree. 990 ... MycoTaxon 132(4) One to two illustrations accompany each 1-4-page species treatment: most are photos—some in situ, most ‘morgue’ shots of fresh material (so useful to taxonomists but too often snubbed by those hoping to see mushrooms in natural habitats), and several of herbarium exsiccati—with a few drawings or paintings. For reasons obvious to those who know how few Agaricus features are diagnostic under high power, there are precious few micrographs. Species sections include nomenclator, AFFINITIES; technical DESCRIPTION; CHEMISTRY; HABIT, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION; an always insightful piscussi1on; and EpIBILiTy. [Edibility for Agaricus bisporus is noted as: “This mushroom is a prized edible, the most commonly cultivated mushroom in the world, the basis of a multi-billion-dollar industry. Cultivation is not difficult—if you know how.’] The amount of new information (based on a lifetime of personal observation) presented here is awe-inspiring. And yet, there are big swaths of North America that are only superficially studied (the southern and southeastern states), while Mexico merits only a brief mention in the literature section. Most material in the book was collected in California, Pennsylvania, Colorado, and New Mexico. Focused on one continent as it is, the current volume presents keys and descriptions to cover only species confirmed by the author as occurring there. Since the 1970s, North American agaricologists have confronted far too many misapplied names and a somewhat tumultuous “nomenclatural inconsistency” in the continent’s monographs and field guides. As a test, I consulted the 55 names listed in the PNW Key Council provisional key to Pacific Northwest Agaricus species (Chariton 1997) to evaluate names accepted by Kerrigan against those still used by most North American field taxonomists. First eliminated were 18 provisional names from an unpublished master’s thesis (Isaacs 1963); based on Oregon and Washington specimens, these were never formally proposed and thus (with one exception) missing from Kerrigan's index. After removing synonyms and names with no modern concept and adding nine newly named taxa, the PNW list tallied 39 Kerrigan-accepted Agaricus names. That list will grow once the PNW Key Council further mines the volume to identify which additional species inhabit British Columbia, Idaho, western Montana & Alberta, Washington, and Oregon. The verses at the beginning encapsulate the problems faced by all North American would-be Agaricus identifiers. In 1972, I identified one forest mushroom as Agaricus meleagris, which was ‘corrected’ in 1974 to A. placomyces. In the early 80s, Oregon Mycological Society members learned that the CORRECT west coast name was A. praeclaresquamosus (Kerrigan 1986), only to find thereafter that it also would not serve: Book Reviews ... 991 “The Agaricus meleagris-placomyces-praeclaresquamosus complex continues to puzzle, although Rick Kerrigan and colleagues seem to have successfully teased out the western North American cluster. After years of my spelling A. praeclaresquamosus Freeman slowly for fellow field mycologists, we now recognize the complex (in the Pacific Northwest at least) as Agaricus moelleri Wasser” (Norvell 2016). But wait! Now A. deardorffensis (which has sent people to the hospital in British Columbia) and A. buckmacadooi (honoring Washington's own PNW Key Councilor Buck McAdoo) replace the first four errant names (Kerrigan et al. 2005, Norvell 2017). Fortunately AGARICUS OF NORTH AMERICA elucidates the misapplied and confused European and North American concepts; those perplexed by this complex are well advised to read and commit to memory pp. 141-143, even while being aware that that the deardorffensis ITS rDNA (sequenced originally from that mushroom brought into the Vancouver Emergency Room) differs in only ONE base pair from the Tibetan species, A. tibetensis. The dry humor permeating this scientific treatise on all things Agaricus will reassure readers who want entertainment with their erudition. I was particularly charmed by a note on the newly minted Agaricus julius Kerrigan (p. 394): “MISAPPLIED NAMEs: It has been called “the Prince” (A. augustus) in common usage in Colorado; perhaps now it will become the Emperor formerly known as Prince.” Such wit is rarely encountered in nomenclators. The volume concludes with biographies and Agaricus species of Kerrigan's North American predecessors (Charles H. Peck, William A. Murrill, Alexander H. Smith, Bill E Isaacs, Alice E. Freeman), literature cited, lists of critically examined types and vouchers studied and/or sequenced and accepted, nomenclatural citations for the covered taxa, and a 5-page index inexplicably entitled ‘Index to scientific names now (or formerly) assigned to Agaricaceae, with prior homonyms [perplexing in that a comprehensive list from 1753 onwards might rival the current volume in length]. On the back of the page containing Rick’s biography and photo is printed a 6-in/16-cm ruler, an incitement to all readers to go outside and get busy. Together with the European Agaricus tomes (Parra 2008, 2013) and the ongoing work in Asia (e.g., Zhao et al. 2011), the genus is rapidly losing many of its secrets. We note that the work by Parra (whom Kerrigan warmly credits in his acknowledgments) is quite different in scope and execution than that by Kerrigan. Not so surprising, as Europe has a much longer and more thorough mycological tradition with many more active people in the field. 992 ... MYCOTAXON 132(4) Kerrigan's solution to life’s Agaricus problems has been a long time coming but does not disappoint. While taxonomic riddles remain (giving Rick more to do in his off time), many Gordian knots have been sliced. Although we still take refuge in Arora’s ‘groups, they are becoming smaller and more approachable. Misery does love company, so perhaps most comforting of all is that this North American Agaricus expert lets us know that he finds His genus even more difficult than the rest of us do. Arora D. 1986. Mushrooms demystified. (2"¢ ed.). Ten Speed Press, Berkeley. 959'p. Chariton LR. 1997 (reformatted by Ian Gibson April 2003). Trial field key to the species of Agaricus in the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Key Council. < http://www.svims.ca/council/Agari2.htm> Isaacs BF. 1963. A survey of Agaricus in Washington, Oregon, and California. M.S. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. [unpublished] Kerrigan RW. 1986. The Agaricales (gilled fungi) of California. 6. Agaricaceae. Mad River Press, Eureka/ 62 p. + figs. Kerrigan RW, Callac P, Guinberteau J, Challen MP, Parra LA. 2005. Agaricus section Xanthodermatei: a phylogenetic reconstruction with commentary on taxa. Mycologia 97: 1292-1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-058 Norvell L. 2016(1992). The regular column: That nudum is a nuda? ResearchGate author revision of Mushroom, The Journal. Winter 1991- 92, 10(1): 15-17. . Norvell L. 2017(1988). The herbarium and how it breeds. ResearchGate author revision of Mushroom, The Journal. Summer 1986, 4(3): 6-9. . Parra Sanchez LA. 2008. Agaricus L. Allopsalliota Nauta & Bas. Tribu Agaricaceae S. Imai Parte I. Fungi Europaei 1. Edizioni Candusso. Parra Sanchez LA. 2013. Agaricus L. Allopsalliota Nauta & Bas. Parte II. Fungi Europaei 1A. Edizioni Candusso. Zhao RL, Karunarathna S, Raspé O, Parra LA, Guinberteau J, Moinard M, De Kesel A, Barroso G, Courtecuisse R, Hyde KD, Guelly AK, Desjardin DE, Callac P. 2011. Major clades in tropical Agaricus. Fungal Diversity 51: 279-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0136-7 LORELEI NORVELL Pacific Northwest Mycology Service Portland OR 97229-1309, USA IInorvell@pnw-ms.com Book Reviews ... 993 Hebeloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. By H.J. Beker, U. Eberhardt & J. Vesterholtt, 2016. Fungi Europaei 14. Candusso Edizioni s.a.s., ISBN 978-88-96059-42-5. 1232 pp, 2654 photos, 200 drawings. 2.8 kilos. Price 86.00 Euros. Hebeloma is one of those genera in which Tee species recognition has been difficult, which sericea ete) card has resulted in a wealth of literature where authors all interpreted names differently J, )4:15 8e))'//: Vere and often brought more confusion than clarification. For Europe, there is now an excellent book that brings together a mass of knowledge and data and gives clear reasons for the species that are presented. What sets this book apart from other taxonomic treatments is the care given to explanations on the decisions made and the different sets of characters that played a role in these decisions (biological data concerning monokaryon mating, morphological data, and molecular DNA data). In some cases morphology tipped the scale to recognize several species; in others the DNA data indicated the existence of differences. It should be noted that a combination of molecular markers was used for species delimitation and that more variable gene regions than the universally used barcode ITS region were sequenced and phylogenetically analysed. The mating data were provided by earlier research (Aanen & Kuyper 1999) on the Hebeloma crustuliniforme group; the first author contributed most microscopic observations, whereas the second author brought into the mix her molecular-phylogenetic skills. Background articles on several sections had been published previously (e.g. Eberhardt et al. 2013, 2015). The set-up of the book is comparable to others in the series. The introduction describes the different chapters and sets the tone. Those chapters cover the history of the genus, morphology and ontogeny, materials and methods, infrageneric classification, keys to sections (in different languages), six chapters treating the species in the various sections, followed by an extensive overview of ecology and habitat, a list of published names from Europe and north Africa, bibliography, and finally iconography (more than 500 pages!). Most important is the chapter called “Our approach’—the materials and methods part. This is required reading for every taxonomist, and student in taxonomy. The care with which the research was conducted is exemplary. 994 ... MYCOTAXON 132(4) Another chapter of enormous importance for taxonomists in and outside Europe is the list of names that have been published but are not included as current and valid names in the description chapters. These names come with annotations of the authors, who studied as many type collections as possible. The almost 100 pages this list comprises indicates the wealth of information here (all original diagnoses are given and, if necessary, translated into English). All 84 species descriptions have been generated in the same way from the data in the first author's database. This means that they are standardized and follow the same order. The keys have also been generated from the database, which means that human inflation of characters in the keys is absent. Illustrations in the description chapters are limited to phylogenetic trees per section or subsection, phenology histograms and distribution maps, and line drawings of type specimen’s microscopic characters, but the colour photographs of microscopic and macroscopic characters in chapter 17 add a wealth of information. Species recognition still will not be easy in this genus, as the differences between species can be quite subtle, sometimes only in one morphological character that needs careful observation, and sometimes there is overlap in morphological characters among species. This is partly due to the fact that the authors sought for and found DNA regions that are more variable than ITS. But remember, this book provides thorough arguments for or against the decisions made. It is sad that the third author, Jan Vesterholt, did not live to see the end product of this work (Jan died in 2011). The book is dedicated to his memory; Jan brought his knowledge of the northern European species to this project (Vesterholt 2005). This book is not the final word on the genus Hebeloma—far from it. The authors are now focusing on the North American taxa, and I am looking forward to this next installment. I am very curious to see how many species the two continents have in common, and whether human introductions might have played a role in these patterns. My appreciation and admiration for the authors in tackling this difficult but important ectomycorrhizal genus hopefully shine through this review. Aanen D, Kuyper TW, 1999. Intercompatibility tests in the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex in northwestern Europe. Mycologia 91: 783-795. Book Reviews ... 995 Eberhardt U, Beker HJ, Vesterholt J, Dukik K, Walther G, Vila J, Brime SE 2013. European species of Hebeloma section Theobromina. Fungal Diversity 58: 103-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/213225-12-0188-3 Eberhardt U, Beker HJ, Vesterholt J. 2015. Decrypting the Hebeloma crustuliniforme complex: European species of Hebeloma_ section Denudata subsection Denudata (Agaricales). Persoonia 35: 101-147. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158515X687704 Vesterholt J. 2005. The genus Hebeloma. Fungi of Northern Europe vol. 3. Svampetryk, Denmark. ELSE C. VELLINGA 861 Keeler Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94708 USA ecvellinga@comcast.net LICHENS Lichens of Mexico. The Parmeliaceae - Keys, distribution and specimen descriptions. Maria Herrera-Campos, Rosa Emilia Pérez-Pérez & Thomas H. Nash III (eds.). 2016. BristiotHECA LICHENOLOGICA, Vol. 110; vi+723 p., 17 figs., 14x22cm. English. ISBN 978-3-443-58089-6, bound, price: 199.00 €. a Bibliotheca Lichenologica 110 LICHENS OF MEXICO—THE PARMELIACEAE is a valuable resource that will soon be Fictens oie consulted even outside of its intended region. ! | The fact that 20% of the world’s Parmeliaceae (including the vast majority known from North America) occur in Mexico make this volume helpful in keying out lichens outside of the country, particularly in adjacent Central America, Caribbean, and United States. Its use of the recent realignment of species into phylogenetically supported groups and genera is a particular benefit. Thick, dense, but compact, the book is held easily in one hand. Its sturdy hardcover appears rain- and incidental spillage-proof, and its firmly bound pages of ‘permanent paper conforming to ISO 9706-1994” do not crackle when splayed to prepare for heavy use. ‘The text is crisp and legible, although the spacing is a bit tight for my aging eyes and the margins are far too narrow, forcing one’s eye to jump occasionally from one long line to another—all trade offs needed to keep the book affordable and under 800 pages long. This 996 ... MycoTAXxoNn 132(4) economy of space has the unfortunate result that even when opened firmly, text on inside margins tends to trail off into the crease. The semi-glossy photos are sharp and clear but amazingly few: As its title clearly indicates, the volume focuses on keys and descriptions. Nonetheless, readers who do read the text should be able to check most of their determinations easily against the excellent photos in Brodo et al. (2001). Three introductory chapters set the framework for the 450 species to follow. The first, covering Mexico’s geology, topography, vegetation, and diversity, provides four maps, two colored to distinguish the different climates and biomes. The country’s 2 million km? surface area and varied landscape, climate, and ecosystems accommodate ~12% of the world’s species. Herrera-Campos et al. note that it has been historically difficult to classify Mexico's biological landscape due the convergence of the Holarctic and Neotropical realms in the Tropic of Cancer, leading to the recognition of (if not agreement on) 10-32 vegetation types within the five biomes. The second chapter—Phylogenetic structure of metacommunities in Mexican Parmeliaceae—presents the first lichen community phylogenetic analysis for Mexico based on the Parmeliaceae. Liicking et al. note that the relatively young community phylogenetics field tries to characterize the phylogenetic structure of ecological communities, thereby ‘providing insights into evolutionary process’ based on the theory ‘that closely related species do not usually co-occur in the same community. The few fungal and micro-organismal studies published before 2006 make these 29 pages the first to apply community phylogenetics to lichens. The 12%- page table shows the presence/absence of the 450 species in Mexicos five major biomes—tropical humid forest, humid mountain forest, temperate forest, seasonally dry forest, and dry shrubland. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity is highest in the temperate forest and lowest in the humid mountain and tropical humid forests, supporting the temperate forest as a center of diversity for Mexican Parmeliaceae while less diverse and more clade-specific composition of the seasonally dry forest and dry shrubland favor lineages of the parmotremoid/xanthopermelioid clade and Oropogon. The third introductory chapter presents a molecular-based synopsis of generic classification of Parmeliaceae: since 2000, the ‘increased availability of DNA sequence data has led to a second revolution of generic delimitations in Parmeliaceae based on molecular phylogenetic studies addressing the circumscription of genera’ Crespo et al. briefly evaluate currently accepted Book Reviews ... 997 genera, recapitulating recent changes in their circumscription and dividing the family into 7 phylogenetic groups: ALECTORIOID—Circumscriptions of Alectoria, Bryoria, and Pseudephebe remain relatively unchanged. The 2009 separation of Gowardia from Alectoria is not currently supported, while Nodobryoria, segregated previously from Bryoria, appears not closely related to Bryoria. CeTRARIOID—Cetraria, Kaernefeltia, | Melanelia, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis* [sic], Vulpicida represent a usually well-supported monophyletic clade, although current circumscriptions are needed in some instances. “Genetic distances among many currently accepted genera are remarkably low.... Thus at least some of the genera should most likely be merged.” In this chapter Crespo & Barrano propose the new Kaernefeltia iberica comb. nov. for extralimital Spanish specimens previously referred to K. merrillii, a North American endemic. Hypocymnioip— The first sentence reads: “this group consists of four foliose genera’, but only three are named (probably because the authors counted Cavernula, whose species were transferred to Hypogymnia in 2011). Brodoa [not found in Mexico] and Pseudevernia are the other two hypogymnioid genera cited here. LETHARIOID—Segregation of Letharia (found in Mexico) and Lethariella awaits further research. PARMELIOID— This largest group accommodates over 1800 accepted species. Of the 21 accepted genera, 5 (Bulbothrix, Parmelia, Parmelinella, *NOMENCLATURAL NOTE: Although the genus is misspelled ‘Tuckermannopsis’ consistently throughout the volume, according to Art. 60.1 of the INTERNATIONAL CODE OF NOMENCLATURE FOR ALGAE, FUNGI, AND PLANTS (McNeill & al. 2012), the name honoring Edward Tuckerman should be corrected to Tuckermanopsis, as originally spelled for the type species Tuckermanopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyel. and as displayed on Index Fungorum and MycoBank . MycoBank lists “Tuckermannopsis’ as an orthographic variant. Thus far I have been unable to determine just exactly when the name acquired the extra ‘n’ but suspect it might have been introduced by Hale, who transferred 13 species to the genus in the 5" lichen checklist by Egan (1987). Although a Google search tends to turn up more Tuckermannopsis hits, the spelling used almost uniformly in the North American books on my library shelves (e.g., Hale & Cole 1988, Brodo et al. 2001 McCune & Geiser 2009), there are quite a few papers (e.g., Harris & Lendemer 2005; Randlane & Saag 2006 + many more European texts) that spell the name as proposed by the Byelorussian Gyelnik in 1933. Note also that when Esslinger (2006) carved the segregate genus, Tuckermanella Essl. from Tuckermanopsis, he correctly spelled his new genus with only one ‘n. 998 ... MycoTAXxoON 132(4) Parmotremopsis, Pseudoparmelia) are currently polyphyletic, in a state of flux, or lack molecular data; three (Canoparmelia, Hypotrachyna, Xanthoparmelia) were recently trimmed for monophyly, and three (Melanelixia, Melanohalea, Remotrachyna) are recent segregates. The remaining 10 well-supported monophyletic genera include Cetrelia, Flavoparmelia, Montanelia, Myelochroa, Parmelina, Parmeliopsis, Parmotrema, Phacopsis, Punctelia, and Relicina. PROTOPARMELIOID—confined to the polyphyletic Protoparmelia. UsnEoip—limited to one genus (Usnea) with 350 species and the most highly diverse in tropical areas. Usnea now includes previous segregates (e.g., Dolichousnea, Eumitria, Neuropogon) phylogenetically nested within it. GENERA WITH UNCERTAIN AFFINITIES—Anzia, characterised by multispored asci with small curved ascospores and a spongiostratum, is centered in eastern Asia. Imshaugia is distinguished by Parmeliopsis-like species with emergent laminal/marginal pycnidia and bacilliform/bifusiform conidia. Menegazzia, diagnosed by a perforated upper thallus surface, occurs primarily in the southern hemisphere. The morphological segregation of Nodobryoria from Bryoria is molecularly supported. Oropogon a fruticose lichen of the Neotropics with a currently unresolved phylogeny. A key to the identification of genera representing Parmeliaceae in Mexico concludes the introduction. A formidable array of Parmeliaceae experts have written chapters for this volume, with Editors Herrera-Campos (5), Pérez-Pérez (9), and Nash (24) and authors R.S. Egan (5), T.L. Esslinger (10), J.A. Elix (4) each contributing to more than two chapters while J.W. Bjerke, A. Crespo, P.K. Divakar, S.D. Leavitt, James Lendemer, Robert Liicking, H.T. Lumbsch, Bruce McCune, I.KK. Tronstad, J.L. Vilmasenor, and A. Zambrano Garcia each contributed to at least one. Thirty-nine generic chapters covering 450 species comprise the bulk (and the goal) of THE PARMELIACEAE. The note added in proof at the bottom of the section’s title page hints at editorial headaches suffered over collating over 40 papers, with many undoubtedly arriving only shortly before press time: “Herein Dr. Egan proposes treating everniastrum subplanum Sipman as a synonym of Parmotrema paramoreliense whereas the former species was treated as Hypotrachyna subplanum in the Hypotrachyna treatment as proposed by Divakar et al. (2013a). The correct placement must await molecular investigations of all relevant material” Book Reviews ... 999 Genera are presented in alphabetical order and entitled with the genus name + in Mexico (except for “Menegazzia in Mexico and the Caribbean islands”). The chapters range in length from one page (Cetraria, Phacopsis) to 103 pages (Hypotrachyna, Parmotrema), depending on the number of species. Formatting is consistent: Title and author information are followed by abstract, short genus characterization, and species key (for genera with more than one species covered). Each species treatment begins with the taxonomic heading and nomenclator followed by morphological description, chemical composition, distribution data, and important notes and concludes with a list (often extensive) of specimens examined. Alphabetical presentation —a necessity in such a large volume with no index—and running titles enable rapid location of a particular genus. Eight species new to science are proposed in the Alectoria (2), Hypotrachyna (1), Parmotrema (2), Pseudevernia (2), and Tuckermanella (1) chapters. There are a few deviations, perhaps the most startling being that only the species key, taxonomic headings, illustration references, and distributional data appear are provided for Canoparmelia; I regret the absence of the rest of the material but suspect that the fact this chapter was written by two already overcommitted editors, Pérez-Pérez & Nash, may have something to do with the decision to withhold the morphological and chemical features [referenced in the abstract as “Descriptions were provided previously”] and final discussions for the 13 species. Still, it will be a bit of a hassle for some readers to find the correct ‘previous’ paper for the missing information. I also greatly mourn the lack of a concluding comprehensive species index that would allow easy tracking of new taxonomic realignments, always helpful to those wondering what name a favored species has recently adopted. The information can be ferreted out of the nomenclators, although the reader must know the new name to find out what happened to the old one. This does, however, have the benefit of persuading the user to consult the keys, the whole purpose of the volume! Finally, given the focus on phylogenetic analysis of biomes, groups, and genera in this volume, I was exasperated by the lack of information regarding which DNA regions were sequenced to generate the phylogenies. A time-consuming scan of the 31-page bibliography proved somewhat helpful, although I found only three titles naming the DNA regions: mitochondrial DNA (Crespo & al. 2001), ITS & {-tubulin (Crespo & al. 2002), and ribosomal markers + RPB1 (Crespo & al. 2007). Inspection of the multilocus sequences analyzed by Altermann et al. (2014), however, 1000 ... Mycotaxon 132(4) explains why modern titles do not enumerate all DNA regions used: citing their 15 different loci (even in the abstract) would have needlessly lengthened the paper and the authors cited the needed information in their Materials & methods table. Nonetheless, the nuclear ITS, LSU and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences cited in the abstract for “DNA barcoding in the Hypotrachyna clade” abstract (Divakar et al. 2015) is information that should have been shared under Hypotrachyna in the third chapter. Likewise identifying the DNA barcode used to identify hidden diversity in Parmelia sensu stricto (Divakar et al. 2015) as derived from the ITS region should have been noted for that genus. The rapid change in the complex molecular landscape is perhaps one reason why most authors use vague terms such as ‘molecular analyses, ‘DNA sequence based, or ‘phylogenetic analyses’ in their titles (saving the lengthier specifics for the abstracts). If a second edition is anticipated, a brief list of the DNA regions sequenced used to generate the phylogenetic support and their utility (even if just in table form) would be welcome. The objections raised above are minor and should in no way discourage anyone from purchasing such a useful book that does precisely what it sets out to do: key and describe 450 lichens representing Parmeliaceae from Mexico. As noted above, its use will not (nor should) be restricted to Mexico and the reference will prove a reliable resource for all those who use it. 1am very happy to have LICHENS OF MExIco: THE PARMELIACEAE On my lab library shelves. Altermann S, Leavitt SD, Goward T, Nelsen MP, Lumbsch HT. 2014. How do you solve a problem like Letharia? A new look at cryptic species in lichen-forming fungi using Bayesian clustering and SNPs from multilocus sequence data. PLoS One 9: e97556. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097556 Brodo IW, Sharnoff, SD, Sharnoff S. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven. 795 p. Crespo A, Blanco O, Hawksworth DL. 2001. The potential of mitochondrial DNA for establishing phylogeny and _ stabilising generic concepts in the parmelioid lichens. Taxon 50: 807-819. https://doi.org/10.2307/1223708 Crespo A, Molino MC, Blanco O, Schroeter B, Sancho LG, Hawksworth DL. 2002. rDNA ITS and f-tubulin gene sequence analyses reveal two monophyletic groups within the cosmopolitan lichen Parmelia_ saxatilis. Mycological Research 106: 788-795. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375620200610X Book Reviews ... LOO1 Crespo A, Lumbsch HT, Mattson JE, Blanco O, Divakar PK, Articus K, Wiklund E, Bawingan PA, Wedin M. 2007. Testing morphology- based hypotheses of phylogenetic relations in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) using three ribosomal markers and the nuclear RPB1 gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44: 812-824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.11.029 Divakar PK, Leavitt SD, Molina MC, Del-Prado R, Lumbsch HT, Crespo A. 2015. A DNA barcoding approach for identification of hidden diversity in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota): Parmelia sensu stricto as a case study. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12358 Divakar PK, Crespo A, Nufiez-Zapata J, Flakus A, Sipman HJM, Elix J, Lumbsch HT. 2013. A molecular perspective on generic concepts in the Hypotrachyna clade (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 132: 21-38. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.132.1.2 Esslinger TL. 2003. Tuckermanella, a new cetrarioid genus in western North America. Mycotaxon 65: 135-141. Hale M. 1987. 13 Tuckermannopsis [sic] recombinations proposed on p. 165 in Egan RS. A fifth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. The Bryologist 90(2): 77-173. Harris RC, Lendemer JA. 2005. Contributions to the lichen flora of Pennsylvania: A checklist of lichens collected during the first Howard Crum Bryological Workshop, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. Opuscula Philolichenum 2: 1-10. McCune B, Geiser L. 2009. Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. Revised Edition. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis. McNeill J, Barrie FE, Buck WR, Demoulin V, Greuter W, et al. (eds). 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code). [Regnum Vegetabile no. 154.] Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein. Randlane T, Saag A. 2006. Cetrarioid lichens i34n Europe - an identification key for the species. 75-84 in: Lackovicova A., Guttova A., Lisicka E. & Lizon P. (eds.), Central European lichens - diversity and threat. Mycotaxon Ltd., Ithaca. LORELEI NORVELL Pacific Northwest Mycology Service Portland OR 97229-1309, USA IInorvell@pnw-ms.com Russula vinosoflavescens sp. nov. (Trendel, Hampe & Verbeken— Fie. 1, p. 713)